ICMPD-Review-2015

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ICMPD Annual Report 2015 18 In Focus 2015 REGISTERED SYRIAN REFUGEES AND ASYLUM APPLICANTS, JUNE 2016 Sources: UNHCR; Eurostat. Does not include Syrians awaiting registration and resettled refugees. EU figures 2011-1st Quarter of 2016 inclusive. 1% 2% 4% 12% 19% 12% 50% Turkey Lebanon Jordan Iraq Egypt North Africa (other than Egypt) All 28 EU MS None of the four hosting countries apply the 1951 UN Convention definition of a refugee to those fleeing the war in Syria. This means that people fleeing Syria are subject to specific ad hoc regulations issued prior to and since the outbreak of the war and the beginning of the forced migration movement. On the other hand, Syria, Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq have all ratified the 2000 UN Trafficking Protocol and passed legislation criminalising human trafficking. The majority of displaced Syrians are not living in camps In Syria, just 26% of internally displaced people (IDPs) are in camps. Similarly, in all of the four hosting countries, the majority of Syrians are living outside of official refugee camps, among host communities. Lebanon has not authorised the setting up of any official refugee camps for Syrians, while in Iraq the proportion is 39%, in Jordan 21% and in Turkey 10% of all registered refugees. This affects refugees’ and IDPs’ access to essential humanitarian aid and other services like education, accommodation, vocational training and healthcare. Host communities have also been affected by the war and displacement, particularly the areas within each of the countries that have received higher proportions of IDPs and refugees. People are vulnerable because of the war and violence itself, but also because of the legal and institutional systems that they must navigate The violence that has characterised many parts of Syria since 2011, and certain areas within Iraq since mid-2014, has affected people in those territories and those who have fled abroad in a myriad of ways. The complexity of their situations is influenced by the war and violence itself, but also by the legal and institutional systems that they must navigate within Syria and in the four hosting countries in order to maintain a legal status, seek employment and generate income, access humanitarian aid and public services, and seek legal redress if they are victims of abuse. The desperation of some of these people, who cannot provide for sustenance, accommodation and essential services for themselves and their families, can lead to them exploiting members of their own families. Nevertheless, not all exploiters and traffickers in this context are themselves in a situation of vulnerability, as others exploit and traffic vulnerable people as a form of war profiteering. In addition, a multitude of child protection issues arise in the context of the conflict and the refugee crisis, particularly children remaining out of school and not having birth registration, placing them more at risk of being trafficked.
ICMPD Annual Report 2015 19 In Focus 2015 General Vulnerabilities arising from Syrian War Humanitarian situation Legal status Lack of migration alternatives Child protection incl. child labour + early marriages Vulnerability to trafficking in persons Discrimination + sexual and gender-based violence Impoverishment Lack of income Survival sex + other in-kind transactions Gaps in antitrafficking response Poor working conditions Lack of access to services Desperation of some exploiters Impact on host communities Trafficking cases Armed Conflict Domestic Servitude Sexual Exploitation Forced Marriage Labour Exploitation The war and displacement have also caused added vulnerability for migrants and refugees whose situation was already precarious prior to 2011 and who were in Syria when the war broke out, including: Palestinian refugees from Syria; Iraqi refugees; Stateless people; Refugees of other origins, particularly from Afghanistan, Sudan and Somalia; and migrant domes tic workers from South and Southeast Asia and East Africa. A risk is that internal movement facilitation or migrant smuggling can develop into trafficking in persons Some refugees and displaced people have started to move on to countries outside the region, particularly EU Member States. While they are still within the five countries under study, the need to pay substantial sums of money - and possibly become indebted - to facilitators of internal movement and migrant smugglers is causing people to resort to risky methods of obtaining that money, rendering them vulnerable to trafficking. One major risk is that a situation of internal movement facilitation or migrant smuggling can de velop into one of trafficking in persons. There is no significant increase in the identification of trafficked people by the authorities The effects of the war and refugee crisis, placing people in a situation of increased vulnerability to trafficking in persons, have in some cases resulted in actual trafficking cases. This has not, manifested itself in a significant increase in the identification by the authorities of trafficking related to the war and refugee crisis.
Page 1 and 2: Migration is about people. Annual R
Page 3 and 4: ICMPD in a nutshell General Founded
Page 5 and 6: Migration is about people. Annual R
Page 7 and 8: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 3 5 Questi
Page 9 and 10: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 5 5 Questi
Page 11 and 12: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 7 Editoria
Page 13 and 14: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 9 Editoria
Page 15 and 16: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 11 REMITTA
Page 17 and 18: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 13 In Focu
Page 21: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 17 In Focu
Page 29 and 30: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 25 Asylum
Page 31 and 32: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 27 Irregul
Page 33 and 34: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 29 Researc
Page 35 and 36: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 31 Dialogu
Page 41 and 42: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 37 Capacit
Page 55 and 56: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 51 Cross-C
Page 57 and 58: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 53 Cross-C
Page 59 and 60: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 55 Miscell
Page 61 and 62: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 57 Executi
Page 63 and 64: Budget Execution Expenditures in 20

ICMPD-Review-2015

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