Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk ladVdky - Media and Rights

pkj n`f"Vdks.k,dvFkZO;oLFkk ,d ,slh O;oLFkk gS] tks ukxfjdksa ds fgr esa uhfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k djrh gSAvFkZO;oLFkk ds dsanz esa lnSo vke vkneh gksuk pkfg,] u fd lRrk ds fy, iawth dhO;oLFkkA& dkSfVY;(izfl) xzaFk^vFkZ’kkL=* esa vFkZO;oLFkk dk egRo crkrs gq,)nksc

Hkhrj D;k gS\1. dgka gSa] vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dh tM+sa!2. mifuos’kokn vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk3. vktknh! fdruh vktkn\4. O;oLFkk dks vius gkFk ysus dhj.kuhfr5. iwath dh jktuhfr6. vk/kqfud vkfFkZd ladV ekus!7. ns’kksa ls ijs uo&mifuos'kokn8. o`f) vkSj fodkl ds chp9. D;k gSa bu uhfr;ksa ds vlj geij\10. ljdkj cnyha] ij D;k gS] tks ughacnyk!4

1- dgka gSa] vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dh tM+sa!ubZ vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa ds 20 o"kZvc tcfd egaxkbZ u, fjdkMZ cuk pqdh gSA c

cu x, gSaA bl chp etsnkj RkF; gS fd dHkh I;kt] vkyw brus egaxs gks tkrs gSafd yksx [kkus dks rjl tkrs gSa rks dHkh brus lLrs fd fdlku vkRegR;k dksfoo’k gks tkrs gSaA2001 ls 2011 bl ek;us esa igyk n'kd gS] ftleas Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k bykdksadh rqyuk esa 'kgjksa esa tula[;k T;knk c

l nLrkost esa dksbZ v/;k; ugh gSaA blesa [k.M gSa D;ksafd vkfFkZd ladV dkbfrgkl v/;k;ksa esa ugh cfYd 'kks"k.k ds [k.Mksa caVk utj vkrk gSA vkb, ns[ksafd xqykeh ds 200 o"kksaZ vkSj rFkkdfFkr ubZ vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa ds 20 o"kksaZ esa D;kesy gS!ge vkfFkZd ladV dks vius ?kj ds Hkhrj ls ns[krs gSa vkSj gekjh utj dsoygekjs vklikl ?kV jgh ?kVukvksa ij tkrh gS] ij ;g ns[kuk t:jh gS fd Hkkjrds ckgj bl vkfFkZd ladV dk eryc D;k gS\ D;k dsoy xjhc ;k rFkkdfFkrfodkl'khy ns'kksa ij gh bldk vlj gksxk] ugha! dksbZ Hkh ns'k gks] ml ij vkfFkZdladV dk vlj gSApkSafd, er] ij ;g lp gS fd dqN ;wjksih; ns'k bl ladV ds xgjs tky esa Qalsgq, gSaA mu ij mudh ldy ?kjsyq mRikn ls T;knk dtZ tk cSBk gSA os u rksvius ukxfjdksa dks jkstxkj ns ik jgs gSa] u gh vius deZpkfj;ksa dks osru nsus dsfy, muds [ktkus esa /ku gSA mUgksus ;g uhfr cuk;h Fkh fd yksxksa ds ikl /kuu Hkh rks Hkh os miHkksx djsa] blds fy, mUgksusa ?kj [kjhnus] okgu [kjhnus] i;ZVuds fy, Hkh cSadksa ls dtZ fnyok,] ij vc tcfd yksxksa ds ikl jkstxkj ugha gSrc os vius cSad dtsZ dh fd'r dSls pqdk,a!vkfFkZd fodkl dh vlfy;r ;g jgh fd ;g ,d rjQ rks tehuksa] [kfutksa vkSjJe dh ywV ij [kM+h gqbZ Fkh vkSj nwljh rjQ yksxksa esa tks lEiUurk fn[kkbZ nsjgh Fkh] og okLro esa dtZ ls [kjhnh x;h lEiUurk FkhA;g rks vHkh dh fLFkfr gSA ekeyk rks vHkh vkSj fcxMus okyk gSA yksxksa dkfo'okl viuh ljdkjksa esa ?kV jgk gSA ljdkj eanh vkSj vkfFkZd ladV ds uke ijtudY;k.kdkjh vkSj ukxfjdksa ds fy, t:jh cqfu;knh t:jrksa ij fd;s tkus okyslkoZtfud O;; dks de dj jgh gSaA blls vlarks"k Hkh iui jgk gS-------ij fQjHkh uhfr cuk, okys ;gh dgrs gSa fd uo&mnkjoknh vkSj HkweaMyhdj.k dh uhfr;kadh leL;kvksa dks gy djsaxhA os ekuus dks rS;kj ugha gSa fd ckj&ckj vkus okyk;g ladV iwjh nqfu;k esa jktuhfrd&vkfFkZd&lkekftd vfLFkjrk vkSj vlarks"k dksfodjky :i ns nsxkAvc rd ge ;g ekurs Fks fd fo'o cSad vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k tSls foÙkh;laxBu dsoy Hkkjr tSls ns'kksa dks gh lkgwdkj dh rjg ls nckrs gSa] ij vc rksmuds ,d cxy esa ;wuku gS] rks nwljs cxy esa lkbçl] teZuh ij Hkh ladV gSvkSj Ýkal ij HkhA HkweaMyhdj.k] vkt dk HkLeklqj gSA ;g fdlh ij gkFk j[krsle; ;g ugha lksprk fd mls 'kfä'kkyh gksus dk ojnku fdlus fn;k FkkA ogHkLe djrs le; dksbZ HksnHkko ugha djrkA og mUgs lcls igys u"V djrk gS] tksmlds lcls djhc gSaA vkSj mlds lcls djhc gSa iwathoknh] vehj vkSj fodflrns'k!ifjfLFkfr;ka ;gh gSaAuhfr;ka lgh gSa ;k xyr];g fu.kZ; vki djsa!7

2- mifuos’kokn vkSj vFkZO;oLFkkmifuos’kokn dk xzg.k AAAmifuos’kokn dk lQj 17oha 'krkCnh ls ’kq: gqvkA fons’kh 'kfDr;ksa us Ikgys Hkkjr dh vkarfjdlÙkk dks le>uk 'kq: fd;kA muds vkilh fookn] lkekftd HksnHkko dk Qk;nk ysrs gq, O;kikjdks LFkkfir fd;kA 1612 esa fczfV'k daiuh dh igyh dksBh lwjr esa LFkkfir gqbZA ;gha ls Hkkjrds O;kikj ij vaxzsth xzg.k yxuk 'kq: gks x;kA ;g xzg.k vc rd yxk gqvk gSA fczfV’kO;kikjh Hkkjr esa iSnk gksus okys elkys] lwrh vkSj js’keh diM+s vkSj ltkoVh lkeku fczVsu vkSj;wjksih; ns’kksa esa ys tkdj csprs FksA'kq:vkrh nkSj esa Hkkjr dks bldk Qk;nk feyrk Fkk] D;ksafd Hkkjr ls fu;kZr gksus okyk lkekuT;knk gksrk FkkA vk;kr dh t:jr ugha FkhA blhfy, fons’kh O;kikfj;ksa dks T;knk [kpZ djukiM+rk FkkA ;gh otg Fkh fd mUgksaus Hkkjr dh jktuSfrd lRrk ij Hkh dCtk tek;k rkfd ,slhuhfr;ka cukbZ tk ldsa] ftlls Hkkjr T;knk fons’kh lkeku vk;kr djs vkSj fu;kZr gksus okyslkeku ij ls reke 'kqYd&dj gVk, tk ldsaAHkhrj gh iuirk gS mifuos’kokn dk "kM;a=l=goha 'krkCnh esa bZLV bafM;k daiuh ,sls gh Hkkjr vkbZ FkhA og Hkkjr ls eyey] dikl]js'ke] uhy] elkys vkSj cgqewY; /kkrq,a udn Hkqxrku djds [kjhnrh FkhA caxky ds uokcfljktqnkSyk vkSj bZLV bafM;k daiuh ds jkcVZ Dykbo ds chp Iyklh dk ;q) gqvkA ;g tax eSnkuesa de vkSj dwVuhfr ds eSnku esa T;knk yM+h xbZA bl yM+kbZ dk ,d rF; ;g gS fd fczfV’kdaiuh us uokc ds lkFk yM+kbZ gh ugha yM+h] cfYd uokc fljktqnkSyk ds lsukifr ehj tkQj dkslsuk ds ,d cM+s fgLls ds lkFk daiuh esa feyk fy;kA vkSj nwljk rF; ;g fd ml le; dslcls cM+s O;kikfj;ksa esa ls ,d txr lsB us vge "kM;a=dkjh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ FkhA txr lsBnqfu;k ds dbZ ns'kksa esa O;kikj djrk FkkA mldk ekuuk Fkk leqæh jkLrksa ij fczfV'k daiuh dkfu;a=.k mlds fy, equkflc jgsxkA blfy, mlus daiuh ds lkFk vius fj’rksa dks etcwrcuk;kA txr lsB vkSj mlds lkfFk;ksa us vius vkfFkZd fgr ns[ks vkSj ns'k ds fgrksa dks nkao ijyxk fn;kA bl rjg l=goha 'krkCnh esa Hkkjr O;kikfjd vkSj vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa ds dkj.k gh fczVsudk xqyke cukAIyklh esa geus D;k [kks;k1757 esa Iyklh dk ;q) thrus ds ckn daiuh Hkkjr esa ,d jktuhfrd 'kfDr cu xbZA vaxzstksaus cqudjksa ij ncko Mkyk fd os de nke ij daiuh dks eky cspsaA blds vykok cqudjksa rFkkdkjhxjksa dks ck/; fd;k x;k fd os Hkkjrh; O;kikfj;ksa ds fy, dke u djds dEiuh dsdkj[kkuksa esa dke djsaA 1765 esa dEiuh dks caxky dh nhokuh ;kfu jktLo olwy djus dkvf/kdkj izkIr gqvkA vc vaxzstksa us ekyxqtkjh rsth ls c

us caxky esa 8A17 yk[k ikSaM dh ekyxqtkjh olwy dh Fkh tks 1793 esa c

jtuhike nRrk us ,y,p tSDl ¼n ekbxzs’ku vkWQ fczfV’k dSfiVy½ ds gokys ls fy[kk ^fczfV’kiwathifr;ksa ds bl 'kks"k.k ls fganqLrku esa ckj&ckj vdky iM+us yxsA 19oha lnh ds iwokZ)Z esalkr ckj vdky iM+k] ftlesa dqy ianzg yk[k yksx ejsA nwljh vksj blh lnh ds mRrjk)Z esa 24ckj vdky iM+k] ftlesa [kqn ljdkjh vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj nks djksM+ yksx ejsA* yxHkx Ms

ykxw dj nhA teZuh us 1879 vkSj Qzkal us 1881 esa O;kikj ds fy, ,sls 'kqYdksa dh O;oLFkkcuk yh] ftlls os vius lalk/kuksa] jkstxkj vkSj ns'k&lekt dh t:jrksa dks vklkuh ls iwjk djldrs FksAmUgksaus le> fy;k Fkk fd eqDr O;kikj dk jkLrk dsoy xqykeh dh fn'kk esa tkrk gSA rc dsoyfczVsu vkSj Hkkjr gh eqDr O;kikj dh uhfr ij py jgs FksA fczVsu blfy,] D;ksafd mls viusm|ksxksa dks pykus ds fy, dPpk eky pkfg, Fkk vkSj m|ksxksa ds mRiknu dks [kikus ds fy,cktkj HkhA Hkkjr blfy, bl uhfr ij pyk D;ksafd og fczVsu dk xqyke FkkAMkW- euhyk pdzorhZ us mifuos’koknh uhfr;ksa vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dk xgu v/;;u fd;k gSA pdzorhZds vuqlkj mUuhloha 'krkCnh esa Hkkjr ls —f"k mRikn] vukt] vQhe] dikl] twV] frygu]elkys vkfn dk ;wjksi vkSj mÙkjh vesfjdk dks fu;kZr gksrk Fkk A blds ,ot esa fczVsu Hkkjr dksvius ;gk¡ ls lwrh diMs+ vk;kr djus ds fy, ck/; djrk FkkA blls ns'k dk lwrh oL= m|ksxrgl&ugl gks x;kA ;g m|ksx Hkkjr ds O;kikj] dyk vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dh /kqjh Fkk] ftls fczVsuus rksM+ fn;kApdzorhZ fy[krh gSa] egkRek xka/kh fczfV’k uhfr;ksa dks vPNh rjg ls le>rs FksA ;gh dkj.k Fkkfd mUgksaus pj[ks vkSj [kknh dks viuk lw= ladsrd cuk;kA blh nkSj esa diMs+ dk oSf'od cktkjc

ubZ vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa ds rgr Hkh ;gh jgk gSA /ku dh rjyrk ds uke ij ljdkj ,slh uhfr;kacuk jgh gS] ftlls yksxksa ds ikl u rks viuh cpr gks] u gh lalk/kuksa ij dksbZ fu;a=.k gksAnwljs fo'o ;q) us Hkkjr dks xgjh pksV nhA rc nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa ;q) esa gksus okyk iwjk [kpZHkkjr dh ljdkj dks ogu djuk iM+k] ;g jde Fkh 130 djksM+ ikmaMA gesa 1946 rd fczVsudks ;g jde pqdkuh iM+hA12

3- vktknh! fdruh vktkn\ckacs Iyku 1944 % 'kks"kd vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dh tM+[kqys cktkj dh Hkwfedk dks r; djus okyh uhfr;ka ubZ ugha gSaA budk ,d yack bfrgkl gSA ;sO;oLFkk T;knk ugha rks de ls de rhu 'krkCnh dh rks gks gh pqdh gSA gkykafd vkt tks ?kVjgk gS] mldh tM+sa lh/ks&lh/ks chloha 'krkCnh ds igys fgLls esa [kksth tk ldrh gSaA :l dhØkafr us ;g crk fn;k fd 'kks"k.k vkSj Je dh nklrka ls eqfDr rHkh laHko gS] tc jktuhfrdlÙkk] vFkZO;oLFkk ij etnwj] mRiknd vkSj mu lcdk fu;a=.k gksxk] ftudk 'kks"k.k gksrk jgk gSAHkkjr ij Hkh :l dh Økafr dk xgjk çHkko iM+k] D;ksafd ;g ns'k u dsoy Je vkSj lalk/kuksadh fczfV'k ywV ls çHkkfor Fkk] cfYd tehankjh vkSj lkearoknh O;oLFkk yksxksa dks dpksV jgh FkhApqukSfr;ka ,d ugha cfYd dbZ FkhaA Lora=rk Hkh pkfg, Fkh vkSj ;g Hkh r; djuk Fkk fd dSlkns’k cukuk pkgrs gSa% jkt'kkgh] xzke Lojkt] vkS|ksfxd ns'k] fodsanzh—r O;oLFkk] [ksr&fdlkudasfær O;oLFkk] çR;{k ;k çfrfuf/k yksdra= bR;kfnAHkhrj ,d [kycyh rks FkhA bl nkSjku igyk fo'o;q) gqvkA fczVsu fdlh Hkh dher ij viukvkfFkZd] jktuhfrd lkezkT; cuk, j[kuk pkgrk FkkA blfy, mlus Hkkjr ds vkfFkZd lalk/kuksa dslkFk&lkFk yk[kksa yksxksa dks viuh rjQ ls ;q) esa /kdsy fn;kA gkykafd O;oLFkk rks cnyus dksrS;kj FkhA fo'o;q) ds ifj.kkeLo#i fczVsu cM+s dtZnkj ns'k ds :i esa mHkjus yxkA mldsT;knkrj fons'kh fuos'k Mwc x, vkSj cktkj esa mlus viuh lk[k [kks nhAiwath dk vesfjdh #>kuHkkjr vkSj fczVsu ds chp lÙkk lehdj.k cnyus yxsA Hkkjrh; iwathifr vkSj m|ksxifr lh/ksvesfjdk ds iwathifr;ksa ls laca/k cukus yxsA vesfjdk us gokbZ tgkt vkSj vkWVkseksckby ds iqtksZads dkj[kkus Hkkjr esa yxkus 'kq: dj fn,A bu ij vesfjdh iwath vkSj çca/ku dk lh/kk fu;a=.kFkkA vesfjdk esa Hkkjrh; m|ksxifr;ksa dk vk;ksx LFkkfir gks x;k] tks vesfjdh daifu;ksa ds fy,mRiknu dk cktkj LFkkfir dj jgk FkkA Hkkjr esa LFkkfir m|ksxksa esa rS;kj Hkkjh midj.kksa vkSje'khuksa dh ekax c

fd;k Fkk] rkfd fons'kh daifu;k¡ vk,a vkSj tc os MkWyj esa [kpZ djsa rks Hkkjr esa mldh dherT;knk vkadh tk,A vesfjdh daiuh tc 1000 Mkyj [kpZ djrh gSa] rc mls Hkkjr esa 50 gtkj:i, dh lsok,a feyrh gSaA blfy, os Hkkjr tSls ns'k esa fuos'k djrh gSaA mUgsa vesfjdk esa ,ddeZpkjh dks 3000 Mkyj osru nsuk iM+sxk] ijarq Hkkjr esa mUgsa bl jkf'k esa 10 yksxksa dk Jefey tkrk gSAigyk fo'o;q) [kRe gksus ds lkFk gh O;kikj 'kqYdksa esa deh vkSj [kqys cktkj dh uhfr dhiSjoh gksus yxhA Hkkjr esa m|ksx c

l ;kstuk ds fuekZrkvksa us nl vjc :i, dk dk;ZØe cuk;k] ftlesa ls 44-8 çfr'krfgLlk m|ksxksa ds fy, j[kk x;kA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd vxys 15 o"kksaZ esa —f"k mRiknu dksnksxquk vkSj vkS|ksfxd mRiknu dks ikap xquk djuk gksxkA blls ml oDr dh 117 :i, dhçfr O;fä vk; dks vxys 15 o"kksZa esa nksxquk djds 234 :i, fd;k tk ldsxkA ;g IykudqN ewy ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks le> ugha ik;kA tSls] oSf'od Lrj ij iwathokn tkjh jgsxk vkSj Hkkjrds cktkj ds laca/k varjkZ"Vªh; cktkj ds lkFk dSls jgsaxsA bldk lgh fo'ys"k.k ugha fd;k x;kA;g ,d ,slh vFkZO;oLFkk [kM+h djuk pkgrk Fkk] ftlesa ljdkj ds lalk/ku yxsa ij mRiknu ijHkkjr dh futh daifu;ksa ;k iwathifr;ksa dk gh jgsA blesa ;g Hkh Li"V ugha Fkk fd Hkkjr dslcls detksj rcds dks Åapk LFkku dSls feysxkA mldk mRiknu vkSj cktkj ds lkFk lekurkdk laca/k dSls LFkkfir gksxk vkSj LFkkuh; cktkj esa mldh gSfl;r D;k gksxhAmRiknu vkSj egaxkbZckacs Iyku dks cukus okyksa us vFkZO;oLFkk ds foLrkj dh laHkkoukvksa ij foLrkj ls ckr dh Agkykafd os ;g Hkwy x, fd ns'k&nqfu;k esa dqy mRiknu c

nks lekt % vktkn gq, ij uhfr ugha cnyha,d rjQ rks mifuos'koknh 'kklu O;oLFkk us gesa rkdroj ukSdj’kkgh dk migkj fn;kA rks nwljhvksj jktuhfr ij iwathokfn;ksa ds ncko us ljdkj dks [ksrh] xkao ds ckjs esa de gh lkspus dsfy, çsfjr fd;kA fiNys Ng n'kdksa esa ljdkj dHkh Hkh [kqydj ;g dgrs gq, lkeus ugha vkbZfd leku vkSj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk lHkh dk gd gSA lHkh dks vPNh LokLF; lsok,a feysaA;gh dkj.k jgk fd xkao vkSj oafpr rcdksa ds fy, ges'kk nks;e ntsZ dh lsokvksa dk çko/kkufd;k x;kA HksnHkko vkSj NqvkNwr ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl dh uhfr;ksa dk Hkhrjh pfj= cu xbZAgesa ;g ekuuk gksxk fd vkt dh vFkZO;oLFkk] mifuos'koknh nkSj dk foLrkj gh gSAvktknh ds ckn gesa ftl nklizFkk dks m[kkM+ Qsaduk Fkk] geus mls gh xys ls yxk;kA ns'k dsvkfFkZd fodkl dh uhfr;ka mUgksaus cukbZ tks fczfV’k ;k vesfjdy 'kklu 'kSyh ls izHkkfor FksAmuls Hkkjr ds fodkl ds fy, ,d ekuoh;] Hkkjrh; utfj, dh mEehn djuk csekuh FkkAckEcs Iyku dk v/;;u Li"V djrk gS fd ns'k ds Hkhrj dk futh {ks= varjkZ"Vªh; dkWiksZjsV~l vkSjiwathokfn;ksa ls laj{k.k dh vis{kk ljdkj ls dj jgk FkkA og ns'k ds Hkhrj dh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSjckTkkj esa vius çHkqRo dks c

