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jif{ !!, c+s !)!, @)&% c;f]h !^ ut], d+unaf/ -g]kfn ;+jt !!#*_ (Tuesday 2 October 2018) 

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;/]sf] 5 . /fli6«o v]ns"b kl/ifb\ 

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/fli6«o v]ns"b k|ltof]lutfsf] 

gofF ldlt 3f]if0ffsf nflu 

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pgn] kf6L{leq e|i6frf/ lj/f]wL 

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sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng rNb}g . 

dfS;{sf cg';f/ qmflGtsf] klxnf] 

lgzfgf cfkm" xf] .Ú b}lgs ?kdf 

bIf o'jfx? ljb]lzg] qmd a9\b} 

g]kfnnfO{ k|r08sf] kmf]g 

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lng ;Sg]5g\ . s'g} klg JolQmsf] 

ph'/L jf u'gf;f] klg cgnfOg 

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kmls{Psf sfdbf/sf] ljj/0fsf 

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l;kaf/] klg P/kf]6{ df g} tYof+s 

;+sng x'g]5 . 

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s'g ;+:yfsf kmfOn tyf sfd 

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lng ;lsg]5 . 

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k|ult l:ylt cgnfOgaf6 g} 

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+ 

@)&% c;f]h !^ ut], d+unaf/ 

Tuesday 2 October 2018 

ælghu9=== 

cfof]hgf k|d'v cf]d zdf{n] hfgsf/L 

lbP . pgn] ljdfg:ynsf] !!) la3f 

hUufsf] d'cfAhf ljt/0fsf] sfd cl3 

a9fOPsf] atfP . o:t} lgdf{0ffwLg e}/xjf 

ljdfg:ynsf] xfn ef}ltstkm{ %% k|ltzt 

k|ult ePsf] cfof]hgfsf k|d'v k|bLk 

clwsf/Ln] atfpg'eof] . ljdfg:ynsf] Ps 

;ftfleq wfjgdfu{ sfnf]kq z'? ul/g], 

6ld{gnsf] 5fgf] xfNg] afFsL sfd ;s]kl5 5 

dlxgfleq ljdfg p8\g] c:yf cfpg] pgsf] 

egfO 5 . 

of] ljdfg:yn ;g\ @)!( sf] h'nfO{ 

!^ leq ;~rfngdf Nofpg] tof/L 5 . 

cfof]hgfsf nflu s/La %)) la3f hUuf 

clwu|x0f ug{'kg]{ / To;sf nflu ? !) ca{ 

vr{ eO;s]sf] / afFsL clwu|x0fsf nflu 

!! ca{ rflxg] cfof]hgf k|d'v clwsf/Ln] 

hfgsf/L lbP . kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/fl{\i6«o 

ljdfg:ynsf] !& k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult 

ePsf] klg pgn] atfP . ;ldltn] kz'klt 

If]q ljsf; sf]ifsf] ;DklQ ljj/0f e]6L 

nufotsf ljifo kf/bzL{ 9Ën] ;fj{hlgs 

ug{, hUuf ;+/If0f, ljB'tLo zjbfx u[xsf] 

k|efjsf/L ;~rfngdf ;DaGwLt lgsfonfO{ 

Wofgfsif{0f u/fOPsf] 5 . 

n'lDagL If]q ljsf; sf]ifcGtu{t 

n'lDagL u'?of]hgfsf] afFsL sfd rfF8f] ;DkGg 

ug{ tyf kz'klt If]q ljsf;sf] Jojl:yt 

u'?of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg 

klg a}7sn] lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 . ;ldltsf 

;efklt lbns'df/L /fjn yfkfn] /fi6« / 

hgtfsf ;/f]sf/sf ljifodf ;dGjosf 

;fy ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfdnfO{ ;fem]bf/L / 

kx/]bf/ ug{ ;ldlt lqmofzLn x'g] wf/0ff 

JoQm u/] . o;cl3 ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf 

gful/s p•ogdGqL /jLG›k|;fb clwsf/Ln] 

lghu9 cGt/fli6«o ljdfg:yn b]zs} 7"nf] / 

uf}/jdo kl/of]hgf ePsf] eGb} o;sf] lgdf{0f 

sfo{nfO{ zL3| ?kdf cl3 a9fOg] atfP . 

pgn] cGt/fl{\i6«o ljdfg:ynsf] ;a} dfkb08 

k"/f x'g] ;a} lx;fan] pko'Qm ePsfn] of] 

kl/of]hgfnfO{ sdeGbf sd kof{j/0fLo Iflt 

x'g]u/L lgdf{0f ul/g] wf/0ff JoQm u/] . 

…of] ljdfg:yn ;a} lx;fan] 

pko'Qm 5, j/k/ kxf8 gePsf], z"Go 

lelhlaln6Ldf ljdfg p8fg cjt/0f 

ug{ ;lsg], /fhwfgL ghLs /fhdfu{;Fu} 

hf]l8Psf] uGtJo, wfjgdfu{sf nflu sd 

vlr{nf] / alnof] cflb s'/fn] of] ;a}eGbf 

pko'Qm :yn 5, c¿ ljsNk x'g} ;Sb}g,Ú 

dGqL clwsf/Ln] eg] . d'n'sdf a9\bf] xjfO{ 

rfknfO{ lqe'jg cGt/fl{\i6«o ljdfg:yn] 

cjfZostf k"/f ug{ g;Sg], e}/xjf / kf]v/fn] 

klg wfGg g;Sg] ePsfn] lghu9nfO{ cl3 

a9fOPsf] pNn]v ub}{ pgn] lgdf{0fsf nflu 

cfjZos kg]{ dfkb08 k'¥ofP/} kl/of]hgf 

cl3 a9fOPsf] atfP . 

lghu9 ljdfg:ynaf/] ckmjf 

km}nfOPsfdf Wofgfsif{0f u/fpFb} dGqL 

clwsf/Ln] eg], …¿v s6fgaf/] w]/} xNnf 

lkmhfOof] 5, of] e|d gxf]:, l8lkcf/ 5}g eGg] 

e|d gxf]:, s'g} klg cfof]hgfsf] zTk|ltzt 

x'Fb}g, cfof]hgfsf] ;'lglZrttf geO{sg ¿v 

s6fg x'Fb}g, la?jf /f]Kg] sfd klg ;Fu;Fu} 

n}hfG5f}F o;df cndlng] 5'6 5}g .Úkm/s 

k|;Ëdf dGqL clwsf/Ln] g]kfn jfo' ;]jf 

lgudsf] b'O{ jfO8 a8L P–##) v/Lbdf 

clgoldttf ePsf] eGg] ;Gbe{df 5fglag 

;ldltn] q'l6 cf}FNofPdf ;+nUg clwsf/L 

sf/jfxLsf] eflubf/ x'g] ljZjf; lbnfP . 

dGqfnosf ;lrj s[i0fk|;fb b]jsf]6f 

/ g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0fsf 

dxflgb]{zs ;~hLj uf}tdn] bL3{sfnLg 

dxTjsf] lghu9 ljdfg:ynnfO{ sdeGbf 

sd kof{j/0fLo Iflt x'g]u/L sfd cl3 a9fOg] 

atfP . a}7sdf clwsf+z ;b:on] /fli6«o 

uf}/jsf] cfof]hgfsf ?kdf /x]sf] lgdf{0ffwLg 

cGt/fl{\i6«o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fnfO{ k|efjsf/L 

?kdf cl3 a9fpg cfu|x ub}{ rf;f]sf] ljifo 

ag]sf] lghu9 cGt/fl{\i6«o ljdfg:ynnfO{ 

Go"g kof{j/0fLo Iflt x'g] u/L lgdf{0f cl3 

a9fpg cfu|x u/] . 

b"/ufdL dxTjsf] cGt/fl{\i6«o rf;f]k"0f{ 

lghu9 ljdfg:yn b]zs} ;d[l4;Fu hf]l8Psf] 

ljifo ePsfn] o;;DaGwdf p7]sf lh1f;faf/] 

cfjZos cWoog / ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu 

5nkmn u/]/ kl/of]hgf cl3 a9fpg 

klg pgLx?n] ;'emfp lbP . o;/L ;'emfj 

lbOg]df ;'/]G›/fh kf08], lvdnfn e§/fO{, 

sf]dn jnL, v]d/fh g]kfnL, /d]zk|;fb 

ofbj /fdk|Lt kf;jfg, k|sfz kGy, 

/fds'df/ s'Fj/, wgs'df/L vltj8fnufot 

/x]sf 5g\ . a}7sdf ko{6g dGqfnocGtu{t 

kfFr j6f /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf qmdzM 

e}/xjf cGt/fl{\i6«o ljdfg:yn, kf]v/f 

If]qLo cGt/fl{\i6«o ljdfg:yn, lghu9 bf];|f] 

cGt/fl{\i6«o ljdfg:yn, kz'klt If]q ljsf; 

sf]if / n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf] k|ultaf/] 

;DalGwt cfof]hgfsf k|d'vn] ;~rflnt 

cof]hgfsf] k|ultaf/] hfgsf/L u/fPsf 

lyP . 

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eGb} pgn] cd{'t gf/f lbP/ dfq} qmflGt gx'g] 

atfP . b'O{ ltxfO{sf] ;/sf/nfO{ c;kmn 

x'g] 5'6 gePsf] eGb} pgn] /fhgLlts 

pknlAwnfO{ ;fdflhs cfly{s ?kdf 

lj:tf/ ub}{ ;fdflhs Gofo;lxtsf] ;Dj[l4 

xfl;n ul/ ;dfhjfb pGd'v ;Dj[4 g]kfn 

agfpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbP . 

/fli6«o ls;fg cfof]usf cWoIf 

lrqaxfb'/ >]i7n] g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 

cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;df lrlgofF sDo'lgi6 

cfGbf]ngsf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] lhls/ 

u/] . sfo{qmddf k//fi6«ljb\ lx/0onfn 

>]i7n] lrlgofF sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngn] ljZjsf] 

zlQm 

\;Gt'ngdf kl/jt{g NofPsf] / 

To;n] lrlgofF hgtfsf nflu dfq} geO{ 

afXo x:tIf]k /f]s]/ ;d[4 g]kfn agfpg] 

cleofgdf yk ;xof]u u/]sf] atfP . 

;dfhjfbL d~r g]kfnsf cWoIf g/]G›hË 

lk6/n] rLgn] cfˆgf nflu cfkm}F n8\g'k5{ 

eGg] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 eg] . hgjfbL ufos 

hLjg zdf{n] cfhsf] lbg rLgsf nflu 

dfq} geO{ g]kfnsf nflu ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ 

lbg ePsf] atfP . …n]ˆ6 l/Eo' cgnfOgÚsf 

lgb]{zs tyf 

g]kfnnfO{=== 

g]tf g]kfnn] cfˆgf] cg'kl:yltdf 

s]G›Lo ;lrjfno a}7s 8flsPsf] / 

;lrjfnon] ljwfg ljkl/t lg0f{o u/]sf]df 

cfˆgf] c;xdlt /x]klg kf6L{ PstfnfO{ 

alnof] agfP/ n}hfg'kg]{df g]kfnn] hf]8 

lbPsf lyP . 

;|f]tsf cg';f/, c;f]h % sf] lg0f{ok|lt 

g]kfnn] hgfPsf] ;/f]sf/ hfoh /x]sf] 

atfpFb} k|r08n] To;} lbg lg0f{o ug]{ kIfdf 

cfkm"klg g/x]sf], t/ kl/l:ylta; lg0f{o 

ug{' k/]sf] atfPsf lyP . k|r08–g]kfnaLr 

kmf]gjftf{ ePsf] g]skf s]G›Lo ;b:o lji0f' 

;dfrf/ 

;jf/Ldf ? Ps a9L ef8f lnP kf“r xhf/ hl/jfgf 

;Gb]z k7fP/ klg ph'/L ug{ ;lsg]5 . 

sf7df8f}F -h;_–;fj{hlgs 

oftfoftdf ;/sf/n] tf]s]eGbf a9L 

ef8f lnP 6]lnkmf]gdfkm{t\ ;jf/L g+ 

;lxt hfgsf/L u/fpg oftfoft Joj:yf 

ljefun] cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 . 

;/sf/n] k6s–k6s tf]Sg] u/]sf] ef8fb/ 

;jf/L ;fwgsf kl/rfnsn] cem} nfu" 

u/fpFb}gg\ . ljefun] ut c;f]h & ut] 

;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf !) k|ltzt ef8f 

a9fPsf] lyof] . ef8f a9fPkl5 rf/ 

lsld;Ddsf] ef8f ? !$ tf]lsPsf] 5 . 

kfFr lsld;Dd ? !^, 5 lsld;Dd ? 

!&, cf7 lsld;Dd ? !*, !) ? @!, !# 

? @#, !^ ? @%, !( lsld;Dd ? @^ / 

!( lsldeGbfdfly ? @& ef8f lgwf{/0f 

ul/Psf] 5 . 

ljefun] pkTosf / :yfgLo …?6Ú 

df of] ef8fb/ lgwf{/0f u/L nfu" u/]sf] 

k|jQmf uf]s0f{k|;fb pkfWofon] hfgsf/L 

lbP . tf]lsPsf] ef8fb/ eGbf a9L ef8f 

lng]nfO{ cg'udg u/L sf/jfxL ul/g] 

pgn] hfgsf/L lbP . æcg'udgsf 

nflu g]kfn oftfoft Joj;foL /fli6«o 

dxf;ª\3 / pkef]QmfjfbL ;ª\3 ;+:yfsf 

k|ltlglw /x]sf] ;d"x kl/rfng ul/g]5, 

cg'udgsf qmddf a9L ef8f lnPsf] 

kfOPdf sfg"g adf]lhd sf/jfxL x'g]5Æ– 

k|jQmf pkfWofon] eg] . 

tf]s]EfGbf ? Ps dfq a9L ef8f lnP 

klg ? kfFr xhf/ sf/jfxL ul/g] ljefun] 

hgfPsf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf] 

;'wf/ cleofgdf nfUg'ePsf /fdaxfb'/ 

yfkf ljefun] a9L ef8f lng]sf lj?4 

lg:;f;lxt ph'/L ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 

/ ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf l6s6 glbg] 

ePsfn] sf/jfxLsf] s'/f xfQLsf] b]vfpg] 

bfFtdfq xf] eG5g\ . æljefusf sd{rf/L 

oftfoft Joj;foLsf] k|efjdf k/L ef8f 

a9fpg dfq nfU5g\, ;jf/L tyf oftfoft 

Joj:yf P]g Pj+ lgodfjnLdf ePsf] 

k|fjwfg cg';f/ l6s6 lbg'kg]{ sfg"gL 

Joj:yfnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg Wofg 

lbFb}gg\, ljefu ofq' eGbf Joj;foLsf 

kIfdf sfd u5{g\, kl/rfnsnfO{ cg'dlt 

kq Pj+ kl/ro kq lbg]tkm{ klg ljefusf] 

Wofg hfg ;s]sf] 5}gÆ–pgn] eg] . 

ljefusf k|jQmf pkfWofo eg] 

kl/rfnsn] l6s6 glbP klg ;jf/L 

g+ ;lxt ljefusf] ˆofS; g+ ;lxt 

$$&$(@@, kmf]g g+ $$&(^() / 

info@dotm.gov.np ph'/L ug{ 

;lsg] atfpF5g\ . o;}u/L k|wfgdGqL tyf 

dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf] x]nf] ;/sf/ 

sIfsf] 6f]n lk|m g+ !!!! kmf]g ;Dks{ / 

sfof{nos} ˆofS;g g+= !!)) Od]n 7]ufgf 

1111@opmcm.gov.np df 

;jf/L g+= ;lxtsf] ljj/0fsf] ph'/L ug{ 

;lsg]5 . o;}u/L && j6} lhNnf k|zf;g 

sfof{no, glhssf] k|x/L sfof{no jf 

6«flkms k|x/L sfof{nodf ;d]t ph'/L ug{ 

;lsg] ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 . 

k|x/Lsf] 6f]n lk|m g+ !)! / !)# df 

klg a9L ef8f lnPsf], bz}Fdf clu|d l6s6 

a'lsªdf sfnfahf/L, a9L ef8f lnPsf] 

cflb u'gf;fsf] ph'/L df}lvs jf lnlvt 

?kdf ug{ ;lsg] hgfOPsf] 5 . o;}u/L 

glhssf] oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{nodf 

o;;DaGwL ph'/L ug{ ;lsG5 . g]kfn 

d]l8sn sn]haf6 uf}zfnf x'Fb} k'/fgf] 

a;kfs{tkm{ cfO/x]sf] af ! h %&^@ g+= 

sf] dfOqmf] a;n] ofq' lu/]Gb|k|;fb zdf{;Fu 

;f]daf/ laxfg a9L ef8f lnof] . ljefusf] 

j]e;fO6df pNn]v ul/Psf] ;"rgf zdf{n] 

6«flkms k|x/Lsf] !)# g+= df kmf]g u/] . 

kmf]g p7fPsf ljzfn vqLn] ?vf] :j/df 

s'/f u/L ph'/L lbg xtf]T;flxt u/]sf] 

pgn] u'gf;f] u/] . 

æljefusf] j]e;fO6df /flvPsf] 

;"rgf cg';f/ rf/ lsld;Ddsf] ef8f 

? !$ xf], uf}zfnf d r9]F, sdnkf]v/L 

^& ;fd'bflos jgdf hnjfo' cg's"ng sfo{qmd 

3f]/fxL -h;_– g]kfn ;/sf/;F+u 

;dGjo u/]/ !% jif{ cufl8b]lv 

t/fO{ e"kl/lw If]qsf !$ lhNnfdf tfn 

sfo{qmdn] ;+/If0fsf ljleGg ultljlw ub}{ 

cfO/x]sf] 5 . hnjfo' cg's"ngdf sfd 

ug]{ tfnn] o; jif{ u9jf / /fhk'/sf ^& 

;fd'bflos jg;Fu ldn]/ h}ljs ljljwtf 

;+/If0f, hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg"s"ng, /fKtL 

gbLn] 5f8]sf] au/nfO{ xl/ofnL agfpg] 

cleofg, n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs 

;dfj]zLs/0fsf sfo{qmdsf] z'?cft 

u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/;Fu ;dGjo 

/ ;xsfo{ u/]/ pQm sfo{ ul/g] t/fO{ 

e"kl/wL sfo{qmdsf ;xk|aGws uf}td 

kf}8]nn] hfgsf/L lbP . ufpFkflnsfn] 

ljsf;lgdf{0fsf of]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog 

lkmlbd -h;_–lhNnf k|x/L sfof{non] 

bz}F, ltxf/nufot glhlsPsf rf8kj{nfO{ 

b[li6ut u/]/ ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf nfu" 

u/]sf] 5 . rf8kj{df x'g;Sg] cfk/flws 

36gf /f]Sg k|x/Ln] ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf 

agfO nfu" u/]sf] xf] . rf8kj{df ;8s 

;'/IffnfO{ d'Vo k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] / 

o;cGtu{t b'3{6gf /f]syfd, ofq'sf 

u'gf;fsf] ;'g'jfO / ofq' tyf ;jf/L 

;fwgnfO{ ;'/Iff lbg] k|x/Lsf] of]hgf 

5 . 

j8fbz}Fdf ;8sdf ofq'sf] cToflws 

ubf{ jftfj/0fd}qL 9ª\un] sfd ug{ ;s]df 

;'vL hgtf / ;d[4 :yfgLo ;/sf/ x'g] 

pgn] atfP . 

