Svampe 45 Ð 1-10
Svampe 45 Ð 1-10
Svampe 45 Ð 1-10
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Tøndersvamp – ny viden om en velkendt svamp<br />
Simon Skov<br />
Simon Skov, Jerichausgade 15 1. tv., 8000 Århus C; e-mail: malene.simon@stofanet.dk<br />
12<br />
Foto Jens H. Petersen.<br />
Tøndersvamp (Fomes fomentarius) er en af de<br />
svampe, som mange kender, dels fordi den er meget<br />
almindelig, dels fordi den har store, iøjnefaldende<br />
frugtlegemer. Jeg har sat fokus på Tøndersvamp<br />
i mit biologiske speciale, der handler om<br />
Tøndersvamps biologi, sporespredning, udbredelse<br />
og skadevirkning i bøgeskove. Specialet lavede<br />
jeg ved Aarhus Universitet. Desuden har<br />
jeg deltaget i et projekt om Tøndersvamp på<br />
Forskningscentret for Skov & Landskab (FSL).<br />
I det følgende vil jeg i korte træk præsentere<br />
nogle af de resultater, der er kommet ud af undersøgelserne.<br />
Især blandt skovfolk, der traditionelt<br />
har set Tøndersvamp som en trussel mod<br />
bøgeskove, giver resultaterne grund til en revideret<br />
opfattelse af svampen.<br />
Tøndersvamp<br />
Tøndersvamp er en poresvamp, der danner store,<br />
flerårige frugtlegemer, og som ernærer sig ved at<br />
nedbryde løvtræ til en blød hvidmuld. Dens nærmeste<br />
slægtninge er nok læderporesvampene<br />
(Trametes m.fl.) og nærtstående hvidmuldsdannende<br />
arter.<br />
Tøndersvamp kan forveksles med andre poresvampe<br />
med hovformede frugtlegemer, fx arter<br />
af Lakporesvamp (Ganoderma), Ildporesvamp<br />
(Phellinus) og Hovporesvamp (Fomitopsis). Lakporesvampene<br />
afviger imidlertid ved deres brune<br />
sporestøv, ildporesvampene ved de lysebrune<br />
Tinder Fungus – new knowledge about a well-known fungus<br />
Sporulation and growth of the fruitbodies of Tinder Fungus (Fomes fomentarius) varies during the year being most intense<br />
in April and May tapering of towards the end of June with a period of more moderate intensity from the middle<br />
of August to the end of November. With a newly constructed spore sampler, made by the author, it was shown that most<br />
spores do not disperse more than 5 meters from a source. When further than 25 meters from a source the spore content<br />
in the air is usually about 6 spores/m 3 and is typically a mix of spores from several sources. Removing one of these will<br />
not influence the spore concentration significantly. The diagrams show all trees with F. fomentarius fruit bodies in the<br />
municipal forests of Århus, Denmark, in Silkeborg Vesterskov, and in a few other forests, correlated to the age of the<br />
infected beech trees. It is seen that F. fomentarius very seldom infects trees under 135 years of age. It is also shown that<br />
only some stands between 135 and 235 years of age become severely infected. Stands older than 235 years are almost<br />
always infected, but as there are fewer trees per ha, the number of trees per ha. with fruit bodies is also reduced. It is<br />
concluded that F. fomentarius is not at threat to otherwise healthy Danish beech stands younger than 135 years.