4- O;oLFkk dks vius gkFk ysus dh j.kuhfrvkSifuosf’kd fodsanzhdj.kHkkjr esa lÙkk ds fodsanzhdj.k dh ckr vusd eapksa ij vkSj cgqr T;knk gksrh gSA ge D;k ekursgSa] bl 'kCn dk ;kuh fodsaæhdj.k dk vFkZ\ fodsanzhdj.k 'kCn vk;k] dsaæh;dj.k ds lkFkA ;fndsUæh;dj.k ugha gksrk rks fodsaæhdj.k dh t:jr D;kas gksrhA LokHkkfod gS] tc O;oLFkk ijfdlh dh lÙkk vkbZ gksxh rHkh ml lÙkk esa fdlh vkSj fd Hkkxhnkjh tSlh ckr vkbZ gksxhAfcydqy-----dsUæh;dj.k dbZ rjg dk gqvkA Kku dk] vFkZ dk] jktuhfr dk] lalk/kuksa dk] lÙkkdk] dkuwu dk------D;ksafd dqN yksx vkSj dqN oxZ O;oLFkk ij viuk fu;a=.k pkgrs FksA vkt Hkhpkgrs gSaA os izd`fr ls feys lalk/kuksa tSls taxy] tehu] [kfut inkFkZ] ikuh ij viuk dCtkpkgrs FksA vkt Hkh pkgrs gSaAoSls rks Hkkjr esa xkao vkSj jkT; dh O;oLFkk esa rhu gtkj o"kZ ls T;knk igys ds ,sls çek.kfeyrs gSa] tc lekt viuh cukbZ gqbZ O;oLFkk esa jgrk FkkA og O;oLFkk dgha ckgj lsvk;kfrr ugha FkhA ml nkSj ds ckjs esa igyh ckj 1200 bZlk iwoZ ds çek.kksa esa ;g lanHkZfeyrs gSa] ftueas Lokcyach] Lo'kkflr xkao ds ckjs esa ftØ fd;k x;k gSA bls ml nkSj esaiapk;r lHkk dgk tkrk Fkk] ftlesa ikap yksx pqus tkrs Fks------bUgsa [kwc 'kfDr;ka feyh FkhaAdk;Zdkjh] U;kf;d] dkuwuh] vkfFkZd-------lHkk ,d lfØ; O;oLFkk FkhA og tehu ck¡V ldrs Fks]djksa dk laxzg.k dj ldrs Fks] rc yksx jkT; dks mldk fgLlk nsrs Fks] rkfd jkT; vius dkedj ldsA vkt fLFkfr ;g gS fd jkT; lc dqN bdV~Bk djrk gS] fQj xk¡o&iapk;r dks ,dfgLlk nsrk gSAeryc] ,dne mYVh O;oLFkkAlkearokn vkSj daiuh dk izHkqRoe/;dky esa tkfrokn] lkearokn dk çHkko c

VwVh xkao dh O;oLFkkokLro esa bZLV bafM;k daiuh vius fczfV’k lkezkT; dks foLrkj nsus ds edln ls gh Hkkjr vkbZFkhA mlds ek/;e ls gh fczfV'k ljdkj dk Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ij fu;a=.k gqvkA daiuh usle> fy;k fd ;fn Hkkjr dks vius lkezkT; dk fgLlk cukuk gS rks blds xk¡o dh O;oLFkkdks rksM+uk gksxkA mls rksM+us ds fy, O;oLFkk dks vius fu;a=.k esa ysuk gksxkA blds fy, u,fu;e vkSj dkuwu cuk, tkus yxsA,d vFkZ esa fczfV'k jkt esa] pwafd mUgsa iwjs jkT; ij fu;a=.k djuk FkkA u, lÙkk ds

ykMZ es;ksu dk 1870 esa fodsaæhdj.k ij ?kks"k.kk i= vk;kA blesa dgk x;k fd LFkkuh;laLFkkvksa dks T;knk vf/kdkj fn, tk,aA blds ckn 18 ebZ 1882 dks ykMZ fjiu dk ?kks"k.kki= vk;k] ftlesa uxjh; {ks=ksa dks vf/kdkj nsus dh ckr dgh xbZ FkhA 1907 esa jkW;ydeh'ku ¼lhbZ,p gkscgkml½ us Hkh xzkeh.k fodsaæhdj.k dh odkyr dhAeksaVsX;w&psElQksMZ ¼1919½ us çkarh;

vuqPNsn 244 ds rgr Hkkjr ds vkfnoklh cgqy bykdksa esa mu leqnk;ksa dks Lok;Ùkrk vkSjfo'ks"kKrk ds eku ls fo'ks"k LFkku nsrs FksA bl vuqPNsn ds rgr ikapoh vuqlwph ds mica/k¼ftleas vle] es?kky;] f=iqjk vkSj fetksje dks NksM+dj½ fdlh Hkh jkT; ds vuqlwfpr {ks=ksa vkSjvuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa ds ç'kklu vkSj fu;a=.k ds fy, ykxw gksrs gSaA blhesa NBoha vuqlwph gS]tks vle] es?kky;] f=iqjk] vkSj fetksje ij ykxw gksrh gSAikapoh vuqlwph ds rgr çns'kksa vkSj ns'k esa tutkrh; {ks= igpku dj jkT; esa tutkfr ifj"kn~dk xBu gksxkA blesa jkT;iky vkSj jk"Vªifr dh dsaæh; Hkwfedk gksxhA NBh vuqlwph ds jkT;ksa esaftyk] çknsf'kd ifj"knksa dk xBu gksxk] mUgsa Lo'kklh çns'k ekuk tk,xkA ijarq ;g csgn [kjkcn’kk esa gSA jkT; ljdkjksa us bls dksbZ roTtks ugha nhAiapk;rh jkt ¼vuqlwfpr {ks=ksa rd foLrkj½ vf/kfu;e 1996] dkxtksa ij gh!blds ckn iapk;rh jkt ¼vuqlwfpr {ks=ksa rd foLrkj½ vf/kfu;e 1996 cukA ;g vkfnokfl;ksavkSj muds {ks=ksa esa mUgsa viuh ijaijkvksa] laL—fr] lalk/kuksa] fooknksa ds fuiVkjs ds ckjs esa mudhviuh O;oLFkk dks ekU;rk nsrk gSA tehu] taxy ij vf/kdkj nsrk gS] blds eqrkfcd ;gt:jh gS fd Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k ls igys xzke lHkk ls vuqefr yh tk,] blds fcuk vf/kxzg.klaHko ugha gSA os viuh cktkj O;oLFkk cuk ldrs gSaA mUgsa lHkh lkekftd ;kstukvksa vkSjljdkjh laLFkkvksa ij fu;a=.k dk vf/kdkj gksxkA gkykafd 15 o"kZ xqtj tkus ds ckn Hkh vktrd bl dkuwu ds fu;e ugha cusAHkkjr tc vktkn gqvk rc gj xkao ds lalk/kuksa] taxy] tehu] ikuh vkSj vkthfodk dkys[kk&tks[kk ftyk Lrj ij nLrkost d{k esa j[kk tkrk FkkA ;g gj tkudkjh ckftc&my&vtZfuLrkj i=d] ekStk iath esa ntZ gS] ij lalk/kuksa ij fu;a=.k djus dh ea'kk ls mu reketkudkfj;ksa ;k nLrkostksa dks njfdukj dj fn;k x;kA leqnk;ksa dh tehu vkSj lalk/kuksa ijjkT; us gh dCtk dj fy;kA ;g t+jk le>us dh ckr gS fd tc lalk/kuksa ij ljdkj us [kqndCtk tek fy;k rks xkao viuh vFkZO;oLFkk dks dSls cuk, j[krkA vc ,d gh [kkaps esa ns'kdh ,d tSlh uhfr curh gS] gekjh ljdkj iwath vkSj iwathokfn;ksa ls vkfRed :i ls çHkkforgSA ml fLFkfr esa vkfFkZd ladV uke dk rwQku Åij ls pyrk gSA gj xkao ds Åij Nk tkrkgSA blds foijhr ;fn ge viuh fodsaæhdj.k dh O;oLFkk dks cuk, j[k ikrs rks gj xkao dsikl viuh uhfr gksrh vkSj mls ykxw djus dh {kerk HkhANg yk[k xkao ,d lkFk csjkstxkjh vkSj Hkq[kejh ds ladV esa ugha QalrsA dqN xkao ladV esagksrs] ftUgsa ladV ls fuiVus esa jkT; enn djrk ij vc rks [ksr esa D;k cks;k tk,xk] dkSulk dhVuk'kd Mkyk tk,xk] blls ysdj okrkoj.k esa rSj jgh lapkj dh fdj.kksa rd lcdqN mljkT; ds v/khu gS] tks dsoy iw¡th esa fo'okl j[krk gS] ftldk lalk/kuksa ds lkeku forj.k esadksbZ fo'okl gS gh ughaA tks ;g ekurk gS fd lcdqN ljdkj dk gS vkSj leqnk; ;k yksxblds fdjk,nkj gSaA ;g lcdqN dkuwu cukdj fd;k x;kA ikuh] [kkuk] nokbZ] i;kZoj.k] gok]lcdqN ds fy, dkuwu cus gSaA vkSj gj dkuwu ckj&ckj ;kn fnykrk gS fd jkT; loksZifj gS vkSjyksx lcls uhpsAO;oLFkk dk ;g :i dgka ls vk;k lksfp,!20

5- iwath dh jktuhfrfo’o cSad dk tUe1940 ds n'kd esa nqfu;k ds T;knkrj ns'k mifuos'kokn ls ;k xqykeh ls eqDr gks jgs FksALora= gksus ds ckn mu ns'kksa dks vius fodkl dk rkuk&ckuk Hkh cquuk FkkA os [kqys cktkj dhuhfr;ksa ls Hk;Hkhr Hkh FksA rc fodflr ns'kksa us fo'o;q)ksa ds dkj.k gqbZ rckgh ls nqfu;k dksmckjus ds uke ij varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; laLFkkuksa ds LFkkiuk dh j.kuhfr viukbZA fo'o cSad lfgrikap laLFkkuksa dh LFkkiuk gqbZA bu foÙkh; laLFkkuksa us nqfu;k ds iwathokfn;ksa ds çfrfuf/k ds :iesa dke fd;kA os u, Lora= jk"Vªksa dks vius cktkj [kksyus ds fy, çsfjr djus dk dke djjgs FksA csgn j.kuhfrd rjhds ls bUgksaus v/;;uksa] 'kks/k] nLrkosthdj.k] çf'k{k.kksa ds lkFk&lkFk_.k] vkfFkZd lgk;rk ds tfj, ns'k ds LFkkuh; cktkjk ij dCtk 'kq: dj fn;kA igys mRiknuds rjhdksa] fQj lalk/kuksa ij viuk fu;a=.k djds cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds v/khu djokuk 'kq: djfn;kA5041 fons’kh daifu;ka] fdruh iwath xbZ !ges'kk ls ;g rdZ fn;k tkrk jgk fd blls fodkl ds fy, iwath vk,xhA vkt rd gekjs iklbl ckr dk dksbZ izek.k ugha gS fd brus lkyksa esa muls fdruh iwath vkbZ A fdruh gekjs gkFkls pyh xbZA tc vktkn feyh Fkh rc 126 fons'k daifu;ka vkbZ Fkha tks vc c

vkSj iwath fons'kh fuos'k vkSj futh {ks= dh daifu;ksa ls gh vk ldrh gSA 1949 rd Hkkjr esa126 fons'k daifu;k¡ vk xbZaAfons’kh daifu;ksa dk fuos’k vkSj equkQkfczfV'k&gkySaM dh daiuh ;wfuyhoj us 1933 esa fgUnqLrku yhoj ds uke ls 33 yk[k :i, dkçkjafHkd iw¡th fuos'k fd;kA blds ckn os viuh dksbZ iwath ysdj ugha vk,A mUgksaus lcdqN ;ghals tqxkM+k vkSj viuk O;kikj c

uk leiZ.k ugha fn[kk;kA dkaxzsl us blds fy, okenyksa ds fojks/k rks nwj mldh leFkZuokilh rd dh fpark ugha dhAvesfjdk ;gha ugha FkekA mlus Hkkjr dks vius [kqnjk cktkj fons'kh daifu;ksa ds fy, [kksyus dsfy, ncko cuk;kA Hkkjr dh ljdkj muds ncko esa jgrh gS] rks bls ekuuk rks Fkk gh] ij ;gHkh ugha gks ik;kA Hkkjr ds djksM+ksa fdjkuk O;kikjh vkSj vU; jktuhfrd ny bldh f[kykQr esamrj vk,ALFkk;h lnL;rk dk ek;ktkyvktdy ekgkSy ;g fd tks gesa ;kuh Hkkjr dks egk'kfDr dg ns] ge mlds lkeus ureLrdgks tkrs gSA ;fn vksckek dgsa fd Hkkjr vc fodkl'khy ugha gS] og rks 'kfDr'kkyh jk"Vª cupqdk gSA blds ckn rks 'kk"Vkax ç.kke djuk gh ,dek= fodYi cprk gS] mudk /kU;okn djusdk! ij ;g rks lkeus dh ckr gS] vksckek Hkkjr dh rkjhQ djds ladV ds u, cht t:j cksx,Aog viuk dke djds ;g crk x, fd gekjh viuh ljdkj detksj vkSj le>kSrkoknh gSAblds ,tsaMs Hkh lkQ ugha gSaA bl ij iwath[kksjksa dk dCtk gks pqdk gSA vksckek bl /kkSal dslkFk Hkkjr ds nkSjs ij jgs fd Hkkjr vesfjdk ds yksxksa ds jkstxkj vkSj fodkl ds volj Nhujgk gSA og rks mu jkstxkj ds voljksa dks ysus vk, gSa] ij gekjs ç/kkuea=h lkSE;rk ls gh dglds fd ugha] ge vkids jkstxkj ugha Nhu jgs gSaA gekjh ljdkj us fdlh elys ij ;g ,dckj Hkh ugha dgk fd feLVj vksckek vkidh ckr lgh ugha gSAHkkjr vius fy, gj dher ij la;qDr jk"Vª lqj{kk ifj"kn esa LFkkbZ in ikus ds fy, fiNys ikaplkyksa ls vesfjdk dh v?kksf"kr xqykeh lh gh djrk jgkA ;kn jgs fd NksVs vkSj vis{kk—rdetksj Ms

Lkkewfgd ywV % vksckek dh oanuk;g o"kZ 2010 ds mifuos’k dh dgkuh gSA fnokyh ij xSj&ftEesnkjkuk O;ogkj djus dslkFk&lkFk gekjk ehfM;k vesfjdk ds jk"Vªifr vksckek dh pj.k oanuk esa yx x;kA og ckj&ckj;g crkuk pkgrk Fkk fd vksckek gh Hkkjr ns'k vkSj Hkkjr ds lekt ds [ksougkj gSaA iwathoknvkSj csgn xM+cM+ vFkZO;oLFkk ds dkj.k csjkstxkjh&Hkq[kejh dh gkyr esa igqap jgs vesfjdk dsyksxksa ds fy, O;kikj vkSj jkstxkj ryk'kus ds fy, vksckek Hkkjr vk,A mUgksaus vglku trk;kvkSj ;gka ls MskSrk djrs gSa]ftlls ;gka Hkw[k] xjhch rks c

ij [kuu ds fy, midj.k [kjhnus esa 641 fefy;u MkWyj dh enn djsxk ;kfu dtZ nsxk][kq'k er gksb,! fjyk;al dks ;g dtZ dsoy vesfjdk dh gh daifu;ksa ls midj.k [kjhnus dsfy, fn;k tk jgk gSA vc tjk O;kikj dh dqfVyrk nsf[k,A ,d rjQ rks bl rjg ds le>kSrsls vesfjdk dh daifu;ka ykHk dek,axh rks ogha nwljh vksj ogka ds cSadksa dks Hkh Hkkjr dslalk/kuksa ls [kwc ykHk dekus dk ekSdk fey jgk gSA;g rks dsoy dwVuhfrd O;kikj dh ckuxh Hkj gSA gesa ;g tku ysuk pkfg, fd 2002 ls2009 ds chp vesfjdk ls Hkkjr dks gksus okys fu;kZr dh jkf'k 4-1 fcfy;u MkWyj ls pkjxquk c

l lky ds var rd ,d yk[k xkao vkbZVhlh ds bZ&pkSiky ds dCts esa gks x,A eryc ;gfd ogka /khjs&/khjs eafM;ksa dk vfLrRo [kRe gks tk,xkA blds ckn ;g futh O;oLFkk [ksr vkSjfdlkuksa dh n'kk&fn'kk r; djsxhA ;g Hkh xoZ ds lkFk crk;k x;k fd vkt isIlh daiuh 80gtkj fdlkuksa ds lkFk vuqca/k [ksrh ¼;kuh tks daiuh pkgs og fdlku ls mxok,½ dj jgh gSAMwikSa u,&u, gk;fczM cht ykdj nslh chtksa dks iwjh rjg ls [kRe djus dh vksj c< jgh gSAblh lky bl daiuh us /kku vkSj eDdk ds 16 u, chtksa dks cktkj esa mrkjk gSA gj u;kcht fdlku dks daiuh vkSj mlds reke mRiknksa ij fuHkZj cukrk gSA eksckby] fMftVyrduhdksa] fQYeksa vkSj çf'k{k.kksa ds lkFk&lkFk ;s dEifu;ka vc ;qok fdlkuksa dks xgjs rdçHkkfor dj jgh gSa] rkfd vxyh ih

6- vk/kqfud vkfFkZd ladV ekus!ge vkt ,d ckj fQj foÙkh; vkSj vkfFkZd ladV ds nkSj ls xqtj jgs gSaA u, vkfFkZd lq/kkjksavkSj [kqyh vFkZO;oLFkk dh uhfr;ksa dks ykxw gq, 20 o"kZ gks x, gSaA LokHkkfod gS fd ml ijcgl Hkh 20 o"kksaZ ls fujarj tkjh gSA vkt ds ladV dks dqN [kkl lanHkksaZ esa ns[kk tk ldrkgSA lcls vge ckr ;g gS fd fodkl dks o`f) nj ds lkis{k j[kk x;kA ;g LFkkfir djus dhgj laHko dksf'k'k gksrh jgh fd ;fn ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa ckSrs ds rgr ;g r; djfy;k x;k Fkk fd le>kSrs esa 'kkfey ns'k O;kikj dks [kksysaxs] djksa vkSj 'kqYdksa esa deh djsaxs]fons'kh fuos'k ;k futh fuos'k dks çksRlkfgr djus okyh uhfr;ka cuk,aaxs ¼ ftuesa vc cgqjk"Vªh;daifu;ksa dks taxy] tehu] ikuh] mtkZ vkSj lqj{kk nsuk 'kkfey gS½A ;g Hkh rHkh r; gks x;kFkk fd futh {ks= dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy, ljdkj —f"k] lkekftd lqj{kk] LokLF;] f'k{kk]mtkZ] bZa/ku] ifjogu] tSls {ks=ksa ls vius vkidks ckgj fudkysxhAblh le>kSrs ds rgr 1991 dk nkSj lkeus vk;kA 2011 esa vçSy esa Hkkjr ljdkj us —f"kds {ks= esa vuqla/kku] chtksa ds O;kikj] moZjd O;kikj] lfgr [ksrh dh iwjh O;oLFkk dks çHkkfordjus okys {ks=ksa dks 100 çfr'kr fons'kh fuos'k ds fy, fcuk fdlh cgl ds [kksy fn;kA bldkeryc ;g gS fd fdlku ds vius vuqla/kku vkSj laj{k.k dk vc dksbZ egÙo ugha gSAblds ckn uoacj 2011 esa [kqnjk ;k QqVdj O;kikj esa Hkh fons'kh fuos'k dks vuqefr ns nhxbZA Hkkjr esa 1-21 djksM+ QqVdj fdjkuk LVksj gSaA vHkh buls 350 fcfy;u MkWyj ¼175[kjc :i,½ dk lkykuk O;kikj gksrk gSA Hkkjr ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa bldk ;ksxnku 14Qhlnh dk gSA vc bl O;kikj esa okyekVZ] dkjsQksj vkSj esVªks tSls egkdk; O;kikjh vk tk,aaxsA27

okWyekVZ dk lkezkT;tjk okyekVZ dk gh mnkgj.k nsf[k,A bldk lkezkT; nqfu;kHkj esa 85 djksM+ oxZ QhV tehu ijgSA ;fn Hkkjr dks ,d bdkbZ ds :i esa j[kk tk, rks irk pyrk gS fd bruh tehu ij Hkkjresa ,d QqVdj O;kikjh yxHkx 150 oxZQhV tehu dk mi;ksx djrk gS] bl fglkc ls okyekVZus ftruh tehu ij dCtk fd;k gqvk gS] mrus ij 56 yk[k yksx O;kikj dj ldrs gSaA ognqfu;k ds 20 ns'kksa esa yxHkx 40 çfr'kr O;kikj djrk gS] ijarq dsoy vkB yk[k yksxksa dksjkstxkj nsrk gSA og lh/ks cMs+ mRikndksa ds lkeku [kjhnrk gS] ftlls chp esa Fkksd O;kikj djusokyksa dk dke [kRe gks tkrk gSAblds dkj.k LFkkuh; Lrj ij NksVs vkSj fofo/krk okys O;kikjh [kRe gks tkrs gSaA ,dkf/kdkjLFkkfir djds og dqN [kkl czkaM~l dks gh çksRlkfgr djrk gSA [kqnjk O;kikj esa fons'kh fuos'k dsdkj.k nw/k okys] Qsjhokys] gyokbZ tSls is'kksa ls tqMs+ lk