;fd'bflos jgdf ;'zf;gsf ljleGg 

ultljlw ;~rfng ul/g] atfpFb} pgn] 

cfufdL jif{df xl/of] jg sfo{qmddfkm{t 

s]xL ;ª\s6fkGg ;fd'bflos jgdf rf]/L 

lzsf/ lgoGq0f, cj}w rf]/L /f]Sg u:tL 

kl/rfng, ;fd'bflos jgdf tf/af/, 

j[If/f]k0f, afF;/f]k0f, ;Lk ljsf; tfnLd 

;~rfng / 6k/L pBf]uh:tf sfo{qmd 

ul/g] hfgsf/L lbP . ;f]sf nflu 

cfkm"x?n] b'O{ ufpFkflnsfsf nflu dfq 

? !( nfv #@ xhf/ ah]6 k|:tfj u/]sf] 

tfnsf ;x;+of]hs kf}8]nn] atfP . 

u9jf ufpFkflnsfsf jg tyf 

rf8kj{ nlIft ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf 

rfk x'g] ePsfn] rfnsn] nfdf];do;Dd 

;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg] / IfdtfeGbf 

a9L ofq' af]Sg]h:tf sf/0fn] b'3{6gfsf] 

;Defjgf a9L x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ofq'sf] 

rfksf] afxgf agfP/ a9L ef8f c;'Ng] 

;d:of cfpg glbg k|x/Ln] lhNnfsf] 

/fFs], kf}jfe~Hofª, lkmlbd, hf]/kf]v/L / 

cd/k'/df hfFr s]Gb| lgdf{0f ul//x]sf] k|x/L 

k|d'v tyf k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs g/]Gb| 

s'Fj/n] hfgsf/L lbP . d]rL /fhdfu{sf] ($ 

lsnf]ld6/ ;8ssf] ;'/Iff;Fu} j8fbz}Fsf] 

gj/flqb]lv ltxf/;Dd tfKn]h'ªl:yt 

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ;dGjo ;ldlt 

cWoIf pdfsfGt kGtn] j}1flgs 

jg Joj:yfkgsf gfddf nfu" ug{ 

yflnPsf] jg Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd 7Ls 

9ª\un] ;~rfng x'g g;s]df 7]s]bf/ / 

rNtfk"hf{sf] sdfO vfg] efF8f] aGg ;Sg] 

vt/f /x]sf] cf} FNofpFb} o;sf] sfof{Gjogdf 

:yfgLo ;/sf/n] klg lgodg / cg'udg 

ug] { atfP . pgn] blIf0f b]pv'/Lsf u9jf / 

/fhk'/ ufpFkflnsf jg, jftfj/0f / h}ljs 

ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu ;a}sf] ;xof]u / 

;xsfo{ cfjZos /x]sf] atfP . 

ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ ;d"x tof/ 

;w}Fh;f] af9Lsf] 8'afgdf kg]{ 

b]pv'/L If]qsf nflu /]8qm;n] $)* ljkt\ 

k|ltsfo{ ;d"x tof/ kf/]sf] 5 . x/]s 

kflye/f dlGb/df bz{g ug{ hfg] bz{gfyL{ 

;jf/ ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfk a9L x'g] x'Fbf 

d]rL /fhdfu{df ;'/Iffsf] plrt k|aGw 

ldnfpg nfluPsf] k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs 

s'Fj/n] atfP . 

pQm sfof{non] ofq'sf u'gf;f] 

;'Gg tyf ofq'nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg 

lkmlbdl:yt c:yfoL a;kfs{df ofq' 

;xfotf sIf ;~rfngdf NofPsf] 5 . 

cGo u|fdL0f ;8sdf klg dftxtsf k|x/L 

PsfOaf6 ;'/Iffsf k|aGw ldnfOPsf] 5 . 

kfFry/df lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no;lxt ## 

cfOk'u]kl5 kl/rfnsn] ef8f dfu], 

d}n} ? !$ lbPF, ef8f ? !* xf] eGb} 

b'Jo{jxf/ u/]Æ–pgn] eg] . ;fj{hlgs 

oftfoftdf x'g] 7uLsf] of] t k|ltlglw 

36gf dfq xf] . o:tf 36gf b}lgs xhf/f}F 

x'G5g\ . ef8f a9fpg cu|;/ x'g] ljefun] 

;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g Pj+ 

lgodfjnLdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf adf]lhd 

l6s6 lbg'kg]{ k|fjwfgnfO{ eg] sfof{Gjog 

gu/fPsf] ofq'\sf] u'gf;f] 5 . 

u'gf;f] ;Daf]wg ug{ ljefun] 

;/f]sf/ ePsf lgsfosf] ;+nUgtfdf 

!@ j6f cg'udg ;d"x / pkTosfsf 

ljleGg :yfgdf !# j6f gful/s 

;xfotf sIf :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 . 

o;sf nflu pkTsfsf 5 j6} oftfoft 

Joj:yf sfof{nosf clwsf/LnfO{ 

v6fOPsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . ljBfyL{, 

j[4j[4f, ckfª\u nufotsf] ;x'lnot 

kl/rfnsn] glbP klg ph'/L ug{ 

;fj{hlgs ?kdf cfXjfg ul/Psf] 5 . 

ljefun] o;kl5sf] ef8f ;dfof]hg 

eg] OGwgsf] d"Nodf ? kfFrn] 36a9 

ePkl5 ug]{ hgfPsf] 5 . o; cl3 

;/sf/n] @)&@ df3 @$ ut] nfu" 

u/]sf] ef8fb/ klg nfu" ePsf] 

lyPg . 

jif{ x'g] 8'afgaf6 wghg / dfgjLo 

Iflt /f]Sgsf nflu t'?Gt p4f/df 

vl6gsf nflu ;f] ;d"x tof/ kfl/Psf] 

xf] . oxL c;f]h ^ ut]b]lv lhNnf /]8qm; 

;f];fO6Ln] b]pv'/Lsf rf/ ;oeGbf 

a9L o'jfnfO{ p4f/df nfUgsf nflu 

ckgfpg'kg]{ tf}/tl/sf / xf]lzof/Laf/] 

tflnd lbPsf] lyof] . 

;f];fO6L bfªsf ;efklt gf/fo0f 

cfrfo{n] tfnLdk|fKt o'jfnfO{ lhNnfdf 

x'g] s'g} klg b'3{6gfdf p4f/stf{sf 

?kdf v6fOg] hfgsf/L lbP . tfnLdkl5 

cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;dfkg sfo{qmddf tL 

o'jfn] lhNnfdf x'g] s'g} klg ljkt\df 

t'?Gt vl6g] k|lta4tf;lxt ;lqmo eP/ 

sfd ug]{ atfPsf 5g\ . 

:yfgdf k|x/Lsf] sfof{no, rf}sL tyf 

c:yfoL kf]i6 5g\ . ;8s ;'/Iffsf 

cltl/Qm lhNnfsf zlQmkL7df nfUg] 

d]nf, tyf k"hfkf7nfO{ Jojl:yt / 

;'/lIft /fVg] sfo{of]hgf agfOPsf] k|x/L 

gfoa pk/LIfs s'Fj/n] hfgsf/L lbP . 

lhNnfsf ljleGg zlQmkL7df j8fbz}Fdf 

d]nf nfUg] u/]sf] 5 . hgzlQm cefjsf 

sf/0f ;Lldt k|x/L dfq} ;'/Iffsf nflu 

vl6g] x'Fbf u|fdL0f If]qdf nfUg] wfld{s 

d]nfdf ;'/Iff lbg d'l:sn /x]sf] pgsf] 

egfO lyof] . 

l/hfnn] klg k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . ;f]daf/ 

laxfg ;fdflhs ;~hfndf nfdf] :6f6; 

n]Vb} l/hfnn] k|r08–g]kfnaLr ;s/fTdss 

kmf]gjftf{ ePsf] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . 

k|wfgdGqLåf/f=== 

lkl/; tyf /]e]Gtfhf]g u/L rf/j6f hnljB't\ 

kl/of]hgf 5g\ h;df hnfzo;d]t 5 . 

o;}u/L k[YjLsf] tfksf cfwf/df ld/fefn]; 

lhof]yd{n tyf nf; kfOnf; lhof]yd{n KnfG6 

u/L b'O{ kl/of]hgf klg o; ;+:yf cGtu{t 

5g\ . cfO;LOcGtu{t jfo' pmhf{ k|0ffnL klg 

5g\ . o; ;+:yfsf] Sofg afUof;] cfof]df; 

pmhf{ ;+oGq sf]:6fl/sfsf] pQ/klZrdL 

efudf cjl:yt 5 . sf]:6fl/sfdf cfO{;LO{n] 

s'n phf{sf] &)=@& k|ltzt pTkfbg u5{ eg] 

Jofkfl/s ;d'bfon] !)=@% k|ltzt, lghL 

If]qn] (=@( k|ltzt / …agfp, ;~rfng 

u/ x:tfGt/0f u/Ú -a'6_ k|0ffnLdf !)=!* 

k|ltzt pTkfbg u5{g\ . 

sf]:6fl/sfn] u'cf6]dfnf b]lv Pn 

;fNef8f]/, xf]G8'/;, lgsf/fu'jf eP/ 

kfgfdf;Dd ljB'tpmhf{ ljqmL u5{ / o;sf 

nflu pgLx¿aLr ljB't ljt/0f k|0ffnL 

5 . lkl/; hnljB't\ ;+oGqn] !#$ 

d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg u5{ / of] lkl/; 

gbLdf cfwfl/t afFwo'Qm hnljB't\ kl/of]hgf 

xf] . sf]:6fl/sfsf] s'n hnljB't\ pTkfbg 

Ifdtf tLg xhf/ #( d]ufjf6 /x]sf] cg'dfg 

ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ @)!$ df o; d'n'sn] b'O{ 

xhf/ &#@ d]ufjf6 pTkfbg ug{;Sg] ;+oGq 

:yfkgf ul/;s]sf] 5 . o; d'n'ssf] pmhf{sf] 

csf]{ ;|f]t eg]sf] ef}ule{s tfk phf{ xf] . 

k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] ;f]daf/ ;xsf/Ldf 

cfwfl/t jfo'pmhf{ kl/of]hgf sf]kf;fGtf];sf] 

klg lg/LIf0f u/] . pgnfO{sf]kf;fGtf];sf 

cWoIf tyf dxfk|jGwsn] jfo'pmhf{sf 

ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . k|wfgdGqL 

cf]nLn] jfo'pmhf{sf lj08 6af{Ogsf] klg 

lg/LIf0f u/] . sf]kf;fGtf];sf] Ps 6af{Ogn] 

*%) lsnf]jf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ tyf 

To;sf] nfut @* nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ kg]{ 

hfgsf/L lbOof] . o; ;+:yf;Fu xfn !& j6f 

o:tf 6af{Og /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . 

u0ftGq sf]:6fl/sf dWocd]l/sL d'n's 

xf] . o;sf] pQ/L efudf lgsf/fu'jf, pQ/ 

k"jL{ efudf Sof/]laog ;fu/, blIf0fk"j{df 

kfgfdf, blIf0fklZrddf k|zfGt dxf;fu/ 

b]z aaf{b x'g nfUof] M u[xdGqL yfkf 

O6x/L-h;_–u[xdGqL 

/fdaxfb'/ yfkfn] clxn]sf] 

kl/kf6L{ sfod /x] b]z ;lsg] 

r]tfjgL lbPsf 5g\ . To;sf/0f 

t:s/la?4 lgd{dtfk"j{s 

nfUg'kg]{df pgsf] hf]8 

5 . b]zsf t:s/;lxt u'08f, 

e|i6frf/, nfu'cf}ifw sf/f]af/L, 

dlxnfdfly xToflx+;f / anfTsf/ 

ug]{l\a?4 ;/sf/ / hgtf ldn]/ 

7"n} qmflGt ug{'kg]{ atfPsf 

5g\ . u[xdGqL yfkfn] O6x/Ldf 

cfof]lht sfo{qmddf af]Nb} eg], 

…clxn]s} cj:yf sfod /x]df 

b]z aaf{b x'g]jfnf 5 .Ú pgn] 

a]n}df t:sf/nfO{ /f]Sg g;s]df 

dw];–t/fO{ d?e"ld x'g] lhls/ 

u/] .Ú …kfl/ OlG8ofdf g]kfnsf 

;+v'jf kfOG5 eg]/ af]8{ /flvPsf] 

5 c/]Ú, pgn] eg], …jg hf]ufpg 

g]kfnL ;]gf kl/rfng ug{ h?/L 

5 .Ú yfkfn] ;dfhnfO{ k'/} ;'wf/ 

ug{sf nflu lzIfs, ljBfyL{, 

dlxnfnufotnfO{ ;xefuL 

u/fO{ cfGbf]ng ug{ ;Sg'kg]{ 

atfP . …;dfhjfbsf] cfGbf]ng, 

;dtfd"ns ;dfh lgdf{0f 

dflyaf6 xf]Og, tnaf6 ug{'k5{ . 

cfGbf]ng hgtfn] ug]{ xf]Ú, pgn] 

eg] . yfkfn] cfGbf]ngnfO{ Pp6f 

cleofgsf] ?kdf nu]df dfq 

cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] k'gM 

lgdf{0fdf yk ;xof]u ug]{ 

sf7df8f}F -h;_–cGt/f{li6«o 

;d'bfon] g]kfnsf] k'gM lgdf{0fdf 

yk ;xof]u ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm 

u/]sf 5g\ . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3 

dxf;efsf] ;Gbe{df Go"of]s{l:yt 

/fi6«;ª\3 ejgdf cfof]lht k'gM 

lgdf{0f ;DAfGwL sfo{qmddf 

efu lnP/ :jb]z kms]{saf 

/fli6«o k'gMlgdf{0f k|flws/0fsf 

k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t ;'zLn 

1jfnLn] o:tf] hfgsf/L lbPsf 

x'g\ . 

r'gf}tL / hl6ntfaLr 

k'gM lgdf{0f / k'gM :yfkgfsf 

kIfdf g]kfnn] u/]sf] k|ultsf] 

cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] k|z+;f u/L 

lg/Gt/ ;xof]u ug]{ k|lta4tf 

JoQm u/]sf] pgn] hfgsf/L 

lbP . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3, o'/f]k]nL 

dxf;ª\3 / ljZj a}ª\såf/f ;+o'Qm 

?dkf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf 

k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t 

1jfnLn] g]kfnsf] k'gM lgdf{0f 

tyf k'gM :yfkgfsf] cj:yf 

/ cfufdL sfo{of]hgf k|:t't 

u/] . ;+ljwfgsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ 

;Dej eP;Dd :yfgLo txaf6} 

k'gMlgdf{0f ug]{ u/L k|lqmof 

cl3 a9fOPsf] sfo{qmddf 

pgn] hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . 

k'gMlgdf{0fsf afFsL sfd ;DkGg 

ug{ yk s/La ? 5 va{ nfUg] 

tyf blIf0fdf OSj]8f]/ /x]sf 5g\ . PsfpGg 

xhf/ ^) ju{ lsnf]ld6/ If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] 

o; d'n'ssf] hg;ª\Vof $( nfv /x]sf] 5 . 

/fhwfgL ;fg xf]h]sf] hg;ª\Vof tLg nfv 

ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . sf]:6fl/sf l:y/ 

k|hftGq ePsf] d'n'ssf ¿kdf lrlgG5 . oxfF 

lgs} lzlIft / cª\u|]hL efiff af]Ng] hgzlQm 

5 . o; d'n'sn] lzIffdf lgs} nufgL 

u/]sf] b]lvG5 . of] d'n's klg s[lifdf lge{/ 

5 . xfn o;n] ljQ, ljb]zL sDkgLsf nflu 

;]jf -:jtGq Jofkf/ If]qsf cfwf/df_, 

cf}iflw pTkfbg tyf kof{j/0fLo ko{6gsf] 

If]q lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] 

;fydf pgLsL wd{kTgL /flwsf zfSo /x]sf 

lyP . pQm cj;/df k|wfgdGqLsf k|d'v 

;Nnfxsf/ lji0f' l/dfn, k//fi6« dGqfnosf 

;lrj zª\s/bf; j}/fuL, lzi6frf/ dxfkfn 

bLks clwsf/L tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf cGo 

jl/i7 clwsf/Lsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . 

k|wfgdGqL cf]nL /flqef]hdf ;xefuL 

;fg xf]h] -h;_–k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ 

cf]nL ;f]daf/ sf]:6fl/sfsf nflu g]kfnL 

/fhb"t ch'{gs'df/ sfsL{n] k|wfgdGqL 

tyf pgsf] g]t[Tjdf cfPsf] g]kfnL 

k|ltlglw d08nsf] ;Ddfgdf cfof]hgf 

u/]sf] /flqef]hdf ;xefuL eP . sfo{qmddf 

sf]:6fl/sfdf o'gfO6]8 jN8{ sn]hdf 

cWoog/t g]kfnL ljBfyL{n] g]kfnL uLt tyf 

g[To k|:t't u/]sf lyP . k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] 

;fydf pgLsL wd{kTgL /flwsf zfSo /x]sf 

lyP . k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] k|ltlglwd08ndf 

pgsf k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/ lji0f' l/dfn, 

k//fi6« dGqfnosf ;lrj zª\s/bf; j}/fuL, 

lzi6frf/ dxfkfn bLks clwsf/L tyf 

g]kfn ;/sf/sf cGo jl/i7 clwsf/L /x]sf 

5g\ . 

ljb]zaf6=== 

cfˆgf] >d :jLs[lt eP gePsf] 

s'/f tyf k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] ljj/0f 

df]afOn,P;PdP; ,j]a;fO6 / 

Pkaf6}hfgsf/L lng ;Sg]5g\ . ljefudf 

btf{ ePsf ph'/Lx?sf] cj:yfsf af/] 

klg hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf 

ldnfOPsf] 5 . 

j}b]lzs /f]huf/df uPsf sfdbf/ 

x?sf] kmf]6f] / afof]d]l6«s ;lxtsf] 

lj:t[t ljj/0f /xg] o; k|0ffnLdf 

clxn]sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] 

bfjL u/] . 

nfu"cf}ifw, dlb/f lgoGq0f 

/ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf lx+;f 

Go"gLs/0f sfo{qmddf pgn] 

eg], …xfdLn] cfkm}leq klg 

Pp6f 7"nf] z'2Ls/0f cleofg 

rnfpg' h?/L 5 . qmflGtleq 

qmflGt ug{'k5{ . lgd{dtfk"j{s 

z'l4s/0f ug{' k5{ .Ú ;dfh 

agfpg] cleofgdf nfUg]leq 

z'l4s/0f ul/Pg eg] hgtfn] 

;d[l4 / ;'zf;g k|fKt ug{ 

g;sg] lhls/ u/] . …ca 

xfdL gofF k|m]hdf cfPsf 

5f}+ . ;+ljwfgn] gofF k|m]hnfO{ 

O+lut u/]sf] 5 . casf] xfd|f] 

nIo eg]sf] hlt klg ;d:of 

5g, cK7\of/fx? 5g, To;sf] 

;dfwfg eg]sf] ;dfhjfb xf]Ú, 

pgn] eg] . 

hgfOPsf] 5 . cfly{s ;|f]t 

Joj:yfkgdf cfGtl/s / afXo 

;xof]u h'6fOg] k|flws/0fn] 

hgfPsf] 5 . 

ljkb\ kZrft\sf] k'gMlgdf{0f 

cfsl:ds x'g] ePsfn] tTsfn 

ljQLo ;|f]t kl/rfng ug{ 

ljkb\ Joj:yfkg sf]if :yfkgf 

ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf ;f] cj;/df 

cf}FNofOof] . sf]ifsf] /sd vr{ 

ug{ ;xh / ;/n k|fjwfg 

/fVg'kg]{ ;xefuLsf] wf/0ff 

lyof] . sfo{qmddf 8f]ldlgsf 

/ gfOh]l/ofsf dGqL, o'/f]k]nL 

dxf;ª\3, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3Lo 

ljsf; sfo{qmd -o"gPgl8kL_ 

sf lj1 nufotn] ljkb\kl5sf] 

k'gM lgdf{0f, k'gM :yfkgf, 

;fem]bf/L, cy{tGqnufotaf/] 

cfˆgf wf/0ff k|:t't u/]sf 

lyP . 

