offshore benefits digging deep lng turbine expanders - Cryostar

N°14
autumn 2009
OFFSHORE BENEFITS
The floating solution for LNG
LNG TURBINE EXPANDERS
A flash of Cryostar inspiration
DIGGING DEEP
Cryostar geothermal technology in German debut

EDITORIAL
Cryostar Magazine’s Spring issue celebrated our company’s
long term, core business segment – industrial gases. But it
is also increasingly obvious to those following trends in the
energy industry that both natural gas and liquefied natural
gas (LNG) are fuels to look to in the future. So it should
come as no surprise that Cryostar is present and making
use of its technical expertise at critical points all along the
natural gas production and distribution chain.
SUMMARY
3
Offshore Benefits
Cryostar regularly supplies the natural gas processing industry
with equipment. For instance, our news pages detail
agreements in Algeria worth over €7m to supply turbines
for natural gas processing plants. Other key technologies in
this area include Cryostar’s recent HPP pump technology,
designed with well stimulation applications in mind.
6
8
9
10
11
Liquid Expanders
Geothermal Project
API Standard
BOG Compressors
News
Training Centre
Cryostar’s liquid turbine is well established in the air
separation market. The company’s next move is to translate
this technology for the LNG audience. A derivative of the
turbo expander installed in natural gas treatment plants,
the new LNG flashing liquid expander based on radial
inflow turbine technology has the potential to become yet
another great success in Cryostar’s portfolio. More details
can be found on p6.
On the ground, Crystar has developed automatic compressed
and liquid natural gas fuelling station to fill natural
gas vehicles, and is involved in the LNG supply chain via its
truck-mounted transfer pumps. LNG carriers on the ocean
increasingly benefit from built in efficiency thanks to Cryostar
compressors, a natural choice to recover and transfer
the boil-off gas (BOG) produced as LNG ships unload (see
p10). BOG compressors may also be used during the LNG
storage and transport stages. With further LNG import terminals
planned worldwide, Cryostar’s proven technology
is ideally placed to optimise product volume and revenues,
while cutting the environmental impact.
Another instance of Cryostar is leading the pack is showcased
in the main article in this edition of Cryostar Magazine,
the LNG floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU).
Old-fashioned methods are rapidly falling away as the LNG
industry adapts to new developments in LNG transportation
and cargo handling processes. Moored at sea to take
on LNG, the FRSU is not only more cost-effective but also
gets around the issues associated with building terminals
on-shore. Cryostar’s EcoVAP regasification system is undergoing
final testing now.
Cryostar’s technologies for natural gas and LNG are found
in a number of the company’s business segments, but the
common theme is taking proven ideas and re-creating them
to stay one step ahead of tomorrow’s customer. If you want
to take a guess at the gas industry of the future, ask Cryostar.
We’re already there.
Daniel MEYER
President
2
Autumn 2009

OFFSHORE BENEFITS
Offshore benefits
The traditionally conservative LNG industry has recently embraced many changes
and new developments in LNG transportation and cargo handling processes.
The LNG floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) is one of the latest
technologies to enter the fray, resolving issues associated with cost and approvals
required for on-shore receiving terminals
Why an FSRU?
Onshore receiving terminals have three primary
requirements:
● A suitable site
● A large capital investment in storage tanks,
receiving jetties, vaporisation plant, pipework
and a means to treat the boil off gas (BOG)
during periods of low or no sendout
● Appropriate approvals from local authorities
and, more importantly, the local population
When compared to onshore terminals, FSRU
technology has a number of advantages.
Offshore terminals are located some distance
from the coast, which tends to reduce opposition
by local residents and make it easier to
gain local authority approvals. In addition,
construction time is relatively short and
considerably less expensive, making FSRUs
a good solution for fast capacity growth, or
short-term capacity requirements. Operators
moor a floating buoy offshore and connect a
suitably equipped LNG carrier/FSRU to feed
vaporized LNG into an undersea pipeline
linking the buoy to the NG distribution network.
Many regasification solutions are available
for onshore receiving terminals, whereas
the possibilities for offshore regasification
are limited. Offshore systems may use heat
from seawater for this process, but in some
areas this is banned and in others the sea is
relatively cool, making the plants larger and
more expensive.
Cryostar has developed three different technologies
using steam generated on board or
seawater as heating medium:
● EcoVAP GW – Steam/glycol water in an
intermediate loop system
● EcoVAP DST - A directly steam heated
water-bath
● EcoVAP SW - Sea water/propane intermediate
loop (patented).
Cryostar offers tailored processes to meet
the market’s needs, and to adapt to different
conditions of an offshore regasification
terminal location, especially local seawater
temperatures.
In simple terms LNG regasification is a
vaporization process
that requires
energy. When this
energy is provided
by the vessel itself
the regasification
system is referred
to as a closed-loop
system because
it re-uses energy
generated by the
FSRU. When the
heating energy is
provided by an
external source
(e.g. sea water),
the system is
referred to as an
open-loop system.
Autumn 2009
3