; ugha gS fd tks y{; r; fd, x, gSa] os gkfly gks gh tk,aaxsA ;kfu dgha ifj.kkeksa ds çfrtokcnsgh ugha FkhAfoÙkh; çca/ku% rc ;g r; fd;k x;k fd ljdkj viuh foÙkh; çca/ku dh uhfr cnysxhAftldk edln gksxk&lalk/ku ;k /ku ogha [kpZ djuk tgka ls ykHk gksA foÙkh; cnykoksa dklcls igyk eryc ;g Fkk fd cSadksa ij ls ljdkj dk fu;a=.k de gks vkSj futh cSadksa dksdkjksckj djus ds fy, [kqyk ekgkSy fn;k tk,A nwljk eryc ;g fd ljdkj ,sls enksa ij vius[kpZ de djs] ftuls ykHk ;k jktLo ugha feyrk gks vkSj dsoy [kpZ gksrk gksA ljdkj pkg jghFkh fd mldk forh; ?kkVk de gks ;kfu mldh vk; vkSj O;; ds chp varj de gksA bldkvlj ;g gqvk fd ljdkj us lkekftd fodkl] f'k{kk] LokLF;] lkekftd lqj{kk tSlh enksa ijgksus okys [kpZ esa dVkSrh djuk 'kq: dj fn;kA ;kfu lq/kkjksa dk lh/kk vlj yksxksa ij iM+uk r;FkkA blh uhfr ds dkj.k egaxkbZ Hkh c

lh ds lkFk

;wa pyh dCts dh izfdz;kHkkjr ljdkj dh uhfr Fkh ?kjsyw m|ksx vius iSjksa ij [kMs gksa vkSj Hkkjr dk ?kjsyq ckt+kj Hkhet+cwr gksA bl nkSj esa tks lcls cM+k ifjorZu vk;k og Fkk ljdkj dk nk;jk vkSj n[kyc

nsrh ij ifjfLFkr;ksa ds eqrkfcd+ mldk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ckt+kj dh bl mBkiVd esa vkeyksx [kwc fiLrs gSaA mUgs ;g liuk fn[kk;k tkrk gS fd /ku dh cpr djus ls ykHk ugha gS]viuh cpr dks 'ks;j cktkj esa yxk nks] ogka dqN dh eghuksa esa vkidk /ku nksxquk gks tk,xkAliuksa ds bl O;kikj us 1990 ds n'kd ds e/; esa iwjs Hkkjr dks fgyk dj j[kk fn;k FkkAg"kZn esgrk uke ds liuksa ds lkSnkxj us vufxur yksxksa dh 2 yk[k djksM+ :i, dh dekbZdks ,slk xk;c fd;k vc rd mlds lw= ugha fey ik jgs gSaA m#Xos ds tkus&ekus ys[kd,MqvkMksZ xSfyuks us viuh fdrkc vksiu osful vkQ ysfVu vesfjdk esa fy[kk fd ^^gekjh gkjesa ges'kk fdlh vkSj dh thr fufgr gS] gekjh lEiUurk ls nwljksa dks laiUu cukrs gh geviuh xjhch dks iSnk djrs gSa & blh ls lkezkT; vkSj mlds ikyd Hkh iSnk gksrs gSaA**dtZ+nkj fodkl1970 ds n'kd esa fodkl vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, tks uhfr;ka viukbZ tk jgh Fkha] os oSf'oddtZ ladV ds QyLo#i 1982 ls VwVrh gqbZ fn[kkbZ nsus yxhaA geus igys dgk fd ftl rjgdh fodkl dh uhfr;ka ge viuk jgs Fks] mUgs ykxw djus ds fy, cgqr /ku vkSj lalk/kuksa dht:jr FkhA ;s lalk/ku fczVsu ljh[ks ns'kksa us nqfu;k ds dbZ ns'kksa dks xqyke cuk dj gkflyfd;s Fks vkSj lkeus fn[kus okyk fodkl fd;k FkkA ,slk fodkl Hkkjr tSls ns'k dSls djrs\ rksmUgksus vesfjdk vkSj fczVsu ljh[ks fodflr vkSj iwathoknh ns'kksa ds [kwc dtZ+ fy;kA bu ns'kksa usHkh dtZ+ nsus esa dksbZ vkukdkuh ugha dh] D;wafd os tkurs Fks fd ;g rjhdk muds lkezkT; dksu;k thou nsxkA fodkl'khy ns'k muds dtZ+nkj gks tk;saxs rks bu ns'kksa dh uhfr;ksa dks osvklkuh ls çHkkfor dj ldsaxs vkSj muds lalk/kuksa dk 'kks"k.k Hkh gksrk jgsxkA vesfjdh dkaxzsldh fons'k ekeyksa dh çfrfuf/k lfefr us viuh fjiksVZ esa fy[kk fd ^^gesa mu ns'kksa dks lgk;rknsrs jguk pkfg,] tks fodkl djus ds mRlqd gSaA dsoy blh çfØ;k esa lgHkkfxrk djds gemuds fodkl dh ,slh js[kk [khap ik;saxs tks gekjs fgrksa dh csgrj lqj{kk dj ldsA**;kuh dt+Z dh uhfr;ksa us fodkl ;k o`f) dk ekgkSy cuk, j[kkA vc tjk dt+Z dh usdh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA dt+Z nks rjg dk gS & vkarfjd dt+Z vkSj ckgjh dt+Z( ,d O;kikjh tc ns'kdh Hkhrj gh fdlh laLFkk ls dt+Z ysrk gS] mls vius O;kikj esa yxrk gS vkSj blls mls tksykHk gksrk gS] mlls og r;'kqnk C;kt ds lkFk pqdrk tkrk gSA dt+Z ysus ls igys mldkvkadyu lkQ+ jgrk gS fd tks jkf'k mlus ewy/ku ds :i esa yh gS] C;kt ds ckn mls fu/kkZfjrvof/k esa fdruh jkf'k pqdkuh gksxh og viuk dtkZ mlh eqæk esa pqdrk gS] ftl eqæk esa mlusdj fy;k FkkA ;gh ckr lcls egRoiw.kZ gS & mlh eqæk esa dt+Z pqdkuk; ;fn og O;kikjh fdlhfons'kh lzksr ls dt+Z ysrk rks mls mlh eqæk esa dt+Z pqdkuk gksxk] ftl ns'k ls mlus dt+Z fy;kgSA ;fn fons'kh eqæk dk dt+Z mls vius O;kikj esa fodkl dk volj nsrk] mldh iw¡th c

Hkkjr ds ldy ?kjsyq mRikn dk 17A8 çfr'kr dks Hkkjh dt+Z ds :i esa gh gSA Hkkjr ds iklfons'kh eqæk dk dqy Hk.Mkj 311A5 fcfy;u Mkyj gSAHkkjr tSls fodkl'khy ns'kksa us dt+Z rks fy;k ijUrq os mls pqdkus dh fLFkfr esa ugha FksA vkSjpw¡fd nqfu;k esa Mkyj esa gh O;kikj T;knk gks jgk gS] mlh esa dt+Z fy;k&fn;k tk jgk gS] bllsnwljs ns'kksa dh eqæk rqyukRed :i ls det+ksj gksrh x;hA blls dt+Z dk Hkkj van:uhvFkZO;oLFkk ij c

lfy, ;g lkspk x;k fd T;knk yksxksa dks blls dSls tksM+k tk,A yksxksa dh Ø; {kerk bruhrks gS ugha fd os dkj [kjhn ldsa] edku [kjhn ldsa ;k fons'kksa esa Nqfê;k¡ eu ldsa; rc futhdtsZ dks laLFkkxr :i nsus dh uhfr viukbZ x;hA ;kuh cSad yksxksa dks dtkZ nsaxs rkfd osckt+kj esa iSlk Mkysa vkSj yEcs rd mls pqdkrs jgsaA blls nks Qk;ns gq, & ckt+kj dks miHkksäkfeys vkSj mRiknd dks xzkgdA blh çfØ;k esa daifu;ksa vkSj iwathoknh lewgksa dks Hkh cSadksa dsek/;e ls dtZ+ fn;k tkrk gS rkfd os vius dkjksckj dk vkSj foLrkj djsaA rdZ ;g gksrk gS fdu;h oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dk ykHk nqfu;k ds T;knk ls T;knk dksus esa iagqpkuk gS rkfd yksxmudk ykHk mBk ldsaA fiNys 20 o"kksaZ esa cSadksa us cM+h&cM+h daifu;ksa dks Hkkjh ek= esa dtZ fn;kij os dEifu;k¡ mUgs ;k rks pqdk u ldha ;k fQj lqfu;ksftr rjhds ls Mdkj x;haA bllsliuksa dks csapus okyk 'ks;j ckt+kj Hkh /kMke ls fxj iM+k vkSj vke yksxksa dk mles fuos'k fd;kgqvk /ku Hkh Mwc x;k] tks /ku cSadksa us ckaVk Fkk og ;k rks ljdkjksa dk iSlk Fkk ;k fQj yksxksadh tekiw¡thA dqy feyk dj yksxksa] foÙkh; laLFkkvksa] cMs&cMs dkiksZjsV~l vkSj ckt+kj lc dksbZbl eanh ds tky esa Qal dj jg x,A ckdh lc rks ?kkVh esa jgs ij dkiksZjsV~l vkSj vkS|ksfxd?kjkus Qk;ns esa gh jgs] mUgksus eanh esa Hkh ykHk dek;k & tks fd iwathoknh fodkl nj dk y{;gSAbu fLFkfr;ksa ls mcjus ds fy, dqN ckgjh çksRlkguewyd ç;kl fd;s tkrs gSa] tSls daifu;ksa dkscSy vkmV iSdst nsuk] ;kuh mUgs vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsuk ;k djksa esa [kwc jkgr nsukA 19 oha'krkCnh esa tc lM+dksa dks cukus] jsy ds jkLrksa dk fuekZ.k] tgkt+ vkSj canjxkg cukus ds fy,[kwc fuos'k fd;k x;k vkSj blds ckn Hkh fuos'k dh [kwc laHkkouk,a Fkha ij ,d le; ij ;gfLFkfr cuh Fkh fd vc muds mi;ksx ds fy;s /ku cpk dgk¡ gSAblds ckn 20 oha 'krkCnh esa NksVs dkiksZjsV~l us Hkhedk; :i ysuk 'kq: fd;k vkSj ,dkf/kdkjdh O;oLFkk vkuk 'kq: gqbZA cMs iw¡th fuos'k dk eryc Fkk fuos'k ls dgha xquk T;knk Qk;nkvftZr djukAcSafdax vkSj vkS|ksfxd iw¡th ,d :i gksus yxha vkSj blls ckt+kj esa ,d rjg lsfoÙkh; iwathokfn;ksa dk u;k mPp vkSj vfHktkr oxZ [kM+k gks x;kA chloha 'krkCnh dh 'kq#vkr esa;g loky Fkk fd dkSu ls {ks=ksa esa fuos'k fd;k tk, tgk¡ ls T;knk Qk;nk gksA T;knk Qk;nsdh ifjHkk"kk us ;g Hkh fl[kk;k fd viuh ykxr de djuk gS rks u;h rduhdsa ykvks vkSjyksxksa ;kuh ekuo Je dks de ls de djksA blls ykxr de gksxhA ;g ,d u;h leL;kcuuh gh FkhA ,d rjQ rks mRiknu c

tSls tsV ok;q;ku ;k bysDVªksfud midj.kksa dk fuekZ.k] u, gfFk;kjksa vkSj ;q) rduhdksa esa T;knkfuos'k; ;q) dks vFkZO;oLFkk dks lqæ

djsaxsA xzhl dks 130 fcfy;u ;wjks ds cSy vkmV iSdst ds fy, m/kkj dh t:jr gSA bldsfy, mls osru] isa'ku] vkSj ljdkjh lsokvksa esa vius [kpsZ dks de djuk gksxk rHkh mls fdlhHkh varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; laLFkk ls dtZ+ fey ik;sxkA bldk eryc gS fd mls yksxksa dks csjkstxkjdjuk gksxk vkSj LokLF;] f'k{kk vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk ij fd;s tkus okys O;; dks de djukgksxkAxzhl dk rks dsoy ,d mnkgj.k gSA vHkh nqfu;k esa laiUu ekus tkus ns'kksa & bVyh] iqrZxky]Lisu] teZuh Hkh blh rjg dh fLFkfr esa gSaA oLrq fLFkfr ;g gS fd os ns'k] ftuds Åij ckgjhdtkZ muds ldy ?kjsyq mRikn ds vuqikr esa T;knk gks pqdk gS] mUgs xgjs ladV esa ekuk tkrkgSA xzhd iqrZxky vkSj vk;jysaM ,sls gh ns'k gSa vkSj ;gk¡ csjkst+xkjh dh nj 14 çfr'kr gks pqdhgSA;g nqfu;k fodflr] fodkl'khy vkSj vYi fodflr ns'kksa dh rhu Jsf.k;ksa esa ckaVh tkrh jgh gSAbu Jsf.k;ksa dks gesa u, lUnHkZ esa ns[kus dh t:jr gS rkfd irk py lds dh fodflr ns'kksadh vkfFkZd lEiUurk dk eryc D;k gS\ nqfu;k esa laiUu ekus tkus okys ns'kksa esa 'kkfey ns'kksadh lwph esa ;s ns'k gSa & xzhl & ldy ?kjsyq mRikn gS 303 fcfy;u Mkyj ij dtkZ gSa & 489 fcfy;u MkyjA ,dO;fä ij dtkZ gS 35874 Mkyj( bVyh & ldy ?kjsyq mRikn gS 2-2 fVªfy;u Mkyj ij dtZ+ gS & 2-54 fVªfy;u Mkyj] ,dO;fä ij dtZ+ gS 38384 Mkyj( vk;jysaM & ldy ?kjsyq mRikn gS 217 fcfy;u Mkyj ij dtZ+ gS 225 fcfy;u Mkyj] ,dO;fä ij dtZ+ gSa 43222 Mkyj( iqrZxky & ldy ?kjsyq mRikn gS 239 fcfy;u Mkyj ij dtZ+ gS 257 fcfy;u Mkyj] ,dO;fä ij dtZ+ gSa 17911-94 Mkyj( csfYt;e & ldy ?kjsyq mRikn gS 514 fcfy;u Mkyj ij dtZ+ gS 479 fcfy;u Mkyj] ,dO;fä ij dtZ+ gSa 40373A07 Mkyj(vesfjdk & ldy ?kjsyq mRikn gS 15-13 fVªfy;u Mkyj ij dtZ+ gS 12-8 fVªfy;u Mkyj],d O;fä ij dtZ+ gSa 37952 Mkyj( Ýkal & ldy ?kjsyq mRikn gS 2-76 fVªfy;u Mkyj ij dtZ+ gS 2-26 fVªfy;u Mkyj] ,dO;fä ij dtZ+ gSa 35648 Mkyj( teZuh & ldy ?kjsyq mRikn gS 3-56 fVªfy;u Mkyj ij dtZ+ gS 2-79 fVªfy;u Mkyj] ,dO;fä ij dtZ+ gSa 28728 Mkyj( fczVsu & ldy ?kjsyq mRikn gS 2-46 fVªfy;u Mkyj ij dtZ+ gS 1-99 fVªfy;u Mkyj] ,dO;fä ij dtZ+ gSa 32207 Mkyj( tkiku & ldy ?kjsyq mRikn gS 5-88 fVªfy;u Mkyj ij dtZ+ gS 13-7 fVªfy;u Mkyj] ,dO;fä ij dtZ+ gSa 87600 Mkyj(buds vykok csfYt;e ij 40373 Mkyj] MsuekdZ ij 23488] Lisu ij 21972] vkbLkysaMij 41793 Mkyj dukMk ij 36898 Mkyj çfr O;fä dtZ+ gS vkSj ;s lHkh ns'k laiUu ns'kekus tkrs gSaAçfr O;fä dtZ+ ds ekeys esa tkiku ij Hkkjr ls 120 xquk T;knk] vesfjdk ij Hkkjr ls51 xquk T;knk] xzhl vkSj Ýkal ij Hkkjr ls 50 xquk T;knk] vesfjdk ij Hkkjr ls 51xquk T;knk dtZ gSA ij ftUgs fodkl'khy ns'k ekuk tkrk gS muds gkyr de ls de fnokfy;k36

gksus ds rks ugha gh gSaA Hkkjr esa ,d O;fä ds Åij 722-82 Mkyj dk dtkZ gS vkSj gekjsÅij ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk yxHkx 54 çfr'kr fgLls ds cjkcj dtZ+ gSA phu ij 709 Mkyj]felz ij 2035 Mkyj vkSj bfFkvksfi;k ij 115-91 Mkyj dk dtZ+ gSA vkt phu nqfu;k esa,d rjg ls mHkj pqdh u;h rkdr gSA vkSj mldh rkdr ds ihNs ,d cM+k dkj.k gS ml ijdtZ+ u gksukA blls mldh vFkZO;oLFkk T;knk larqfyr vkSj lqjf{kr cu tkrh gSA phu ij 1-09fVªfy;u Mkyj dk dtZ+ gS] ijUrq ;g dtZ+ mlds ldy ?kjsyq mRikn dk dsoy 17-4 çfr'kr gS]tcfd Hkkjr ij 927 fcfy;u Mkyj dk dtZ+ gS tks Hkkjr ds ldy ?kjsyq mRikn dk 55çfr'kr gSA ;g fLFkfr gesa iw¡th ckt+kj ds lkeus >qdus vkSj