‘dfgj :jf:Yosf nflu ;/;kmfO cfjZos’ 

;'v] {t -h;_–s0ff{nL k|b]zsf 

d'VodGqL dx]Gb|axfb'/ zfxLn] dfgj 

:jf:Yosf nflu ;/;kmfO cfjZos 

ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . k|b]z ;/sf/sf] 

>d lbj;sf] cj;/df ;f]daf/ 

jL/]Gb|gu/ gu/kflnsf– # ;'v] {tdf 

cfof]lht ;/;kmfO sfo{qmddf 

af]Nb} d'VodGqL zfxLn] ;/;kmfO 

dfgj hLjgsf] cleGg cª\u ePsf] 

atfP . æca ;/sf/n] ;/;kmfO 

sfo{qmdnfO{ o; k|b]zsf !) j6} 

lhNnfdf cleofgfTds tl/sfn] 

cl3 a9fpF5,Æ pgn] eg], æo;df 

;a} kIf lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s nfUg'kb{5 .Æ 

kl5Nnf] ;dodf Knfli6shGo 

rLhn] jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0fsf] k|efj 

a9]sf] eGb} pgn] x/]s ufpF 6f]nnfO{ 

To;sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug{ 

cfu|x u/] . /fhwfgL ;'v]{t dfq 

geO ;a} lhNnfnfO{ ;kmf, ;'Gb/ 

/ :jR5 agfpg] ultljlwdf 

lg/Gt/tf lbOg] pgsf] egfO 

lyof] . :jR5 jftfj/0f, z'4 

vfg]kfgL, ljsl;t tyf zfGt 

;dfh lgdf{0fdf ;/sf/ cfˆgf] 

ofqfdf cgj/t nflu /x]sf] 

pgn] atfP . xl/l8n cfwf/e"t 

ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks OGb|f 

xdfnn] ;/;kmfO ;Eo ;dfhsf] 

kl/ro xf], eg] . ;/sf/n] yfn]sf] 

cleofg x/]s ufpF, a:tL, 6f]n 

/ ljBfno:t/df k'¥ofOg'kg]{df 

pgn] hf]8 lbP . 

j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ u'gf;f 

/ ph'/Lx?sf] klg ljB'tLo clen]v 

/xg]5. lqe'jg cGt/fli6«o ljdfg:ynl:yt 

>d sIfdf >d l:6s/ / afof]d]l6«s ljj/0f 

?h' ug{ Pj+ >d :jLs[lt k|bfg ug]{ sfo{df 

;+nUg ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] 

ljj/0f ljB'tLo ?kdf /fVg ;d]t o; 

k|0ffnLn] d2t k'/\ofpg] ljZjf; dGqfnon] 

lnPsf] 5 . 

u08sL=== 

;ldltn] k|b]zsf] nf]uf] lgdf{0fsf 

nflu uPsf] ;fpg @! ut] cGgk"0f{ kf]i6 

/fli6«o b}lgs klqsfdf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf hf/L 

ul/Pcg"?k k|fKt nf]uf]dWo] pTs[i6 Ps 5gf}6 

ul/Psf] ;ldltsf ;+of]hs dfofgfy clwsf/Ln] 

atfP . k|lt:kwf{df ;kmn lgj]bs /fgfdu/ 

;lxt % hgfsf] ljleGg !@ j6f nf]uf] 

;ldltnfO{ k|fKt ePsf lyP . pTs[i6 nf]uf] 

3f]lift ePsf /fgfdu/n] @% xhf/ ?k}ofF 

Ogfd kfpg] k|b]z ;lrjfno ;|f]tn] hgfof] . 

To:t}, ;ldltsf] a}7sn] k|b]z ;f+;bx?n] 

k|of]u ug]{ kf]zfs v}/f] /+usf] sk8f 5gf}6 

u/L sfo{Joj:yf k/fdz{ ;ldltdf k]; ug]{ 

lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . 

cf7f}“ === 

nflu cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf/ 

lgdf{0f g;lsPsf sf/0f v]n ;fg{'k/]sf] 

/fv]ksf ;b:o–;lrj s]zjs'df/ lji6n] 

hfgsf/L lbP . 

af]8{ a}7sn] cf7f}F /fli6«o v]ns"bsf] 

gofF ldlt to ug{'sf ;fy} ;+zf]wgsf] 

k|lqmofdf /x]sf] /fli6«o v]ns"b ljsf; P]g 

@)$* af/] 5nkmn x'g] ;b:o ;lrj lji6n] 

hfgsf/L lbP . kl/ifb\sf 

cWoIf tyf o'jf tyf v]ns"bdGqL 

hutaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{sf] pkl:yltdf af]8{ 

a}7s ssgLl:yt :sfp6 xndf hf/L /x]sf] 

/fv]k ;|f]tn] hgfPsf] 5 . a}7s dËnaf/;Dd 

rNg]5 . a}7s ;|f]tsf cg';f/ cf7f}F /fli6«o 

v]ns"bsf] ldlt s/La b'O{ dlxgf k/ 

;fg]{ ljifodf 5nkmn s]lG›t 5 . Pl;ofnL 

km'6an dxf;‹ -PPkm;L_ sf cWoIf ;]v 

;ndfg lag Oa|flxd cn vlnkmf / clvn 

g]kfn km'6an ;‹ -PGkmf_aLr cfh g]kfnL 

km'6ansf] ljsf;sf af/]df 5nkmn ePsf] 

5 .

] 

pkTosf 

ckf+u e'h]n kl/jf/sf] nflu sf]l/ofaf6 ;xof]u 

u'0f/fh Gof}kfg] 

sf]l/of . uf]/vf u08sL ufpkflnsf 

j8f g+ # ofª\bL lgjf;L :jlu{o bn axfb'/ 

e'h]nsf] ckf+u kl/jf/sf] nflu blIf0f 

sf]l/ofjf6 u'0f/fh Gof}kfg]sf] ;+of]hsTjdf 

p7fOPsf] cfly{s /sd kl/jf/nfO{ 

x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . uf]/vf kl/jf/ b 

sf]l/of / j]nkm]j/ kmfpG8]zg uf]/vfsf] 

;xsfo{df sf]l/ofdf /x]sf ;flyefO{sf] 

;xof]udf ? &%,))) ;xof]u ul/Psf] 

Gof}kfg]n] atfP . sf]l/ofaf6 ? ^),))) / 

j]nkm]j/ kmfpG8]zgsf] ¿ !%,))) yk ul/ 

? &%,)))) /sd k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] 

cWoIftfdf ;fdflhs ;+Hhfnaf6 cleofg 

rnfPsL /]vf nf]krg tfdf+u / ;f]lx j8fsf 

Ps]8]dLsf lhNnf ;b:o / >]ofg lSng/ 

s]ldsn xfp;ls ;Grflnsf klg 

x'g . ;dfh;]jLx¿sf] laulauL a9]sf] 

j8fcWoIf gj/fh >]i7sf] pkl:ytLdf 

x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] Gof}kfg]n] atfP . 

xfn ckf+u d}qL 3/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ 

(% k|ltzt ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . ;f] 

/sd ;fdflhs ;+hfndfkm{t ;+sng ul/ 

;dfh;]jL tfdfu+nfO{ pknAw u/fO{Psf] 

Go}fkfg]n] atfP . uf]vf{ gu/kflnsf a]nf uf]/vfsL Ps o'jf dlxnf To:tf /fVg] oL ;dfh;]jL dlxnf hf] s;}sf] si6 

jf8{ g= !! e} pgL o'jf ;+3 g]kfnsf slyt ;dfh;]jLsf lglDt r'gf}tL ag]/ b]Vbf cfˆg} d'6'df l;of] /f]lkPsf] dx;'; 

s]lG›o ;b:o tyf dbg e08f/L :kf]6{\; cuf8L al9/x]sL 5g\ . ;dfh;]jf ug{ ug]{ Tolta]nf ›lje"t eOg\ ha uf]/vf 

kfgLsf] 1fg s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{ dfu 

sf7df8f}F-h;_–ljZjdf hn;|f]tsf] 

wgL g]kfndf kfgLsf] ;du| hfgsf/L 

lbg 1fg s]Gb| :yfkgf x'g'kg]{df hf]8 

lbOPsf] 5 . hg:jf:Yosf If]qdf 

sfo{/t Ol~hlgo/sf] ;+:yf -;f];fO6L 

ckm klAns x]Ny Ol~hlgo;{, ;f]km]g_ / 

vfg]kfgL, jftfj/0f / :jf:Yosf If]qdf 

sfd ug]{ ljZj ;+:yf Unf]an OlG:6Ro'6 

ckm jf6/, OGefO/f]d]06 P08 x]Ny gfds 

;+:yfn] ;+o'Qm?kdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] 

sfo{zfnfdf kfgL 1fg s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/ 

g'kg]{df hf]8 lbOPsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf 

sf7df8f}F ljZjljBfnosf s"n ;lrj 8f 

;'af]w zdf{n] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3n] lgwf{/0f 

u/]sf lbuf] ljsf; nIodf x:tfIf/ 

u/]sfn] ;a} hgtfnfO{ ;'/lIft, ;kmf 

/ :jR5 vfg]kfgL pknAw u/fOg'kg]{ 

atfP . 

sfo{qmddf k"j{dGqL u0f]z ;fx, 

Unf]an OlG:6Ro'6 ckm jf6/, OGefO/f]d]G6 

P08 x]Nysf cWoIf 8f lgbfn ;lnd, 

g]kfn Ol~hlgo;{ Pzf]l;P;gsf cWoIf 

8f x/]/fd >]i7, ;f]km]gsf cWoIf /fdbLk 

;fxn] vfg]kfgLafx]s klg kfgLsf] 

ax'pkof]lutf /x]sf] / g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts 

;DkbfdWo] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ ;Dkbf 

lgMz'Ns Ho]i7 gful/s ;]jf s]Gb| ;~rfng 

eQmk'/ -h;_– 

u'Kt]Zj/ dxfb]j ;+/If0f ;ldltn] 

Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ;]jf ug{ 

;f]daf/b]lv eQmk'/df Ho]i7 

gful/s ;]jf s]Gb| ;~rfng 

u/]sf] 5 . eQmk'/sf] ;"o{ljgfos 

gu/kflnsf–@ afnsf]6 j8f g+ ! 

l;?6f/ / nlntk'/sf] rfFufynL 

u'Kt]Zj/ afnsf]6– @ l:yt 

u'Kt]Zj/ dxfb]jdlGb/ kl/;/df 

s]Gb| ;~rfngdf NofOPsf] xf] . 

s]Gb|sf] ;f]daf/ !))* :jfdL 

/dfgGb lu/Ln] pb\3f6g u/] . 

pgn] Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ ;]jf, 

;+/If0f / wfld{s k|jrg cfjZos 

/x]sf] atfP . sfo{qmddf ^@ 

Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ ;Ddfg 

ul/Psf] lyof] . 

s]Gb|sf] ;+of]hs 

efOs[i0f >]i7n] o; s]Gb|df 

Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ b}lgs lgMz'Ns 

?kdf ;]jf lbg] atfP . pgn] 

eg],æHo]i7 gful/snfO{ lbg 

latfpg sl7g x'Fb} cfPsf] 5, 

pgLx?sf] cfjZos rfxgf k"/f 

u/fpg / :jf:Yodf 6]jf k'¥ofpg 

s]Gb| ;~rfngdf NofPsf xf} .Æ 

afnsf]6, l;?6f/ / rfFufynLsf 

gful/snfO{ ;f]daf/af6 k|To]s 

lbg lbpF;f] dlGb/ kl/;/df a:g], 

lrof tyf vfhf vfg], ljleGg 

wfld{s sfo{qmd k|jrg ug]{, 

Wofg tyf 1fgsf s'/f l;sfpg] 

pgn] atfP . 

pgLx?nfO{ k|To]s ;ftfsf] 

tLg lbg cEo"bo :jf:Yo;]jf 

s]Gb|n] lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo lzlj/ 

;~rfng u/L /Qmrfk, 

dw'd]xnufotsf :jf:Yo 

k/LIf0f Pj+ ;]jf lbg] ;+of]hs 

>]i7n] hfgsf/L lbP . ;]jf s]Gb| 

;~rfng ug{ dfl;s ? $) 

xhf/ vr{ x'g] / xfn :yfgLo 

bftfaf6 dfl;s ? @% xhf/ 

;ª\sng ePsf] hgfOPsf] 

5 . ;fy} :yfgLo bftfaf6 

cfjZos /sd ;ª\sng ul/g] 

pgsf] egfO lyof] . sfo{qmddf 

;efklt Pj+ u'Kt]Zj/ dxfb]j 

;+/If0f ;ldltsf cWoIf lzj/fd 

>]i7n] Ho]i7 gful/ssf nflu 

;f]daf/af6 ;~rflnt 

;]jf s]Gb| lgs} nfebfoL x'g] 

atfP . 

ofª\/L / nfs]{sf] k|ltj]bg b'O{ dxLgfdf 

sf7df8f}F-h;_–d]nDrLsf] 

bf];|f]r/0f ofª\/L / nfs] {sf];'?ªdfu{ 

lgdf{0fsf] lj:t[t kl/of]hgf 

k|ltj]bg b'O{ dxLgfdf tof/ x'g] 

ePsf] 5 . ofª\/L / nfs]{ vf]nfaf6 

klg b}lgs !&÷!& s/f]8 

ln6/ kfgL /fhwfgL Nofpg] 

;/sf/sf] nIo 5 . d]nDrL 

vf]nfsf] d'xfg:yn cDafyfgaf6 

ofª\/L cf7 / nfs]{ b'O{ lsdL 

6f9f /x]sf] d]nDrL vfg]kfgL 

ljsf; ;ldltsf sfo{sf/L 

lgb]{zs ;"o{/fh sF8]nn] 

/f;;nfO{ hfgsf/L lbP . æb'O{ 

dlxgfleqdf k|ltj]bg tof/ 

u/L ;'?ªdfu{ lgdf{0fsf] 7]Ssf 

ug]{ tof/Ldf 5f}F, rf/ jif{df sfd 

;sL ;'Gb/Lhnsf] k|zf]wg s]Gb|df 

kfgL emfg]{ of]hgf 5, o;sf 

nflu ? @) ca{ nfUg] k|f/lDes 

cg'dfg 5, d]nDrLsf] klxnf] 

r/0fdf cfPsf ;d:ofaf6 kf7 

l;sL sfd ug]{ tof/L ePsfn] 

sfd l56f] x'g]5Æ, pgn] eg] . 

;'?ªdfu{ lgdf{0f ul/g] 

efu nfª\6fª /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] 

jg If]q ePsfn] klxn] 

h:tf] sfddf afwf gcfpg] 

cfof]hgfn] hgfPsf] 5 . 

cfof]hgfsf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj 

d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg klg b'O{ 

dlxgfdf tof/ x'g] hgfOPsf] 

5 . b'j} k|ltj]bg lgdf{0fsf] sfd 

k/fdz{bftf sDkgL OlKt;fn] 

ul//x]sf] 5 . kl/of]hgf 

k|ltj]bgnfO{ clGtd ?k lbg 

/fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o lj1sf] 

;xeflutfdf sfo{zfnf ;DkGg 

ul/Psf] sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs 

sF8]nn] hfgsf/L lbP . 

;ldltn] ;'Gb/Lhndf 

k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0f ug]{;Ddsf] 

sfd ug]{5 . ;'Gb/Lhnaf6 

pkTosfdf kfgL ljt/0fsf] 

sfd eg] sf7df8f}F pkTosf 

vfg]kfgL lnld6]8 cfof]hgf 

sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfnon] g} ug]{ 

hgfOPsf] 5 . d]nDrL klxnf] 

r/0fsf] sfd b'O{ dxLgfdf 

;DkGg x'g] cfof]hgfn] hgfPsf] 

5 . klxnf] r/0fdf b}lgs !& 

s/f]8 ln6/ kfgL /fhwfgLdf 

ljt/0fsf] tof/L klg clGtd 

r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 . 

pd]/ / k|z:t wgbf}nt xf]Og leqL 

cfTdf ;kmf x'g'kg]{ / To;f] ePkl5 cfˆgf] 

p2]Zodf ;kmn eOG5 eGg] b[9 OR5f 

/x]sfn] o;sf] ;+/If0f / pkof]usf nflu 

klg o:tf] s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{ cfjZos 

ePsf] atfP . 

of]hgf cfof]usf k"j{pkfWoIf 8f 

lbg]zrGb b]jsf]6f, hnjfo' tyf df};d 

ljefusf dxflgb]{zs 8f Clif/fd zdf{, 

k"j{pmhf{ ;lrj ;'dgk|;fb zdf{, vfg]kfgL 

dGqfnosf ;x;lrj choeb| vgfn, 

hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf ;x;lrj 

dfwj a]Njf;], ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw 

dGqfnosf ;x;lrj jL/]Gb| ld>n] s]Gb|sf] 

cfjZostfsf af/]df wf/0ff atfPsf 

lyP . kfgLsf] ;"rgf kfpg dfq xf]Og, 

lhNnfsf] u08sL ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= # 

km'h]nsf Ps} kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:o ckfË 

ag]/ b'Mv ef]u]sf b]lvP . 

ul/jLdfly ckfËtfsf] k|xf/ b]Vbf 

To;a]nf cfˆgf] cfFvf lgs} /;fPsf] 

pgL :d/0f ul5{g\ . z'?sf lbgdf b'O{– 

tLg nfv;Dddf Eofpg] eP cfkm}F ejg 

agfOlbg] eg]/ nfu]sL /]vf kl5 /sd gk'Ug] 

b]v]kl5 ;fdflhs ;+hfndfkm{t ;xof]usf] 

lglDt xft km}nfP/ /sd hDdf ug{ yfn]sf] 

atfpFl5g\ . lgM:jfy{ ckfËnfO{ cfjf;df 

/fVg] ;kgf af]s]/ cl3 a9]sL pgnfO{ 

cj/f]w ug]{ r]i6f klg ul/of] To;}n] pgsf] 

cleofg nfO{ ;fy lbg Gof}kfg]n] sf]l/ofdf 

;xof]u cleofg ;'? u/]sf lyP . xfn pgL… 

/f]huf/Lsf] lznlznfdf sf]l/ofdf 5g\ . 

e'h]n kl/jf/sf] v'zLsf] nflu cfkm" h]n 

hfg klg tof/ /x]sf] cleJolQm lbPsL 

/]vfnfO{ uf]/vfsf tTsfnLg k|d'v lhNnf 

clwsf/Lsf] ;fy / ;dy{g /x]sf] lyof] . 

xfn ckf+ud}qL ejg sf] ;Dk"0f{ sfd tof/ 

eO{ /+u/f]ugsf] sfd z'¿ ul/Psf] 5 / 

cfufdL ltxfF/;Dd df ckf+ud}qL cfjf; 

x:tfGt/0f ul/g] atfOPsf] 5 . 

vfg]kfgL, l;FrfO, hnljB't\, hn oftfoft 

cflbsf If]qdf of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog 

ug{, kfgLnfO{ clws x'g] If]qaf6 Go"g 

x'g] If]qdf nu]/ dfgjLo cfjZostf 

k"/f ug'{sf ;fy} Jofj;flos nfe lng 

klg ;lhnf] agfpg s]Gb|sf] cfjZostf 

/x]sfdf ;xefuLn] hf]8 lbPsf lyP . 

sfo{qmddf hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf 

jl/i7 l8lehgn Ol~hlgo/ dx]Zj/ >]i7n] 

sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ cfof]un] g} g]kfndf 

kfgLsf ;Dk"0f{ tYofª\s tof/ kf/L sfd 

ul//x]sf] atfP . cfof]un] g} s]Gb|sf] 

g]t[Tj ug{;Sg] pgsf] egfO lyof] . 

bz}FnfO{ nlIft u/]/ /fhwfgLdf 

ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf 

sf7df8f} F -h;_–dxfgu/Lo k|x/L kl/;/ sf7df8f} Fn] rf8af8nfO{ 

nlIft u/]/ ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf agfPsf] 5 . kl/;/n] cfOtaf/ kqsf/ 

