Vijayarekha October 2017

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1 st October 2017 TALENT A C A D E M Y VIJAYAREKHA Volume V Issue No. 10 PSC a’c- ]- c- o£mamknI PSC ]co-£-Iƒ°p≈A]q¿∆hkvXp-X-IƒDƒs∏-SpØnXøm-dm-°n-b-Xv Xcw-K-N-e\w Iº\wsNøp∂HcphkvXp-hns‚ kzm`m-hnIBhr-Ønbpw{]tWm-ZnX shZypXn{]hl- n°- p∂HcpNme- IWn-I-I-fpsSIº\waqewam[y-a- Iº-\-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-Ip∂hkvXp- I-Øn¬D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂Xm]- Øns‚Hcp`mK-Øp-≠m-Ip∂a¿±w hns‚kzm`m-hnIBhr-ØnbpwXpey- am-Ip∂Ahÿ Øns‚Afhv shZypX- {- ]h- mlXo{ha‰p`mK-ß-fn-te°v hym]n-°p∂Xv Xb- psSh¿KØ- ns- ‚bpw,NmeI- Ø- n- s‚{]Xnt- cm[- Ø- ns- ‚bpw,shZypXn XcwK- N- e- \w A\p-\mZw(Resonance) {]hl- n°- p∂kab- Ø- ns- ‚bpwKpW- XcwK- ß- fpsS{][m\XcwX- nc- nh- pI- ƒAta-cn-°-bnseSmt°mamXq°p-]m-e- \-^-e-Øn\v Xpey-am-bn-cn-°pw. bm{¥nIXcw-K-ßƒ, Øns‚XI¿®bv°v (1940\hw-_¿7) shZyp-X-Im-¥nIXcw-K-ßƒ Imc-W-amb{]Xn-`mkw H = I 2 RT {]k-c-W-Øn\v am[yawBh-iy-amb A\p-\mZw XcwK- ß- ƒ Xq°p]- me- Ø- ne- qsS]ḿf- °- mscam¿®v Ah-\n¬sat{Im-th-hpw,C≥U- £≥Ip°-dn¬FÕn-I-d‚p-amWv Xm]wD¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. bm{¥nIXcw-K-ßƒ sNbvXv t]mIm≥A\p-h-Zn-°m-Ø-Xn\v DZm:PeX- c- wK- ß- ƒ,i_vZX- c- wK- ß- ƒImcWw {]k-c-W-Øn\v am[yawBh-iy-an- A\p-\mZw √mØXcw-K-ßƒ i_vZ-Øns‚Bh¿Ø\{]Xn- shZypXk¿Iyq- ń¬kpc-£bv°mbnD]-tbm-Kn-°p∂D]-I-cWw kpc£m^yqkv shZyp-X-Im-¥nIXcw-K-ßƒ ]-X\w{]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ ^yqkv hb-dns‚khn-ti-jX DZm:tdUntbmXcw-K-ßƒ,{]Imi D]-I-c-W-ßƒ XcwK- ß- ƒ Xmgv∂{Zh-Wm-hpwDb¿∂ tlm¨,sÃX-kvtIm-∏v,ku≠v {]Xn-tcm-[hpw bm{¥nIXcw-K-ß-fpsS{][m\Xcw- t_m¿Up-Iƒ,saKm-t^m¨ ^yqkv hb¿\n¿Ωn®- nc- n°- p∂temlßƒ˛Sn≥,seUv Xn-cn-hp-Iƒ Bh¿Ø\{]Xn-]-X-\-Øns‚êambnXpS¿®-bmbnD≠m-Ip∂apg°w A\p-{]ÿXcw-Kw, HcpD]-I-c-W-Øns‚]hdpwAXn¬ A\psZ¿LyX- c- wKw A\pc- W- \w(Reverberation) \¬Ip∂thmƒtṔpwXΩn-ep≈ {i≤n-°pI A\p-]mXw˛Bº-b-tdPv shZyp-Xn-bpsS]nXmhv Nme-I-°-ºn-bpsShymk-Øns‚ sa°nƒ^mcsU hyp¬{Iaw˛tKPv Xpe-\-ÿm-\-Øp-\n∂v HcpIWn-Ibv°v D≠m-Ip∂G‰hpwIqSnbÿm\m- tKPv IqSp-tºmƒNme-I-Øns‚I\w HcpNme-IwNen-°p-tºmƒAXn- ¥cw(a) ˛BbXn(Amplitude) Ipd-bp-IbpwBº-b-tdPv Ipd-bp- kam\Iº-\m-h-ÿ-bn-ep≈ASp-Ø-SpØc≠p- I-Wn-I-IƒXΩn-ep≈AIew IbpwsNøp-∂p. ? ˛XcwK- s- sZ¿Lyw(Wave length) Hcpsk°‚n-ep-≠m-Ip∂Iº-\-ß-fpsSFÆw˛BhrØn(Hz) Hcpsk°‚psIm≠v XcwKwk©-cn-°p∂Zqcw˛XcwKthKX(v) am[y-a-ØnseIWn-I-IƒXcw-K- i_vZ-Øns‚{]Xn-[z\nA\p-`-h-s∏- Øns‚t{]j-W-Zn-ibv°v ew_-ambn Sp∂{]ikvXtKm]p-c-ßƒ Iº\wsNøp∂Xcw-K-ßƒ a¿actKm]pcw(e≠- ≥) A\p-{]ÿXcw-K-ßƒ tKm¬Kpw_kv (I¿WmS- I- ) Du¿÷-X{¥w Pqƒ\nbaw shZyp-X-Im-¥nI t{]cWw HcpshZypXk¿°yq- ńse Im¥nI^vfIvkn\v am‰-ap-≠m-IptºmƒBk¿Iyq- ń¬shZypXn t{]cn-X-am-Ip∂{]Xǹmkw shZypXIm¥nIt{]cWw ep-≠m-Ip∂t{]cnXshZyp-Xn- bpsSZniIs≠-Ønbimkv{X- C≥Im≥U-sk‚v emw]p-I-fn¬D]- ⁄≥ tbm-Kn-°p∂^ne-sa‚v tPm¨Bwt{_mkv ^vsfanwKv SMvÃ¨ XpS¿®-bmbnHtcZni-bn¬{]h-ln- Ct∏mƒkm[mc- W- b- mbnC≥Im≥Usk‚v emºp-I-fn¬\nd-bv°p∂ t\¿[mcmshZypXn(DC) °p∂shZypXn hmXIw˛s\{SP- ≥ CS-th-f-I-fn¬Zni-am-dn-s°m-≠n-cn- °p∂shZypXn C≥Im≥U-sk‚v emºp-I-fn¬Aekh- mX- Iw\ndb- v°p∂- X- ns‚ImcWw {]Xymh- ¿Øn[mcmshZypXn(AC) am[y-a-ØnseIWn-I-IƒXcw-K- _mjv]o-I-cWwIpd-bv°m≥ bm{¥n-tIm¿÷sØshZyp-tXm¿- Øns‚k©m-c-Zn-ibv°v kam-¥-cambnIº\wsNøp∂Xcw-K-ßƒ shZypX{]hm-l-Øns‚Xm]-êw tImbn-en¬te]\wsNbvXn-cn-°p∂ P\-td-‰-dp-Iƒ shZyp-X-{]-hmlw ^vfqd-sk‚v emw]p-I-fnselo‰nwKv ÷-am-°p∂D]-I-cWw A\p- sZ¿LyX-cw-K-ßƒ \n¿∆-Nn-°p∂\nbaw ]Zm¿∞w F.-kn.P\-td-‰-dns‚`mK-ßƒ tXmdnbwHmIv skUv Xcw-K-N-e-\-Øn\v DZm-l-cWw ô¬Uv Im¥w,B¿ta-®¿, Pqƒ\nbaw i_vZ-X-cw-K-ßƒ ^vfqd-sk‚v emw]p-I-sf-°mƒImcy- …n∏v dnwKvkv,{_jv shZyp-Xn-bpsSXm]-êw{]tbm-P- £-a-amb_ƒ_v P\-td-‰-dp-I-fn¬\n›èmKsØ hmbp-hn-eq-sS-bp≈i_vZ-th-KsØ \-s∏-Sp-Øp∂D]-I-c-W-ßƒ kn.-F-^v.-F¬ tÃ‰¿F∂pwId-ßp∂`mKsØ kzm[o-\n-°p∂LS-I-ßƒ shZypXm]\D]-I-c-W-ßƒ kn.-F-^v.-F¬˛s\-°mƒIpd tdḿ¿F∂pwAdn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. B¿{Z-X,km{µ-X, lo‰nwKv tImbn-ep-Iƒ\n¿Ωn-®n-cn- ]h-¿Bh-iy-am-b-hbpwIqSp-X¬ ]h¿P\-td-‰-dp-I-fn¬ô¬Uv Dujvamhv °p∂temlkcw {]ImiwXcp-∂-Xp-amb_ƒ_v Im¥-ßƒ°v th≠Un.-kn. B¿{ZXIqSpt- ºmƒi_vZt- hKw \nt{Imw F¬.-C.-Un. shZypXn\¬Ip-∂Xv IqSp∂p \nt{Ima- n¬ASß- nb- nc- n°- p∂temlßƒ kn.-F^v.F¬emºp-I-fnepwAS-ßn- ayqNz¬C≥U-£≥XØzwA\p- ^vfqd-sk‚v Syq_p-I-fnepw FIv sk-‰-dp-Iƒ HmtcmhkvXphpwkzX-{¥-ambn Iº\wsNøp∂BhrØn \n°¬,t{Imanb- w,Ccpº- ,v amwK\- okv bn-cn-°p∂{]Ir-Xn°v lm\n-I-c-amb k-cn®v {]h¿Øn-°p∂D]-I-cWw kzm`m-hnIBhrØn LSIw˛sa¿°pdn_mjv]w {Sm≥kvt^m-a¿ lo‰nwKv tImbn¬C√msXm]w Iº\wsNøp∂HcphkvXp-hns‚ bqWn‰v ka-b-Øn¬HcpshZypX Hcpk¿Iyq- ńseshZypX{]hmlØ- ne- p≠- mI- p∂am‰ß- sfFXn¿- D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂D]-I-c-W-ßƒ t{]c-W-aqewas‰mcphkvXp-hn-ep-≠m- D]-I-cWwhn\n-tbm-Kn-°p∂shZyptXm¿÷w °p∂tImbn-ep-Iƒ sat{Imt- hv Ah≥,C≥U£- ≥ Ip∂Iº\w Ip°¿ {]tWmZ- nXIº\w shZypX]h¿ C≥U-IvS-dp-Iƒ www.talentacademy.co.in 17