ks dqN ns'k bl lewg ls ckgj fudy tk;saxs ;k fQj ladV ls fuiVus dh j.kuhfr ds :i esamUgs ;wjks t+ksu ls ckgj fudky fn;k tk,xkAtSls fd ge ;g dgrs jgs gSa fd okLro esa ;g ladV vkfFkZd fodkl ds ml cqycqys ds QwVusdk ladV gS tks iwathoknh fodkl dh lksp ij Qqyk;k x;k FkkA ;g xqCckjk ckj&ckj QwVrk jgkgS vkSj ladV ds cgko esa dbZ vFkZ O;oLFkkvksa dks vius lkFk cgk dj ys tkrk jgk gSA ;wjkst+ksu dk ladV Hkh ;gh gSA ;wjksi ds ns'k] ftUgs irk gS fd ;wjks t+ksu ds cus jgus ds dkj.k ghos bl ladV dk lkeuk dj ldrs gSa] bl dksf'k'k esa gSa fd vHk de ls de nqfu;k vkSjfoÙkh; laLFkkvksa ds lkeus viuh lk[k cpkbZ tk,A blhfy, teZuh vkSj Ýzkal Hkjld dksf'k'kdj jgs gSa fd xzhl] Lisu vkSj iqrZxky tSls ns'kksa dks foÙkh; ladV ls mcjus ds fy, gj laHkoenn nh tk, rkfd ;wjks t+ksu VwV uk tk,A;gh dkj.k gS fd xzhl dks ladV mckjus ds fy, 130 fcfy;u ;wjks dh enn tqVkus esa;wjksfi;u deh'ku vkxs vk jgk gSA Hkkjr dks Hkh bu ns’kksa us rS;kj dj fy;k fd Hkkjr HkhvarjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k dks T;knk enn nsA Hkkjr esa Hkh csjkst+xkjh vkSj Hkq[kejh gS] lkekftddk;ZØeksa ij ljdkjh [kpZ de fd;k tk jgk gS] ijUrq Hkkjr ds ç/kkueU=h us ;wjksi ds ladVds gy ds fy, 10 vjc Mkyj ;kuh yxHkx 55 gt+kj djksM+ :i, ds ;ksxnku dh ?kks"k.kk djnhA;g ckr Hkh lkQ+ gS fd oSf'od foÙkh; laLFkk,a tSls varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k vc Hkh vk'oLr ughagSa fd ;wjks t+ksu bl ladV ls mckj ik;sxk] blfy, og ladVxzLr ns'kksa ij vius [kpksaZ dks dedjus dh T;knk 'krsaZ ykn jgh gSaA teZuh vc bl igy ls nwj Hkh gks x;k gSA blds nwljhrjQ ladV ds uke ij ljdkjksa us vke yksxksa ij fd;s tkus okys vius [kpZ esa Hkkjh dVkSrhdjuk 'kq: dj fn;kA ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd fiNys 2 o"kksaZ esa ;wjksih; ns'kksa us yksd dk;ZØeksaij 550 fefy;u Mkyj dk O;; de dj fn;k gSAbldk vlj LokLF;] f'k{kk] lkeftd lqj{kk vkSj jkst+xkj dk;ZØeksa ij iM+kA vc yksxksa dks but:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, vius [kkrs ls T;knk [kpZ djuk iM+ jgk gSA blls yksx viuhgh ljdkjksa ds f[kykQ xqLls ls Hkj jgs gSaA mudk fo'okl vius dh çfrfuf/k;ksa ij ls mB jgkgSA ;g vkfFkZd ladV dbZ jktuhfr loky Hkh [kMs dj jgk gSA ;wjksi ds ns'kksa us vius vkfFkZdvkSj foÙkh; fgrksa dks ns[krs gq, ,d eqæk viukus dk fu.kZ; fy;k FkkA fcuk jktuhfrd,dhdj.k ds eqæk ds ,dhdj.k dk fu.kZ; vc xyr lkfcr gks jgk gSAvc rd ge ;g ekurs Fks fd varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; laLFkku vkSj cMs dkiksZjsV~l dsoy fodkl'khyns'kksa dks gh nckrs gSaA o"kZ 2007 ds ckn mHkj dj vk;s vuqHko crkrs gSa fd bu lewgksa us;wjksih; ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa ij Hkh

nhokfy;k gks tkus dk [krjk iSnk gks x;kAifj.kkeLo#i cSafdax ladV dh fLFkfr iSnk gks x;hvkSj ljdkjksa dks muds fy, Hkh cSy vkmV iSdst vkSjvkfFkZd lgk;rk dh O;oLFkk dh dh ftEesnkjh ysukiM+hA;wjksi ds ladV ds ek;us 1jktuhfrd vFkZO;oLFkk dks ljyrk ls le>krs gq,ledkyhu fo"k;ksa ds ys[kd vkuan ç/kku dgrs gSa fd;g lkQ+ gS fd ;wjksi ds vkfFkZd&foÙkh; ,dhdj.k dkuo mnkjoknh çkstsDV ladV esa gSA ;g flQZ ;wuku ;kLisu ;k iqrZxky tSls ns'kksa dk ladV ugha gSa cfYd;g iwjs ;wjksih; la?k vkSj foÙkh; iwathokn dk ladVgSA foÙkh; iwathokn ds fgrksa dks vkxs c

usr`Ro gks ;k vesfjdh usr`Ro ;k fQj th&20 ns'kksa dk jktuhfrd usr`Ro] dksbZ bl lPpkbZ dksLohdkj djus dks rS;kj ugha gSA mYVs blij inkZ Mkyus dh dksf'k'k gks jgh gSA urhtk ;g gksjgk gS fd bl ladV ds fy, ,d vksj tgk¡ [kqn ladVxzLr ns'kksa dks mudh vkarfjd vkfFkZddetksfj;ksa vkSj xMcfM;ksa ds fy, ftEesnkj Bgjk;k tk jgk gS] ogh¡ nwljh vksj] lek/kku dsukeij mUgha uhfr;ksa dh dM+oh ?kw¡V muds xys mrkjus dh dksf'k'k gks jgh gSA vk'p;Z ugha fdblls ladV vkSj xgjkrk vkSj QSyrk tk jgk gSA vly esa] ;wjks {ks= ds uhfr fu;ark ns'kksa[kkldj teZuh vkSj vfHktkr 'kkld oxZ esa ;wuku tSls ladVxzLr ns'kksa dks ltk nsus dk Hkkovf/kd gSA xks;k bl ladV ds fy, os vdsys ftEesnkj gksaA ;g lp gS fd ;wuku vkSj cgqr gnrd Lisu ds ekStwnk vkfFkZd&foÙkh; ladV ds fy, ewyr% bu ns'kksa dk Hkz"V jktuhfrd usr`RovkSj mldk yqVsjs dkjiksjsV {ks=&foÙkh; laLFkkvksa ds lkFk xBtksM+ ftEesnkj gSAysfdu blls cM+k lp ;g gS fd bu ns'kksa dk Hkz"V jktuhfrd usr`Ro mUgha uo&mnkjoknh vkfFkZduhfr;ksa dks tksj'kksj ls vkxs c

l QthZokM+s ds mtkxj gksus ds ckn ls ;wjks {ks= ds çHkko'kkyh ns'kksa vkSj eqæk dks"k&oky LVªhVds çfrfuf/k;ksa dh vksj ls ;wukuh jktusrkvksa vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ykur&eyker 'kq: gks xbZ]xks;k bl lcds fy, os vdsys ftEesnkj gksaA ;gh ugha] vR;f/kd jktdks"kh; ?kkVs vkSj ljdkjhdtZ dk lkjk Bhdjk ;wukuh turk ij QksM+k tkus yxk fd os dke ugha djrs ysfdu mudhru[okgsa cgqr T;knk gSa] muds lkekftd lqj{kk dk;ZØeksa ij O;; cgqr vf/kd gS vkfn&vkfnAtkfgj gS fd ;g lc ;wuku dks fn, cpko iSdst ds cnys esa mlij Fkksis x, fdQk;r'kkjhmik;ksa dks tk;t Bgjkus ds fy, x

dhA bruk gh ugha mUghus fcØh dj esa Hkh 3 çfr'kr dh o`f) dj nh] ftlls miHkksäkvksa dkekfld [kpkZ c

lkfjl dgrs gSa fd lkbçl dh cSadksa dks xzhl dh cSadks dh rjg gh tks iwath ns'k ls ckgj xbZrh mls okil ykus dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg, FkhA ysfdu lkfjl dgrs gSa fd ljdkj us xM+cM+dj nhAogha ns'k ds ekStwnk foÙk ea=h oklksl f'k;kjyh lkbçl dh foÙkh; ladV dk nks"k ,d nwljh ns'kij e cSBsaxs dh vki :l esa gSaA lM+dksa ij :lh Hkk"kk] jsLrjka esa:lh [kkuk] :lh ukbVDyc vkSj 35 fMxzh dh xehZ esa Hkh ,slh nqdkusa fn[k tk,axh tks Qj dsdksV csp jgs gSaA :l us lkbçl dks

7- lhekvksa ls ijs uo&mifuos'koknvc nqfu;k u, iwathoknh oxZ dk foLrkj gksrs ns[k jgh gSA bl ubZ O;oLFkk esa jkT;&jk"Vª dhlhek,a ek;us ugha j[krh gSaA blesa ,d ns'k nwljs ij HkkSfrd :i ls dCtk ugha djrk] og rkslalk/kuksa] Je vkSj fu;ked ;kuh uhfr cukus okys] ij dCtk djrs gSaAHkkjr vc fczVsu dk mifuos'k ugha gSA vc Hkkjr esa gh Hkkjr ds yksxksa dks mifuos'k cukdjj[kus okys oxZ [kM+s gSaA ftl rjg ls ubZ uhfr;ka cukbZ xbZ gSa] mUgksaus fdlkuksa dks daifu;ksa dkmifuos'k cuk fn;k gSA Jfed vc tehu vkSj LFkkbZ laifÙk;ksa dk O;kikj djus okyksa ds xqykegSaA vc vkthfodk dk dksbZ lk/ku LFkkbZ ugha gSA vkt vki vkWVks pykrs gSa] rks iwjh laHkkouk gSfd dy ljdkj fdlh daiuh ds gd esa uhfr cuk, vkSj yXtjh VSDlh ds O;kikj dks c

;g ek;us ugha j[krk fd bu ns'kksa dh lhek js[kk dgka gSAfo’o lekt eapeq>s uoiawthokn dks djhc ls le>us dk ekSdk feykA 2011 ds fo’o lekt eap us fQj dqNu, loky NksM+s gSa] ij iqjkus lokyksa ds tokc vHkh Hkh [kksts tkus dh t:jr gSA pwafd bl ckjge iwoÊ vÝhdk ds ns'k lsusxy esa bdV~Bk gq, Fks] rks LokHkkfod Fkk fd ogka ppkZ ds dsaæ esavÝhdk ds loky gh jgus Fks] tks ge lc ,uthvks O;olkf;;ksa ds fy, cM+s xaHkhj lcd lkfcrgq,A lsusxy dks vÝhdk egk}hi dk ,d laiUure çkar ekuk tkrk gS] ijarq ;gka igyh cM+hlM+d pkj lky igys gh cuh gSA dgk tkrk gS fd lsusxy ds jk"Vªifr us ogka ds ctV dk lclscM+k fgLlk lM+d cukus ij gh [kpZ fd;k gSA ml lM+d ij 40 fdyksehVj pyus ds ckn vki/kwy&/kwlfjr ixMaMh ij vk tkrs gSaAbl ns'k dh jkt/kkuh Mdkj us 6 ls 11 Qjojh 2011 rd fo’o lekt eap dk vk;kstu fd;kFkkA tgka 50 gtkj ls T;knk yksx ,d ubZ nqfu;k cukus ds earO; vkSj fo’okl ds lkFk bdV~Bkgq, ij eq>s 10 o"kksZa esa eap ds cnyrs :i&Lo#i dks ns[kdj nq%[k gqvkAvki bl vk;kstu esa tuvkUnksyuksa ij ,uthvks ds c ugÈ ik;kA mluseq>s njokts ds ikl cqykdj b’kkjk djrs gq, dgk] euh&euh ¼;kuh fj’or½!lsusxy esa igys dne ds lkFk gh ;g esjk izFke vuqHko FkkA eSaus dqN ,slk çnf'kZr fd;k] tSlseq>s dqN le> gh u vk;k gksA eSaus vÝhdk ds ckjs esa ,d /kkj.kk cukuk 'kq: dj nh fd bldkeryc ;g gS fd vÝhdh ns'kksa ds lcls Hkz"V gksus dh ckr fcydqy lgh gSA lp dgwa rks FkksM+k Mjyxuk 'kq: gks x;k FkkA fQj ckn esa irk pyk fd lsusxy gh ugÈ vÝhdk ds dbZ ns'kksa esaljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa esa tqVs gq, yksxksa ¼f'k{kd]jktLo vf/kdkjh] ulZ vkfn½ dks Ng&Ng ekg rd osrugh ugÈ feyrk gSA NksVs Lrj ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds 2&3 ekg dk osru rks xk;c gh dj fn;k tkrkgS] ftlls ;gka Hkz"Vkpkj ds fy, ekdwy okrkoj.k cu tkrk gSA'kklu O;oLFkk ds uke ij dsoy iqfyl gSA tks csgn Mjkous Mhy&MkSy] lSU; os'kHwk"kk vkSj gfFk;kjksads lkFk ut+j vkrh gSA 'kq: esa rks eSa le> ugÈ ik;k fd os xqfjYyk lsuk ds flikgh gSa ;k 'kgjdh iqfylA iqfyl dks ;g :i Hkh ;wjksih; mifuos'kokfn;ksa us gh fn;k FkkA [kklrkSj ij igys vkSj45

nwljs fo’o ;q) ds ckn viuh lŸkk dks et+cwr djus ds fy, iwjh nqfu;k esa ,slk gh fd;k x;kFkkA;g ,d vQlksltud vuqHko Fkk fd vÝhdh ns'k tks fd Hkkjr dh gh rjg mifuos'kokn dsf'kdkj FksA Hkkjr ij fczfV'k dk] rks mu ij Lisu vkSj Ýkal dk fu;a=.k jgkA vc os Hkh vkt+kngks x, gSa] ijarq mudh vkt+knh çR;{k gh ut+j vkrh gS] vçR;{k :i ls vkt Hkh ;wjksi mu ijfu;a=.k j[krk gSA lsusxy ,d eqfLye&vkfnoklh cgqy ns'k gSA bldh ewy Hkk"kk oksyQ gS] ijarq80 Qhlnh ckrphr Ýsap esa gh gksrh gS] ogka ds Ldwyksa esa Ýsap i

le> ik;k fd ge brus nwj dSls gks x,! eSa ;g rks eglwl dj ik;k fd D;ksa egkRek xka/kh usvius lkoZtfud thou dh 'kq#vkr ds fy, vÝhdk dks pquk Fkk] okLro esa ;g dsoy bfrgklvkSj dwVuhfr dk elyk ugÈ gSA ;g rks ekuo lH;rk vkSj balkuh ifjokjksa ds laca/kksa dks jpusvkSj fc[ksjus tSlk ekeyk gSAMdkj ds fo’o lekt eap ds lewps lewg esa yxHkx 50 Qhlnh yksx ;wjksi vkSj 45 QhlnhvÝhdh ns'kksa ds FksA ;wjksi ls vk;k gj çfrHkkxh viuh ckrphr esa ,d 'kCn] dfirkfyLV( ;kuhiwathoknh 'kCn dk mi;ksx t:j dj nsrk FkkA muesa ls gj ,d ds gkFk fnu esa dksdkdksyk dh dsugksrh Fkh vkSj jkr esa cgqr ls yksx ckj dh ikVÊ esa bl vk;kstu dk fo’ys"k.k djrs FksA bl iwjsvk;kstu esa ,d Hkh l= ,slk ugÈ Fkk] ftlesa mifuos'kokn ¼bfrgkl] orZeku vkSj vkus okys½ dsckjs esa ppkZ gqbZ gksAdksbZ mu iqjkus iUuksa dks [kksyus dh fgEer ugÈ tqVk ik;k] ftuesa ;g fy[kk gqvk gS fd lsusxyvkSj mlds tSls vÝhdh ns'kksa dh ;g gkyr dSls gqbZ vkSj fdlus dhA cgjgky dqN yksxksa esavijk/kcks/k t:j Fkk vkSj os dksf'k'k djrs Fks fd VSDlhokys dks fcuk eksyHkko fd, mruk iSlk nsnsa] ftruk og ekax jgk gS] rkfd tks dqN muds iwoZt ;gka ls ys x, Fks] mleas ls dqN ykSVk;ktk ldsA dqN fnu igys gh Ýkal ds jk"Vªifr ljdksth lsusxy x, Fks] tgka mUgksaus cngkyh lseqfDr ds fy, laHkfor mik;ksa ij ckr djrs le; ;g rd dg fn;k fd Ýkal dk mifuos'k cusjgus ds dqN Qk;ns Hkh gSa!uo mifuos'kokn vkSj vÝhdh lektvekuoh;] Hk;adj vkSj nnZukd! vÝhdh ns'k vc uo&fodflr ns'kksa ¼tSls Hkkjr] phu vkfn½ dsmifuos'k cu jgs gSaA ns'k ds tkus&ekus lekt'kkóh vkSj fodkl ds uke ij foLFkkiu ds fo"k;ds tkudkj okYVj Quk±Mhl crkrs gSa fd lgkjk e#LFky ds ns'kksa esa 4 djksM+ gsDVs;j tehu dksvehj] iwathoknh lewg vkSj ljdkjsa gM+ius dh çfØ;k esa gSaA ,d vksj rks bu T;knkrj ns'kksa esarkuk'kkgh gSA yksdra= dk vHkko gS] ogha nwljh vksj thou dh cqfu;knh lqfo/kk,a Hkh yksxksa dsikl miyC/k ugÈ gSaAvÝhdh ns'k lsusxy dh jkt/kkuh Mdkj esa vk;ksftr fo’o lekt eap esa 'kkfey gksus vk,lwMku vkSj dkaxks ds yksxksa us crk;k fd tc mUgksaus csgrj thou dh ryk'k esa iyk;u djusdk fu.kZ; fy;k rks nks o"kks± rd iSny pyrs gq, mUgksaus nqfu;k ds lcls cM+s jsfxLrku lgkjkjsfxLrku dks ikj fd;kA fQj NksVh ukaoksa ls vVykafVd egklkxj ikj djds ;wjksih; ns'kksa esaços'k djus dh dksf'k'k dhA bl dksf'k'k esa dbZ yksx jkLrs esa gh ej x,A dbZ yksx lhek ikjdjds ;wjksi esa Äqlrs gq, idM+ fy, x,AdwVuhfr dh vekuoh;rk nsf[k, fd mu yksxks dks idM+dj fQj lgkjk esa NksM+ fn;k x;kA vcÝkal] bVyh] Lisu tSls ;wjksih; ns'k gj lky yxHkx 10 vjc :i, vÝhdh vkSj e/;&iwoZns'kksa dks ns jgs rkfd ,slh O;LFkk,a dh tk,a fd yksx ;wjksi dh lhek esa u Äql ldsaA fodflrns'kksa dk ;g lewg ekurk gS fd iyk;u djds vkus okys bu yksxksa ds dkj.k mudh Nfo vkSjlalk/kuksa ij udkjkRed çHkko iM+sxkA dhfu;k] ukehfc;k] dkaxks] vYthfj;k tSls ns'kksa ls 10yk[k yksx blh cngkyh ds dkj.k iyk;u djus dks etcwj gks jgs gSa] ij mUgsa vc bldh Hkhvuqefr ugÈ gSA47

mifuos'kokn fodkl vkSj mUufr dk psgjk vks

fd;k x;kA tgka çfr O;fDr ekfld vk; 2000 :i, ls de gks] ogka D;k chekj iM+ukokftc gS!ge Hkh ,d i;ZVd dh rjg bl 'kgj esa Äwers jgs] eksyHkko fd;k ij 9 fnuksa esa bl ns'k ds,d Hkh O;fDr us Åaph vkokt esa ckr ugÈ dhA mUgksaus gekjh ckr dks lquk vkSj iwjk lEekufn;kA mueas dksbZ dqfVyrk vHkh Hkh ut+j ugÈ vkrhA rHkh rks bfexzs'ku vf/kdkjh vkils FkksM+hut+jsa >qdkdj fj’or ekax gh ysrk gSA ugÈ feyus ij eqLdqjk nsrk gS] D;k blls csgrj dksbZlH;rk gks ldrh gS!uLyHksnh mifuos'kokn Hk;kog] fgald vkSj vekuoh; gksrk gSA bldk ,d çek.k Mdkj lsyxHkx 15 fdyksehVj nwj vVykafVd egklkxj esa LFkkfir 5 oxZ fdyksehVj ds {ks= esa QSysxksjs }hi ds :i esa utj vkrk gSA bls nklksa ds }hi ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA ;g {ks= vktds fodflr vkSj laiUu ns'kksa ds lcls djhc gS] blfy, vÝhdk ds reke ns'kksa ls yksxksa dksnkl cukdj yk;k tkrk jgk vkSj bl }hi ij j[kk tkrk FkkA;gÈ ls mUgsa lewgokj xqykeh ds fy, ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk ds vyx&vyx fgLlksa esa Hkstk tkrkFkkA bl }hi ij cuh bekjrksa esa 80 ls 150 oxZQqV ds vkdkj ds dejs cuk, x,] ftuesa15 ls 30 yksxksa dks j[kk tkrkA gj jkst fnu esa dsoy ,d ckj 'kkSp ds fy, ekSdk fn;ktkrkA xanxh esa jgus ds dkj.k ;gka egkekjh QSyh vkSj gtkjksa vÝhdh ekjs x,Adqaokjh yM+fd;ksa ds fy, vyx dejs cuk, x,A tgka dqaokjsiu dh tkap ds ckn yM+fd;ksa dksj[kk tkrk FkkA mUgsa euksjatd 'kks"k.k ds fy, nwljs fgLlksa esa Hkstk tkrkA xHkZorh gksus ds cknmUgsa fdlh vutkus bykds esa NksM+ fn;k tkrk Fkk] pwafd eqfDr dk ;gh ,dek= jkLrk Fkk]blfy, yM+fd;ka tYnh ls tYnh xHkZorh gks tkuk pkgrh FkÈA 14oha vkSj 15oÈ 'krkCnh dsvkl&ikl 300 lkyksa esa vf/k—r vkadM+ksa ds eqrkfcd Ms