;Dd]ng u/]/ bz} F, ltxf/ / 57kj{df zflGt ;'/IffnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg ljz]if 

;'/Iff of]hgf lgdf{0f u/]sf] atfPsf] 5 . ;Dd]ngdf kl/;/sf k|d'v 

Pj+ k|x/L jl/i7 pk/LIfs j;Gts'df/ nfdfn] rf8jf8nfO{ nlIft u/]/ 

sf7df8f} Fsf] ;'/Iff Joj:yfnfO{ s8f agfPsf] atfP . æsf7df8f} Fleq x'g] 

xTof, ckx/0f, 7uL, rf]/L, dlxnf lx;f+nufot 36gfnfO{ 36\g glbg tLg 

xhf/eGbf a9L k|x/LnfO{ kl/rfng ug{ nfu]sf 5f} FÆ, pgn] eg] . pgn] 

JolQm tyf ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff, cfly{s sf/f]jf/, a} +s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf 

x'g] rf]/L n'6kf6, l6s6df x'g] 7uL a9\g ;Sg] x'gfn] k}bn u:tL, ;fOsn 

u:tL, df]6/;fOsn u:tL df]6/ u:tL ;~rfng ug{ nfu]sf] hfgsf/L 

lbP . kl/;/ k|d'v nfdfn] a} +s tyf ljQLo If]q, oftfoft ;~rfng x'g] 

If]q, Jofkfl/s sf/f]jf/ x'g] If]q, xf]6n /]i6'/fF, gfsfnufotsf If]qdf ljz]if 

u:tL v6fOPsf] atfP . snª\sL, aNv', ;'Gwf/f, k'/fgf] a;kfs{, gofF 

a;kfs{, uf]ª\ua', uf}zfnf, rfalxn, sf]6]Zj/ / xNrf]s l6s6 sfp06/df 

;d]t k|x/L v6fpg nfluPsf] kl/;/n] hgfPsf] 5 . 

k|hgg :jf:Yoaf/] If]qLo 

a}7s sf7df8f}+df z'? 

sf7df8f} F -h;_–k|hgg :jf:Yo / kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf nIo k"/f 

ug] { p2]Zon] oxfF If]qLo a}7s z'? ePsf] 5 . ;f]daf/b]lv z'? ePsf] 

rf/ lbg] ;f] a}7sdf g]kfnnufot ckmuflg:tfg, aª\unfb]z, ef/t, 

O08f]g]lzof, DofGdf/, kfls:tfg, lkmlnlkG;, >Lnª\sf, e]tgfdnufot 

!# b]zsf ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qdf sfo{/t lj1sf] ;xeflutf 

5 . :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfno, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo hg;ª\Vof 

sf]if -o'PgPkmlkP_ åf/f ;+o'Qm ?kdf cfof]lht ;f] a}7sdf ;g\ @)!@ sf] 

a]nfotsf] n08gdf ;DkGg kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;DaGwL ;Dd]ngdf ul/Psf 

k|lta4tf s] slt k"/f eof], ca s] slt afFsL 5g\ eGg] ljifodf ;dLIff 

;d]t x'g]5 . g]kfndf kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf af/]df () k|ltztnfO{ hfgsf/L 

eP klg o;sf] k|of]ub/ eg] %) k|ltzt eGbf dfly plSng ;s]sf] 5}g . 

csf{ ]tkm{ kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;]jfnfO{ ;+ljwfgn] df}lns clwsf/sf /fv]sf] 

5 . df}lns clwsf/ sfof{Gjog ug{ k|hgg clwsf/ ;DaGwL P]g;d]t 

sfof{Gjogdf cfO;s]sf] 5 . :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfnosf ;lrj 

8f k'ikf rf}w/L / kl/jf/ :jf:Yo dxfzfvfsf k|d'v 8f cf/kL ljR5fn] 

kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] ;]jfnfO{ ;a} hgtfsf] kx' Frdf k'¥ofpg ;/sf/n] pRr 

k|fyldstf lbPsf] atfP . 

@)&% c;f]h !^ ut], d+unaf/ 


Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ckdfg 

ug]{nfO{ ;'ljwf aGb 

eQmk'/-h;_–Ho]i7 gful/s 

ckdfg ug]{nfO{ ;"o{ljgfos 

gu/kflnsfaf6 k|bfg ug]{ ;a} 

;]jf ;'ljwf aGb ug]{ ePsf] 

5 . cGt/f{li6«o Ho]i7 gful/s 

lbj;sf cj;/df gu/kflnsfn] 

;f]daf/ oxfF cfof]hgf 

u/]sf] Ho]i7 gful/s ;Ddfg 

sfo{qmddf gu/kflnsfn] 

o:tf] lg0f{o 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 

xf] . gu/kflnsf k|d'v jf;'b]j 

yfkfn] eg], æo; gu/kflnsfsf 

afl;Gbfn] cfkm\gf afa'cfdf 

/ Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ ckdfg 

u/]sf], /]vb]v / kfngkf]if0f 

gu/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf To:tf 

gful/snfO{ gu/kflnsfn] 

lbg] ;]jf;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt 

ul/g]5, of] lg0f{o ;f]daf/}b]lv 

nfu" ePsf] 5 .Ægu/kflnsfn] 

Ho]i7 gful/ssf nflu rf}tf/f], 

hd36sf nflu cf>o:yn 

agfpg] atfpFb} pgn] o; 

gu/kflnsfleq s'g} klg Ho]i7 

gful/sn] ckdfg eP/ a:g'kg]{ 

cj:yfsf] cGTo ug]{ b[9tf JoQm 

u/] . k|d'v yfkfn] 9'Ëfsf] b]jtfnfO{ 

k'Hg'eGbf cfkm\gf] cfdfafa'nfO{ 

k'Hbf wd{ x'g] atfpFb} cfdfafa' 

/ Ho]i7 gful/s b]jtf;/x x'g] 

wf/0ff JoQm u/] . sfo{qmddf 

gu/kflnsfn] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] of] 

lg0f{o kqsf] cgfj/0f ub}{ k|b]z g+ 

# sf k|b]z;ef ;b:o zzLhª\u 

yfkfn] g]kfndf @% nfv Ho]i7 

gful/s /x]sf] / To;dWo] klg 

!) nfvn] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf 

lnO/x]sf] atfP . 

æHo]i7 gful/ssf] /]vb]v ug]{ 

klxnf] lhDd]jf/L pgsf] kl/jf/sf] 

xf], To;kl5 dfq} /fHosf] bfloTj 

xf]Æ, pgn] eg], æoBlk ;+ljwfgd} 

# 

Ho]i7 gful/ssf] bfloTj /fHon] 

lng] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5, ToxL 

cg'?k ;/sf/n] cfpFbf] lxpFb] 

clwj]zgaf6} j[4eQf j[l4 ub}{5, 

cfufdL kfFr jif{leq j[4eQf 

kfFr xhf/ k'U5 .Ægu/kflnsfsf 

pkk|d'v h'gf a:g]t, j8f g+ & 

sf j8fWoIf /jLGb| ;fksf]6f, 

j8f g+ * sf j8fWoIf ls/0f 

yfkf nufotn] ;"o{ljgfos 

gu/kflnsfnfO{ Ho]i7 gful/s 

;Ddfg ug]{ gu/kflnsf 

agfpg] atfP . sfo{qmddf 

gu/ If]qleqsf u'08' lgjf;L 

!)) jifL{of dgdfof tfdfª, 

(( jifL{o OGb|dfof vqL;lxt 

@) hgf Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ 

d]8n, bf];Nnf, /]l8of], ehg 

/x]sf] k]g 8«fOe, xln{S;, la:s'6, 

Rofjgk|f;nufot ;fdu|L k|bfg 

u/L ;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 . 

sf7df8f}+df klg lhltof kj{ dgfOg] 

sf7df8f}F-h;_–cflbjf;L 

yf¿ ;d'bfosf dlxnfn] 

sf7df8f}Fdf klg lhltof kj{ 

dgfpg] ePsf 5g\ . yf¿ 

dlxnf ;ef sf7df8f}F pkTosf 

;ldltn] dª\unaf/ dxf]T;js} 

?kdf sfo{qmd u/L lhltof kj{ 

dgfpg nfu]sf] xf] . ;f]daf/ 

/fhwfgLdf cfof]lht kqsf/ 

;Dd]ngdf af]Nb} ;ldltsf 

cWoIf tf/f rf}w/Ln] g]kfn k|1f– 

k|lti7fg sdnfbLdf dª\unaf/ 

…yf¿ /fli6«o lhltof dxf]T;jÚ 

cfof]hgf ul/Psf] atfP . o:t} 

sf7df8f}Fsf] afg]Zj/ / /fli6«o 

gfr3/df ;d]t lhltof ljz]if 

sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] kqsf/ 

;Dd]ngdf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 

lyof] . ;f]daf/b]lv !& ut] tLg 

lbg;Dd pQm kj{ dgfOg]5 . 

d'VotM gjnk/f;L k"j{sf] t/fO{sf 

lhNnfdf kj{ dgfpg] ul/Psf] eP 

klg kl5Nnf jif{df sf7df8f}Fdf 

;d]t dgfpg yflnPsf] 5 . 

lxGb" gf/Ln] tLhdf h:t} yf¿ 

dlxnfn] klg k|To]s jif{ c;f]h 

s[i0f kIf ;KtdLb]lv gjdL;Dd 

lhltof dgfpF5g\ . kl/jf/sf] 

;'v, zflGt / bL3f{o'sf] sfdgf 

ub{} cfk;L k|]d ;f6f;f6 u/]/ 

lhltof dgfOG5 . 

;f]daf/ /flt b/ vfg] cyf{t\ 

nfxf vfg], ci6dLsf lbg dª\unaf/ 

pkjf; a;L lhtdxfgsf] syf 

;'Gg], ufpFsf dlxnf hDdf eP/ 

df}lns gfr emd6f k|bz{g ug{ 

ul/G5 . gjdLdf lhtdxfg afaf 

/ 3/sf] s'nb]jtfsf] k"hf;f]daf/f 

u/L lhltof ;dfKt x'g] yf¿ 

ljBfyL{ ;efsf s]Gb|Lo ;x;+of]hs 

k|]df rf}w/Ln] hfgsf/L lbP . 

kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf 

af]Nb} yf¿ o'jf ;efsf s]Gb|Lo 

cWoIf sfg"g rf}w/Ln] t/fO{sf 

lhNnfdf dgfOg] lhltof kj{ 

yf¿ ;d'bfosf] df}lns ;+:s[lt 

ePsfn] o;sf] hu]gf{ ug'{kg{]df 

hf]8 lbP . yf¿ sNof0fsfl/0fL 

;efsf s]Gb|Lo sfo{jfxs 

cWoIf sg'nfn rf}w/Ln] 

;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu g} 

sf7df8f}Fdf klg lhltof kj{ 

dgfpg yflnPsf] pNn]v u/] . ;f] 

qmddf yf¿ cu'jf 8Da/k|;fb 

rf}w/Ln] lhltof kj{sf] dxTjsf 

af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] 

lyof] . lhltofdf lg/fxf/ j|t 

a;]sf dlxnfn] hnfzodf 

g'xfP/ df6f]sf] k|ltdfdf k"hf 

ub{5g\ . kl/jf/sf] :jf:Yo / 

c;n kltsf] sfdgfsf ;fy 

uLt ufpFb} dL7f] dl;gf] vfP/ 

of] rf8 dgfpg] k/Dk/f 5 . 

kxf8Lsf] æo'4 lgif]w M zflGt ljz]ifÆ ;fj{hlgs 

sf7df8f}F -h;_– 

dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf s[i0f 

kxf8Lsf] gofF k':ts …o'4 lgif]w M 

zflGt ljz]ifÚ ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 

5 . dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt 

;dfhsf ;+:yfks ;efklt 

kxf8Lsf ljz]if cfn]vnfO{ 

k':tsdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . 

pgn] n]v]sf] of] @& cf}F k':ts 

xf] . zflGt ;dfhsf !# ;b:osf] 

;xof]udf k':ts k|sfzg ul/Psf] 

dxf;lrj pQd k'8f;}gLn] 

hfgsf/L lbP . …ljv08gsf] 

/fu cnfKg] d';f] k|j[lQnfO{ tx 

nufpg g]kfnL hgtf ;Ifd 

5g\ t/ Tof] d';f] k|j[lQnfO{ 

sfFwdf af]Sg] afXo af3x¿;Fu 

eg] xf]l;of/ x'g' h?/L 5 . 

To;}n] Tof] if8\oGqsf] kbf{kmf; ug{' 

d}n] cfjZos 7fg]F / To;lj?4 

plePF . ;f]daf/ klg d lx+;f, 

3[0ff / ljv08glj?4 x'ª\sf/ 

u5{' / To;sf k[i7kf]ifslj?4 

;f]daf/Ljg nl8/xg] k|0f u5{'Ú, 

k':tsdf kxf8Ln] eg] . 

ljleGg zlQm /fi6«sf] 

3f]lift–c3f]lift g]kfn gLlt, 

;'/Iff / ;fdl/s dxTjsf 

ljifodf ut Ps jif{df k|sflzt 

kxf8Lsf !& n]v ;f] k':tsdf 

;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . zflGtsf] 

kIf, lx+;f / o'4sf] ljkIfdf 

;dlk{t k':ts laqmLaf6 k|fKt 

x'g] /sd zflGt ;dfhsf] 

cleofg÷sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf 

vr{ ul/g] hgfOPsf] 5 .

{ 

} 

F 

F 

@)&% c;f]h !^ ut], d+unaf/ 


;DkfbsLo 

rnv]n gu/ 

;+;bsf] av]{ clwj]zg ut z'qmaf/ ;lsof] . of] clwj]zgdf lgs} 

g} rrf{ / ljjfbdf ax'rlr{t Pj+ ax'k|ltlIft lrlsT;f lzIff ljw]os 

kfl/t x'g] cfzf ul/P klg ;/sf/n] j]jf:tf ubf{ ljos kfl/t 

x'g ;s]g . 8fS6/ uf]ljGb s];Lsf] nfdf] ;3if{ / ;/sf/n] u/]sf] 

afrfcg'?k clxn] ljw]os kf; gx'Fbf ljleGg cfz+sfx? plAhPsf 

5g\ . 8f s];Ln] lzIffdGqL lul//fhdl0f kf]v/]nn] cfly{s nfe 

lng cfkm'x?;Fu ul/Psf] ;Demf}tfsf j'Fbfx? ljkl/t P]g kfl/t ug{ 

u/fpg kxn ul//x]sf] cf/f]k g} nufO/x]sf 5g\ . 8f= s];Ln] 

lzIffdGqL kf]v/]nsf sf/0f lrlsT;f lzIff ljw]os k]z gePsf] 

atfpFb} xfn} lzIff dGqfnon] 8f uf]ljGb s];L e]l6Pgg eGg] cfzosf] 

lj1lKt k|lt nlIft ub}{ dGqLsf] lglxt :jfy{k"lt{sf nflu dGqfno 

tyf dGqfnosf /fi6«;]js sd{rf/Lx?sf] k|of]u x'g' tyf e|dk"0f{ 

k|]z lj1KtL hf/L ul/g' b'ef{Uok"0f{ ePsf] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . ;fy} 

8f=s];Ln] lzIffdGqL kf]v/]nn] dGqL kb 5f]8\g' kg]{ cfÇgf] c8fg 

bf]xf]/fpb} ;/sf/;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd ljw]osnfO{ kfl/t 

x'g glbg] sfo{df :jo+ ;/sf/ s} lzIff dGqL kf]v/]n ;+nUg ePsf]n] 

lgh pQm kbdf jxfn /xL/xg g}lts b[li6n] pko'Qm gePsf];d]t 

atfO/x]sf 5g\ . 

8f= s];Ln] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd lrlsT;f lzIff P]g tTsfn kfl/t 

ug{ tyf uf}/L axfb'/ sfsL{ cfof]un] l;kmfl/; u/] adf]lhd lqljsf 

pks'nklt lty{ vlgof ;d]tsf JolQmx?nfO{ sf/jfxL ug] { nufotsf 

;Demf}tfsf ;Dk"0f{ j' Fbfx? tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug{ k'gM cfu|x ub} { ;f] 

cg';f/ geP k"j{;"rgf lagf s'g} klg ;dodf !^ cf} ;Tofu|x nufotsf 

sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug] { k|i6 kf/]sf 5g\ . otf dGqL kf]v/]nn] eg] 

lrlsT;f lzIff ljw]osnfO{ l56f]eGbf l56f] kfl/t u/fpg ;/f]sf/ 

lgsfo;Fusf] yk 5nkmnnfO{ tLj|tf lbOPsf] atfO/x]sf 5g\ . dGqLs} 

cfu|xdf k|ltlglw;ef, :jf:Yo tyf lzIff ;ldltcGtu{tsf] pk;ldltn] 

;ldltsf] a}7saf6 ljw]osnfO{ ;j{;Ddt?kdf kfl/t u/fpg yk 

5nkmn cufl8 a9fOPsf] elgPsf] 5 . o;cl3 ;/sf/n] k|d'v 

k|ltkIfLbn g]kfnL sfª\u| ];sf] ;xdltdf c;f]h !! ut] g} ljw]os kfl/t 

u/fpg] tof/L;d]t u/]sf] lyof] . ;bgsf] bf];|f] clwj]zgsf] clGtd ;f] 

lbg k/]sfn] ljw]os k]z x'g ;s]g . clGtd lbg gofF ljw]os 6]an 

gug{ ] ;+;bLo cEof; /xsf] 5 . ;/sf/ / k|f 8f uf]ljGb s];Lsf 

;xdltsf aF 'bfsf efjgf cg';f/ ;f] ljw]osdfly @@ j6f ;+zf]wg 

k/]sf lyP . ;+zf]wgstf{ ;f+;bl;t ;ldltn] 5nkmn u/L lgisif{df 

k'Ug pk;ldlt;d]t u7g u/]sf] lyof] . 

pk;ldltsf] a}7s c;f]h !! ut] klg a;]sf] lyof] . pk;ldltsf] 

cfOtaf/sf] a}7sdf lqljlj pks'nklt, s0ff{nL :jf:Yo lj1fg 

k|lti7fg, kf6g :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg, g]kfn d]l8sn sfplG;nsf 

kbflwsf/L;Fu ljw]osaf/] /fo lnPsf] lyof] . dGqL kf]v/]nn] 

a}7sdf lrlsT;f lzIff ljw]os k|ltlglw;efsf] bf];|f] clwj]zgaf6 

kfl/t u/fpg] tof/L x'Fbfx'Fb} klg df}lns clwsf/;DaGwL ljw]os 

kfl/t u/fpg'kg{] sf/0fn] ;f] ljw]os k]z ug{ g;lsPsf] :ki6 

kfb{} l56f]l56f]eGbf ljw]os k]z ug{ tof/L ePsf] atfpFb} ljw]osn] 

lrlsT;f lzIffnfO{ yk Jojl:yt ug]{ / ljw]os ljZjljBfno / 

:jf:Yo k|lti7fgsf z}lIfs Pj+ k|fl1s sfo{qmdnfO{ c;/ gkfg]{ 

atfPsf 5g\ . kSs} klg b]zs} Wofg lvr]sf] of] ljw]os ;/sf/;Fu 

;xdltaf6 cfPsf] / o;n] kfg]{ k|efj klg lgs} ;+jb]zgzLn 

ePsfn] ca ljw]ossf af/]df ;/sf/L wf/0ff kl/jt{g x'g x'Fb}g . 