OFFSHORE BENEFITS
Fully operational
Discharge pressure of 100 to 120 bars is typically
required for offshore regasification. Determined
by onshore grid consumption, send-out rates will
require one or more regasification units. Units
are designed so that 16 to 100 percent of the
send-out range can be covered.
1 Module 2 Modules 3 Modules
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
LNG Flow (m3/h)
Cryostar’s EcoVAP system is equipped with the
following modules:
- LNG drum module, to feed the high pressure
pumps with LNG
- Booster pump module, to bring the LNG from
atmospheric storage pressure to the required high
pressure
- Vaporization module, to vaporize the high pressure
LNG
- Heating module, to adjust the required NG
temperature
Typical redundancy requirements provide for n+1
regasification units. So for three units in normal
operation, a fourth unit is supplied as backup.
This also allows maintenance on one unit without
interrupting delivery.
Lets go into more detail:
LNG drum module
The LNG drum module has three roles. It acts
as a buffer to damp process variations in case of
a cargo pump trip, ensure sufficient NPSH (net
positive suction head) for the booster pumps and
to function as a re-condenser for excess BOG
flow.
Booster pump module
Increasing natural gas pressure is far more efficient
while it is still in the liquid phase.
The booster pump module’s duty is therefore to
increase the pressure of the LNG to the required
pressure before vaporization takes place.
A typical booster pump module is equipped with
two 50 percent pumps having a total operation
range of 50 to over 120 bar discharge pressure,
with flow range of 120 to 500 m 3 /h. These pressure
and flow ranges are adjusted to customer
requirements.
The booster pump module is equipped with the
necessary lines, valves and instrumentation to
ensure smooth start-up and safe cool-down.
Cryostar equips Booster Pump Modules with
one or two booster pumps, although for added
5
From Booster
Pumps
1
LOOP A
Propane / LNG
Vaporizer
LC
Number of Operating Modules
flexibility, two pumps per module are generally
preferred. This configuration enables an operating
range from 10 percent to 100 percent of
design send-out rates.
Vaporization and heating
The Vaporization module performs the LNG
phase change, while the heating module adjusts
the send-out temperature to the required levels.
Typical send-out temperatures are 0 to 10°C, but
customers can also request higher temperatures.
The heating medium for this process is seawater.
The set up uses propane in an intermediate loop
to avoid direct contact between LNG/NG and
seawater.
Vaporization and heating loop schematics
4
3
2
LOOP B
Propane / NG
Heater
LC
Send-out
Propane Loops
Sea Water Loop
In the loop
Propane Loop A performs the phase change from
LNG to NG. In each loop, a seamless pump circulates
liquid propane, which then enters a plate
heat exchanger going against the seawater
current. Within the heat exchanger, the propane
partially vaporizes. The system is equipped with
a separator that sends the propane vapour to the
LNG/NG loop. From here from, the separated
liquid travels back to the propane tank and recirculates.
Vaporized propane vapour enters a printed
circuit LNG/NG heat exchanger, where heat
4
Autumn 2009