1 st October 2017 TALENT A C A D E M Y VIJAYAREKHA Volume V Issue No. 10 PSC a’c- ]- c- o£mamknI I¿Øm-hn\v (subject) {]m[m\yw Passive voice te°v am‰pt- ºmƒCu pronoun BWv subject Bbnhcp- \¬Ip∂hmIysØActive Voice sentence se‘object’ passive ∂-sX-n¬passive voice ¬Agent (I¿Øcn{]tbm-Kw)F∂pwI¿Ω- voice ¬subject BIpw.At∏mƒ Bbnamdp-tºmƒXmsg-°m-Wp∂ Øn\v (object) {]m[m\yw\¬Ip∂ BZywFgpt- X≠- Xv mangoes. ASp- coXn-bn¬cq]-am‰wkẁ-hn-°p-∂p. NnehmIyßhmIysØPassive Voice (I¿ΩWn Ø-Xmbn‘be’ form tN¿°-Ww. bn-cn-°pw. {]tbmKw)F∂pw]d-bp-∂p. hmIywsimple present Bb-XpsIm≠v is/am/are F∂n-h-bn-te-sX- Subject voice ¬Agent Active voice sePassive eg: Rama killed Ravana. cma≥cmh-Ws\sIm∂p.Cu nepwH∂v tN¿°-Ww.ChnsS hmIywActive Voice BWv.CXv ‘Mangoes’ F∂Xv plural BbX- p- I me passive voice ¬Ravana was killed sIm≠v ‘are’ Xs∂.At∏mƒ We us by Rama F∂mbnamdp-∂p. mangoes are F∂m-bn.C\nverb He him Active Voice DwPassive voice Dw s‚past participle form tN¿°W- w. ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ She her ChnsSverb ‘eat’ CXns‚past \nb-a-ßƒa\x-∏m-T-am-°-Ww. They them participle ‘eaten’ F∂mW- v. 1. Transitive verb (k-I¿Ω-I-{In-b) It it ASß- nbhmIysØam{Xtapassive Ct∏mƒ‘Mangoes are eaten’ F∂mbn.C\nActive voice sesubject You you Øn\v èn°voice te°v am‰m≥Ign-bq. Intransitive verb (A-I¿Ω-I-{In-b) passive voice ¬Agent Bbnhcpsa∂v \Ωƒ]Tn®- nt√?At∏mƒ Cw•oj- n¬12 Tense forms D≈X- n¬ s\passive voice te°v am‰m≥Ignbn-√.ImcWwIntransitive verb \v hmIy-Ønsesubject Bb‘she’ 8FÆØ- n\pam{Xtapassive voice D≈q. Object C√F∂XpXs∂. passive voice ¬agent Bbnhcp- 2. Active voice se‘Object’sIm≠mb- n- cn-°Wwpassive voice Bcẁ- nt- °- ≠Xv 3. Active voice se‘subject’ passive voice ¬‘Agent’ Bbnamdp-∂p. 4. Passive voice ¬Agent \v apºnembn‘by’ F∂hm°v tN¿°-Ww. 5. Active voice seTense Xs∂-bm-bncn-°WwPassive voice epwhtc-≠- X.v 6. Main Verb s‚Past Participle form BWv Passive voice ¬D]t- bmK- nt- °- ≠X- v. 7. Passive voice ¬past participle verb \v apºn-embnhmIyØn\v A\p-tbm- Active Voice Passive Voice Py-ambn‘Be’ tbm‘Be’ bpsSCX-c-cq- ]-ß-fmbis, am, are, was, were, 1. Simple Present Object + is/am/are + PPV + by + agent being, been F∂n-h-bn-te-sX-nepw He writes novels Novels are written by him Active voice seTense \v A\p-kcn®v D]-tbm-Kn-°Ww. 2. Present Continuous Object+ is / am/ are + being + PPV + by + agent He is writing a novel A novel is being written by him C{XbpwImcy-ßƒa\x-∏m-T-am- Active Voice ¬D≈NnehmIyß- ƒHe has written a novel passive voice te°v am‰nt\m°mw. 4. Simple past °ntbm?Fn¬C\n\ap°v 3. Present Perfect A novel has been written by him Object + was / were + PPV + by + agent Object + have /has + been + PPV + by + agent