8f s];L;Fu ePsf] ;xdlt cg';f/ ljw]os kf; ug{ ;/sf/ kl5 

x6\g' x'Fb}g / cfkm}+n] u/]sf afrf k"/f gug]{ k|j[lQnfO{ bf]xf]/\ofpg' 

x'Fb}g . clxn] ;/sf/ b'O{ltxfO{ ax'dtsf] ePsf] cj:yfdf k|ltkIf klg 

o;nfO{ kfl/t ug'{k5{ eGg c8fgdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf ljw]os kf; . 

cm]l/ o;df s'g} rnv]n u/]/ 8f s];LnfO{ cfgbf]ng ug]{ cj;/ 

;/sf/n] gb]cf]; / s'g} rnv]n gxf]; . 

/flzkmn 

d]if 

j[if 

ldy'g 

ss{6 

l;+x 

sGof 

t'nf 

j[lZrs 

wg' 

ds/ 

s'De 

dLg 

Hof]= k+= s]bf/k|;fb e08f/L 

(*$!(##)$%÷(*!*#@%&#% 

sLlt{k'/, sf7df8f}+ 

gf]s/Ldf dWod 

kfl/jfl/s zfGtL 

Joj;fodf /fd|f] 

ldq ;'vdf sdL 

cfly{s a[l4 

sfo{df afwf 

zq'dfyL laho 

k9fO{df ;kmn 

k|lti7f 36\g] 

pT;fx a9\g] 

zl//df cfniotf 

gf]s/Ldf :ofjf;L 

cg'/f]w 

xfd|f] k|of; tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf] nflu/x]sf] 5 < tkfO{sf u'gf;f], cfnf]rgf 

/ ;'emfjn] hg;jfnnfO{ :t/Lo aGg / ;xL af6f]df lxF8\g ;xof]u ug]{5 . 

To;}n] xfdL tkfO{+sf] /rgfTds cfnf]rgf / cd"No ;'emfjsf] ck]Iff 

u5f}{+, s[kof n]v]/ xfdLnfO{ k7fpg'xf];\ . n]Vg'xf];\, d'n'ssf ;d;fdlos 

36gfqmdk|ltsf] cfk\mgf] k|ltlqmof, n]v /rgf;Fu} cfk\mgf] :ki6 kl/ro / 

tl:a/ klg tnsf] 7]ugfdf k7fpg' xf]nf . 

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ljrf/ 

s'ltofsj/df aNn Pp6f emf]n'+u] 

s]xL ;ftfcl3 lg/Gt/ s6fg u/]/ 

hf]ua'9f gbL a:tL 5]pd} k'u]kl5 s~rgk'/sf] 

dxfsfnL gu/kflnsf–!) s'ltofsj/sf 

afl;Gbf ql;t ag] . g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldf;Fu} 

hf]l8Psf] oxfFsf afl;Gbf hf]ua'9f gbLdf 

cfpg] af9Ln] dfq} xf]Og, jiff} +b]lv cefj 

/ ;ª\3if{sf aLr ;Ldfsf] kx/]bf/ ag]/ 

a:b}cfPsf pgLx¿ emf]n'Ë] k'n elTsP/ 

uGtJoljxLg xf]nf ls eGg] lrGtfn] klg 

plts} u|l;t 5g\ . /fHosf] s'g} pkl:ylt g} 

/x]sf] b]Vg gkfOg] s'ltofsj/df b'O{ jif{cl3 

dfq} emf]n'Ë] k'n ag] kl5 cfkm\g} d'n'stkm{ 

cfpg] af6f] v'n]sf] xf] . em08} rf/ bzscl3 

a;]sf] o; a:tLdf xfn #$ kl/jf/sf] dfq} 

a;f]af; 5 . 

lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL, lah'nL / 

;'/Iff h:tf cfwf/e"t ;'ljwf clxn];Dd 

o; j:tLdf b]Vg kfOFb}g . b'O{ jif{cl3;Dd 

hf]ua'9f gbLdf 8'ª\ufsf] ;xf/fdf 

cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ug]{ s'ltofsj/jf;LnfO{ 

cem} klg ef/t uP/ cGg s'6fO÷lk;fO 

ug'{kg] { afWotf 5g\ . æ;/sf/n] lbPsf] 

eg]s} Pp6f emf]n'Ë] k'n afx]s oxfF /fHosf] 

s'g} nufgL 5}g, :yfgLojf;L x:t ;'gf/ 

eg]– æk'n 5]p5fpdf t6aGw agfPsf] eP 

clxn] o:tf] ;d:of cfpg] g} lyPg .Æ 

gbL lsgf/sf ;–;fgf ?v / :ofpnf 

xfn]/ :yfgLojf;Ln] gbL lgoGq0fsf] k|of; 

u/]sf 5g\ . s]xL lbg cl3 cfPsf] af9Ln] 

k'n;Fu} s'ltofsj/jf;LnfO{ lgs} hf]lvddf 

kfl/lbPsf] lyof] . 

s/La $) la3fdf km}lnPsf] 

s'ltofsj/ a:tL nfdf] ;dob]lv ef/tLo 

lyrf]ldrf] ;x]/ a:b}cfPsf] ;'gf/sf] egfO 

5 . æux'F lk:g klg ef/ts} ldndf hfg'kg]{ 

afWotf cem} 5,Æ ;'gf/n] /f;;;Fu eg]– 

æd'n'sdf hlt;'s} Joj:yf kl/j{tg eP 

klg xfd|f] a:tLdf s'g} kl/j{tg cfPg .Æ 

bf]wf/f rfFbgLdf ljsf;sf] nx/ b]Vg kfOP 

klg s'ltofsj/df s]xL gePsf] b'Mv];f] 

pgn] kf]v] . csf{ :yfgLojf;L ltnf 

6d6fn] nfdf] ;dob]lv a:tLdf lah'nL / 

t6aGwsf] dfu ub}{ cfPsf] eP klg s'g} 

aNn rGb|ljgfos k'gMlgdf{0f z'? 

e"sDksf] ;f9] tLg jif{kl5 aNn 

kz'klt If]ql:yt rfalxn u0f]z:yfg 

k'gMlgdf{0f ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . rGb|ljgfos 

gfdn] kl/lrt pQm dlGb/sf] lblIf0ftkm{sf] 

efu ut @)&@ j}zfv !@ sf] e"sDkn] 

Iflt k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . dlGb/ s;n] 

lgdf{0f ug]{ eGg] ljjfb / ah]6sf] 

cefjdf k'gMlgdf{0fdf l9nfO ePsf] xf] . 

Zj]tljgfos, /Qmljgfos, rfalxn u0f]z 

cflb gfdn] ;d]t lrlgg] dlGb/ kz'klt 

If]q leq k/]klg dlGb/sf] Joj:yfkg tyf 

;~rfngsf nflu b'O{ ;fdflhs :f+:yf btf{ 

ePsf 5g\ . 

kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]ifn] dlGb/ 

If]qnfO{ a]jf:yfu/]kl5 >L rGb|ljgfos 

tyf >L e}/jgfy ehg d08n / >L 

rGb|ljgfos kfs{ Joj:yfkg ;dfh :yfkgf 

ePsf x'g\ . rGb|ljgfos dlGb/ If]qsf] ;ft 

/f]kgL hUufdWo] xfn rf/ /f]kgL 5 . rf/ 

/f]kgL hUufdf !)$ 6x/f agfP/ ef8fdf 

nufOPsf] 5 . o;sf] ef8f pQm ;dfhn] 

p7fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ef8fdfkm{t\ dfl;s 

? Ps nfv @* xhf/ p7fpg] ul/Psf] 

;dfhsf sfof{no ;lrj Zofd 8ª\uf]nn] 

hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . 

ædlGb/ If]qsf] ;+/If0fdf sf]ifnufot 

sf]xL klg gnfu]kl5 ;dfhsf] :yfkgf 

ug'k/]sf] xf], :yfgLojf;L / ;8sn] 

dlGb/ If]qsf] tLg /f]kgL hUuf ldRbf klg 

sf]xL af]n]gg\Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof], æsf]ifn] 

kz'kltgfy h:tf w]/} cfocfh{g x'g] 

wfld{s If]qdf dfq rf;f] lbPsf] Psy/L 

:yfgLojf;Lsf] u'gf;f] 5 . dlGb/sf] 

;+/If0f ug]{ egL :yfkgf ePsf ;+:yfn] 

e"sDkn] Iflt k'uL 9Ng] cj:yfdf k'u]s]f 

dlGb/ k'gMlgdf{0fdf rf;f] b]vfPgg\ . tLg 

jif{;Dd s;n] k'gMlgdf{0f ug]{ eGg] 

ax; eO/Xof] . aNn /fli6«o k'gMlgdf{0f 

k|flws/0fn] ah]6 pknAw u/fPsfn] sf]ifn] 

7]Ssf u/L ut c;f/ @$ ut] ;Demf}tf 

u/]sf] lyof] . 

;Demf}tfnuQ} c;f/ @( ut]b]lv 

dlGb/ k'gMlgdf{0f z'? ePsf] xf] lkcf/ 

sG:6«S;g k|fln;Fu ? Ps s/f]8 $# 

nfv $! xhf/ !^* sf] nfutdf 

lj;+ @)&^ c;f/ @* ut];Dd dlGb/ 

agfO;Sg'kg]{ ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 . dlGb/ 

b'O{ tn] 5fgfo'Qm g]kfnL d08kz}nLdf 

agfOg] ePsf] 5 . blIf0flt/ d'Voåf/ x'g] 

;'g'jfO gePsf] u'gf;f] ul/g\ . æjiff{t\sf 

a]nf e]n / s6fgsf] ;d:of b]v]/ ;xfg'e"lt 

/fVg] t 5g\ t/, a:tLsf] cefj 6fg]{ sf]xL 

e]l6Pgg\,Æ 6d6fn] elgg\– æklxn] dxfsfnL 

gbLaf6 k|tfl8t /Xof}+ . clxn] hf]ua'9fsf] 

qf;n] ;tfPsf] 5 .Æ blnt afx'No o; 

a:tLdf ;'v]{t, b}n]v / ;Nofgaf6 a;fOF 

;l/cfPsf a:b}cfPsf 5g\ . 

ef/tLo ahf/x¿df dhb'/L u/]/ 

hLljsf]kfh{g ug] { s'ltofsj/jf;LnfO{ ljleGg 

r/0fsf lgjf{rgx¿df bnsf g]tfx¿n] y'k| 

cfZjf;g lbP t/, ufpFsf] ;d[l4sf nflu 

s'g} kxn u/]gg\ . :yfgLojf;L bfgaxfb'/ 

yfkfdu/n] eg]– æ:yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgkl5 

ufpFd} l;+xb/af/ cfpF5 eGy] . xfd|f] a:tLdf 

g t l;+xb/af/ cfof] g t ;d[l4 g} .Æ 

:yfgLo txdf klg ufpFdf cfwf/e"t ;'ljwf 

k'¥ofOlbg w]/} k6s xf/u'xf/ ug] { sfd eof] 

t/, ;'g'jfO ePg . pgn] eg]– æa:tLdf s]xL 

yfg ;f]nf/ afx]s c? s]xL b]Vg'x'Gg tkfO{ + .Æ 

u/LaLsf sf/0f ef/tdf dhb'/L u/L kl/jf/ 

kfNg' kg] { ;d:ofsf sf/0f ufpFdf o'jf g} 

e]l6Fb}g . 

æef/tdf efG;]sf] sfd ubf{ d} a"9f] 

eO;s]+,Æ s'ltofsj/d} hlGdPsf $) jifL{o 

x:t ;'gf/n] eg]– æoltsf jif{;Dd ufpFdf 

ljsf;sf] gfddf ;8ssf] ;j]{If0f;Dd 

ePg .Æ a:tL ePs} sf/0f ef/tn] pQm 

If]qdf cltqmd0f ug{ g;]s]sf] pgsf] bfaL 

dlGb/leq gfusf] cf;gdf a;]sf] cj:yfdf 

rGb|ljgfossf] k|:t/ d"lt{ /xG5 . d"lt{dfly 

af}4 r}To, r}Tosf] tLg} df]x8fdf a'4d"lt{ 

/xG5 . k'/ftTj ljefusf clws[t k|sfz 

cfrfo{ k'/fg} z}nLdf dlGb/ k'gMlgdf{0f 

ul/g] atfpg'eof] . dlGb/sf] 5fgfsf 

6'F8fndf ci6dft[sf, ci6e}/j, tyf 

u0f]zsf d"lt{ s'Flbg]5g\ . dflyNnf] 5fgfdf 

;'g / tNnf]df tfdfsf] hnk nufOg] 5 . 

d"n 9f]sfsf] snfTds tf]/0fdf ;'gsf] 

df]nDaf nufOG5 . 9f]sfdflysf] tf]/0fdf 

sfi7snfsf pTs[i6 gd"gf k|:t't ul/g]5 . 

uh'/df klg ;'gsf] hnk nufOg]5 . 

k'/ftflTjs Pj+ ;f+:s[lts dxTj 

g]kfn efiffdf Nxf]F;Nnf u0f]z;d]t 

elgg] of] d"lt{ lnR5ljsfnLg cyf{t\ 5}7f}F 

ztfAbLlt/sf] xf] . oxfFsf] u0f]z d"lt{ eg] 

pQ/ lnR5ljsfnLg cyf{t\ gjf}F bzf}F 

z]/axfb'/ l;+x 

u9Ldf ePsf P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf cgf{ / /fgL gfdsf tf]k klg ;'v] {tdf 

/flvPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ tTsfn b}n]v Nofpg'kg{ ] gu/ k|d'v v8\sfsf] egfO 5 . 

k|b]z / s]Gb| ;/sf/n] o;af/]df tTsfn rf;f] /fVg'kg] { pxfFn] atfpg'eof] . 

;+/If0f / pTvgGfsf] cfjZostfdf /x]sf] sf]tu9L csf{n] ul/b]nf eGg] d'v tfsL 

3]/faf/df dfq} ;Lldt u/fOPsf] 5 . u9Lleq /x]sf tLg k'/fgf 3/sf] clxn] 

lgzfgf e]l6Fb}g . æb}n]v o'4 ko{6gsf] csf{ ] dxTjk"0f{ kf6f] x'g ;S5Æ, cu|h 

kqsf/ lji0f' zdf{n] eGg'eof] . sf]tu9Lsf] vf]h cg';Gwfgnufot cGo s'/f ug{ 

gu/kflnsfn] / g]kfnL ;]gfn] rf;f] glbPsf sf/0f ;+/If0fljxLg 5 . 

5 . æxfdL u/La eP klg df6f]k|ltsf] 

dfofnfO{ ;Dem]/ cefj;Fu h'em\b} a;]sf 

5f}+,Æ pgn] eg]– æahf/df /fli6«otfsf 

gf/f 3GsfP/ s]xL x'Fb}g .Æ a:tLdf 

/]8qm; ;f];fO6L / lg8\s gfds ;+:yfn] 

hgr]tgf a9fpg] ljleGg sfo{qmd ;~rfng 

ub}{cfPsf] :yfgLojf;L atfpF5g\ . 

ufpFdf n]vk9 ug] { ;fdfGo afn sIff 

;~rfng gx' Fbf a:tLsf afnaflnsfx¿ 

cWoogsf nflu 6f9f hfg'kg] { afWotfdf 

5g\ . æ;fdfGo n]vk9 ;s]/ oxfFsf o'jf 

dhb'/Ldf xf]ldg' lgolt g} xf],Æ ;'gf/n] eg] . 

k|ydtM hf]ua'9f gbLdflysf] k'n ;+/If0fsf 

nflu ;/sf/n] Wofg b]cf];\ eGg] pgsf] cfu|x 

5 . hf]ua'9fsf] s6fgn] :yfgLojf;Lsf 

hdLg;d]t aufOlbPsf] 5 . s6fgsf] 

;d:ofsf sf/0f s'ltofsj/ / ;'Gb/gu/sf 

afl;Gbf qf;df afFlr/x]sf 5g\ . 

lj;+ @)@% b]lv a:tLdf a:b}cfPsf 

6d6fn] gbL s6fgs} sf/0f a:tL ;fF3'l/b} 

uPsf] cg'ej ;'gfP . klxn] s/La c9fO{ 

;o kl/jf/sf] oxfF a;f]af; lyof] . clxn] 

w]/} g} v'lDrPsf] 5 . hf]ua'9f gbLn] slxn] 

jfl/ t slxn] kfl/ s6fg u/]/ a:tL g} 

lj:yfkg ug]{ eo l;h{gf ul/lbPsf] pgn] 

atfP . cfwf/e"t ;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt 

s'ltofsj/ ufpFdf clxn];Dd b'O{ hgf 

dfq} ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf] :yfgLojf;L 

atfpF5g\ . :yfgLojf;L yfkfdu/sf cg';f/ 

k"0f{k|;fb ld> 

g]kfn efiffdf Nxf] F;Nnf u0f]z;d]t elgg] of] d"lt{ lnR5ljsfnLg cyf{t\ 5}7f} 

ztfAbLlt/sf] xf] . oxfFsf] u0f]z d"lt{ eg] pQ/ lnR5ljsfnLg cyf{t\ gjf} F bzf} 

ztfAbLsf] /x]sf] dlGb/ k'gMlgdf{0f ;ldlt ;b:o /fh' ef/tLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . 

k|frLg d"lt{nfO{ ;'/lIft / Jojl:yt ¿kdf /fhf cd/ dNnn] dlGb/ agfpg'ePsf] 

xf] . lj;+ !%*^ b]lv !^!( sf] aLrdf dlGb/ ag]sf] ljZjf; ul/G5 . u0f]z 

dlGb/;Fu} lzjlnª\u, ;/:jtL, a"9fgLns07, gf/fo0f, s'df/L, blIf0fsfnL, 

k~ra'4, If]qkfn, a]tfn, bf]nvf eLd;]g, xg'dfg cflb b]jb]jLsf] k|:t/ d"lt{ :yfkgf 

ul/Psf] 5 . a]tfnsf] d"lt{nfO{ g5f]Osg bz{g ug' {kg] { dfGotf 5 . 

ztfAbLsf] /x]sf] dlGb/ k'gMlgdf{0f ;ldlt 

;b:o /fh' ef/tLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . 

k|frLg d"lt{nfO{ ;'/lIft / Jojl:yt ¿kdf 

/fhf cd/ dNnn] dlGb/ agfpg'ePsf] xf] . 

lj;+ !%*^ b]lv !^!( sf] aLrdf dlGb/ 

ag]sf] ljZjf; ul/G5 . u0f]z dlGb/;Fu} 

lzjlnª\u, ;/:jtL, a"9fgLns07, gf/fo0f, 

s'df/L, blIf0fsfnL, k~ra'4, If]qkfn, 

a]tfn, bf]nvf eLd;]g, xg'dfg cflb 

b]jb]jLsf] k|:t/ d"lt{ :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . 

a]tfnsf] d"lt{nfO{ g5f]Osg bz{g ug'{kg]{ 

dfGotf 5 . 

rGb|ljgfosdf dª\unaf/ / zlgaf/ 

cnUu} d"lt{ /flvG5 . dª\unaf/ d"lt{nfO{ 

lkQnsf] k"0f{ sn]j/ klx¥ofOG5 . zlgaf/ 

rfFbLsf] d'vf}6f nufOG5 . of] k|lqmofnfO{ 

dlGb/sf] ljz]iftfsf ¿kdf lnOg] u/]sf] 

;b:o ef/tLn] atfpg'eof] . k|To]s jif{ 

s]xL jif{ cl3b]lv b'O{ hgf o'js g]kfnL 

;]gfdf sfo{/t /lxcfPsf 5g\ . 