OFFSHORE BENEFITS
from the propane condensation vaporizes the
LNG, and superheats the NG. In the LNG/NG
heat exchanger, the propane in re-condensed and
flows to the propane tank.
Propane Loop B adjusts the temperature to meet
send-out requirements, using exactly the same
process as described above, but with different
operating set points. Apart from propane inventory
storage, the propane tank provides a suitable
NPSH for the circulation pumps.
System control
During transient operations - such as stand-by,
start-up and stop - the propane loop process selfregulates
and pressure in the propane loop will
float according to the thermal load (flow and
pressure) of both LNG and sea water.
In stand-by mode, the propane loop pressure will
vary according to the ambient conditions. For
example, at 30°C the propane loop will settle to
around 11.5 bar, as shown on the graph on the
right.
(HAZOP), a dynamic simulator and pilot plant
testing during 2009.
To demonstrate the new process to customers,
Cryostar invested in a 1 MW regasification test
plant. This unique situation allows full process
testing and validation of its control philosophy,
on a reasonably large scale. This pilot also helps
to optimise full-size plant performance by carrying
out dedicated testing of heat exchangers,
flow, transient operations and other special
conditions.
A team of over 30 people was dedicated to this
project to fast track testing to October 2009.
After demonstration to shipyards, ship owners,
charterers and consultants, Cryostar will be
able to offer a proven, fully engineered and safe
system.
Winning qualities
● EcoVAP SW is designed to ensure safe regasification
● No direct contact between LNG/NG and sea
water
● Maintainability is one of the key design criteria
● Modular design allows simple process integration
with vessel systems
Cryostar boasts
● Over 1000 cryogenic pumps delivered annually
● Over 750 heat exchangers and mist separators
delivered
● Over 900 cryogenic compressors delivered
● Over 30 years experience with offshore LNG
operation on LNG carriers
● Experienced team of service engineers, worldwide
based
● Branches and service centres in five countries
and representatives in many more
Proven design
Cryostar embarked on a complex process to ensure
its fully developed and qualified technology
was market-ready.
The first step was to work closely with DNV to
achieve New Technology Qualification status.
This process includes hazard identification
studies (HAZID), failure mode and effects
analysis (FMEA), hazard and operability studies
Pilot plant vital statistics
Regasification Duty…
● 12 tons/h – 1/15 of real plant size
● 1MW vaporization unit – 1/40 of real plant size
Additional Equipment planned for the test
● 50m 3 LN2 tank
● 5m 3 Propane storage tank
● Booster pump unit built in addition to the vaporization
system
● Water supply system
● Pilot plant controlled through I/O system (similar to
IAS used on LNG carriers)
● Process control station (multi-screen data acquisition
station with direct pressures, flows, temperatures and
levels)
CRYOSTAR EcoVAP,
A Step Change in LNG HP Distribution……
Autumn 2009
5

LIQUID EXPANDERS
More efficiency in a flash
Now that Cryostar has successfully
established its liquid turbine in the air
separation plant market, the company’s
next move is to offer a similar turbine
to the liquid natural gas (LNG) industry.
The new LNG version is a derivative
of the turbo expander installed in
natural gas treatment plants. It’s clear
that this new product has the potential
to become yet another great success in
Cryostar’s portfolio.
Air separation inspiration
The air separation industry has often taken the lead
in developing cryogenic equipment that was later successfully
applied in an LNG industry context. Not
surprisingly, liquid expanders were first operated
in an air separation plant in the mid 1980s before
they were installed in a LNG plant about 10 years
later. Cryostar argues that the LNG industry can
take inspiration once again from the air separation
community when considering liquid expander installation
in an LNG plant. Cryostar’s liquid expanders
are based on the radial inflow turbine technology.
The advantages of using a liquid expander in parallel
with a Joule Thompson valve are well known and
documented. Two liquid expander applications are
possible in a LNG production plant. The first is to
expand high pressure LNG (from production) to low
pressure LNG (for storage). This application results
in pressure ratios over the expander in the range of
20 - 60. The second use is in the cooling medium loop
(mixed refrigerant). This application results in pressure
ratios over the expander in the range of 10 – 15.
Currently the only liquid expanders operating in
LNG plants are installed in series with a downstream
pressure control valve. These liquid expanders are
a derivative of submerged pumps, a technology
Cryostar knows well. Liquid expanders based on
this technology must avoid flashing at the expander
discharge. Flashing occurs when the liquid expands
rapidly to a pressure below the saturated liquid line.
The phenomenon can be illustrated by gas that is
released when opening a soda water bottle or when
popping the cork on a previously shaken bottle of
champagne.
The liquid expanders derived from submerged pumps
are designed in a multistage configuration with a
single shaft. These liquid expanders are particularly
unsuited for a flashing liquid because the flashing will
considerably upset the flow path. Flashing in a liquid
expander based on submerged pump technology
could lead to efficiency deterioration and flow choking.
This is why the purpose of the downstream valve
is to ensure that the liquid expander always operates
at a safe distance from the saturated liquid pressure
line.
Recent studies by Cryostar have shown that radial
inflow expander technology is much better suited for
the purpose of flashing liquid expansion. Cryostar’s
6 Autumn 2009

