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North Atlantic over to Novaja Zemlya. The
populations in the northeastern Atlantic was
estimated at 1.1 million Razorbills, 5.6 million
Guillemots and 275,000 Atlantic Black Guillemots
(Laursen et al. 1997)
Moult, migration and wintering
Alcids moult their flight feathers simultaneously
and are thus flightless during progression of
feather renewal, which probably takes 40-50
days and occurs during August-November.
Outside the breeding season Razorbill and Guillemots
may disperse over a vast range in the
North Atlantic to either moult or winter.
Occurrence in Danish waters
The breeding populations of Razorbill and Guillemot
are confined to Ertholmene whereas Black
Guillemot breeds exclusively in the Kattegat and
Great Belt area. Outside the breeding season
conspicuous movements of Razorbill and Guillemot
from the north Atlantic to Danish waters
occur. During the summer, a substantial moult
migration of c. 200,000 Guillemots occurs in
Skagerrak and the northern part of Kattegat
(Laursen et al. 1997). During autumn, Razorbills
occur in large numbers in Kattegat as Guillemots
also disperse further south in Kattegat and
down the west coast of Jutland. In the 1980s,
the autumn populations in Kattegat were estimated
at 49,000-165,000 Razorbills and 30,000-
45,000 Guillemots compared to 7,000-31,000
Razorbills and c. 200,000 Guillemots in the North
Sea. Winter estimates of up to 290,000 Razorbills
in Kattegat and 120,000 in the North Sea
have been obtained. For Guillemots the winter
estimates amounted to 120,000 in the North Sea
and 175,000 in Kattegat. At least in the late 1980s
notable numbers of wintering Black Guillemots
were counted around Læsø (720-2,150). During
severe winter up to 12,000 Baltic Black Guillemots
C. g. grylle were observed mainly on Rønne
Banke. However, Baltic Black Guillemots were
also found in Fehmarn Belt. On at least two occasions
during autumn and winter more than
100,000 alcids have been observed at the east
coast of Djursland in one day (Olsen 1992).
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Food
The diet mainly comprises fish, e.g. sand-eel
Ammodytidae, Herring Clupea harengus and Sprat
Sprattus sprattus and in shallow water (mostly
Black Guillemot) e.g. Butterfish Pholis gunnellus,
gobies Gobiidae and Blennies Zoarces viviparus.
Behaviour
Alcids are gregarious throughout the annual
cycle and breed in dense colonies which may
comprise several thousand nests. The fact that
alcids undergo simultaneous wing moult could
suggest that they are extraordinarily sensitive
to disturbance during this period.
Status and conservation
Compared to the overall north Atlantic populations
the breeding populations in Denmark are
small. In fact, Razorbill is on the Danish red-list
for the same reason (Stoltze & Pihl 1998b). Little
is known about trends in population sizes.
However, the numbers of Razorbills occurring
in Danish waters are of international importance
as potentially up to 36% and up to 15% of the
north Atlantic population occur in Kattegat and
the North Sea, respectively (Laursen 1997).
Therefore, Razorbill was yellow-listed (Stoltze
& Pihl 1998a).
Woodpigeon Columba palumbus - Ringdue
Breeding
Woodpigeon breeds in all kinds of woodland
all over Europe and western Russia. In Denmark
the population of wood pigeons has been estimated
at 291,000 pairs (Jacobsen 1997). In Sweden
no national estimate is available. However,
up to 200,000 individuals per year were recorded
on autumn migration at Falsterbo (Risberg
1990).
Moult, migration and wintering
Woodpigeon has sequential wing moult. Hence,