8- o`f) vkSj fodkl ds chpeSa] ,d loky fQj ls mBkuk pkgrk gwaA D;k o`f) vkSj fodkl ,d gh ckr gS\ eSa ekurk gwafd nksuksa ckrsa ,d ugha gSaA o`f) gkfly djus ds fy, ge viuh rkdr vkSj lalk/kuksa dk fdlhHkh gn rd tkdj nksgu dj ldrs gSaA ;g egRoiw.kZ ugha gS fd gekjs ekuoh; vkSj yksdrkaf=dewY;ksa dk lEeku gks jgk gS vFkok ugha! o`f) ds utfj, ls ty] taxy] tehu] ikuh vkSj yksxlcdqN vkfFkZd laifÙk gSaAysfdu tc fodkl dh ckr gks rc euq";] euq";rk vkSj yksdrkaf=d ewY; egRoiw.kZ gks tkrs gSaAgekjh ljdkj 'kksd esa Mwc tkrh gS] tc o`f) nj de gks tkrh gSA ge ekurs gSa fd ;fn o`f)nj de gqbZ gS rks bldk eryc gS fd fdlku de cngky gSA de yksx foLFkkfir gq, gSa vkSjyksxksa dks de iyk;u djuk iM+ jgk gSA vHkh ljdkj etcwj gS] de o`f) nj dks Lohdkj djusds fy, ijarq rRij gS] ,slh uhfr;ka ykxw djus ds fy, ftuls vkSj vkfFkZd laifÙk vftZr dhtk ldsAckj&ckj ;g dgk tkrk gS fd ubZ uhfr;ksa ds dkj.k Hkkjr esa o`f) nj esa c

okLro esa Hkkjr dh tula[;k] lalk/kuksa dh çpqjrk vkSj Je'kfDr ds vk/kkj ij nqfu;k dk dksbZcktkj vkSj ljdkj bls utjvankt ugha dj ldrhA vk’p;Z fd bruk lcdqN gksus ds ckn Hkhgeus viuh eqæk dks detksj gh j[kkA bldk vlj ;g gqvk fd cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa us lLrs esagekjs [kfut vkSj çk—frd lalk/kuksa vkSj Je'kfDr dk nksgu fd;kA os blhfy, Hkkjr vkrs gSa]D;ksafd ;gka mUgsa lLrs Jfed fn, tk jgs gSaA tjk lksfp,] tc vesfjdk [kqn eanh dk f'kdkj gS]ogka jkstxkj ugha gSa] [kqn vesfjdh gh mudh uhfr;ksa dk fojks/k dj jgs gSa] blds ckotwn MkWyjds eqdkcys :i, dh dher D;ksa fxjkbZ tk jgh gS\vesfjdk dh vFkZuhfr;ksa ds dkj.k Hkkjr esa fuos'k c

tks isVªksy okLro esa 72 :i, çfr yhVj cspk tkrk gS] mldh okLrfod dher yxHkx 30:i, iM+rh gSA ckdh jkf'k djksa ds :i esa ljdkj ds ikl tkrh gSA bruk gh ugha Hkkjr esa Hkhvks,uthlh vkSj xsy dEifu;ka dPps rsy dk O;kikj djrh gSaA tc dPps rsy ds nke c

fo'o O;kikj] cktkj vkSj cMs+ foÙkh; laLFkkuksa ds çfr Hkkjr dh ljdkj dh çfrc)rk lclsT;knk gSA bruh fd xjhch dh ifjHkk"kk r; djus ls ysdj] f'k{kk] LokLF;] efgyk l'kfDrdj.k]is;ty O;oLFkk rd dh reke uhfr;ka vkSj Kku ds nLrkost varjkZ"Vªh; vdknfed vkSj forh;laLFkku cukrs gSaA ljdkj mUgas f'kjks/kk;Z djrh gSA bu foÙkh; laLFkkuksa dk ikyu&iks"k.k fodflrjk"Vª djrs gSa vkSj mu jk"Vªksa dh 'kklu O;oLFkk ij cM+s&cM+s O;kikfjd laLFkkuksa dk cgqr lh/kkfu;a=.k gSA eryc lkQ gS fd uhfr;ka ,d [kkl oxZ ds fgrksa ds laj{k.k ds utfj, ls cukbZvkSj ykxw dh tkrh gSaAHkw[k dh [ksrh dh uhfr cuke vkfFkZd fodklftl oDr iwjk ns’k fØdsV fo’odi 2011 ds lsehQkbuy vkSj Qkbuy eSp dh [kqekjh esa Mwckgqvk Fkk] ns’k ds iz/kkuea=h] jk"Vªifr] usrk] ea=h] vQljku Hkh mlds u’ks ls ljkcksj Fks] ehfM;k¼ftls vc tufojks/kh vkSj n`f"Vghu eku ysuk pkfg,½ fØdsV ds u’ks esa Mwck gqvk FkkA Bhd mUghapkj fnuksa ds nkSjku Hkkjr dh ljdkj us lexz izR;{k fons’kh fuos’k uhfr] ldqZyj 1&2011tkjh dhA ftlesa d`f"k ds {ks= dks yxHkx iwjh rjg ls 100 izfr’kr izR;{k fons’kh fuos’k dsfy, [kksy fn;k x;kA vc dksbZ Hkh fons’kh daiuh cht] ikS/kksa] Qwyksa] gkVhZdYpj] yksjhdYpj]lfCt;ksa] pk; vkSj e’k:e vkfn ds mRiknu vkSj fodkl esa lh/ks n[ky ns ldrh gSA i'kqikyu]eNyhikyu Hkh vc blesa 'kkfey gSA ljdkj mUgsa vk;kr&fu;kZr 'kqYdksa vkSj vU; djks esafj;k;r Hkh nsxhAos Hkkjr dh cph&[kqph d`f"k laink ¼cht vkSj mRiknu rduhdksa½ ds lkFk iwjk f[kyokM+ djldsaxsA bl uhfr ds fcuk gh lok nks yk[k fdlku vkRegR;k dj pqds gSaA vc ;g nj c

vkt e/;izns’k esa rhu daifu;ksa us 30 izfr’kr cktkj ij dCtk tek fy;k gSA vc ljdkj/khjs&/khjs eaMh O;oLFkk dks [kRe djus dh fn’kk esa c

vc rd cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dks u,] rFkkdfFkr mUur chtksa ;k —f"k rduhdksa dks O;kikfjdmi;ksx esa ykus ;k muds ijh{k.k djus ds fy, gj ekeys esa vuqefr ysuh gksrh Fkh] ij vc;g ,d [kqyk {ks= gks x;k gSA gesa ;g ;kn j[kuk gksxk fd ladV dks geus [kqn vkeaf=r fd;kgSA mlds ckn vius vkidks cckZn djus ds fy, ge mls iqjLd`r Hkh dj jgs gSaA geus Hkh ;gloky ugÈ iwNk fd Hkkjr esa 42 —f"k foÜofo|ky; vkSj 193 —f"k egkfo|ky; gSa] mufoÜofo|ky;ksa us Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa [ksrh ds fodkl ds fy, ftEesnkj Hkwfedk D;ksa ugÈ fuHkkbZA;s D;ksa bZekunkj rjhds ls 'kks/k vkSj ijh{k.kksa dk dke ugÈ dj ldrs Fks] D;ksa ;s chtksa dksmUur djus dh rduhdksa ij dke ugh djrs!;gh dkj.k gS] ftuds pyrs jlk;ueqDr [ksrh Hkkjr ls yqIrizk; gksrh xbZA ,sls esa gesa D;ksa ;gt:jr iM+ jgh gS fd fons'kh daifu;ksa] ftuds ykHk ds vius fufgr LokFkZ gSa vkSj ftuds ckjs esa;g LFkkfir gS fd mudh :fp fdlkuksa ds fgrksa esa ugÈ cfYd vkfFkZd ykHk esa gSA ;s daifu;kackj&ckj ,sls cht fodflr djrh gSa] ftuls gksus okyh iSnkokj ls vxyh cqvkbZ ;k Qly dsfy, mRiknd cht ugÈ fey ldrs gSaA eryc fd gj Qly ls le; ij fdlku dks ,d [k+kldaiuh ds cht [kjhnus iM+saxsA mUgksaus ,slh O;oLFkk Hkh fodflr dj yh gS fd ,d [k+kl daiuhds chtksa ij mlds }kjk cuk, tkus okys dhVuk'kd vkSj moZjd gh çHkkoh gksaxsA eryc lkQ+ gSfd fdlku iwjh rjg ls ,d daiuh dk ca/kqvk gksxkA bl rjg ubZ uhfr esa ljdkj us blca/kqvkiu dh iwjh rS;kjh dj nh gSAljdkj bZekunkj ugÈ gSA blhfy, rks mlus ns'k esa —f"k f'k{kk dks c

[kk| lqj{kk dh O;oLFkk esa ftruk mRiknu dk ra= egRoiw.kZ gS( mruk gh egRoiw.kZ gS] cktkjdk ra=A Hkkjr esa 5A9 djksM+ yksx Hkkstu vkSj Hkkstu ls lacaf/kr lkexzh dk O;kikj djrs gSaAos dsoy ykHk ds fy, O;kikj ugha djrs gSa] cfYd [kk| lqj{kk dh ifjHkk"kk ds egRoiw.kZ fgLls^igqap* dks lqfuf’pr djus esa mudh dsanzh; Hkwfedk jgh gSA vc bl ^cktkj* ij izeq[k HkkstuO;kikj daifu;ka viuk feyk&tqyk ,dkf/kdkj pkgrh gSaA okyekVZ] fjyk;al] Hkkjrh] XysDlks fLeFkdaT;wej gsYFk ds;j] usLys] dsfoudjs] QhYM Ýs’k QwM] MsyeksaVs] cqgyj bafM;k] isIlhdks vkSj dksdkdksyk 'kkfey gSaAcktkj fo’ys"k.k djus okyh ,d daiuh vkj,ulhvks,l dh rktk fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd Hkkstu dkcktkj Hkkjr esa 7A5 izfr’kr dh nj ls gj lky c

t:jrsa iwjh djus ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj dks nksxquk nkeksa ij 53 yk[k Vu vukt vkLVªsfy;k]dukMk vkSj ;wØsu ls [kjhnuk iM+kAfiNys pkj o"kksaZ esa vukt dh [kqys cktkj esa dhersa 70 ls 120 izfr’kr rd c

vkius Bhd gh le>k gksxkA th gka] >qfXx;ksa vkSj QqVikFk ij dke djus okyksa dks foLFkkfirdjdsAbu cktkjksa ls QqVdj cktkj dks lapkfyr djus okyksa ds lkeus thou dk ladV [kM+k gks x;kgS] D;ksafd vc lcdqN ogha feyrk gS] og Hkh fMCckcanA ;kfu rFkkdfFkr xq.koRrk ds lkFkA blO;oLFkk ds tfj, cM+s lewg vc ;g r; djus yxs gSa fd miHkksDrk D;k [kk,aaxs vkSj D;kfi,aaxsA bl lqfu;ksftr O;kikfjd "kM;a= ls fdlku vkSj lekt nksuksa dks ykpkjh eglwl gks jghgSAfdlkuksa ij bldk vlj fn[kus yxk gSA blfy, 48 izfr’kr fdlku ;g dgrs gSa fd nwljkfodYi feyus ij QkSju [ksrh NksM+ nsaxs] D;ksafd vc u rks os dek ik jgs gSa u gh Hkfo"; esalaHkkouk,aa ns[k ik jgs gSa vkSj ljdkj Hkh nq’eu lh gh yxrh gSAvkf[kj esa flQZ bruk gh] fd ljdkj dh uhfr] fdlkuksa dh vkRegR;k vkSj 76 Qhlnh yksxksads Hkw[ks jgus dh fLFkfr ds chp fcYdqy lh/ks laca/k gSaA ,dne Li"V!o`f) nj dks pkfg, [ksrh dh cfygekjh ljdkj thMhih ;kuh ldy Äjsyw mRikn esa 8] 9 vkSj 10 çfr'kr dh o`f) dh rku ijviuk jkx vykirs jgrh gSA muds vkyki dk vkuan ;g gS fd ;g o`f) gkfly djuk cgqrvklku vkSj cgqr [krjukd ,d lkFk gSA cgqr vklku blfy, fd tks dqN Hkh [kjhnk& cspktkrk gS] mlesa /ku dk ysu&nsu gksrk gS] ljdkj ds [ktkus esa Hkh iSlk vkrk gSA ekuk tkrk gSfd yksxksa dh Hkh mUufr gqbZA ftlls iSlk ugÈ vkrk gS] og thMhih ds fy, csdkj gSAckr dks FkksM+k vkSj lkQ djrs gSaAtaxy] tehu] ikuh] [kfut inkFkZ] igkM+ ;g lcdqN gekjs lalk/ku gSaA tc rd taxy cpkgqvk gS] thMhih ugÈ c

isfnd vkSj flfydksfll tSls chekjh ogka iuih vkSj gt+kjksa dh tku yhy yhA rc dgÈ tkdjgesa 9 çfr'kr dh o`f) nj gkfly gks ikbZ gSA blh nkSjku [ksrh esa ;g nj udkjkRed gks xbZ]ftlesa ljdkj dks dksbZ leL;k ut+j ugÈ vkrhA og rks dg gh jgs gSa] yksxksa dks xkao vkSj[ksrh ls ckgj fudkydj bl {ks= ds ;ksxnku dks N% çfr'kr djus dk y{; j[kk gSA [ksrh lsftruk ;ksxnku gksus Hkh okyk gS] mlesa cM+h&cM+h daifu;ksa dks vkus ds fy, njokt+s [kksy fn,x, gSaAblds ihNs ljdkj dk rdZ gS fd blls [ksrh vkSj fdlkuksa dh gkykr lq/kj tk,xhA [ksrh dkstks uqdlku uhfrxr vkSj lqfu;ksftr rjhds ls igqapk;k x;k gS] og cgqr nwj rd vius çHkkofn[kk,xkA tjk bu tkudkfj;ksa ij utj Mkysa%1. psébZ dh dEiuh dsfoudjs 109A50 fefy;u MkWyj dk fuos'k 'khry is;vkSj uedhu fuekZ.k ds fy, dj jgh gSA2. usLys 'kks/k vkSj fodkl ¼[kk| lkexzh½ ds fy, ekuslj esa 50A49 fefy;uMkWyj dk fuos'k dj jgh gSA3. nw/k ds mRiknksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, XysDlks fLeFk fDyu 64A87 fefy;u MkWyjdk fuos'k dj jgh gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd ;gh daiuh gkWfyZDl cukrh gSA4. ;e! jsLVksjsaV~l bafM;k ¼tks fiTTkkgV] ds,WQ+lh] Vsdkscsy tSls jsLVksjsaV~l dhJa`[kyk pykrh gS½] og 100 fefy;u MkWyj dk fuos'k djds 2015 rd1000 jsLVksjsaV~l pkyw djus okyh gSA5. Msy eksaVs vkSj Hkkjrh baVjçkblsl ds lkFk feydj QhYM Ýs'k QwM Hkh 'kks/kvkSj fodkl ds fy, gkslqj] rfeyukMq esa 25A93 fefy;u MkWyj dk fuos'kdj jgs gSaA6. [ksrh ds midj.kksa okyh daiuh cqºYsj bafM;k 22A55 fefy;u MkWyj dh yxrls ,d fuekZ.k bdkbZ yxk jgh gSA bldk VuZ vksoj 2014 esa 225A49fefy;u MkWyj gksxkA bruk Hk;adj ykHk dgka ls vkSj fduls dek;k tkusokyk gS!7. isIlh vxys nks lkyksa esa [kkus&ihus ds O;kikj ij 500 fefy;u MkWyj dkfuos'k djus okyh gSA8. dksdkdksyk dukZVd esa 120A75 fefy;u MkWyj dh ykxr ls ,d ckVfyaxbdkbZ yxk jgh gSAd`f"k O;oLFkk esa dkWikZsjsV fuos’k ds ;s dsoy 8 mnkgj.k gSaA tks 971A54 fefy;u MkWyj ;kuh45A72 vjc :i, dk fuos'k vxys nks lkyksa esa djus okys gSaA ;g fuos'k fdlkuksa] QqVdjO;kikfj;ksa vkSj xkao dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks vkSj xgjk uqdlku igaqpkus dk dke djsxkA59

tjk] ljdkjh iz;klksa dks nsf[k,A ljdkj bu daifu;ksa dks enn djus ds fy, vuqca/k dh [ksrhdks c

Hkkstu vkSj mlls tqM+s mRiknuksa ds ckt+kj ij ,dkf/kdkj djus ds edln ds fy, vdknfedrS;kfj;ka Hkh gSaA 'kks/k] çf'k{k.k] mRiknu vkSj foi.ku ds lkFk&lkFk cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ¼fganqLrku;wuhyhoj] isfIldks] dksdkdksyk] vkbZVhlh] usLys] fczVkfu;k ½ ds vf/kdkfj;ksa&deZpkfj;ksa dks jk"Vªh;[kk| fu;ked bdkbZ ¼Hkkjrh; [kk| lqj{kk vkSj ekud çkf/kdkjh½ ds 8 oSKkfud iSuy ijfu;qDr dj fn;k x;k gSA;gh iSuy [kk| inkFkks± vkSj Hkkstu esa iks"k.k] dhVuk'kd vo;o] foKkiuksa esa fd, tkus okysnkoksa ij ut+j j[kus] fu;e cukus dh ftEesnkjh fuHkkrk gSAvc vki lksfp,] D;k Hkkjr ljdkj ds brus laosnu'khy iSuy dsoy daifu;ksa ds fgrksa dh j{kkdjus dk dke ugÈ djsaxsA lcls cM+k loky ;g gS fd ljdkj ckt+kj dh bu rkdrksa dkfu;eu vkSj fuxjkuh dh vkf/kdkfjd ftEesnkjh dSls ns nsrh gS\61