LIQUID EXPANDERS
liquid expanders are always designed in a single stage
configuration regardless of the pressure ratio. In its
behavior, a flashing liquid expander is closer to a
turbo expander operating with a saturated gas than
a reverse pump operating with a liquid. The turbo
expanders are generally designed and manufactured
to chapter four of American Petroleum Institute
standard API 617 (also see p9 for an article in this
issue on API 614) and are well known to the natural
gas treatment and ethylene industry. The expanders
could be successfully applied to the LNG industry too
- installing a flashing liquid expander could eliminate
the downstream pressure control valve and result in
more efficient heat extraction from the process fluid.
Cryostar offers a wide range of liquid expanders with
and without flashing at turbine discharge. The success
of this innovative engineering product is based
on the same components used in turbo expanders
that have proven their reliability over thousands of
operating hours.
Cash expander
For a typical LNG plant with a production of four
million tons of LNG per year, installing a liquid
expander without flashing in the LNG stream would
improve the plant throughput by about four percent
compared to the installation of a Joule-Thompson
valve. The installation of a liquid expander with
flashing in the LNG stream enhances this improvement
by yet another percentage point, resulting in
a total increase of plant throughput of about five
percent compared to one with a Joule-Thompson
valve. The difference of one percent LNG throughput
corresponds to 40,000 tons of LNG per year for the
above-mentioned LNG plant. At the LNG price of
€10/MWhr (approximately $4/MBTU) this adds up
to extra sales worth more than €6m per year.. This is
an increase in sales that is only due to the installation
of a single stage flashing liquid expander delivered by
Cryostar.
As well as offering clear advantages for all new LNG
plants, flashing liquid expanders can also be considered
to upgrade certain existing plants too.
Autumn 2009 7

GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Cryostar turns up the heat in Unterhaching
When Unterhaching Community Council decided
to install a safe and reliable CO 2
-free energy source
Cryostar was naturally interested. A technology
leader in cryogenic rotating machine design for several
decades, Cryostar’s expansion turbine is an ideal
fit for the new geothermal project, which involves
converting thermal water energy into electrical
energy, and using the geothermal water in parallel
for district heating.
Geothermal energy uses heat present deep in the
earth. Pumps bring hot water up from an aquifer
source, and this natural heat then vaporizes an appropriate
working fluid mixture with a boiling point
below 100°C. The vapour is expanded through a
radial inflow turbine, which drives a generator and
delivers electricity to the grid. The low-pressure vapour
condenses with an existing cold source, and the
pump returns the liquid to the evaporator to begin
the cycle again. Uses for the hot geothermal water
include district heating or electricity supply, before
it returns underground. The inlet geothermal water
begins the cycle at 122°C and the outlet temperature
is 60°C.
The Unterhaching Community Council also elected
to install a Kalina-based power plant cycle, supplied
by Siemens. A Kalina cycle is a closed cycle using a
mixture of ammonia and water. The patented Kalina
technology helps to produce CO 2
free energy.
For this project, Unterhaching asked Cryostar to
supply a TG-500 type expansion turbine, capable of
producing up to 3.7 MW of electricity from geothermal
heat. This turbine was adapted from the Cryostar
range of turbogenerators originally developed
for operation with natural gas in pressure let down
applications, ammonia/water mixtures for Kalina
applications or organic fluid for organic Rankine
cycle (ORC) applications.
The process fluid for the project contains 92 percent
8 Autumn 2009
ammonia and eight percent water. Cryostar experts
designed the TG 500 expander carefully to suit the
application in the form of a radial inflow turbine,
able to handle this corrosive mixture with a very low
consumption of sealing gas. In design conditions, this
turbine is capable of producing up to 3.5 MW with
the fluid flowing at 2100 ls-1 and a gas expansion
from 122°C at 20 bars to 6.9 bars. In addition to
increased efficiency, another great benefit of using a
radial inflow turbine lies in its standard execution
using variable inlet nozzles. This allows for smooth
seasonal variations inherent to a geothermal process,
and maximizes the power recovered throughout the
year.
Everyone now recognizes that we need to produce
energy without harming the environment. Using
its 3O-years of industrial gas experience, Cryostar
plans to further grow its business in this area, with
the development of its Lo-C (Low Carbon) clean
energy product line.
Photos (c) Geothermie Unterhaching GmbH & Co KG