æof] ;d:ofu|:t a:tLaf6 b'O{ hgf 

hfuL/df x'g' klg 7"n} s'/f] xf],Æ pgn] eg]– 

æxfd|f] klg /fHodf kx'Fr a9fpg d'n'sdf 

s:tf] vfnsf] Joj:yf cfpg'kg]{ xf] /

kSsL k'n gx'Fbf 

;ft ufpFnfO{ ;d:of 

• hg;jfn ;+jfbbftf 

afFs]– æg'g t]n lsGg /fKtL 

gbL g} tg'{k5{ . df]6/af6f] sRrL 

5, /fKtL gbLdf kSsL k'n 5}g, 

oftfoftsf ;fwg rNb}gg\ . jiff{t\df 

lgs} sl7gfO x'G5Æ, /fKtL;f]gf/L 

ufpFkflnsf–! vf]s/Lsf e/t 

a'9fyf]sL eG5g\, ækSsL k'n gx'Fbf 

xfdLnfO{ lgs} ;d:of 5 .Æ pQm 

:yfgsf ;ft ufpF a;]/L, b'j]/L, 

;'gfxf, eDsf, cd'jf, ejfgLk'/ / 

;'gv/] jiff{t\df lhNnf ;b/d'sfd 

dfq geO :yfgLo ahf/;Fu klg 

;Dks{laxLgh:t} x'G5g\ . 

/fKtL gbLdf agfOPsf 

b'O{ emf]n'ª\u] k'n klg ckfos 

x'Fbf tL ufpFsf afl;GbfnfO{ 

306f}F k}bn lxF8]/ s';'d ahf/ k'Ug'kg]{ 

afWotf 5 . 

æxfd|f] :yfgLo ahf/ s';'d 

xf] . emf]n'ª\u] k'n ckfos ePs} 

sf/0f s';'d k'Ug 306f} F lxF8\g'k5{Æ, 

a'9fyf]sLn] eg], æ/fKtL gbLdf 

kSsL k'n ePsf] eP oftfoftsf 

;fwg cfpFy], :yfgLojf;LnfO{ 

;xh x'GYof] .Æ tL ;ft ufpF hf]8\g] 

df]6/af6f] klg agfOPsf] 5 t/ 

/fKtL gbLdf k'n gx'Fbf df]6/af6f] 

eP klg To;sf] cf}lrTo eg] 

b]lvFb}g . lxFpbdf hf]lvd df]n]/} 

ePklg /fKtL gbL t/]/ 6ØfS6/ 

h;f]t;f] tL ufpF;Dd k'Ug] u5{ . 

……lxpFbdf slxn]sfxLF 6«ØfS6/ 

cfpFbf s';'d ahf/;Dd k'Ug ;xh 

x'G5,ÚÚ :yfgLojf;L odaxfb'/ 

v8\sfn] eg], æb'O{÷rf/ dlxgf 

6«ØfS6/ r9]/} s';'d;Dd k'U5f}+ . 

jiff{t\ z'? ePkl5 km]l/ p:t} ;d:of 

xf] . 306f}F lxF8]/ emf]n'ª\u] k'nsf] 

;xfotfdf cfjthfjt u5f} {F .Æ 

pQm gbLdf kfgLsf] ;tx 

a9\g yfn]kl5 6«ØfS6/ klg jf/kf/ 

ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . …jiff{t\df g'gt]nsf] 

cefj gxf];\ eg]/ 6«ØfS6/ jf/kf/ 

ug]{ a]n}df b'O{÷rf/ dlxgf k'Ug] u/L 

cfjZos ;fdu|L vl/b u/]/ /fV5f}FÆ, 

:yfgLojf;L n]v/fh jnLn] eg], 

ækSsL k'n eP afx|} dlxgf ;'ljwf 

k'Ug] lyof] .Æ k'n gx'Fbf la/fdLnfO{ 

;dodf c:ktfndf k'¥ofpg;d]t 

;d:of x'g] u/]sf] jnLsf] egfO 

lyof] . 

:yfgLojf;L e]ifaxfb'/ 

v8\sfn] eg], ……;fdfGo sfdsf 

nflu w]/} ;do lxF8\g'kg]{ ePsfn] 

xfdL cTofjZos sfd geP;Dd 

emf]n'ª\u] k'naf6 jf/kf/ ub}{gf}F .Æ 

vf]nfdf k'n gePs} sf/0f tL 

ufpFdf pTkflbt t/sf/L tyf cGo 

ljB't\ cfPkl5 

ufFpn] v'zL 

Og?jf -h;_– ;'g;/L 

xl/gu/ ufpFkflnsf–% sf ^) 

jifL{o dw';'bg d08nn] cfÏgf] 

3/df ljh'nL aQL afNg kfOG5 

eGg] ljZjf; u/]sf lyPgg\ . 

pgnfO{ c? ufpFdf ljB't\ an]sf] 

x]bf{ cfÏgf] ufpFdf klg ljB't\ 

cfpF5 eg] cfzf klg lyPg t/ 

pgLsf] a'9]zsfndf ljB't\ afNg] 

;kgf k"/f ePsf] 5 . 

;fljs ;'g;/L If]q gDa/ 

% / clxn]sf] ;'g;/L If]q 

gDa/ $ /x]sf] Tof] lgjf{rg 

If]qdf tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL :j 

lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, jt{dfg 

pkk|wfgdGqL pk]Gb| ofbj, 

hubLzk|;fb s'l;o}tnufotsf 

g]tf ToxL If]qaf6 ljhoL eP 

klg :yfgLo cfjZos kg]{ 

b}lgs cfjZoQmfaf6 klg oxfFsf 

afl;Gbf jl~rt x'Fb} cfPsf 

lyP . 

ca Tof] If]qsf :yfgLo 

Tof] ;d:ofaf6 d'Qm x'g yfn]sf] 

:yfgLo bf}nts'df/ d08nsf] 

egfO 5 . pgLx¿sf] ;d:ofeGbf 

sd lyPg :yfgLo v'zLnfn 

d08nsf] . pgn] klg cfkm"n] 

slxNo} g b]v]sf] ljB't\ afNg 

kfpFbf v'zL nfu]sf] atfP . of] 

t Tof] If]qsf nflu pbfx/0fsf 

kfq dfq x'g\ . 

xl/gu/ ufpFkflnsf 

/ g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] 

kxndf ;f] If]qdf ljB't\ 

;]jf z'? ePsf] xf] . ljB't\ 

cfPkl5 cfkm"x¿nfO{ l;FrfO 

ug{, v]tLkftL ug{, sfn 

sf/vfgf ;~rfng ug{ ;xh 

x'g] :yfgLosf] egfO 5 . 

xl/gu/ ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf 

ukmf/ cG;f/Ln] ljB't\ cfPsfn] 

cfkm"nfO{ klg v'zL nfu]sf] 

atfpFb} cfÏgf] nIo g} cFWof/f]df 

/x]sf] hgtfnfO{ pHofnf] k|bfg 

ug]{ ePsf] atfP . 

ljBfyL{ s'6\g] k|wfgfWofksnfO{ Dofb yk 

Gfjnk/f;L -h;_– 

ljBfyL{ s'6lk6 cf/f]kdf 

kqmfp k/]sf k"JfL{ gjnk/f:fL 

a'lnª\6f/ ufpFkflnsfsfl:yt 

lzj dfWolds ljBfnosf 

k|wfgfWofks cf]ds'df/ >]i7sf] 

Dofb yk ul/Psf] k|x/Ln] 

hgfPsf] 5 . k|x/Ln] kLl8tsf] 

ph'/L cfwf/df ut c;f]h !! 

ut] kqmfp k/]sf k|wfgfWofks 

>]i7nfO{ lhNnf cbfntaf6 

Dofb yk u/]sf] 5 . k"jL{ gjnk/ 

f;L lhNnf k|x/L sfof{Nfosf 

k|x/L gfoa lg/LIfs 6Lsf/fd 

kf]v/]nsf cg';f/ kqmfp k/]sf 

>]i7sf] cf7 lbgsf] Dofb yk 

dlxnf x/fPsf] ;"rgf 

ul/Psf] 5 . 

s'6lk6 Pj+ cª\ueª\u 

ug]{ dxndf >]i7 lj?4 d'2f 

rnfOPsf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . 

kLl8t v'dfgsf a'af jL/axfb'/ 

;fsL{n] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf 

ut c;f]h % ut] ls6fgL hfx]/L 

lbPkl5 >]i7nfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp 

u/]sf] lyof] . ut c;f]h @ 

ut] sIff !) df cWoog ug]{ 

ljBfyL{ v'dfg ;fsL{ g]kfnLnfO{ 

l9nf cfPsf] eGb} ljBfnosf 

k|wfgfWofks >]i7n] s'6lk6 ubf{ 

ljBfyL{ ;fsL{sf] sfgsf] hfnLdf 

;d:of b]lvPsf] cf/f]k >]i7dfly 

nfu]sf] 5 . 

;fª\nfvf]nf :yfoL 3/ e} xfn 

u'x]Zj/Laf6 ldlt @)&% c;f]h 

( ut] jif{ ## sf] ;Ltf ltdlN;gf 

gfdsf] dlxnf x/fO{/x]sf] x'Fbf b]Vg' x'g] 

dxfg'efjn] tnsf] df]afO{n g+=df jf 

glhssf] k|x/L rf}sLdf vj/ ul/lbg'x'g 

cg'/f]w ul/G5 . 

;Dks{ g+ (&$!))!^&$, (*)*)!#!^% 

g]kfn ;/sf/ 

pBf]u dGqfno 

sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{nosf] 

sDkgL vf/]h ul/Psf] ;"rgf 

o; sfof{nodf ldlt @)^(÷)&÷)# df btf{ ePsf] 

k|f=ln= g+ !)^($$ sf] dfO{qmf] P08 d]uf k|f=ln= gfds sDkgL 

o; sfof{nosf] ldlt @)&%÷)^÷!@ sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ sDkgL 

P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf !#^ -s_ adf]lhd btf{ vf/]h ul/Psf] 

Joxf]/f ;DaGwLt ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt 

ul/Psf] 5 . 

sDkgL /lhi6«f/ 

gub]afnL ljqmL ug{ klg ;d:of 

ePsf] :yfgLojf;L atfpF5g\ . 

…jiff{t\df af9L cfpF5, af]s]/ kf/L 

n}hfg ;lsFb}g . pTkfbg ePsf] 

t/sf/L ;s] cfkmF}n] vfg] g;s] 

ufO{e}F;LnfO{ v'jfpg'kg]{ afWotf 

5Æ, pgn] eg] . /fKtLdf kSsL 

k'n agfpg o; If]qsf ;f+;b 

dx]Zj/hª\u uxt/fh cys;Fu 

kxnsf nflu cfu|x ul/Psfdf 

pgn] k'n lgdf{0fsf nflu kxn 

eO/x]sf] atfP . æ/fKtLkf/Lsf] 

lagf}gfnfO{ hf]8\g /fKtL gbLsf] 

wfdk'/–dw'jfsf] l8lkcf/ ;DkGg 

eP/ 6]08/ cfXjfg eO;s]sf] 5 . 

o;} jif{leq lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? x'G5Æ, 

;f+;b cysn] eg] . s';'d kf/Lsf 

ufpFnfO{ hf]8\gsf nflu klg kSsL 

k'n lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 

pgn] atfP . 

ælj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg 

-l8lkcf/_ tof/ ug{sf nflu s]Gb|df 

kxn eO/x]sf] 5, o;} jif{ l8lkcf/ 

tof/ ug{sf nflu s]xL /sd 

ljlgof]hg ug{ kxn ul//x]sf] 

5'Æ, ;f+;b cysn] eg], æo; jif{ 

l8lkcf/sf] sfd ;Sg] u/L k|oTg 

eO/x]sf] 5 . Tof] ;lsP csf]{ 

cfly{s jif{df k'n lgdf{0fsf nflu 

ah]6 ljlgof]hg x'G5 .Æ 

5fqfnfO{ ;]g]6/L Kof8 

c5fd -h;_– 5fpk8L k|yfnfO{ Go"gLs/0f 

ug{ / ljBfno txsf 5fqfnfO{ ljBfnodf 

lgoldt u/fpgsf nflu rf}/kf6L ufpFkflnsfsf– 

@ ljBfnodf ;]g]6/L Kof8 ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . 

j}hgfy dfWolds ljBfno / l;p8L dfWolds 

ljBfnodf cWoog/t @)) 5fqfnfO{ rf}kf6L 

k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|sf k|d'v 8f /fh' u'?ªsf] 

JolQmut kxndf Kof8 ljt/0f ul/Psf] xf] . 

lhNnfdf 5fpk8L JofKt /x]sf] / o;s} sf/0f 

sltko dlxnf tyf lszf]/Lsf] csfnd} Hofg 

uPsfn] :jf:YosdL{sf] kxndf ljBfyL{nfO{ 

;'/lIft ug{ / k9fOdf afwf gxf];\ eGgfsf nflu 

Kof8 ljt/0f ul/Psf] atfOPsf] 5 . dlxgfjf/L 

xF'bf 5fqf ljBfnodf cfpg gdfGg] / To;s} 

sf/0f k9fOdf ;d:of eO/x]sf] dx;'; u/]/ 

cfkm"n] JolQmut ?kdf Kof8 pknAw u/fPsf] 

8f u'?ªn] atfP . 

;Ldf If]qdf ljz]if lgu/fgL 

jL/u~h -h;_– g]kfnLsf] dxfg rf8 

bzF}, ltxf/ tyf 57nfO{ nlIft u/L k;f{ k|x/Ln] 

g]kfn ef/tsf] ;Ldf If]qdf ljz]if lgu/fgL;lxt 

;'/Iff Joj:yfdf s8fO u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf k|x/L 

sfof{no k;f{n] ef/tLo ;Ldf If]q;Fu hf]l8Psf] 

lhNnfsf] OGfjf{ l;l;{of, cnf}F, hfgsL 6f]n, 

le:jfnufotsf ;Ldf gfsfsf ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ 

cjf~5gLo ultljlw tyf zª\sf:kb JolQmdfly 

ljz]if lgu/fgL /fVg k|x/LnfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] 

k;f{sf k|x/L k|d'v k|x/L pk/LIfs /]jtL 9sfnn] 

atfP . rf8kj{sf] a]nf le8ef8 x'g] :yn, 

df]km;n 

gl;{ª lzIffk|lt 

a9\bf] cfsif{0f 

g]kfnu~h -h;_– gl;{ª k]zf clxn] w]/} o'jtLsf] 

/f]hfOsf] ljifo ePsf] 5 . o; k]zfk|lt o'jtLsf] cfsif{0f 

a9];Fu} /f]huf/sf] r'gf}tL klg a9\b} uPsf] 5 . g;{ 

pTkfbgsf] cg'kftdf /f]huf/sf] cj;/ Go"g x'Fb} uPsf]df 

lrGtf JoQm x'g] u/]sf] 5 . g;{ k9]sf clwsf+z a]/f]huf/ 

eP/ a:g afWo ePsf pbfx/0f klg 5g\ . /f]huf/Lsf 

nflu w]/} c:ktfn / :jf:Yo ;+:yf rxfg'{kg]{ cj:yf w]/} 

g;{ k9]sfsf] cg'ej aGg k'u]sf] 5 . …gl;{ª cWoog k"/f 

u/]sf] Psjif{ k"/f eP klg cWoog cg';f/sf] /f]huf/ 

kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g,Æ g]kfnu~h– !% sf ;'idf yfkf 

atfpFl5g\ . 

clxn] gofF k|ljlw;lxtsf y'k|} gl;{ª sn]h 

g]kfnu~hdf v'n]sf 5g\ . tYofª\scg';f/ g]kfnu~hdf 

;ft gl;{ª sn]h ;~rfngdf 5g\ . ;fdfGotof k|To]s 

jif{ Pp6f sn]haf6 $) hgfeGbf a9L g;{sf] sf]6f 

x'G5 . æg]kfnL ;dfhdf klxnf g;{nfO{ x]kfxf b[li6sf]0fn] 

x]l/GYof], clxn] To;f] 5}g,Æ g]kfn gl;{ª ;ª\3, afFs]sf 

cWoIf nIdL s];L elG5g\ . of] k]zfnfO{ clxn] lgs} 

;Ddfgk"j{s x]g]{ ul/Psf] 5 . ægl;{ª ljifo ca o'jtLsf] 

k|fyldstfdf kg]{ u/]sf] 5,Æ s];Ln] elgg\ . 

gl;{ª ljifo clwsf+z o'jtLsf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] 

5 . gl;{ª k9]/ ;dfh ;]jf ug{] rfxgf 5,Æ ljBfyL{ 

;[li6 zfxn] eg] . g]kfnu~hsf ;ft sn]haf6 jflif{s 

s/La @%) g;{ pTkfbg x'G5g\ . pgLx?sf] d'Vo r'gf}tL 

/f]huf/ xf] . g]kfndf dfq xf]Og ljb]zdf ;d]t gl;{ªsf] 

dfu cToflws 5 . æljb]zsf] df]xsf sf/0f of] ljifok|lt 

o'jtLsf] rfxgf a9]sf] xf],Æ cWoIf s];Ln] elgg\ . gl;{ª 

cWoogdf k|of]ufTds cEof; w]/} x'G5 . æbIf g;{ aGg 

c:ktfndf k|of]ufTds sIff ;~rfng ug'{kg{] x'G5 . 

g]kfnu~hdf c:ktfnsf] ;ª\Vof sd ePsf]n] r'gf}tL 

5,Æ g]kfnu~h gl;{ª SofDk;sf k|d'v sNkgf kf}8\ofnn] 

elgg\ . g;{k|ltsf] ;fdflhs b[li6sf]0f km]l/Psf] dfq} 

xf]Og clxn] t ;dfhn] ;Ddfghgs Jojxf/ klg ug{ 

yfn]sfn] klg of] k]zfk|lt o'jtLsf] df]x a9]sf] pgsf] 

egfO 5 . 

hLjg lhpg] snf l;Sb} ljBfyL{ 

g]kfnh~h -h;_– 

u]?jfufpFkflnsf hgsgu/ 

ufpF3/ ePsf lszf]/ cj:yfsf 

cfsfz yf? -gfd kl/jt{g_ 

n] s]xL dxLgf cl3 cfÏg} 

3/df em'l08P/ cfTdxTof u/] . 

sf/0f k|]ddf c;kmn, dfgl;s 

tgfj . 

To:t} s]xL ;dosf] 

cGt/fndf ;f]xL k|s[ltsf 

36gf jf/alb{of gu/kflnsf 

hAbLufpFsf / g]pnfk'/ 

uf]ljGbk'/df klg bf]xf]l/of] . 

kl5Nnf] ;do oL / o:t} 36gf 

eO lszf]/fj:yfsf 5fq5fqf 

a/flng], s'ntdf km:g], aLr}df 

k9fO 5f8\g], dfgl;s tgfjsf] 

l;sf/ x'g], / cfTdxTof ug]{ 

qmd a9]sf 5g\ . 

o:t} 36gfnfO{ Go"lgs/0f 

ug{ ls;fg dflj kmRsxjf 

/fwfs[i0f yf? aª\unfd'v 

u'nl/of To;}u/L lxdfno 

cfwf/e"t ljBfno, augfxfdf 

lszf]/ lszf]/Lsf dfem …b 

cf6{ ckm lnleªcyf{t\ hLjg 

lhpg] snfÚ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . 

nfdf] ;dob]lv alb{ofnufot 

b]z}el/ hLjg lhpg] snf 

l;sfpFb} lxF8]sf u'? s~rg 

l3ld/]n] ;~rfng u/]sf] tLg 

306] cjlwdf ;xefuL em08} 

!)) ljBfyL{ pT;fxL b]lvGy] . 

ljleGg ;kmntfsf syf, 

k| ]/s jf0fL / k|ljlwsf dfWodaf6 

;~rfng ul/Psf] ;f] tfnLddf 

ljBfyL{n] cfkm" s;/L lhpg]sf 

cnfjf s;/L k9\g], s] ug] { s] 

gug] {, :d/0f zlQm s;/L a9fpg], 

lbdfusf] ;xL pkof]u s;/L 

;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ 

j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu 

xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ . 

lk; g]kfn cf]e/l;h k|f=ln= 

>d Ohfht g+= ^%*÷)^#÷)^$ 

wfkf;L, sf7df8f}+ 

kmf]g M )!–$#*@@%! 

ug] {, lszf]/ cj:yfdf x'g] zf/Ll/s 

cfsif{0f / ljsif{0f, s'ntaf6 aRg] 

pkfo l;s]sf lyP . 

tLg 306] cjlwdf 

sIff & / * df cWoog/t 

5fq5fqf sf]xL a]:;/L xfF;] 

eg] sf]xL w'?w'? /f]P/ sIff 

;DxfNg xDd]xDd] k/]sf] lyof] . 

ljBfyL{nfO{ ha pgLx¿n] 3/ 

/ ljBfnodf u'dfPsf] ;dosf] 

af/]df 1ft u/fOof], ha 

cfÏgf] nflu dl/d]6\g] cfdf 

a'afsf] :d/0f ug{ nufOof], 

pgLx¿n] lbnb]lv o;/L cg'e"t 

u/]sf] eGb} cfFz' yfDg ;s]gg\, 

ljutdf cfkm"x¿n] 7"nf] e'n 

u/]sf] atfpF5g\ / k|folZrt 

ub}{ cfkm"x¿ ;xL dfu{df lxF8\g] 

k|lta4tf ljBfyL{n] hfx]/ 

u/]sf 5g\ . 

cfly{s sf/f]af/ x'g] a}Fs, ljQLo ;+:yf h:tf 

7fpFdf k|x/Ln] ljz]if lgu/fgL /fv]sf] 5 . ;fy} 

wfld{s:yn, le8ef8 x'g] 7fpFdf kfs]6df/ tyf 

cGo ck/fw x'g;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L 

;'/Iff Joj:yf s8f kfl/Psf] atfOPsf] 5 . 