9- D;k gSa bu uhfr;ksa ds vlj ge ij\LokLF;Hkkjr & Åaph fodkl nj vkSj chekj ns’kHkkjr us LokLF; dks vHkh rd thou ds ekSfyd vf/kdkj dk ntkZ ugha fn;k gSA ge fe'kucukrs gSa vkSj ;kstukvksa ds rgr yksxksa dks LokLF; lsok,¡ nsus dk çko/kku djrs gSaA ;fnlalk/ku u gksrs rks ekuk tkrk fd ljdkj blfy, lHkh dks LokLF; lsok,¡ ugha ns ik jgh gSD;wafd mlds ikl /ku ugha gSA ijUrq Hkkjr ds lUnHkZ esa lalk/ku gSa] {kerk,a Hkh gSa] leqnk;vkSj lekt dk viuk Kku Hkh gS; ij ns'k esa futh {ks= dks c

futh&lkoZtfud Hkkxhnkjh ds uke ij ljdkjh vLirkyksa ds lapkyu dk dke futh {ks= dksfn;k tk jgk gS] blls u dsoy mUgs ¼futh {ks= dks½ Hkkjh tehusa feysaxh cfYd mUgs ,slk {ks=feysxk ftles mUgs ljdkjh lsokvksa ls dksbZ çfrLi/kkZ Hkh ugha djuk iM+saxhA ge ns[k jgs gSa fd10 lkyksa ls yxkrkj ekax dh tk jgh gS fd ns'k esa czkaM ;k daiuh ds uke ls csaph tk jghnokvksa ds LFkku ij tsusfjd nokvksa ;kuh ml nok ds rRoksa ds uke ij yksxksa dks vkS"kf/k;kamiyC/k djokbZ tk,¡ rkfd mUgs eg¡xh nokvksa ls eqfä fey ldsA Hkkjr esa isjkflVkeksy dh 10xksfy;ka ;fn ;g dg dj csaph tk, fd isjkflVkeksy rRo mles gksuk pkfg, rks bldh 10xksfy;ka 3 :i, esa fey tk;saxh] ij ;gk¡ MkDVj daiuh ds czkaMsM uke ls nok,a fy[krs gSa] tksvkerkSj ij 20 ls 30 :i, ;k fQj 40 :i, dh Hkh gks ldrh gSA yxHkx 325 t:jhnokvksa esa ;gh gks jgk gSA ftues nok dEifu;k¡ 100 ls 1000 çfr'kr rd dk ykHk dekrhgSaA nok vkSj LokLF; cktkj ds ncko esa Hkkjr ljdkj bls fu;af=r djus dh eU'k ugha fn[kkik;hA blls daifu;ksa dk Qk;nk tks de gks tk;sxkA bl O;kikfjd utfj, us dsoy daifu;ksadks gh ugha nok cspus okyksa vkSj MkDVjksa dks Hkh tcjnLr Hkz"Vkpkj esa /kdsy fn;k gSAmnkjhdj.k vkSj [kqys ckt+kj dk eryc gS fd ,slk ekgkSy cuk;k tk,xk ftlls futh {ks= dksiuius dk ekSdk feysA mls vius m|ksx yxkus ds fy, lLrh tehu feys] mls de dj nsukiMs] mUgsa de nj ij fctyh vkSj ikuh dh Hkjiwj lqfo/kk,a feysaA o"kZ 1991 ds ckn ls gh ;gr; fd;k x;k fd [ksrh dh vis{kk m|ksxksa dks T;knk lqfo/kk,a feysaxhA o"kZ 1990&91 esaldy ?kjsyq mRikn dk egt+ 1A9 çfr'kr fgLlk [ksrh esa [kpZ fd;k tkrk Fkk] tks o"kZ2003&04 esa vkSj ?kV dj 1A3 çfr'kr ij vk x;kA —f"k esa dsaæ ljdkj dk [kpZ o"kZ1990&91 esa 0A21 çfr'kr Fkk] tks o"kZ 2005&06 esa ?kV dj 0A21 çfr'kr ij vk x;kAblh rjg flapkbZ ij [kpkZ 0A06 çfr'kr ls ?kV dj 0A02 çfr'kr ij vk x;kAtc mnkjhdj.k ds rgr 'kq: fd;s x,

daiuh ml nkok dk mRiknu ugha dj ldsxhA blls dbZ thou j{kd nokvksa ij futh {ks= dhdaifu;ksa dk ,dkf/kdkj LFkkfir gksus yxkA pw¡fd Hkkjr esa Je lLrk gS] ;gk¡ ljdkj m|ksxksa dksfj;k;r ns jgh gSA djksa esa fj;k;r ns jgh gS] blfy, vesfjdk] ;wjksi vkSj vU; laiUu ns'kksa dhdaifu;ksa us Hkkjr dks viuk us fBdkuk cuk fy;kA tuojh 2005 esa Hkkjr ljdkj us MªXlvkSj dkLesfVd ,DV esa cMs cnyko fd;s rkfd Hkkjr ds yksxksa ij nokvksa ds ijh{k.k fd;s tkldsA Hkkjr esa o"kZ nok ijh{k.kksa ds dkj.k 800 ls T;knk yksxksa dh ekSr gqbZA bu ijh{k.kksa ijdksbZ fu;ked vkSj dkuwu fu;a=.k gS gh ughaA ;s ç;ksx xjhc vkSj vkfnokfl;ksa ij gksrs jgs gSaAHkkjr ljdkj ges'kk ut+j j[krh gS fd ns'k dh tul¡[;k fdu gkykrksa esa jg jgh gSA Qjojh2012 esa Hkkjr ljdkj ds jk"Vªh; lkaf[kdh; laxBu ¼jk"Vªh; çfrn'kZ losZ{k.k dk;kZy;½ us Hkkjresa fofHkUu oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa ds ikfjokfjd miHkksx ij ,d fjiksVZ fjiksVZ la[;k 541¼66@1A0@3½] tkjh dhA ;g fjiksVZ crkrh gS fd Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k bykdksa esa ,d O;fä viusthou ij 1053A64 :i, ;kuh yxHkx 35 :i, çfrfnu O;; djrk gSA blesa ls 600A36:i, ;kuh yxHkx 57 çfr'kr [kpZ rks dsoy [kkus dh t:jr dks iwjk djus esa gh gks tkrkgSA tc ge 'kgjh Hkkjr dh rjQ vkrs gSa rks gesa irk pyrk gS fd ;gk¡ yksx 1984A46:i, çfr ekg ;kuh yxHkx 66A14 :i, çfrfnu [kpZ djrk gS( bles ls 880A83 :i,;kuh 44A38 çfr'kr O;; Hkkstu dh t:jr dks iwjk djus esa gks tkrk gSaA isV Hkjuk vHkh Hkhlcls igyk vkSj lcls [kphZyk dke gS rst+h ls c

vLirkyksa dks vius laLFkku [kMs djus ds fy, ljdkj eqr ;k yxHkx ux.; dherksa ijtehu miyC/k djokrh gS vkSj djksa esa NwV nsrh gSA bl fLFkfr esa ;g 'krZ gksrh gS fd ;s futhvLirky viuh dqy mipkj {kerk ds 25 Q+hlnh fgLls ds cjkcj xjhc ifjokjksa dks eqr lsoknsaxs] ijUrq Hkkjr ds cM+s] ukeh fxjkeh vLirky ljdkj ls fj;k;r vkSj lLrh tehusa ysus dsckn bl fu;e dk ikyu djus ls lkQ+ budkj dj ns jgs gSaA bldk eryc ;g gS fdcqfu;knh lsokvksa dk futhdj.k yksxksa ds ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa dks ckf/kr djrk gSA gesa ;g Hkh/;ku j[kuk gksxk fd ftl rjg dh 'kklu O;oLFkk ;kuh xousaZl MsfQflV dk ge lkeuk djjgs gSa] mles oafpr vkSj xjhc rcdksa dks cqfu;knh lqfo/kk,a feyuk yxHkx vlaHko gSA Hkkjr esaLoPNrk ds fy, tyokfgr 'kkSpky; cukus dk cgqr cM+k ljdkjh dk;ZØe gSa ftles bZaVksa dkstek dj pkj nhokjsa cuk;h tkrh gSa vkSj Åij ls ,d Vhu ls doj djus dh dksf'k'k gksrh gS(ij mles ikuh gksxk ;k ugha bldh dksbZ xkjaVh ugha gS D;wafd ikuh&pkgs ihus dk gks ;k fQjnSfud mi;ksx dk( vc mldk futhdj.k fd;k tk jgk gS( blds lkFk gh 130 djksM+ yksxksa dklkykuk ifjogu djus okyh Hkkjrh; jsy nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k [kqyk 'kkSpky; dk;ZØe Hkhpykrh gSAgekjs lafo/kku ds uhfr funs'kd rRoksa esa ;g mYys[k gS fd jkT; yksxksa ds iks"k.k vkSj thouLrj dks csgrj cukus ds fy, uhfr;ka cuk,xk vkSj ykxw djsxkA ekpZ 2012 esa tkjh tux.kukds u, vkadMs crkrs gSa fd vk/kh ls T;knk tula[;k dks ihNs NksM+ dj fodkl dh ,d HksnHkkoçfØ;k fu/kkZfjr dh tk jgh gS vkSj vlekurk ftldk dsUæh; pfj= cu pqdk gSA o"kZ 2012&13 esa Hkkjr ljdkj dk dqy O;; ;kuh [kpkZ 14]90]925 djksM+ :i, jgsxk] vkSj Hkkjr esa53 çfr'kr yksxksa ds ihus dk lkQ+ ikuh ugha feyrk gS] 50 Qhlnh vkcknh [kqys esa 'kksp djustkrh gS] D;wafd mUgsa 'kkSpky; dh lqfo/kk ugha fey ik;h gSA dsoy 29 çfr'kr yksxksa ds ikljlksbZ xSl dh lqfo/kk gS] 62 çfr'kr yksx ydM+h tyk dj [kkuk idkrs gSa] 20 çfr'kr yksxcs?kj gS vkSj 37 çfr'kr yksxksa ds igus ds fy, ,d dejk gSA 49 çfr'kr yksx tgk¡ jgrs gSa]ogka mi;ksx gks pqds vkSj o"kkZ ds ikuh ds fudkl ds fy, ukyh dh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha gSA Hkkjrnqfu;k esa lwpuk çks|ksfxdh ds {ks= esa Økafr dj jgk gS( ij ns'k esa 3 çfr'kr yksxksa ds iklbaVjusV lfgr daI;wVj gS] vkSj 3 çfr'kr yksxksa ds ikl fcuk bUVjusV ds daI;wVj gSAo"kZ 2012&13 dk ctV ,d lkekU; ctV ugha ekuk tkuk pkfg,A ;g gekjh 12ohaiapo"khZ; ;kstuk ¼2012&13 ls o"kZ 2016&17½ dk igyk ctV gSA ;g Li"V gks jgk gS fdmnkjoknh uhfr;ksa us vkfFkZd fodkl dks xfr nh gS] ijUrq blls ns'k ds ,d [kkl vkSj NksVs lsrcds rks ykHk iagqpk;k gSA gesa ;g ns[kuk gksxk fd foÙkh; o"kZ 2012&13 dk ctV fduifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ns'k ds lkeus j[kk x;k gSA o"kZ 2011&12 esa LoLF; ij ljdkj us dqy25254 djksM+ :i, dk vkoaVu fd;k Fkk] tks bl ckj c

vkt ge ,d ,sls ns'k ds :i esa tkus tkrs gSa tgk¡ nqfu;k ds esa lcls T;knk cPps viukigyk tUefnu eukus ls igys ej tkrs gSa] lcls T;knk ekr`Ro ekSrsa ;gk¡ gksrh gSA nqfu;k dsvk/ks dq"B jksxh ¼130 gt+kj½ vkSj 21 çfr'kr VhA chA ds jksxh ¼19 yk[k½ Hkkjr esa jgrs gSaA;g ,d nq[kn rF; gS fd Hkkjr ljdkj us çkFkfed LokLF; lsokvksa ds ekeys esa csgnxSj&ftEesnkj joŞ ;k viuk;k gSA Hkkjr esa o"kZ 2011 ds fLFkfr esa LokLF; ij yxHkx 2500:i, dk dqy [kpkZ gks jgk gS] bles ls ljdkj dsoy 675 :i, [kpZ dj jgh gS vkSj ckdh1825 :i, yksxksa ds futh [kkrs ls [kpZ gks jgs gSa vkSj ;g yksxksa dks dtZ+nkj cukus esa lclsvge~ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA csgn nq[kn gS fd Hkkjr esa o"kZ 2011 dh fLFkfr esa nokvksa ds fy,çfrO;fä dsoy 43 :i, okf"kZd vkoaVu fd;k tk jgk Fkk vkSj dsoy 5A4 çfr'kr yksxksa dksgh eqr nokb;ka fey ik jgh gSaA Hkkjr ljdkj dks vius çkFkfed LokLF;

QqVdj Ckktkj esa cM+h dEifu;kaubZ vkfFkZd uhfr;ka cuke [ksrh esa dEiuhjkt+vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dk u;k nkSj tc 'kq: gqvk rks ;g cgqr lkQ rF; gS fd nqfu;k] [kkl rkSj ijHkkjr tSls ns'kksa dh uhfr;ksa dks çHkkfor djus esa fo'o csad vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k tSlsfoÙkh; laxBu cgqr gh dwVuhfrd Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs FksA bu laxBuksa us Hkkjr esa ckSf)d oxZ]uhfr cukus okys rcdksa vkSj ljdkj esa xgjh isB cuk;hA budk rdZ Fkk fd nqfu;k esa O;kIrvkfFkZd ladV] Hkqxrku larqyu dh foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa] csjkstxkjh vkSj xjhch dh leL;kvksa lsfuiVus ds fy, Hkkjr tSls fodk'khy ns'kksa dks vius cktkj nqfu;k ds fy, [kksy nsuk pkfg,Abldk eryc ;g fd nwljs ns'kksa ls lkeku ;gk¡ vk lds vkSj ;gk¡ ls nwljs ns'kksa dks tk ldsAÅijh Åijh utj ls ns[ksa rks ;g yxrk gS fd bl uhfr esa cqjkbZ D;k gS] th gk¡ cqjkbZ gS!;wjksi ;k vesfjdk ls Hkkjr dks ¼;kuh Hkkjr dk vk;kr½ D;k Hkstk tk,xk vkSj Hkkjr ls nqfu;kds nwljs ns'kksa dks ¼;kuh Hkkjr dk fu;kZr½ D;k Hkstk tk,xk] ;g fu.kZ; ysus dk vf/kdkj Hkkjrdks ugha cfYd dqN [kkl ns'kksa vkSj nqfu;k ds cMs O;kikfjd laxBuksa] ftUgs ge eYVhus'kuydkiksZjs'kal dgrs gSa] ds ikl jgk gSA bu ns'kksa vkSj daifu;ksa us 1991&92 ds le; dgk fdfodkl'khy ns'kksa dks vius ;gk¡ çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ¼,Q Mh vkbZ½ vkef=r djuk pkfg, ;kuhHkkjr ds lM+d cukus ls ysdj] Vsyhfotu] dsejk] daI;wVj cukus rd ds {ks=ksa esa fons'khdEifu;k¡ iw¡th fuos'k dj ldsa] ,slh uhfr;ka gksuk pkfg,A 24 tqykbZ 1994 esa Hkkjr ljdkjus Hkh vius vkS|ksfxd uhfr oäO; esa ;gh rdZ fn;kA ljdkj ;g ekuus dks rS;kj ugha FkhvkSj vHkh Hkh ugha gS fd nqfu;k ds cM+s O;kikfjd laxBuksa dk vkdkj bruk Hkhedk; vkSjfodjky gS fd muds dke djus ds rkSj rjhdksa ds lkeus Hkkjr ds 22 djksM+ NksVs O;kikjh]fdlku vkSj ,d le; ckn ek/;e oxZ dk miHkksäk Hkh fVd ugha ik;sxkAtc ge eYVhus'kuy dkiksZjs'kal ds ckjs esa ckr djrs gSa rks tjk nsf[k;s fd buds çR;{k fons'khfuos'k dk eryc D;k gS\ cSadkd cSad eaFkyh fjO;w us dgk fd nqfu;k ds 200 eYVhus'kuydkiksZjs'kal dk eryc gS ,sls Mjkous nSR; tks nqfu;k Hkj ds O;kikj dks viuh eqëh esa tdMysuk pkgrs gSA o"kZ 1998 esa ;s 200 eYVhus'kuy dkiksZjs'kal nqfu;k Hkj ds dqy mRiknu esa ls26A3 çfr'kr ldy mRiknu ¼ftles oLrq,a] vukt] diMs] MkDVj vkSj vfHkusrkvksa dh lsok,¡rd lc dqN 'kkfey gS½ ;kuh rc ds 7A6 fVªfy;u Mkyj ds mRikn ij budk fu;a=.k FkkA bljkf'k dk eryc le>s D;k\ vkt bldk eryc gS & 481000000000000 :i,! ;ghdEifu;k¡ pkgrh gSa fd ljdkj ,slh uhfr;ka cuk;s ftuls bUgs ns'k ds [ksr] tehu] taxy]ufn;k¡ vkSj Hkw xHkZ esa fNis [kfut inkFkksaZ dk nksgu djus dk ,dkf/kdkj fey tk,A QqVdj vkSjfdjkuk ds {ks= esa vHkh rd fons'kh daifu;ksa dks ,dkf/kdkj djus ;k dgsa fd vius 100Qhlnh fuos'k ls O;kikj djus dh vuqefr ugha jgh gSA bldk eryc ;g gS fd Hkkjr esa gekjsxk¡oksa&'kgjksa esa xyh&uqDdM+&pkSjkgksa vkSj cfLr;ksa esa tks NksVs&NksVs fdjkus okys gksrs gSa] mudhtxg ij fjyk;al] oky ekVZ ;k dkjsQksj uke ds ,sls cMh&cMs cktkj cu tk;saxs] ftuesmiHkksäk dks gj oLrq fey tk;sxhA tks t:jr gS mlls cgqr T;knk vkSj u;h&u;h phtsaa ogkavkidks fn[kkbZ tk;saxh rkfd t:jr u gksus ij Hkh vki mUgs [kjhn ysaA ;s tks nqdku gksxh] ;svkSlru 1500 NksVs nqdkunkjksa dk /ka/kk BIi dj nsxh ;kuh ,d bykds esa mudk ,dkf/kdkjgksxkA blh ,dkf/kdkj ds pyrs os ogh czkaM ;k [kkl daiuh ds mRikn vius LVksj esa j[ksaxs]ftuls mUgs T;knk Qk;nk gksxkA ;kuh mRiknd ds lkeus Hkh pqukSfr;ka c

;g dg dj gVk;k tk,xk fd tks elkys] ued] [kkus dk rsy] nky&pkoy] ekok&feBkbZ oscsprs gSa] os fu/kkZfjr ekud Lrj ds ugha gSa ;k mues feykoV gS ;k mudh xq.koÙkk [kjkc gSAo"kZ 2011 esa Hkkjr ljdkj us QqVdj {ks= esa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dh ;kstuk dks vuqefr nsusdk çLrko cuk;kA og çLrko fo'o O;kikj laxBu vkSj —f"k ij gq, le>kSrs ds çko/kku dsrgr cuk;k x;k gSA ;g uhfr ykxw djus ds fy, Hkkjr ij ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk dh ljdkjksadk gh ugha] cfYd nqfu;k ds 5 cM+s eYVhus'kuy dkiksZjs'kal dk Hkh ncko gS] D;wafd os tkurs gSafd dsoy mRiknu ij fu;a=.k djds os jktuhfrd vFkZO;oLFkk ij viuk fu;a=.k LFkkfir ughadj ldrs gSaA os ekurs gSa fd pw¡fd Hkkjr viuh 121 djksM+ dh tul¡[;k ds dkj.k nqfu;k dknwljk lcls cM+k cktkj ;k miHkksäkvksa dk lewg Hkh gSa] blfy, ;g og lh/ks lh/ks mUgs lkekucspus dh O;oLFkk ij dCtk dj ysxk rks mldk vkfFkZd ykHk rks c

ds ikl d`f"k mit e.Mh dk fodYi ekStwn gSA tSls gh ;g fodYi [kRe gksxk ;k vizHkkohgksxk( oSls gh bu dEifu;ksa ds dkVus okys nkar utj vkuk 'kq: gks tk;saxsAgekjk fo’ys"k.k ;g crkrk gS fd [ksrh dh O;oLFkk ds gj fgLls ¼lalk/kuksa vkSj mRiknu ra= ijfu;a=.k] ekdsZfVax vkSj vkiwfrZ ij fu;a=.k] O;ogkj vkSj miHkksx ds rkSj&rjhdksa ij fu;a=.k½ ijvc dEifu;ksa dk n[ky gks pqdk gSA vc rd os izlaLdj.k ;k fMCck can lkexzh cukus esa'kkfey Fks ij vc dPps eky ds mRiknu ij mudk fu;a=.k gS ftlls u rks fdlku ;g r;dj ik jgk gS fd mls D;k iSnk djuk gS u gh mls ;g Li"V gks jgk gS fd ljdkj mls D;klaj{k.k nsxh !! ;g tkuuk mYys[kuh; gS fd dkjQksj] okyekVZ] fjyk;al] Hkkjrh] ;wpj osY;wfjVsy] LikV gk;ij ekdsZV~l tSls lewg 510 lqij ekdsZV vkSj ekYl dh J`a[kyk [kM+h djusokys gSaA fnYyh csaxywj] dydRrk] eqEcbZ vkfn esa jgus ds fy;s dqN oxZ ehVj tehu ugha feyik jgh gS ijUrq ukbZV Ýsad bf.M;k dh fjiksVZ bf.M;k vkxZukbTl jhVsy ekdsZV 2010 dseqrkfcd eqEcbZ esa 2010 ls 2012 ds nkSjku 5A5 djksM+ oxZfQV LFkku QqVdj O;kikj ds fy;smiyC/k gksxk( dgka ls vk;sxh ;g txg\ th gka] >qfXx;ksa vkSj QqVikFk ij dke djus okyksadks foLFkkfir djdsAge ;g ekurs jgs gSa fd tSfod [skrh vkSj blds mRikn lh/ks [ksr vkSj fdlkuksa ls gekjh jlksbZesa vk;saxs ijUrq vc ;g lp ugha gSA tSls&tSls ;g rdZ LFkkfir gqvk gS fd gesa ;kuhmiHkksDrk dks lkQ vkSj jlk;u eqDr Hkkstu pkfg;s( oSls&oSls ns’k vkSj nqfu;k esa cM+h vkSjHkhedk; cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;ksa us tSfod [ksrh vkSj tSfod mRiknksa ds O;kikj dks vius dCts esaysuk 'kq: dj fn;kA Hkkjr esa ikjEifjd :i ls tSfod mRikn lkekU;r% lh/ks [ksrksa ls yksxksard igqaps gSaA gekjs ;gak gkbZfczM vkSj ns’kh VekVj ;k yksdy ykSdh tSls 'kCnksa ds lkFk ;s mRikncktkj esa vkrs jgs gSa ij vc cM+h dEifu;ksa us bl laHkkfor cktkj ij viuk fu;a=.k tekuk'kq: dj fn;k gSA rdZ ;g fn;k tk jgk gS fd ftrus cM+s iSekus ij vk/kqfud [ksrh esa jlk;uksadk mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gS( mlds [krjs dks ns[krs gq;s ;g loky egRoiw.kZ ughaa gS fd mldkekfydkuk gd fdlds ikl gSA ij blds nwljh rjQ gesa ;g dHkh ugha Hkwyuk pkfg;s fd vktdh lcls cM+h t:jr ;g r; djus dh gS fd vukt] [kk|kUu vkSj Hkkstu ds mRikinu dkra= vkSj O;oLFkk fodsUnzhd`r] tuksUeq[kh vkSj ikjn’khZ gh gksuk pkfg;sA B.Ms is;ksa esa dhVuk’kdksadh [krjukd Lrj rd ekStwnxh] fQj fMCckcan [kk| inkFkksaZ esa vekU; jlk;uksa dk mi;ksx vkSj[ksrksa esa ,.MkslYQku ds fNM+dko ds ekeyksa esa cM+h cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;ksa dh Hkwfedk us ;g fl)fd;k gS fd muds mRiknksa ij fo’okl ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;s egkdk; vkfFkZd :i lslEiUu dEifu;ka Hkh tkurh gS fd tSfod mRiknksa dk cktkj vc rsth ls c