API STANDARD
Oiling the wheels
Important components in Cryostar’s engineering, oil systems are governed by industry-wide standards. Fortunately,
the company’s engineers know these standards inside out.
Most of Cryostar’s expanders are equipped with oil-lubricated tilting pad bearings.
Oil systems are engineered according to application specifics, and are adapted to suit customers’ requirements
(customer specifications, specific local codes and standards).
The American Petroleum Institute (API) gives the recognized standard for oil
systems. For hydrocarbon applications, Cryostar strictly follows API 614, which
covers lubrication, shaft sealing and oil control systems and auxiliaries. The
U.S petroleum industry’s primary trade organization, the API is an accredited
American National Standards Organization (ANSI), which publishes around
500 standards.
Cryostar engineers have proven expertise with each of the four API 614 chapters.
The first chapter, ‘General requirements’ gives the minimum requirements
for piping, instrumentation, control, electrical system, inspection,
testing and preparation for shipment. This chapter is used in conjunction
with the other three chapters.
Chapter two is called ‘Special purpose oil systems,’ and is appropriate for equipment
designed for uninterrupted, continuous operation applications in critical service,
where there is usually no spare equipment. That means that all critical equipment (cooler,
pump, filter, control valves, etc.) are double-piped in a parallel arrangement. If equipment has to be isolated for
any reason, the operator can switch over to the stand-by equipment and perform maintenance or repairs without
stopping the expander. In this chapter, design requirements and sizing criteria are specified for all oil system components,
to ensure sufficient safety margins and increase reliability. Therefore, all of the main equipment benefits
from following the API. This type of oil system is shown in picture one. Cryostar’s experience with oil systems
covered in this chapter has been built upon 30
years of oil gas projects, with major players such
as Shell, Exxon, Technip, and JGC.
Chapter three, ‘General-purpose
oil systems,’ covers equipment
usually used as spare or in noncritical
service. That means that the
requirements are less stringent than
for chapter two, and single equipment
philosophy prevails (redundant
equipment can be used upon
request). Cryostar generally uses
this chapter as a guideline for
expanders in the industrial gas
market. A standard oil system
design using chapter three is
shown in picture two.
Chapter four covers ‘Self acting gas seal
support systems,’ and specifies requirements
for dry gas seals systems.
So in summary, oil systems designed according
chapter two have a larger footprint and a greater
cost than those designed with chapter three,
but they offer a higher availability by enabling
maintenance operations without stopping the
expander. Cryostar engineers take a lot of care in
designing oil systems, and the API614 standard
helps to maximize both our expanders’ reliability
and availability.
Autumn 2009
9

GREEN BOG COMPRESSORS
SOLUTION
Unloading the benefits
With plans for new LNG import terminals under discussion
worldwide, Cryostar technology offers proven
methods to optimise product volume and revenues,
and minimise the environmental impact at the same
time. Both reliable and efficient, Cryostar compressors
are a natural choice to recover and transfer the
boil-off gas (BOG) produced as LNG ships unload.
BOG compressors may also be used during the LNG
storage and transport stages.
Once berthed, LNG ships transfer their product in
liquid form through flexible unloading arms. The
unloading header transfers LNG to the onshore LNG
storage tanks. As the cargo is transferred from the
ship to the storage tanks, radiant heat plus friction
from the pumps adds heat into the pipeline and tank.
This makes some of the liquid boil off and creates
vapour within the LNG tank.
To avoid pressure build up in the onshore tanks,
vapour return blowers connected to the onshore tank
vapour space transfer vapour from these tanks back
to the ship through a vapour return arm. This helps to
minimize vapour pressure increase in the tank, while
maintaining a constant vapour pressure on the ship
during unloading. Depending on pipe diameter and
length, a return gas blower is sometimes needed to
assist this process. Cryostar’s integrally geared singlestage
cryogenic compressors have the suitable flow/
head range to fulfil this function.
BOG refers to the LNG vapour produced as a result of
heat input and pressure variations that occur during
various LNG storage and transfer operations. To avoid
loss of product and revenue, while reducing and environmental
impact, Cryostar multi-stage centrifugal
compressors recover this BOG, which can then be used
for other purposes. In comparison to reciprocating (or
LNG Tanker
Vapour Return Line
Return Gas Blower
BOG Compressor
Recondenser
screw) compressors,
the multi-stage compressors
are pulsation
free, require very
little maintenance
and are more reliable.
The small amount of
BOG released during
storage is often used as fuel or combined with the
facility’s daily sendout. During transport, although the
cargo compartment is well insulated, a small amount
of LNG vaporizes. Operators can use this boil-off to
auto-refrigerate the remaining LNG, and to supplement
bunker oil as fuel for the tankers. Another alternative
is to recycle boil-off with Cryostar’s “Ecorel” reliquefaction
plant back to the storage tanks.
Cryostar compressors feature heavy-duty 304 stainless
steel casings with high performance aluminium
or titanium impellers, inlet guide vanes, and a
compact layout incorporating the compressor,
gearbox, drive motor, lube oil and seal gas system
on a single skid. To benefit from lower cost and
shorter delivery times, we recommend choosing
our standard design like the many hundreds of
reference machines already running onboard
LNG ships. Cryostar is also happy to offer customised
API 617 execution if required.
LNG Storage Tank
Send-out pumps
10
Autumn 2009