6]lnkmf]g cj?4 

lj/f6gu/ -h;_– lj/f6gu/ 

dxfgu/kflnsfdf oxL c;f]h !@ ut]b]lv s]xL 

If]qdf 6]lnkmf]g cj?4 ePsf] 5 . zlgdlGb/b]lv 

s]ZfNof hfg lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] 5 n]gsf] af6fdf 

gfnf agfpg] qmddf e"ldut clK6sn kmfOj/ 

nfOg Wj:t ePkl5 6]lnkmf]g cj?4 ePsf] g]kfn 

6]lnsd sfof{no lj/f6gu/df k|fljlws clws[t 

aRr'/fh vltj8fn] hfgsf/L lbP . gfnf agfpg] 

qmddf #)) nfOg / ()) nfOgsf b'O{ ;+/rgf 

Wj:t ePsfn] ;f] If]qdf ljtl/t &)) 6]lnkmf]g 

cj?4 ePsf] k|fljlws vltj8fn] atfOPsf] 5 . 

lhk b'3{6gfdf Pssf] d[To' 

Ko"7fg -h;_– Ko"7fgdf cfh laxfg ePsf] 

lhk b'3{6gfsf Pssf] Hofg uPsf] 5 . n'!r 

#$&@ g+ sf] lksck lhk b'3{6gfdf uf}d'vL 

ufpFkflnsf–% a:g] zflns a:g]tsf] 36gf:ynd} 

Hofg uPsf] xf] . 7"nfa]F;Laf6 afUb'nf cfpFb} 

u/]sf] lhk uf}d'vL % ;fnLla;f}gfdf b'3{6gfdf 

k/]sf] xf] . cf]/fnf]df u'l8/x]sf] uf8L a|]s km]n 

x'Fbf af6f]sf] s'gfdf 7f]lSsFbf b'3{6gf ePsf] 

k|ToIfbzL{n] atfPsf 5g\ . b'3{6gfdf cGo 

dfgjLo Iflt ePsf] 5}g\ . 36gfaf/] yk ljj/0f 

cfpg afFsL /x]sf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no Ko"7fgn] 

hgfPsf] 5 . 

@)&% c;f]h !^ ut], d+unaf/ 


ljb]z 

e"sDkaf6 Ps xhf/ eGbf a9Lsf] d[To' 

/fi6«ktLaf6 cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]usf] cfXjfg 

kfn' -PPkmkL_– OG8f]g]l;ofsf] ;'nfj];L 

6fk'df ut z'qmaf/ uPsf] zlQmzfnL e"sDk 

/ To;af6 l;lh{t ljgfzsf/L ;'gfdLsf sf/0f 

d[To' x'g]sf] ;ª\Vof ;f]daf/ Ps xhf/eGbf 

a9L k'u]sf] 5 . o; e"sdkl5 cGt//fli6«o 

;xof]usf] cfXjfg ul/Psf] 5 . vf]hL / 

p4f/sfo{ hf/L /x]sfn] d[To' x'g]sf] ;ª\Vof 

cem a9\g ;Sg] hgfOPsf] 5 . p4f/sdL{n] 

e"sDkaf6 elTsPsf 3/sf] eUgfjz]ifaf6 

s}of}F JolQmsf] zj lgsfn]sf 5g\ . h;sf 

sf/0f k|ltlbg d[To' x'g]sf] ;ª\Vof a9\b} uPsf] 

clwsf/Ln] hgfPsf 5g\ . 

oBkL ;/sf/L tYofª\scg';f/ eg] 

of] ;ª\Vof *#@ k'u]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . e"sDk 

uPsf] rf/ lbgkl5 b'u{d Onfsfdf cem} klg 

;Dks{ x'g;s]sf] 5}g . 3/sf eUgfjz]ifaf6 

lhjLt} JolQm p4f/sf] nflu p4f/stf{sf] k|of; 

hf/L /x]sf] 5 . OG8f]g]l;ofsf pk/fi6«klt 

h';'km sNnfn] kfn' ;x/sf leqL Onfsf;Dd 

p4f/stf{ cem} k'Ug afFsL /x]sfn] d[ts a9\g;Sg] 

hgfOPsf] xf] . OG8f]g]l;ofsf /fi6«klt hf]sf] 

lj8f]8f]n] kLl8tsf] ;xof]usf nflu cGt//fli6«o 

;+3;+:yf;Fu clkn u/]sf 5g\ . d[To' ePsfdWo] 

clwsf+z kfn' gu/sf :yfgLoaf;L /x]sf / ;of} F 

3fOt]sf] :yfgLo c:ktfndf pkrf/ eO/x]sf] 

clwsf/Lsf] egfO 5 . 

c:ktfnsf ejgdf klg Iflt ePsfn] 

v'Nnf 7fpFdf lqkfn 6fFu]/ 3fOt]sf] pkrf/ 

eO/x]sf] 5 . O08f]g]lzofsf] t6Lo ;x/ 

kfn'df z'qmaf/ &=% DoflUgRo"8sf] zlQmzfnL 

e"sDk uP;Fu} cfPsf] ;'gfdLn] Jofks Iflt 

u/]sf] 5 . k|x/L, ;}lgs, k|sf]k Joj:yfkgstf{, 

:jod;]jsnufotn] e"sDk / ;'gfdL k|efljt 

If]qdf vf]hL tyf p4f/;Fu} /fxtsf sfd klg 

ul//x]sf 5g\ . kfn' gu/sf eUgfjz]ifdf sof}F 

dflg; x/fO/x]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . e"sDk / 

;'gfdLn] a:g] 3/, ljBfno, dl:hb, c:ktfn, 

xf]6n / k;nnufotsf ef}lts ;+/rgfdf Iflt 

k'¥ofPsf] 5 . 

;/sf/L clwsf/Ln] cem} klg zlQmzfnL 

k/sDk cfpg]qmd hf/L /x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . 

o;}jif{ nf]Daf]sdf uPsf] zlQmzfnL e"sDkdf 

k/L %%) eGbfa9L dflg; dfl/Psf lyP . 

OG8f]g]l;ofdf l8;]Da/ @))$ df uPsf] (=! 

DofUgLRo"8sf] e"sDk / ;'gfdLsf sf/0f Ps 

nfv ^) xhf/eGbf a9Lsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . 

Dof;]8f]lgofsf] gfd kl/jt{g ug]{ kIfdf hgdt 

:sf]Kh -PPkmkL_– Dof;]8f]lgofsf 

dtbftfn] u|L;;Fu bzsf}+b]lv /x]sf] ljjfb 

;'NemfpFb} cfÏgf] d'n'ssf] gfd kl/jt{g 

ug]{ kIfdf dtbfg u/]sf 5g\ . cfOtaf/sf] 

hgdt;Ë|xdf Go"g dtbfg ePklg ax';+Vos 

dtbftfn] cnUu} gfd /fVg] k|:tfjdfly dtbfg 

u/]sf lyP . 

of] dtbfg;Fu} Dof;]8f]lgofnfO{ g]6f] 

/ o'/f]k]nL o'lgogsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug]{ 

af6f] v'n]sf] 5 . lgjf{rg cfof]usf cg';f/, 

d'n'ssf (# k|ltzt dtbfg:ynsf] dtu0fgf 

ubf{ (!=# k|ltztn] Dof;]8f]lgofsf] gfd pQ/L 

Dof;]8f]lgof /fVg ;xdlt hgfPsf 5g\ . gfd 

kl/jt{g ug{' x'Fb}g eGg] kIfdf s]an %=& 

k|ltzt dt cfPsf] lyof] . 

Dof;]8f]lgofsf !* nfv dtbftfdWo] 

sl/a Ps ltxfOn] dfq dtbfg u/]sf lyP . 

dtbfgsf] kl/0ffd ;fj{hlgs eP;Fu} u|L;sf] 

ljb]z dGqfnon] hf/L u/]sf] lj1lKtdf u|L; 

ut h'g dlxgfdf Dof;]8f]lgof;Fu ePsf] 

;Demf}tfk|lt k|lta4 /x]sf] atfPsf] 5 . gfd 

kl/jt{g u/]df Dof;]8f]lgofnfO{ g]6f] / o'/f]k]nL 

o'lgogsf] ;b:otfsf nflu ;xof]u ug]{ u|L;n] 

o;cl3 g} k|lta4tf JoQm ul/;s]sf] 5 . 

u|L;sf k|wfgdGqL cn]lS;; lrk|f;n] 

Dof;]8f]lgofsf ;dsIfLnfO{ 6]lnkmf]g u/L 

;Demf}tfsf] sfof{GjognfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg 

Dof;]8f]lgofsf k|wfgdGqLsf] ;fx; / 

k|lta4tfsf] k|z+;f u/] . ca Dof;]8f]lgofsf] 

gfd kl/jt{gsf nflu ;+;bsf] b'O{ ltxfO dt 

cfjZos kg]{5 . ;fy}, o;nfO{ u|L;sf] ;+;b\n] 

;d]t cg'df]bg ug{'kg]{5 . 

lrlsT;fzf:qtkm{ gf]a]n k'/:sf/ 3f]if0ff 

:6sxf]d -l;GXjf_– b'O{ j}1flgsnfO{ ;g\ 

@)!* sf] lrlsT;f zf:qtkm{sf] gf]a]n k'/:sf/ 

k|bfg ul/g] gf]a]n ;ldltn] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 

5 . sf/f]lnG:sf OlG:6Ro"6df ePsf] gf]a]n 

;Dd]ngn] cd]l/sL j}1flgs h]D; kL= Pln;g / 

hfkfgL j}1flgs tf;'s' xf]Gh'nfO{ ;+o'Qm ?kdf 

k|bfg ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . b'j} j}1flgsn] 

SofG;/ /f]usf] pkrf/sf If]qdf gjLg vf]hsf 

nflu pQm k'/:sf/ lbOPsf] gf]a]n ;ldltn] 

hgfPsf] 5 . 

o;}aLr, :jL8]gsf] cbfntn] 

;flxTotkm{sf] gf]a]n k'/:sf/sf nflu dgf]gog 

ul/Psf &@ jifL{o km|fG;]nL ;flxTosf/ hfF– 

Snfp8 cfgf]{N6nfO{ anfTsf/sf] cf/f]kdf 

b'O{ jif{sf] h]n ;hfo ;'gfPsf] 5 . :6sxf]d 

lhNnf cbfntn] ;flxTosf/ cfgf]{N6 bf]ifL 

/x]sf] k'i6L ePsf] atfPsf] 5 . cfgf]{N6sL 

kTgL :j]l8; Ps]8]dLsf] ;b:o /x]sL l5g\ . 

oxL Ps]8]dLn] ;flxTotkm{sf] gf]a]n k'/:sf/sf 

ljhoL 3f]if0ff ub{5 . log} b'Oj6f ljjfbsf 

sf/0f o;jif{ ;flxTotkm{sf] gf]a]n k'/:sf/ 

glbOg] ePsf] 5 . 

anfTsf/sf] cf/f]k gf]e]Da/ @)!& 

df p7]sf] lyof] . xlnp8sf rlr{t JolQmTj 

xfe]{ jfOG:6fOgdfly anfTsf/df bf]ifL kfOP;Fu} 

;flxTosf/ cfgf]{N6sf] d'2f ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 

xf] . :jL8]gsf] b}lgs cvaf/ 8fh]G; GoL6/n] 

cfgf]{N6dfly !* hgf dlxnfn] anfTsf/, 

of}gzf]if0f jf tgfj lbPsf] bfaL u/]sf] va/ 

5fk]sf] lyof] . 

o'/f]k]nL If]qdf a]/f]huf/L b/ 36Øf] 

a|;]N;, -PPkmkL_– o'/f]k]nL If]q -o'/f]hf]g_ 

df cfj4 !( j6f d'n'ssf] a]/f]huf/L b/df 

ut cui6 dlxgfdf *=! k|ltztn] sdL cfPsf] 

5 . ljZj cfly{s ;ª\s6 kZrft\ ;g\ @))* 

gf]e]Da/ otfs} of] ;a}eGbf a9L xf] . o'/f]:6f6sf 

cg';f/ ljQLo ;]jf;DaGwL kmd{ kmØfS6;]6n] 

u/]sf] ;j]{If0fn] cg'dfg u/]sf] *=@ k|ltzteGbf 

of] s]xL sd xf] . 

kl5Nnf] ;j]{If0fn] o'/f]hf]gdf ;sf/fTds 

;ª\s]t b]vf k/]sf] ljZn]ifsn] atfPsf 5g\ . 

o'/f]:6f6n] @* ;b:oLo o'/f]k]nL o'lgogdf Ps 

s/f]8 ^^ nfv sfd ug]{ pd]/sf o'/f]k]nLn] 

/f]huf/L kfpg g;s]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . oLdWo] 

Psn d'b|f k|of]u ug]{ o'/f]hf]gsf d'Vo !( j6f 

b]zdf Ps s/f]8 #@ nfv JolQm a]/f]huf/ 

5g\ . o'/f]hf]gdf a]/f]huf/L b/ 36\b}5 . ;g\ 

@)!# sf] clk|n / h'g dlxgfdf of] b/ !@=! 

k|ltzt;Dd k'u]sf] lyof] .

@)&% c;f]h !^ ut], d+unaf/ 


v]ns'b÷dgf ]/~hg 

l6–@) ljZjsk 5gf}6 v]Ng] 

!$ ;b:oLo l6dsf] 3f]if0ff 

sf7df8f}F -h;_– ;g\ @)@) 

df ci6«]lnofdf cfof]hgf x'g] l6–@) 

ljZjsksf] k"jL{ Plzof pk-If]lqo 

5gf}6 k|ltof]lutf v]Ng !$ ;b:oLo 

l6d 5gf}6 ul/Psf] 5 . cS6f]a/ # 

b]lv !@ ;Dd x'g] ;f] k|ltof]lutf nflu 

5flgPsf !$ v]nf8Ldf k|bLk l;+x P]/Ln] 

l6ddf sDAofs ePsf] 5 eg] OGh'/Laf6 

aflxl/Psf z/b e]:jfs/n] l6ddf 7fp 

agfPsf 5g\ . e]:jfs/ Plzof sk 

5gf}6df OGh'/Lsf sf/0f v]Ng kfPsf 

lyPgg\ . 

!$ ;b:oLo l6ddf kf/; v8\sf 

-sKtfg_, 1fg]Gb| dNn -pksKtfg_, clgn 

zfx, ljgf]b e08f/L, a;Gt /]UdL, lbk]Gb| 

l;+x P]/L, s/0f s];L, nlnt e08f/L, 

nlnt /fha+zL, cfl/km z]v, k|bLk 

P]/L, ;GbLk nfld5fg], z/b e]:jfs/ 

/ ;f]dkfn sfdL /x]sf 5g\ . lbk]z 

>]i7, ;'lgn wdnf, ;fu/ k'g / zxfa 

cfndnfO{ j}slNks v]nf8Lsf] ?kdf 

/flvPsf] 5 . 

!$ ;b:oLo l6d cfO;L;Lsf 

k|ltlglw cldg'n O:nfd, sf]r hut 

6df6f / sKtfg kf/; v8\sfn] 5gf}6 

u/]sf x'g\ . g]kfnLl6d;Fu Dofg]h/ 

tyf ljZn]ifssf] ?kdf /dg lzjfsf]6L, 

sf]r hut 6df6f / lkmlhof] lbg]z e§ 

dn]l;of hfb} 5g\. g]kfnL l6d ;f]daf/ 

ck/fGx Ps ah] dn]l;oftkm{ hfg] 5 . 

5gf}6 v]nsf] tflnsf 

o;}aLr g]kfn ;xefuL x'g] 

Pl;ofsf] k"jL{ pk–If]lqo 5gf}6 

k|ltof]lutfsf] v]n tflnsf ;fj{hlgs 

ePsf] 5 . g]kfn;lxt Pl;ofsf] 

pk–If]lqo 5gf}6df dn]l;of, e'6fg, 

DofGdf/, rLg, l;+ufk'/ / yfO{Nof08 

/x]sf 5g\ . o; pk–If]qaf6 lzif{ # b]z 

Pl;ofnL If]qLo 5gf}6 k|ltof]lutfsf 

nflu cuf8L a9\g]5g\ . Pl;ofnL If]qLo 

5gf}6 k|ltof]lutfsf nflu klZrdsf] 

pk–If]qaf6 o'PO{, s'j]t / stf/ 5gf}6 

e};s]sf 5g\ . 

g]kfn ;xefuL x'g] Pl;ofsf] k"jL{ 

pk–If]lqo 5gf}6 k|ltof]lutf dn]l;ofdf 

cfufdL # cS6f]a/af6 ;? x'g]5 . 

k|ltof]lutfdf ;a} 6f]nLn] Ps csf{;Fu 

v]Ng' kg]{5 . g]kfnn] cfÏgf] klxnf] v]ndf 

cS6f]a/ # df DofGdf/;Fu v]Ng] 5 . o:t} 

bf];|f] v]n dn]l;of;Fu cS6f]a/ ^ df, 

t];|f] v]n cS6f]a/ & df yfONof08;Fu, 

rf}yf] v]n cS6f]a/ ( df e'6fg;Fu, 

kfFrf} v]n cS6f]a/ !) df rLg;Fu / 

clGtd tyf 5}7f}+ v]n cS6f]a/ !@ df 

l;+ufk'/;Fu v]Ng] ePsf] 5 . 

cfO{;L;Ln] lqms]6df ;xeflutf 

Jofks agfpg] gLlt /0flglt cg';f/ 

l6–@) ljZjskdf s'n ^@ b]zn] pk– 

If]lqo 5gf}6 k|ltof]lutfdf ;xeflutf 

hgfpg] ePsf 5g\ . ^@ b]zaf6 @% 

b]zn] If]lqo 5gf}6sf] kmfOgn r/0fdf 

:yfg agfpg] / If]lqo 5gf}6kl5 lzif{ & 

b]z 5gf}6 k|ltof]lutf v]Ng] cfO;L;Ln] 

hgfPsf] 5 . k"jL{ / klZrdL If]qsf] 

5gf}6af6 5flgPsf #-# b]zn] If]qLo 

5gf}6 k|ltof]lutf v]Ng]5g\ h;af6 

pTs[i6 @ l6dn] l6–@) ljZjsksf] 

Unf]an 5gf}6 v]Ng]5g\ . 