She eats mangoes. He wrote a novel A novel was written by him CsXmcpsimple present ep≈Active voice hmIya- mW- v. CXnsesubject = she verb = eats object = Mangoes 5. Past continuous Object + was / were + being + PPV + by + agent He was writing a novel A novel was being written by him 6. Past Perfect Object + had + been + PPV + by + agent He had written a novel A novel had been written by him Direct Object and Indirect Object eg: He gave me a pen f- n¬c≠v ‘Object’ D≠m- Hcpsentence ¬‘Object’ Dt≠mC√tbmF∂v I≠p]- nS- n°- p∂- X- n\v verb t\mSv ‘what’ or ‘whom’ F∂v tNmZn- ®m¬aXn.DØcwèn-°p-I-bm-sW- n¬AXmWv BhmIy-Ønse Object. C\nc≠v tNmZy-Øn\pw DØcwèn-°p-I-bm-sW-n¬‘what’ F∂tNmZyØ- n\v èn°- p∂DØc- a- m- Wv Direct Object. Whom F∂tNmZy- p∂DØc- a- mWv Indirect Object. ChnsS\ap°v tNmZyw tNmZn®pt\m°mw. He gave me ____ what ? = a pen He gave a pen ___ whom ? = me ∂p.passive voice ¬agent tN¿°p- 1. Present Perfect Continuous ‘me’ bpw‘a pen’ Dwgave F∂verb ∂-Xn\v apºmbnHcpImcywIqSn 2. Past Perfect Continuous s‚‘objects’ BWv.CuhmIyØ- n¬ \ΩƒHm¿t°≠- X- p≠- v.F¥mW- Xv ‘a pen’ F∂-Xns\Direct Object 3. Future Continuous Hm¿Ωb- pt≠m?AXpX- s∂passive F∂pw‘me’ sbIndirect Object or 4. Future Perfect Continuous F∂o Personal Object F∂pw]d-bp-∂p. voice ¬agent \v apºmbnby F∂ hǹm-K-ß-sfpassive voice te°v hm°v tN¿°-Ww. At∏mƒ CØcwhmIy-ß-fn¬2 object D]- am‰m≥Ign-bn-√. Fßs\ tbm-Kn®pwpassive voice D≠m°- mh- p- Active voice ep≈Hcpsentence ∂X- mW- v. Mangoes are eaten by her. s\Passive voice te°v am‰pt- ºmƒ eg: 1. I was given a pen by him. ChnsSActive voice ¬subject Tense \pam‰whcn-√.F∂m¬ 2. A pen was given to me by him Bb‘she’ passive voice ¬‘her’ AXns‚LS-\-bn¬kẁ-hn-°p∂ Chb- n¬BZyt- ØX- n\- mWv (personal F∂mbnamdn-bXv {]tXyIw{i≤n- am‰-ßƒHcpNm¿ń-eqsSFfp-∏- °-Ww.AXm-bXv Active voice ¬ Øn¬\ap°v a\- n-em-°mw. object D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv)IqSpX¬ kzoImc- yX- . CuhmIy-Ønseverb Transitive 7. Simple Future Object + modal auxiliary + be + PPV + by + agent BtWmIntransitive BtWm? He will write a novel A novel will be written by him Transitive BWv.At∏mƒCu 8. Future Perfect Object + modal auxiliary + have + been + PPV + by + agent sentence s\passive voice te°v He will have written a novel A novel will have been written by him am‰m≥Ign-bpw. www.talentacademy.co.in 18
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Vijayarekha October 2017

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