ge cqfu;knh :i ls ;g ekurs gSa fd Hkkjr esa pwafd 67 izfr’kr tula[;k [ksrh ij fuHkZj gSvkSj vc cM+s iSekus ij fdlku Hkh [ksrh ds LFkkbZ fodkl ds fy;s jklk;fud [ksrh dks NksM+djtSfod [ksrh dks viuk jgk gS( ,slh fLFkfr esa bl {ks= esa cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;ksa ds n[ky dks[kRe djus dh t:jr gSA vka/kzizns’k ds 23 ftyksa ds fdlku tSfod [ksrh dj jgs gSa ij vcrd ns’k esa bldh dksbZ ,slh uhfr ugha gS tks fdlkuksa dks cM+s nkuoksa ls lqjf{kr djus dhO;oLFkk nsrh gksA nwljk fcanq ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd tSfod [ksrh ds fy;s mRiknu ds ,d iwjs ra=dh t:jr gksrh gSA ftlesa fofo/k fdLeksa ds vukt dk mRiknu i'kq/ku dk laj{k.k] LFkkuh;moZjdkas vkSj dhV uk’kdksa dk mRiknu 'kkfey gSA bl ckr esa 'kd gS fd cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;kabl rjg dh O;oLFkk dks [kM+k djus esa dksbZ :fp fn[kk;saxhA vkSj iwjh vk’kadk gS fd bldsctk;s os tSo la’kksf/kr chtksa dk mi;ksx djsaxh vkSj fdlh u fldh :i esa jlk;uksa dk mi;ksxdjrh jgsaxhA ;kuh tSfod [ksrh dks u;s [krjksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+sxkA[kk| lqj{kk dh O;oLFkk esa ftruk mRiknu dk ra= egRoiw.kZ gS( mruk gh egRoiw.kZ gS cktkjdk ra=A Hkkjr esa 2A9 djksM+ yksx Hkkstu vkSj Hkkstu ls lEcfU/kr lkexzh dk O;kikj djrs gSaAos dsoy ykHk ds fy;s O;kikj ugha djrs gSa cfYd [kk| lqj{kk dh ifjHkk"kk ds egRoiw.kZ fgLls^^igqap** dks lqfuf’pr djus esa mudh dsUnzh; Hkwfedk jgh gSA vc bl ^^cktkj** ij izeq[kHkkstu O;kikj dEifu;ka viuk feyk&tqyk ,dkf/kdkj pkgrh gSA okyekVZ] fjyk;al] Hkkjrh]XysDlks fLeFk daT;wej gsYFk ds;j] usLys] dsfu djs] QhYM Ýs’k QwM] MsyeksaVs] cqgyj bafM;k]isIlhdks] vkSj dksdk dksyk 'kkfey gSA cktkj fo’ys"k.k djus okyh ,d dEiuhvkjA,uAlhAvksA,lA dh rktk fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd Hkkstu dk cktkj Hkkjr esa 7A5 izfr’kr dhnj ls gj lky c

mUgksaus dEifu;ksa dks fdlkuksa ls lh/ks vukt [kjhnus dh vuqefr ns nh] ftldk ifj.kke ;ggqvk fd viuh gh t:jrsa iwjh djus ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj dks nks xquk nkeksa ij 53 yk[k Vuvukt vkLVªsfy;k] dukMk vkSj ;wØsu ls vukt [kjhnuk iM+kA fiNys 4 o"kksaZ esa vukt dh [kqyscktkj esa dhersa 70 ls 120 izfr’kr rd c

[ksrhgeus viuh ljdkj ls ;g loky dHkh D;ksa ugÈ iwNk fd vkf[kj [ksrh esa fons'kh fuos'k dht:jr D;ksa gS! ljdkj us fiNys 10 o"kks± esa dt+Z vkSj chek vk/kkfjr ,slh rduhdsa viukbZ gSa]ftuls fdlku daifu;ksa dk ca/kqvk cu x;k gSA fdlku dks laj{k.k nsus dk rdZ nsdj —f"k chek;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZA ij ;g ,d lkewfgd chek ;kstuk gS] ftlds vc rd ds fØ;kUo;u lsirk pyk gS fd fdlkuksa dks 80 çfr'kr uqdlku dh HkjikbZ dk rks çko/kku gh blesa ugÈ gSAvkt ns'kHkj esa ugjksa ds Hkkjh vkSj Hkhrjh fjlko ds dkj.k yk[kksa gsDVs;j dh [ksrh çHkkfor gksrhgSA blls tehusa nyny esa cny xbZ gSa] ij ljdkj dh jkgr vkSj chek çko/kkuksa esa bufdlkuksa dks enn nsus dk dksbZ çko/kku ugÈ gSAvc cSad&chek daifu;ka vkSj ljdkj feydj fdlku dh vFkÊ rS;kj dj jgs gSaA [ksrh ds fy,tks FkksM+h&cgqr lfClMh ctV esa cph gS] og vc lh/ks moZjd] dhVuk'kd] e'khu vkSj VªSDVjcukus okyh daifu;ksa dks nsus dh igy dj nh xbZ gSA blds lkFk gh Bsdk [ksrh ¼dkaVªSDV QkWfeZax½ds rgr daifu;ka cM+s fdlkuksa ds lewg cukdj viuh t:jr ds eqrkfcd mRiknudjok,axah] tSls ewxQyh] yglqu] VekVj] vkyw] dikl] lks;kchu] xék dqN ,slh Qlysa gSa]ftudh çkslsflax gksrh gSA budk mRiknu Bsdk [ksrh ds rgr gksxkAbl uhfr ls ckt+kj okyh udn Qlyksa dk mRiknu c

vkt dh fLFkfr dks ;fn ge iqjkus lanHkksZa esa ns[ksa rks rqyukRed v/;;u djus esa vklkuhgksxhA twu 1993 esa Jh eksaVsd flag vgywokfy;k us Hkkjr ds vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ij vkDlQksMZ dseVZu dkyst esa ,d Hkk"k.k fn;k FkkA mUgksus dgk Fkk fd ge ftu cnykoksa dh ckr dj jgs gSa]os cnyko vU; fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa mBk;s x, dneksa ds vyx ugha gSaA ge Hkh ljdkj dsfu;a=.k dks de ls de djuk pkgrs gSa vkSj futh {ks= dks cVdk u yxsA eksaVsd flag us ckr rks /khes xfr dh fd ij fd;k bldsmyVA mudk igyk edln Fkk jktdks"kh; ?kVk de djukA o"kZ 1990&91 esa Hkkjr dkjktdks"kh; ?kkVk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk 8-4 çfr'kr FkkA vkSj bles ;fn jkT; ljdkjksa dk ?kkVktksM+ fn;k tk;s rks ;g 10 çfr'kr FkkA ljdkj us u;h vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa ds rgr tks dne mBk;smuls jktdks"kh; ?kkVk 1991&92 esa de gksdj 5-9 çfr'kr ij vk x;kA vkSj vxys o"kZ;kuh 1992&93 esa ;g 5-7 çfr'kr ij FkkA bl ?kkVh ds de guh dk eryc ;g gS fdljdkj us vius [kpsZ de fd;sA ;g [kpsZ de gq, dSls ljdkj us 1991&92 esa fu;kZr ij nhtkus okyh lfClMh iwjh rjg ls [kRe dj nhA blls ?kjsyq m|ksxksa dks ykHk feyrk Fkk] tks [kRedj fn;k x;kA fQj 1992&93 esa moZjdksa ij nh tkus okyh lfClMh esa Hkkjh cnyko fd;sx,Aljdkj dh dqN dEifu;ka] ftUgs ge lkoZtfud {ks= ds miØe dgrs gSa] ?kkVh esa py jgh FkhavkSj pwafd jk"Vª ds fodkl ds utfj, ls mudh Hkwfedk vkSj dke egRoiw.kZ gksrk gS] ljdkjmuds ?kkVs dks iwjk djus ds fy, lfClMh ;k vklku dtZ nsrh Fkh] mUgs /khjs /khjs ljdkj dtZnsuk can dj nsxh] rkfd ,d rjQ blls ljdkj dk [kpZ de gksxk vkSj nwljh rjQ budaifu;ksa dk futhdj.k djus dk jkLrk [kqy ldsxkA isVªksfy;e daifu;ksa dks ljdkj dhlgk;rk feyuk de gqbZ] bruk gh ugha ljdkj us isVªksfy;e mRiknksa ij Å¡ps dj yxkukHkh 'kq: dj fn,] ftuls bu dEifu;ksa ij vkfFkZd cks> c

m|ksxksa ds lkFk&lkFk u;h uhfr;ksa dk lcls T;knk çHkko iM+k [ksrh ijA lcls igys —f"kmRiknksa ds fu;kZr ij yxh lhek,a gVk nh x;haA blls ns'k ds Hkhrj —f"k mRiknksa ds nkeksa uso`f) gksuk 'kq: gks x;hA dsoy nkyksa vkSj vuktksa ds fu;kZr ij ,d gn rd fu;a=.k jgk] ijljdkj ftl rjg ls dke dj jgh Fkh] mudk edln vkf[kj esa [kqys cktkj ds fy, ykHkdekus dk ekgkSy [kM+k djuk gh FkkA ‹‹&‹ ls lkoZtfud forj.k ç.kkyh ds rgr feyusokys vukt dh dhersa ljdkj us 66 Qhlnh rd c

mlds uhfr fuekZrk ;g ekuus dks rS;kj ugha gSa fd ns'k dh [kk| lqj{kk vkSj vkthfodk dkvk/kkj dgrh gh gS vkSj mls ljdkj dks laj{k.k nsrs jguk gksxkAfons'kh fuos'k dk xf.kr100 çfr'kr fons'kh fuos'k dk eryc ;g gS fd [ksrh dks vk/kqfud vkSj de ykxr dk cukusds uke ij e'khuh [ksrh dks vkSj c

csiVjh gksdj dSls nkSM+sxk —f"k dk batu\Hkkjr dh 122 djksM+ dh vkcknh esa 35 djksM+ e/;e oxZ vkSj 58 djksM+ fdlku ifjokj gSaA1950 rd gekjk ns'k flQZ 50 yk[k Vu vukt iSnk djrk Fkk] tks vc 23 djksM+ Vu rdigqap pqdk gSA ysfdu ns'k ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa —f"k dk fgLlk 50 Qhlnh ¼1950½ ls?kVdj vc 15 Qhlnh ls uhps tk pqdk gSA blh dk fojks/kkHkklh i{k ;g Hkh gS fd ns'k esadjksM+ifr;ksa dh la[;k nks yk[k dks Nwus dh vksj gSA nwljh vksj nqfu;k ds 122 Hkq[kejs ns'kksa dhlwph esa Hkkjr 67osa uacj ij gSA bldk lcls cM+k dkj.k ;g gS fd ljdkj ml e/;e oxZ dksvkfFkZd fodkl dk batu ekurh gS] ftldk tehu dh mRikndrk ls dksbZ ukrk ugha gSA ljdkjdh utj esa vc —f"k dksbZ mRiknd ekeyk ugha gSA ;g otg gS fd ;kstuk vk;ksx ds mik/;{keksaVsd flag vgywokfy;k dj udnh Qlyksads mRiknu dks ckSrs ijgLrk{kj djus ds ckn ljdkj ds lkeus Øec) :i ls —f"k lfClMh dks ?kVkus dhetcwjh gks xbZA ;gka xkSj djus okyh lcls vge ckr ;g gS fd fodflr ns'kksa esa76

vHkh Hkh —f"k lfClMh 30 ls 40 Qhlnh rd gS] tcfd gekjh ljdkj bls yxkrkj?kVkdj 10 Qhlnh ls uhps ykus dh dksf'k'k esa gSA ljdkj bl uqdlku dh HkjikbZ—f"k mRiknksa ij fu;kZr dks c

tehu dh ywVHkweaMyhdj.k vkSj mnkjhdj.k dk nkSj 'kq: gq, ,d n'kd ls T;knk xqtjus ds ckn Hkh gekjhvFkZO;oLFkk esa —f"k dh vgfe;r blh ckr ls irk pyrh gS fd detksj ekulwu ls cktkjksadh jkSud xk;c gks tkrh gSA nhokyh&n'kgjk tSls R;ksgkj Qhds iM+ tkrs gSaA ;g lwjr rc HkhFkh] tc gesa vktkn gq, rhu lky gq, Fks vkSj vkt 65 lky ckn Hkh ;gh fLFkfr gSA ysfduljdkj bl ckr dks ekuus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gSA mldk nkok gS fd ns'k dh vFkZO;loLFkk dkbatu m|ksxksa dh cnkSyr nkSM+ jgk gSA [ksrh fdlh lky Hkys gh detksj gks tk, rks Hkh ns'k dhekyh gkyr ugha fcxM+sxhA HkweaMyhdj.k ds rgr ykxw dh xbZ vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa ds ihNs Hkh ;ghlksp gkoh gSA ljdkj us blds rgr ftu vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dks viuk;k] mldk edln Fkk /kfudvkSj iwathoknh laLFkkvksa dks çk—frd lalk/ku lkSaiuk] D;ksalfd ;gh lÙkk dh dqath Hkh gSaA ;fnbu ij fu;a=.k dj fy;k tk, rks jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd O;oLFkk ds lapkyu lw= viusfu;a=.k esa fd;s tk ldrs gSaA• Hkw&gncanh dkuwu ds rgr Hkkjr esa Lora=rk ds ckn ;g r; fd;k x;k Fkk fd ,dfuf'pr HkwHkkx ds vykok yksx tehu ds ekfyd u gks ldsaxsA fouksck Hkkos us ;glqfuf'pr djok;k Fkk fd ftuds ikl lsadMksa] gtkjksa ,dM+ tehu gSa] og ;k rks [kqnHkwnku djsa ;k ljdkj mu ij fu;a=.k dj ysA ;g tehu yksxksa esa bl rjg ckaVhtk, ftlls mudh cngkyh [kRe gks ldsA• 1950 ls 1960 ds chp iwjs ,d n'kd esa ykxw fd, x, Hkwfe lq/kkj dkuwu ds rgrcM+s fdlkuksa dks mruh tehu j[kus dh btktr nh xbZ] ftrus ij os [ksrh dj ldrsgSaA felky ds fy, e/;çns'k esa tehu vius ikl j[kus dh vf/kdre lhek 25,dM+ FkhA ysfdu dqN jkT;ksa esa ;g 120 ,dM+ rd j[kh xbZA bldk nq"çHkko ;ggqvk fd bruh cM+h dk'r ds ekfydksa us —f"k etnwjksa ls [ksrh djokuh 'kq: dhAblls ftu fdlkuksa dks tehu dk ekfydkuk gd feyuk pkfg, Fkk] mUgsa og ughafeykA nwljh ckr ;g Hkh Fkh fd cM+s dk'rdkjksa us T;knk ls T;knk tehu vius iklj[kus ds fy, tehu ds ekfydkuk gd ds QthZ dkxtkr cuok, vkSj xjhc etnwjksals vaxwBk yxokdj ckn esa mUgsas vius uke djok fy;kA ;g QthZokM+k gqvk 1972ds ckn] tc lhfyax ,DV esa la'kks/ku ds ckn tehu vkf/kiR;g dh mPpcre vkSjU;wcure lhek ds chp QdZ dks vkSj de fd;k x;kA bl rjg ftu jkT;ksa~ esavf/kdre lhek 25 ,dM+ dh xbZ] ogka cM+s dk'rdkjksa us QthZ dkxtkrksa ds tfj,50 ls 100 ,dM+ rd tehu gfFk;k yhA• ;s tehusa flafpr DokfyVh dh FkhA tehankj rcdk bu tehuksa dks vius gkFk ls tkus ughansuk pkgrk Fkk vkSj blh lksp ds pyrs lkjk QthZokM+k fd;k x;kA blls NksVs vkSjlhekar dh tksr rks mruh gh jgh] ysfdu Hkwfeghu fdlkuksa dks mudk gd ugha feykvkSj os vf/kdka'k Hkwfeghu gh jgsA blh dk urhtk jgk fd if'pke caxky vkSj tEewad'eh/kj dks NksM+dj ns'k ds fdlh Hkh jkT; esa vfr'ks"k dh tehu T;kank ughafudy ldhA Hkwfe lq/kkj dkuwu ds ckn ns'kHkj esa dqy 11 yk[k gsDVsh;j tehu dhiqufoZrj.k ds fy, fey ikbZA78

• 1972 esa gqbZ eq[;keaf=;ksa dh cSBd esa ;g r; gqvk fd lhfyax ds rgr tehu dsekfydkuk gd dh mPpre lhek lcls mitkÅ Hkwfe ds laca/k esa 18 ,dM+ lsT;kksnk ugha gksxhA ,d Qlyh tehu ds fy, lhek 27 ,dM+ vkSj fefJr fdLecdh iM+rh Hkwfe ds fy, 54 ,dM+ j[kh xbZA• ysfdu ;gka Hkh cM+s HkwLokefe;ksa us pkykdh dhA mUgksa us Hkw&vf/kdkfj;ksa ds lkFk feydjcsgn ÅitkÅ tehuksa dks catj ;k iM+r Hkwfe ds :i esa ntZ djok fn;kA bllsmuds fy, lhfyax dh vf/kdre lhek c

mi;ksx ds fy, mi;ksx ifjorZu gqvkA [ksrh ?kkVs dk lkSnk crk;k tkrk gSA bls ykHk dk lkSnkcukus ds uke ij tehusa cM+s dkWiksZjsV~l dks cspus ;k mUgs lkSaius dk fodYi [kM+k fd;k x;kAtehu ds lkFk&lkFk ikuh vkSj taxyksa ds futhdj.k dh çfØ;k Hkh pyh gSAtehusa rks ckaV nha] vc [kkyh tehu dgka ls yk,axsHkkjr esa ,d vuqeku ds eqrkfcd cka/k] lM+d] ty fo|qr] flapkbZ vkSj oU;çk.kh vH;kj.; dh5324 ,slh ifj;kstuk,a py jgh gSa] ftuds dkj.k yksxksa dk foLFkkiu gksxk ;k foLFkkiu gks jgkgSA vkn'kZ iquokZl uhfr esa vkSj dqN ifj;kstukvksa ds lUnHkZ esa U;k;ky; Hkh ;g çko/kku djpqdk gS fd ftudh tehu bu ifj;kstukvksa ds dkj.k tk jgh gS] mUgs tehu ds cnys tehudk çko/kku fd;k tk,; ijUrq ljdkjsa; ^dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkjsa* ;g çko/kku ykxw djus dksrS;kj ugha gSaA os fodkl ifj;kstukvksa ls çHkkforksa ls dsoy tehu ysrh gSa vkSj muds ,dlhfer vkSj vi;kZIr udn eqvkots dk fodYi nsrh gSaA e/;çns'k esa ljnkj ljksoj cka/kifj;kstuk ds ekeys esa e/;çns'k ljdkj us loksZPp U;k;ky; esa ;g gyQukek fn;k fd gekjsikl tehu ds cnys nsus ds fy, tehu gh ugha gS] ijUrq jkT; ljdkj us m|ksxifr;ksa vkSjfuos'kdksa dks nsus ds fy, ,d tehu cSad ^yS.M cSad* cuk;k gS] ftles tqykbZ 2012 rd18000 gsDVs;j tehu bdB~Bk dh tk pqdh FkhA fodkl dh ubZ uhfr;ksa us ;g Hkh fn[kk;k gSfd lekt dh cM+h tula[;k ds fgrksa] i;kZoj.k vkSj Hkfo"; ds çfr tokcnsg gksuk dksbZegRoiw.kZ vkSj fu.kkZ;d rÙo ugha gSaA80

fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks= ^lst*fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks= ;kuh Lis'ky bdksukfed tksu ¼lst½ esa m|ksx [kksyus okyk esgeku ugha]Hkxoku gSA lkjs fu;e&dk;ns mlds fy, csekuh gSaA e/; çns'k dh ,d ckuxh &lst ;wfuV dks NwV dk erycHkfo";fuf/k dkuwu 1952NwV dk eryc % deZpkfj;ksa dk çkWfoMsaV QaM ugha dVsxkA vxj fdlh gknls esa etnwj dks'kkjhfjd uqdlku igqapk] ukSdjh xbZ rks mldk ifjokj lM+d ijAvkS|ksfxd fookn dkuwu 1947NwV dk eryc % fdlh Hkh lst ;wfuV dh euekuh ds f[kykQ dksbZ vnkyrh eqdnek nk;jugha fd;k tk ldrkA ,slh bZdkb;ksa dks vukifÙkk çek.k i= nsus okys MsoyiesaV dfef'ujij gh eqdnes dh vuqefr nsus vkSj dkjZokbZ dk ftEekoAQSDVªht ,DV 1948NwV dk eryc % bl dkuwu dh fofHkUu /kkjkvksa ds rgr lst ;wfuV dks iwjh NwV feyh gSAdke ds ?kaVs r; ugha] lkIrkufgd vodk'k ugha] jkstkuk fdruk dke gksxk] dqN Hkh r;ugha gks ldrkA ;g nqfu;k ds lcls lLrsd Je dk csjge cktkj gSAU;wqure etnwjh dkuwu 1948NwV dk eryc % bldk vuqikyu ;wfuV dk vf/kdkjh ugha] cfYd ljdkjh yscj vkWfQljr; djsxkA tkfgj gS Hkxoku ds f[kykQ dkSu tk ldrk gSAdeZpkjh jkT;d chek vf/kfu;e 1948NwV dk eryc % deZpkfj;ksa dk LokLF; chek rHkh gks ik,xk] tc lst ;wfuV dk çca/kubl ij jkth gksA ;kuh ethZ gks rks djs] ojuk yxkrkj dke djrs gq, etnwj dh ekSr gkstk, rks Hkh dksbZ xe ughaAvkS|ksfxd jkstxkj ¼LFkk;h funsZ'k½ vf/kfu;e 1946NwV dk eryc % dke ds ?kaVs] U;wwure etnwjh vkSj f'kV dh vof/k tc r; u gks rksbuds çdk'ku dk loky gh ugha mBrkAxzSP;qVh dkuwu 1972NwV dk eryc % lst ;wfuV esa dke djus okys etnwjksa dks xzSP;qBVh dk ykHk ugha feysxkA10 lky dke djus ds ckn ukSdjh xbZ rks nj&nj dh Bksdjsa [kkus dh ukScrA dgha ykxwgksus ij fuxjkuh dk ftEekj fQj yscj vkWfQlj ij ghA81

vuqcaf/kr deZpkjh ¼fu;eu o mUew/kyu½ dkuwu 1970NwV dk eryc % lst ;wfuV dks blls NwV gS] ;kuh lkjs fu;eksa dks rkd ij j[kdj pkgsftrus Hkh etnwj vuqca/k ij j[ks tk,aA Je dkuwuksa dh fuxjkuh dks yscj vkWfQlj dks ghdjuh gSAjkstxkj dk;kZy; ¼fjfäl;ksa dh vfuok;Z ?kks"k.kk½ dkuwu 1959NwV dk eryc % fdlh Hkh lst ;wfuV esa fjfä ;ka gksus ij jkstxkj dk;kZy; esa mldhlwpuk ugha nh tk,xhA ;kuh gj lky ubZ ukSdfj;ksa vkSj LFkkhuh; yksxksa dks ukSdjh nsus dhckrsa flQZ ,d Nykok gSaAcksul dk Hkqxrku dkuwu 1965NwV dk eryc % tks Hkh ;wfuV cksul nsus dks jkth gks] ogka yscj vkWfQlj blds forj.k ijutj j[ksxkA lkjh fj;k;rksa ds lkFk lewpk equkQk lst ;wfuV [kqn viuh tsc esa Hkjrh gSAdeZpkfj;ksa dks ugha ckaVrhAfj;k;rsa vkSj Hkh gSaokf.kfT;d dj] vDVªkW;] eaMh VSDl] ijpsl VSDl] fctyh midj] LVkEi½ MîwVh vkSj jkT;ljdkj ds ckdh lHkh midj] LFkkuh; fudk; djAfQj Hkh VSDl ekQh D;ksajkT; ljdkj ds rdjhcu lHkh fj;k;rksa ds ckotwn 2005&06 ls ysdj fiNys lky rdlst ;wfuVksa dks djhc 25 gtkj djksM+ dh fj;k;r nh xbZA gkykafd ;g fj;k;r dkWiksZjVtxg dks blh nkSjku feyh yxHkx rhu yk[k djksM+ dh VSDl ekQh ds eqdkcys cgqr FkksM+hgS] ysfdu chekj gksrs ?kjsyw m|ksxksa dh lfClMh ?kVkdj lst dkWiksZjsV~l o lst ;wfuV~l dksfj;k;rsa vkSj VSDls ekQh nsdj ljdkj D;ka lkfcr djuk pkgrh gS] bl loky dk tokcvHkh vkuk ckdh gSA Hkkjr esa ,d vuqeku ds eqrkfcd cka/k] lM+d] ty fo|qr] flapkbZ vkSj oU; çk.khvH;kj.; dh 5324 ,slh ifj;kstuk,a py jgh gSa] ftuds dkj.k yksxksa dk foLFkkiugksxk ;k foLFkkiu gks jgk gSA vkn'kZ iquokZl uhfr esa vkSj dqN ifj;kstukvksa ds lUnHkZesa U;k;ky; Hkh ;g çko/kku dj pqdk gS fd ftudh tehu bu ifj;kstukvksa ds dkj.ktk jgh gS] mUgsa tehu ds cnys tehu dk çko/kku fd;k tk,; ijUrq ljdkjsa ¼dsaæ vkSjjkT; ljdkjsa½ ;g çko/kku ykxw djus dks rS;kj ugha gSaA os fodkl ifj;kstukvksa lsçHkkforksa ls dsoy tehu ysrh gSa vkSj muds ,d lhfer vkSj vi;kZIr udn eqvkots dkfodYi nsrh gSaA ljnkj ljksoj cka/k ifj;kstuk ds ekeys esa e/;çns'k ljdkj us loksZPp U;k;ky; esa ;ggyQukek fn;k fd gekjs ikl tehu ds cnys nsus ds fy, tehu gh ugha gS] ijUrqjkT; ljdkj us m|ksxifr;ksa vkSj fuos'kdksa dks nsus ds fy, ,d tehu cSad ¼yS.M cSad½cuk;k gS] ftles tqykbZ 2012 rd 18000 gsDVs;j tehu bdB~Bk dh tk pqdh FkhA82

fodkl dh ubZ uhfr;ksa us ;g Hkh fn[kk;k gS fd lekt dh cM+h tula[;k ds fgrksa]i;kZoj.k vkSj Hkfo"; ds çfr tokcns; gksuk dksbZ egRoiw.kZ vkSj fu.kkZ;d rÙo ugha gSaA vxj ge Hkwfe lq/kkj dkuwu dk fo'ys"k.k djsa rks ik,axs fd bldh vkM+ esa cM+s fdlkuksaus lhfyax dh tehu NksM+ nh vkSj eqvkots ds :i esa ,d cM+h jde ¼670 djksM+ #i,½rks ys yh] ysfdu muds dCts ls NqM+kbZ xbZ ns'k dh 40 Qhlnh tehu mlds ckn Hkhmuds gh dCts esa jgh gSA vly esa bu tehankjksa us vius ;gka cVkbZ ij [ksrh djusokys NksVs o lhekar fdlkuksa dks Hkxk fn;kA jhok] lruk ¼c?ksy[kaM½] [kaMok ¼iwohZ fuekM+½vkSj cqansy[kaM esa ge ikrs gSa fd chrs n'kdksa esa la;qä ifjokj VwVs gSa] ogh cPpsa lso;Ld gq, yksxksa dh nks ihf

fQygky 50 ls 100 ,dM+ ;k mlls Hkh T;knk dh dk'r ds ekfyd ;gh fdlku jkT;jvkSj okLryfod fdlku ds chp fcpkSfy, dh Hkwfedk esa gSA lkQ gS fd ftl edln dkslk/kus ds fy, Hkwfe lq/kkj dkuwu ykxw fd;k x;k Fkk] og dke;kc ugha gqvkA lhfyaxdkuwu ykxw gksus ds n'kdksa ckn rd tehuksa dk csukeh gLrkarj.k gksrk jgk vkSj vcljdkjsa bldh oS/krk dks pqukSrh ns ikus dh fLFk/kfr esa ugha gSaA dbZ jkT;ksa esa ;g dkelgdkjh lfefr;ksa us gh fd;k gS] ftuds vius jktuhfrd fgr Hkh gSaA [kqn ;kstukvk;ksx us Hkh bl ckr dks Lohdkj fd;k gS fd VªLV;] f'k{kk] /kkfeZd ç;kstuksa vkfn dsfy, lSdM+ksa laLFkkuksa us ns'kHkj esa tehusa ys j[kh gSaA bu laLFkkuksa ds jktuhfrd fgrksa dksns[krs gq, jkT; ljdkjsa Hkh budh tehuksa dks lhfyax dkuwu ds nk;js esa ykus lsfgpfdpk jgh gSaA bu laLFkkvksa ds ikl ,slh gtkjksa gsDVs;j tehu fcuk mi;ksx ds iM+hgSaA84

Hkkjr esa jkstxkj dk ladVnks n'kdksa dh ,d iM+rkyHkkjr ljdkj ds yscj C;wjks us tykbZ 2012 esa jkstxkj&csjkstxkjh ij vius nwljs okf"kZdlosZ{k.k dh fjiksVZ tkjh dhA bles crk;k x;k gS fd Hkkjr esa 15 o"kZ dh mez ls T;knk dsvk;q oxZ esa 3-8 çfr'kr yksx csjkstxkj gSaA bl nj ds vk/kkj ij ;fn vkadyu fd;ktk, rks Hkkjr esa 4-93 djksM+ yksx csjkstxkj gSaA ;g laLFkku Hkh csjkstxkjh ds ladV dksvkadM+ksa ds tky esa my>krk nh[krk gSA blus 4 vk/kkjksa ij ¼okf"kZd csjkstxkjh] ekfldcsjkstxkjh] lkIrkfgd csjksxtkjh vkSj nSfud csjkstxkjh½ csjkstxkjh dk vkadyu fd;k gSA okf"kZdvkadMs crkrs gSa 3-8 çfr'kr yksx csjkstxkjh gSa] lkIrkfgd crkrs gSa 4-6 çfr'kr vkSj nSfudcrkrs gSa 6-3 çfr'kr yksx csjkstxkj gSaA vc ;fn nSfud dks vk/kkj eku fy;k tk, rksirk pyrk gS fd 8-18 djksM+ yksx csjkstxkj gSaA 20 lky ds vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k] O;oLFkk]lsokvksa vkSj vkfFkZd xfrfof/k;ksa ds /kqvka/kkj futhdj.k ds ckn o"kZ 2011 esa geus tksmiyfC/k gkfly dh] og gS csjkstxkjhAo"kZ 1991 ls 2011 ds chp tks Hkh jkstxkj ds volj iSnk gq,] mues ls T;knkrjvlaxfBr {ks= esa iSnk gq,A vlaxfBr {ks= dk eryc gS tgk¡ dkexkjksa ;k deZpkfj;ksa ;ketnwjksa dks fdlh vuqca/k ;k fuf'pr ok;ns ds lkFk dke ij ugha j[kk tkrk gSA ogka dkedc rd feyrk jgsxk] ;g dHkh r; ugha jgrk gSA bu {ks=ksa esa dke djus okyksa dksLokLF;] lkekftd lqj{kk] chek] cPpksa dh f'k{kk ds fy, dksbZ vfrfjä lqfo/kk,a ;k gd ughafeyrs gSaA xHkZorh efgykvksa dks lqjf{kr çlo dh vo/kkj.kk ds rgr dksbZ fo'ks"k laj{k.k ughafeyrk gSA dkexkjksa dks fcuk dkj.k crk;s dke ls gVk;k tk ldrk gSA muds dke ds ?kaVsvkSj etnwjh fu;eksa esa rks r; dh tkrh gS] ij mudk ikyu djus ds fy, fu;ksäk ;kuhjkstxkj nsus okyk ck/; ugha gksrk gSA bl {ks= esa vkt Hkkjr dh deZ'khy tul¡[;k dk 93Qhlnh fgLlk blh vlqjf{kr vkSj 'kks"k.k ls Hkjiwj vlaxfBr {ks= esa dke djrk gSA lkQ rkSjij ;g Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd bUgs gj jkst jkstxkj feysxk bldh dksbZ xkjaVh Hkh ughagSA fo'ks"kK vc bls vukSipkfjd {ks= ¼buQkeZy lsDVj & bles oks ikfjokfjd O;kikfjd m|evkrs gSa] ftues 5 ls de yksx dke djrs gSa½ Hkh dgrs gSa] tcfd vkSipkfjd {ks= ¼;kQkeZy lsDVj esa lkoZtfud miØeksa] futh vkSj dkjiksjsV {ks= vkSj mu ?kjsyq O;kikjksa dks j[kktkrk gS] ftues 5 ls T;knk dkexkj dke djrs gSa½AHkkjr ds yxHkx gj {ks= ¼ljdkj vkSj futh½ ds Hkhrj vlaxfBr Jfed dke djrs gSaAus'kuy lsEiy losZ vkxZ~ukbts'ku ¼2004&05½ ds eqrkfcd —f"k vkSj okfudh esa dke djusokys 99-9 çfr'kr] eNyhikyu esa 98-7 çfr'kr] [knkuksa esa 64-4 çfr'kr] esuqQsDpfjax esa87-7 çfr'kr] fuekZ.k esa 92-4 çfr'kr] Fkksd vkSj QqVdj O;kikj esa 98-3 çfr'kr] gksVyvkSj jsLVksjsaV~l esa 96-7 çfr'kr vkSj ifjogu] HkaMkj.k vkSj lapkj esa 82-2 çfr'kr dksvlaxfBr {ks= ds dkexkj viuh lsok,¡ nsrs gSaA fj;y ,LVsV esa 81-4 çfr'kr vkSj foÙkh;laLFkkuksa] fTl,; cSad esa 32-4 çfr'kr yksx vlaxfBr gSaA gky gh esa QqVdj O;kikj esa 51Qhlnh fons'kh fuos'k dh uhfr ykxw djus ds ihNs rdZ nsrs gq, ljdkj] dkiksZjsV~l vkSjvesfjdk ds jk"Vªifr cjkd vksckek us rdZ fn, fd QqVdj cktkj esa T;knkrj yksx vlaxfBr{ks= ls gSa vkSj fons'kh fuos'k mudh fLFkfr lq/kkjsxk] ij ljdkj ;g D;ksa ugha crkrh fdfj;y ,LVsV] gksVy] fuekZ.k vkSj Fkksd O;kikj esa rks fons'kh fuos'k vk pqdk gS] ogka vlaxfBr85

{ks= dh fLFkfr esa D;ksa cnyko ugha vk;k\ ogka ij tc etnwj vius osru vkSj gdksa dsfy, yMrs gSa] rks mu ij xksfy;ka pyrh gSa] etnwj ejrs gSa ij fQj Hkh ljdkj iwathifr dsi{k esa gh dM+h gksrh gS] D;wafd dkuwuu dksbZ Hkh fu;ksäk etnwj ds çfr tokcns; ugha gSAtjk bldh gdhdr vkadM+ksa esa ns[krs gSaA o"kZ 1999&2000 esa ns'k esa dqy 39-64 djksM+jkstxkjjr yksx Fks] bues ls 36-267 djksM+ ¼;kuh 91-5 çfr'kr½ yksx vlaxfBr ;kvukSipkfjd dkexkj ds :i esa oxhZ—r FksA fLFkfr esa cnyko gqvk] dke ds volj c

x;k Fkk fd mnkjhdj.k vkSj cktkj ds [kqysiu ls csjkstxkjh dk ladV nwj gks tk,xkA Hkkjrljdkj }kjk xfBr us'kuy deh'ku Qkj ,aVjçkblsl bu n vuvkxZukbTM lsDVj ¼2004½ dseqrkfcd Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjksa dh la[;k 5-74 djksM+ FkhA /;ku jf[k;sxk] ;g og nkSj Fkk tcns'k vkSj nqfu;k esa vkFkZd eanh ugha FkhA lgh ckr ;g Hkh gS vke O;fä dks vxj ;gcrk;k tk, fd vki gesa futhdj.k vkSj mnkjhdj.k dh uhfr;ksa dks ykxw djus dh Lora=rkns nks] D;wafd vki lcdks ,d csgrj ftUnxh] Å¡pk thou Lrj vkSj miHkksäkoknh jlkLoknudjus ds cgqfodYih; volj feysaxsA yksx lksprs jgs] ;g uhfr rks cf

gekjs fy, pqukSrh gSA gesa ogka ls yksxksa dks fudky dj nwljs {ks=ksa esa ykuk gS] ij nwljs{ks=ksa esa brus jkstxkj iSnk dj ikuk laHko gS D;k\—f"k {ks= ds detksj fd;k x;k] lfClMh nsuk de fd;k x;k] futh {ks= ls çfrLi/kkZ djusds fy, fcuk gfFk;kj fdlkuksa dks cktkj ds j.k esa /kdsy fn;k x;kA o"kZ 1998 esa Hkkjrdh 54-4 çfr'kr tul¡[;k —f"k ij fuHkZj Fkh] 2008 esa ;g ?kV dj 49-3 çfr'kr ijvk x;hA çfr'kr /kks[kk nsrs gSa] lp ;g gS fd dqy la[;k 54-4 djksM+ ls c

10- ljdkj cnyha] ij D;k gS] tks ugha cnyk!1. l=goha 'krkCnh esa fczVsu dh ,d daiuh O;kikj djus Hkkjr vkbZA vc Hkh vk jghgSa vkSj csgn lEeku ds lkFk fuos’k ds uke ij vkeaf=r tk jgh gSaA2. ml daiuh us jkT; ds Hkz"V vQljksa vkSj cM+s O;kikfj;ksa dks vius lkFk feykdj ,slhuhfr;ka cuokbZa] ftlls ekgkSy daiuh ds lkFk gks tk,A vkt Hkh ubZ uhfr;ksa ds rgr,slk gh gks jgk gSA blesa varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkk,a vkSj oSf'od eap daifu;ksa ds fy, iSjohdjrs gSaA3. bZLV bafM;k daiuh us Hkh ;gka ds O;kikj ij dCtk fd;kA ;gka ds mRiknu pØ vkSjmRiknu O;oLFkk dks vius fu;a=.k esa fd;k] vukt] lwr vkSj elkyksa dh txg ijvQhe vkSj uhy dk mRiknu djok;kA vkt Hkh dEifu;ka r; dj jgh gSa fd [ksr esavkSj m|ksx esa D;k iSnk gksuk pkfg,A4. rc Hkh daiuh dgrh Fkha fd ge iwath yk,axs ij iwath ykbZa ugha cfYd Hkkjr ls vjcksadh laifÙk ys xbZaA vkt Hkh fons’kh daifu;kaa ;gh dgrh gSaa ysfdu djrh ogh gSa] tks bZLVbafM;k daiuh us fd;k Fkk] ;kuh LFkkuh; iwath dh ywVA5. tgka ykHk dekus vkSj volj nsus dh ckr vkbZ rc bZLV bafM;k daiuh vkSj fczfV'kljdkj us mÙkjh vesfjdk] ;wjksi vkSj fczVsu ds yksxksa dks Qk;nk igaqpk;kA vc Hkh lykg]rduhd] dkS'ky vkSj czkaM ds uke ij ykHknk;h volj ;s daifu;ka vius ns'k dks ystkrh gSaA6. tc ;wjksi] vesfjdk] fczVsu esa gh eanh gS] ogka jkstxkj ugha gSa] rks ;s daifu;ka Hkkjr esafuos'k djus ds fy, D;ksa vkuk pkgsaxh Hkyk\ vk,axh] lalk/ku ywVus! gekjh ljdkjmudh ;g dgdj iSjoh djrh gS fd blls iwath vk,xh] jkstxkjh vk,xk vkSj voljc