NEWS / TRAINING CENTRE
News
California LNG trucks clean up
This summer saw Cryostar complete the first
phase of its Port of Long Beach (POLB) clean
energy fuels project in California. Currently
the largest station of its kind in the world,
POLB fuels up to 300 trucks per day.
POLB together with its neighbour, the Port
of Los Angeles, handles 35 percent of ocean
imports into the US. POLB has implemented
a “Clean Truck Program” which will slowly
eliminate older, polluting trucks from the
port.
Organized and designed by Cryostar Automation
(CSA) with support from Cryostar USA
(CSUSA), commissioning for the first phase of
the project was carried out during June 2009
and includes the first software developed by
Cryostar to control its SubTran LNG submerged
pumps.
Cryostar reveals breakthrough LNG technologies
October offers an opportunity for LNG customers to witness Cryostar unveiling two new
key products, which the company is confident will revolutionise regasification and fuel gas
supply.
LNG shipping and distribution technology is advancing rapidly, and Cryostar’s pioneering
work in this field yields constant benefits to customers wishing to stay ahead of the game.
“We are very proud to present and demonstrate two new products to the market on the 14th
and 15th of October 2009, at our headquarters in Hésingue, France,” says Cryostar’s Director
Process and LNG, Bernard Mann.
Customers are invited to groundbreaking demonstrations of EcoVap, Cryostar’s patented propane
loop regasification process, and also a new HP fuel gas supply system. EcoVap features
a 1MW rated regasification skid with open loop technology, suitable for installation on LNG
RVs and FSRUs.
The HP fuel gas supply system is for two-stroke marine diesel DF engines, and leverages Cryostar’s
expertise in supply, installation and control of high-pressure liquid pumping systems.
“These products will change the face of regasification and fuel gas supply as we know it,”
says Mann.
Hydrocarbon turbines for Algeria
June saw Cryostar book two major orders worth €7 million for natural gas processing plant turbines for Algerian projects. At El Merk, oil and gas
infrastructure supplier Petrofac put in the order with Cryostar, while Italy’s Saipem has bought turbines for project Hassi Messaoud. The orders,
for magnetic bearing turbines model MTC500, will be shipped in the later part of 2010
Cryostar Training Centre Catalogue
Scheduled sessions performed at Cryostar Training Centre, from January to July 2010:
Jan. Feb. March April May June July
Reciprocating pumps -
Industrial Gases
Reciprocating pumps -
Process Application
week 8
23-25 Feb
week 8
23-25 Feb
week 24
7-11 June
week 24
7-11 June
Centrifugal pumps -
Industrial Gases
Centrifugal pumps -
Process Application
week 4
26-28 Jan
week 4
26-28 Jan
week 18
4-6 May
week 18
4-6 May
TEOB - ECO : Turbo Expander
Oil Bearings - ECO
TEOB - TP : Turbo Expander
Oil Bearings - TP
Compressor loaded expansion
turbine - TC
week 11
15-19 March
week 11
15-19 March
week 28
5-9 July
week 28
5-9 July
Turbo expander Magnetic
bearing - MTC
week 17
19-23 April
Other courses (see course chart
on www.cryostar.com)
O N
R E Q U E S T
Specific inquiry O N R E Q U E S T
Autumn 2009 11

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Contact: magazine@cryostar.com
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