ICMPD-Review-2015

More documents

Recommendations

Info

ICMPD Annual Report 2015 20 In Focus 2015 “… but the most common type of exploitation is at a lower level, involving fathers, mothers, husbands, extended family, acquaintances and neighbours.” People officially identified as trafficked in the countries under study since 2011 are mainly from Syria, North Africa, South and Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe. Also, in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq, national citizens were identified as trafficked internally. Most of the trafficking routes originating outside of the region continued largely unaffected by the Syrian War. The research shows that the five countries under study have made significant efforts to respond to the displacement of IDPs and refugees. However, the incidence of trafficking in persons, and the nature and extent of vulnerabilities to trafficking, have been affected in a number of ways. These effects are partly related to the sheer magnitude of the displacement and partly to the legal, policy, infrastructural, security and socio-economic contexts in these five countries. The most common type of exploitation involves family members, acquaintances and neighbours. The classic organised crime paradigm commonly used for understanding trafficking does not fit neatly onto the actual situation of people trafficked or vulnerable to trafficking in the context of the Syrian conflict. Very severe forms of exploitation and trafficking are indeed taking place, committed by highly organised criminal networks, but the most common type of exploitation is at a lower level, involving fathers, mothers, husbands, extended family, acquaintances and neighbours. Child labour and child begging have been affected in the sense that conditions have become more severe, with more serious abuses of children’s rights. The incidence of these phenomena has also increased overall. In most of the cases revealed through this re s earch, trafficking is not a cross-border phenomenon re lat ed to the migratory movement itself, though cross-border trafficking is present in some cases. In gen eral, the forms of trafficking in evidence target the vulnerabilities caused by displacement post facto, with the trafficking process beginning when IDPs and refugees are already among host communities. Some forms of trafficking have emerged that are directly related to the war. This is the case for trafficking by Da’ish (ISIS) for sexual slavery, forced marriage and exploitation in armed conflict; and forced marriage and exploitation in armed conflict by other parties in the Syrian war. Nevertheless, not all forms of human trafficking have been influenced by the Syrian crisis. Indeed, the trafficking of migrants — most of them women — for exploitation in domestic servitude continues, and was only marginally affected by the refugee crisis in host countries. Even within Syria, since the start of the conflict in 2011, some migrant workers continue to be exploited in domestic servitude. Worsening forms of child labour, child trafficking for labour exploitation, exploitation through begging, and trafficking for sexual exploitation affected peo - ple in the countries under study before the war, but have now increased among Syrians. Particularly in the case of sexual exploitation, a certain replacement effect is in evidence, with Syrian women and girls exploited in prostitution, where before people trafficked for this purpose were of other nationalities.
ICMPD Annual Report 2015 21 In Focus 2015 The primary focus is prevention of trafficking Because anti-trafficking capacities are significantly affected by the ongoing war and related conflicts in Syria and Iraq, and because the hosting countries are overwhelmed with the arrival of large groups of people fleeing Syria, ICMPD’s recommendations primarily address vulnerabilities to trafficking. The primary focus is therefore prevention of trafficking. However, the protection of trafficked people and the prosecution of perpetrators is also a central concern, and recommendations in this sense are also included. Policymakers and practitioners should therefore address low-level trafficking by family members and acquaintances, as well as by organised criminal groups, and identify trafficking among refugees and provide protection to refugees who are trafficked. They should also address forms of trafficking directly related to the war and incorporate internal trafficking into anti-trafficking policy and initiatives. It is simi lar ly important to identify and respond to labour exploitation. In order to make this feasible, legal chan nels for settlement outside the region should be signifi cantly expanded, combined with investment in infrastructure and services in Syria’s neighbouring coun tries. Children are particularly in need of birth registration and access to schooling, while for women and girls, it is essential to combat gender-based dis crimination and reduce the risk of sexual and gender-based violence. Particularly in areas where there are high numbers of Syrians, the vulner abilities of host communities should also be addressed. By implementing these recommendations, we can contribute to reducing people’s vulnerability and increasing their resilience. We need to offer them alternatives that are not merely the ‘least bad option’, and provide them with what they need in order to better cope with the ravages of violence and displacement. In terms of the general situation of Syrian refugees, hosting countries and donors should also provide access to regular employment and regularisation of legal status, and guarantee sufficient funding and fair distribution of aid, including for non-camp refugees and IDPs. The study Targeting Vulnerabilities: The Impact of the Syrian War and Refugee Situation on Trafficking in Persons – A Study of Syria, Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq is the result of a research project: ‘Assessment of the Impact of the Syrian War and Refugee Crisis on Trafficking in Persons (AIS-TIP)’. The project was funded by the US Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (J/TIP) and implemented by ICMPD. The study can be downloaded in full, together with a Briefing Paper and Policy Brief based on the study, in English, Arabic, Turkish and Iraqi Kurdish.
Page 1 and 2: Migration is about people. Annual R
Page 3 and 4: ICMPD in a nutshell General Founded
Page 5 and 6: Migration is about people. Annual R
Page 7 and 8: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 3 5 Questi
Page 9 and 10: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 5 5 Questi
Page 11 and 12: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 7 Editoria
Page 13 and 14: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 9 Editoria
Page 15 and 16: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 11 REMITTA
Page 17 and 18: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 13 In Focu
Page 23: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 19 In Focu
Page 29 and 30: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 25 Asylum
Page 31 and 32: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 27 Irregul
Page 33 and 34: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 29 Researc
Page 35 and 36: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 31 Dialogu
Page 41 and 42: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 37 Capacit
Page 55 and 56: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 51 Cross-C
Page 57 and 58: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 53 Cross-C
Page 59 and 60: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 55 Miscell
Page 61 and 62: ICMPD Annual Report 2015 57 Executi
Page 63 and 64: Budget Execution Expenditures in 20

ICMPD-Review-2015

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?