ljZjsksf nflu Unf]an 

5gf}6df cfO{;L;Lsf] jl/otfdf @)!* 

l8;]Da/;Dd !! b]lv !^ gDa/df /x]sf 

l6d / laleGg If]qaf6 pTs[i6 eP/ 

cfPsf * l6dn] ul/ s'n !$ l6dn] 

k|lt:kwf{ ug]{5g\ . cfO{;L;Lsf] l6–@) 

jl/otfdf pTs[:6 ( l6d / cfof]hs 

c:6«]lnof ul/ !) l6d l6–@) ljZjsk 

v]Ng :jtM 5gf}6 x'g]5g\ eg] Unf]an 

l6–@) ljZjsk 5gf}6af6 pTs[:6 ^ 

l6d ul/ s'n !^ l6d l6–@) ljZjsk 

v]Ng] 5g\ . l6–@) ljZjsk @)@) 

cS6f]a/ !* af6 ci6«]lnofdf cfof]hgf 

x'g]5 . 

ljZjsf] ;jf{lws prfO 5'drf}/df v]nd}bfg aGb} 

h'Dnf -h;_– h'Dnf ;b/d'sfd 

vnª\ufb]lv k"jL{ e]udf kg{] ljZjsf] 

;jf{lws prfO kftf/f;L ufpFkflnsfsf] 

5'drf}/df v]nd}bfg aGg] ePsf] 5 . b'O{ 

xhf/ *)) ld6/ prfOdf /x]sf] kftf/ 

f;L ufpFkflnsf–# 5'drf}/l:yt dflnsf 

dflj nf]8rf}/df pQm v]nd}bfg aGg] 

ePsf] xf] . 

lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldltsf 

h'Dnfsf k|d'v sljbQ Gof}kfg]sf cg';f/ 

ljZjsf] cNnf] :yfgdf wfg kmNg] lulgh 

a'sdf /]s8{ /flvPsf] :yfg 5'drf}/df 

v]ns"b d}bfg agfpFb} 5f}F . o; v]ns"b 

d}bfg lgdf{0fsf nflu clxn] d}bfg 

ldnfpg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5, pgn] eg], 

;/sf/sf] ? !% nfv ah]6df v]nd}bfg 

ldnfO/x]sf 5f}F, o;sf] l8lkcf/ klg 

aGb}5 k|ltj]bg cfpg afFsL 5 . 

s0ff{nL k|b]z v]ns"b ultljlw, 

v]bs"b d}bfg, /ª\uzfnf lgdf{0fsf nflu 

cfjZos dfkb08 / ef}uf]lnstfsf] 

cg'udgsf qmddf h'Dnf k'u]sf] o'jf 

tyf v]ns"b dGqfnosf ;lrj dx]z 

bfxfn g]t[Tjsf] 6f]nLn] v]ns"b d}bfgsf] 

xfn} ;DefJotf cWoogsf] sfo{ z'? 

ul/Psf] lyof] . …s0ff{nL /ª\uzfnfÚ 

lgdf{0fn] Psflt/ s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] v]n 

hutsf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ x'g]5 eg] csf]{lt/ 

s0ff{nL If]qnfO{ v]ns"b ko{6gsf ¿kdf 

ljsf; ub}{ n}hfg 7"nf] cj;/ k|fKt 

x'g] b]lvG5 . o;sf nflu ;DalGwt 

;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfn] a]n}df Wofg lbg 

cfjZos 5 . dflnsf dflj nf]8rf}/df 

xfOclN6Ro'6 6]«l8ª ;]G6/sf] l8lkcf/ 

tof/ ePkl5 pQm ljBfnonfO{ sxfF 

lng] s] ug{] eGg] lg0f{o x'g] kftf/f;L 

ufpFkflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t 

/fdaxfb'/ a'9fn] atfP . 

g]kfn o'y Plzof skaf6 aflxl/of] 

sf7df8f}F -h;_– 

a+unfb]zdf hf/L P;L;L o" 

!( o'y Plzof skdf g]kfnn] 

ckmuflg:tfg;Fu # ljs]6 

ePsf] 5 . k|ltof]lutfdf bf];|f] 

xf/;Fu} g]kfn k|ltof]lutfaf6 

aflxl/Psf] 5 . k|ltof]lutfdf 

;d'x P af6 ef/t / 

ckmuflg:tfgn] @–@ v]ndf 

lht xfl;n ub}{ ;]ldkmfOgndf 

k'u]sf 5g\ eg] g]kfn / o'POn] 

;d'x r/0fsf] Ps Ps v]n 

afFsL x'b} @–@ v]ndf xf/ a]xf]b}{ 

aflxl/Psf 5g\ . 

bf];|f] v]ndf g]kfnn] lbPsf] 

!#@ /gsf] nIo k5\ofPsf] 

ckmuflg:tfgn] #&=# cf]e/df 

u'dfpb} nIo k'/f u/]sf] lyof]. 

ckmuflg:tfgsf] lhtdf 

/Xdg'Nnfx u'af{hn] ;jfl{\ws 

/g agfP eg] cHdt'Nnfx 

cf]df/hfO{ / cl/km vfgn] 

@#–@# /g agfPsf lyP . 

g]kfnsf nflu ;'o{ tfdfªn] 

$ ljs]6 lnP eg] ;fu/ 

9sfn, kjg ;/fkm / /lzb 

vfgn] Ps Ps ljs]6 lnPsf 

lyP . o;cl3 g]kfnn] 6; 

lht]/ klxnf Aofl6+u ub}{ 

#*=# cf]e/df cn x'b} !#! 

/g agfPsf] lyof] . g]kfnn] 

;'?jftL @! /g d} ;'?jftL $ 

ljs]6 u'dfPsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf 

$ v]nf8L z'Go /gdf cfp6 

ePsf lyP eg] $ Aof6\;Dofgn] 

dfq bf]xf]/f] c+sdf /g agfPsf 

lyP . 

g]kfnsf nflu /f]lxt 

kf}8]nn] ;jfl{\ws $^ /g 

agfPsf lyP . /f]lxtn] sKtfg 

df]xdb cl;km ;]v;Fu %# /gsf] 

;fem]bf/L u/]sf lyP. /f]lxt 

kf}8]n / /lzb vfgn] #* /gsf] 

;fem]bf/L u/]sf lyP . g]kfnsf 

nflu /flzb vfgn] #) tyf 

sKtfg cfl;km ;]vn] @) /g 

agfPsf 5g\ eg] cf]kg/ /Lt 

uf}tdn] !) /g agfPsf lyP . 

ckmuflg:tfgsf cHdt'Nnfx 

cf]df/hfOn] $ ljs]6 lnP eg] 

cAb'n /xdfg / Sj]h cxdb 

sdfjfnn] @–@ ljs]6 lnPsf 

lyP . To:t} l/hjfgj'Nnfx / 

df]xdb sla/n] Ps Ps ljs]6 

lnPsf lyP . ca g]kfnn] 

k|ltof]lutfsf] t];|f] v]n cS6f]a/ 

@ d+unaf/ cyf{t c;f]h !^ 

df o'PO;Fu v]Ng] 5 . 

Dof/f]8f]gf eG5g\, …d];Ln] /fli6«o 

l6daf6 ;Gof; lng'k5{Ú 

sf7df8f}F -Ph]G;L_– 

ch]l{\G6gfsf km'6an lnh]08 

l8Puf] Dof/f]8f]gfn] :6f/ 

v]nf8L lnof]g]n d];LnfO{ 

/fli6«o l6daf6 ;Gof; lng 

;Nnfx lbPsf 5g\. ljZjskaf6 

aflxl/Pkl5 /fli6«o l6dsf b'O{ 

v]ndf cg'kl:yt /x]sf d];LnfO{ 

Dof/f]8f]gfn] ca /fli6«o l6ddf 

gkmls{g ;Nnfx lbPsf x'g\ . 

Dof/f]8f]gfn] ch]{lG6gL l6dsf] 

c;kmntfdf d];LnfO{ lgzfgf 

agfOPsf]df c;Gt'li6 JoQm 

ub}{ ;f] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf] 

cGt/fl{\i6«o ldl8ofx?n] pNn]v 

u/]sf 5g\ . 

Dof/f]8f]gfn] eg]sf 5g\, 

ÚcG8/ !% l6ddf x'bf ch]l{\G6gf 

xfof]{ bf]if d];LnfO{ g} lbOof], 

af]sf h'lgo;{;Fusf] ljjfbdf 

klg d];LnfO{ g} bf]if lbOof], 

d];LnfO{ ;w} lgzfgf agfOG5 .Ú 

pgn] eg] d}n] d];LnfO{ eG5' 

l6ddf km]/L kms]{/ ghfp, 

x]/f} ltgLx? s;/L XofG8n 

u5{g l6dnfO{ .Ú Dof/f]8f]gfn] 

ch]{lG6gL km'6an Joj:yfkgsf] 

cfnf]rgf ub}{ xfdLn] ch]l{\G6gL 

km'6andf cfh]{sf] OHht / 

;DdfgnfO{ clxn] u'dfPsf] 

atfP . pgn] clxn] ch]{lG6gL 

km'6ann] s]lx ug{ g;s]sf] 

eGb} km'6an v]n lhTg] Ouf] 

ch]{lG6gfn] u'dfPsf] atfP . 

syf sf7df8f}+n] kfof] snfsf/sf] ;fy 

sf7df8f}F -h;_– ut z'qmaf/af6 

k|bz{gdf cfPsf] lkmNd syf sf7df08f}FnfO{ 

ljz]if zf]df ?rfOPsf] 5 . /fhwfgLl:yt 

s'df/L xndf cfOtjf/ ;fFem ul/Psf] 

ljz]if zf] df lkmNd x]l/;s]kl5 ;]lna|]6Ln] 

o;sf] syfj:t' / lgb]{zg;Fu} snfsf/sf] 

clegosf] k|;+;f u/]sf 5g\ . 

lkmNd x]g{sf] nfluk'j{ ld; 

g]kfn ;lbIff >]i7, lgdf{tf ;+3sf 

cWoIf cfsfz clwsf/L, dfwj jfUn], 

lgb]{zsg ljg ;'Aaf, czf]s zdf{, k|bLk 

e§/fO{, lbk]Gb| s] vgfn, ;fDt]g e'l6of, 

lbk]Gb| nfdfnufot pkl:yt lyP . 

snfsf/tkm{ vu]Gb| nfld5fg], bLks/fh 

lu/L, s]bf/ l3ld/], lgd{n zdf{, lht' 

g]kfn, k|zfGt tfd|fsf/, k'hf zdf{, aiff{ 

/fpt;Fu} syf sf7dfG8f} o'lg6n] lkmNd 

x]/]sf lyP . 

cxfgf lkmND;sf] Aofg/df lgdf{0f 

ePsf] lkmNdnfO{ ufos ljho /fO{n] lgdf{0f 

u/]sf x'g\ . o;df lk|o+sf sfsL{, k|df]b 

cu|x/L, cfo'idfg l8P; hf]zL, ;Ghf]u 

sf]O/fnf, ;GWof s];L / k]Iff clwsf/L 

nufotsf] clego /x]sf] 5 . 6]ln lkmNd 

lgb]{zgdf rrf{ sdfPsL ;~rf/sdL{ 

;+uLtf >]i7n] o;} lkmNddfkm{t lgb]{zgdf 

8]Ao' u/]sL l5g . pgn] lkmNddf 

sf7dfG8f}sf leGg leGg ltg syfnfO{ 

l3l;ª / tfdfª ag] ls8\; cfOsg 

b]vfpg] k|of; u/]sL l5g\ . 

lgb]{zs k|bLk e§/fO{n] lkmNd 

/fd|f] ag]sf] k|ltlqmof lbP . pgn] of] 

lkmNd olta]nf h] ;'s} ePklg cfpbf] 

s]lx jif{kl5 of] ;dodf syf sf7dfG8f} 

ag]sf] lyof] eg]/ xfdLn] cjZo ;lDemg] 

atfP . ;dfhsf oyfy{ lrq0fnfO{ kbf{df 

lrq0f ug]{ k|of; Psbd} /fd|f] /x]sf] eGb} 

pgn] lkmNdn] of] ;x/sf] 36gfqmdnfO{ 

b]vfPsf] atfP . csf{ lgb]{zs lbk]Gb| s] 

vgfnn] lkmNdn] xfd|} j/k/sf] syfnfO{ 

eg]sf] eGb} of] Pp6f ;f]r dfq geP/ 

oyfy{ /x]sf] atfP . 

ld; g]kfn ;lbIff >]i7n] lkmNd 

x]l//Xbf s]lx efj's ag]sf] eGb} d}n] g 

a'em]sf] leGg leGg syfnfO{ klg lkmNddf 

b]s+ kfPsf] atfOg\ . snfsf/ lht' 

g]kfnn] lkmNddf dgf]/+hg dfq geP/ 

;+b]z klg /x]sf] atfpb} lkmNd /]u'n/ 

lkmNdeGbf km/s /x]sf] atfP . 

cleg]qL k'hf zdf{n] lkmNd /fd|f] 

ag]sf] eGb} h;/L uLtsf] sf/0fn] rrf{df 

cfof] To:tf] gePsf] eGb} dlxnfsf] ;d:of 

/ afWotf;Fu} o;df ;xg IfdtfnfO{ klg 

b]vfOPsf] atfOg\ . csL{ cleg]qL jiff{ 

/fptn] o; lsl;dsf] lkmNd xfd|f] nflu 

gofF ePsf] eGb} lkmNd cfkm'nfO{ w]/} /fd|f] 

nfu]sf] k|ltlqmof lbOg\ . 

lkmNd u'gu'gsf] kf]i6/ ;fj{hlgs 

sf7df8f}F -h;_– ld:6/ P08 

ld; ls8\; cfO{sg g]kfn @)!* sf] 

ljh]tf l/bd l3l;ª / cS;f tfdfª 

ePsf 5g\ . ljh]tfx?n] ;dfh;]jL hut 

axfb'/ u'¿ªsf] xftaf6 k'/:sf/ kfPsf 

5g\ . u'?+usf] k|d'v cfltYo tyf k|ldnf 

tfdfªsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf 

k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ul/Psf] xf] . 

sfo{qmddf l/bd l3l;ª / cS;f 

tfdfª ;+o'Qm ?kdf ljh]tf ePsf 

x'g\ . k|ltof]lutfdf b'O{j6f pd]/ ;d"x /x]sf] 

lyof] . h;df * b]lv !@ ;Dd U?k …PÚ / 

!@ b]lv !$ pd]/sf …aLÚ U?k 5'6\ofOPsf] 

lyof] . cS;f u|'k …PÚaf6 ljhoL ePsL 

x'g\ eg] l/bd u|'k …aLÚaf6 ljhoL ePsL 

x'g\ . ;g;fOg k|f]8S;gn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] 

sfo{qmddf U?k …PÚaf6 bf];|f]df cfs[lt 

leqsf]6L / U?k …aLÚaf6 kln:yf k|hfklt 

ljhoL ePsL l5g\ . t];|f] :yfgdf U?k 

…PÚaf6 v';L zfxL / U?k …aLÚaf6 Ph]g 

u'?ª ljhoL ePsf 5g\ . k|ltof]lutfdf 

;xefuLnfO{ ljleGg zLif{sdf pkflw 

lbOPsf] lyof] . 

ljlzi6 cltly lxdfnog sn]hsf 

lk|lG;kn /fdx/L l;njfnn] k|df0fkq 

lbPsf lyP . k|yd x'g]nfO{ gub !% 

xhf/,6«kmL, k|df0fkq bf];|f] x'g]nfO{ gub !) 

xhf/, 6«kmL;lxt k|df0fkq, t[tLo x'g]nfO{ 

gub & xhf/ % ;o;lxt 6«kmL / k|df0fkq 

lbOPsf lyof] . sfo{qmddf jl/i7 clwjQmf 

lbg]z lqkf7L, ljlzi6 cltyL l;njfn 

nufotn] cfÏgf] dGtJo /fv]sf lyP . 

sf7df8f}F -h;_– g]kfnL rnlqq 

u'gu'gsf] kf]:6/ ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 

5 . ;fj{hlgs kf]:6/df lkmNdsf] 

d'Vo kfqx?nfO{ ;d]l6Psf] 5 eg] 

o;sf] syf;f/nfO{ klg emNsfpg] 

k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . kf]:6/ ;fj{hlgs 

ub}{ lkmNdn] k|rf/k|;f/nfO{ cuf8L 

a9fPsf] 5 . o;df k|]d;Fu} ;fdflhs 

syfnfO{ klg ;d]l6Psf] o;sf lgb]{zs 

k'sf/ e§f/fO{n] atfPsf 5g\ . 

k'/fgf snfsf/ k'sf/n] o;} 

lkmNd dfkm{t lgb]{zgdf 8]Ao' 

ub}{5g\ . k|fygf lkmND;sf] k|:t'ltdf 

tof/ ePsf] lkmNddf ;+lrtf n'OF6]n, 

/ljGb| k|tfk ;]g, ;'jf; d]r], gljg 

>]i7, u0f]z lh;L, b]zeQm vgfn, 

cg' e08f/L, ;'d]z >]i7, /fwf bfxfn, 

led d}gfnL, aflNbk /fO{, ljlkg k|;fO{ 

/ :jod\ lgb]{zs e§/fO{sf] clego 

/x]sf] 5 . 

lkmNddf lxdfn s];Lsf] åGb, 

ch{'g lh;Lsf] ;Dkfbg / ;f}/e 

nfdfsf] 5fofFsg /x]sf] 5 . k|]d syfdf 

cfwfl/t o;lkmNdnfO{ pkTosf aflx/ 

cf/ cf/ lkmND; / pkTosf ;'lgn 

dfgGw/n] ljt/0f ug]{5g\ . lgb]{zs 

k'sf/ e§/fO{n] snfsfl/tf dfkm{t 

;+ufn]sf] cg'ejnfO{ o;df lgdf{tf / 

lgb]{zssf] ¿kdf k|of]u u/]sf] atfP . 

pgn] s]lx ;6{ lkmNd / efiffefifLsf] 

lkmNd t lgdf{0f ul/;s]sf] atfpb} 

lkmr/ lkmNd lgb]{zg eg] of] klxnf] 

ePsf] atfP . o; rnlrq sflt{s 

#) df l/lnh x'b}F5 .

cy{÷/f]huf/ 

‘uN5L–lqz"nL–d}n'ª–:ofk|m'aF];L– 

/;'jfu9L’ ;8ssf] d'cfAhf ljt/0f z'? 

a]qfjtL -h;_–/fli6«o uf}/ 

jsf] cfof]hgfsf ?kdf lj:tf/ 

eO/x]sf] …uN5L–lqz"nL–d}n'ª– 

:ofk|m'aF];L–/;'jfu9LÚ ;8s cfof] 

hgfcGtu{t ;8ssf] bfofFafofF 

kg]{ hUufsf] d'cfAhf /sd 

ljt/0f ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . klxnf] 

r/0fdf lhNnfsf] ;fljssf tLg 

uflj; -b'O{lkkn, /ftdf6] / 

lhlnª_df d'cfAhf ljt/0f 

eO/x]sf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L 

p4jaxfb'/ yfkfn] hfgsf/L 

lbP . tL :yfgsf] hUufsf] d"No 

? b'O{ nfv %) xhf/b]lv tLg 

nfv @% xhf/;Dd tf]lsPsf] 

5 . lhk|sfsf n]vfkfn /fdhL 

nD;fnsf cg';f/ d'cfAhf /sd 

ljt/0f eO/x]sf] / xfn;Dd #% 

hUufwgLn] ? rf/ s/f]8 5 nfv 

a'lem;s]sf 5g\ . 

d'cfAhf lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] 

a}7sn] k|f/lDes d'cfAhf 

lgwf{/0fsf nflu u7g pk;ldltn] 

k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bg, hUufsf] 

juL{s/0f, ;/sf/ tyf cGo 

lgsfosf ;'emfjnfO{ b[li6ut u/L 

hUuf k|flKt P]g @)#$ cg';f/ 

;8s bfofFafofF !%–!% ld6/ 

hUufsf] d'cfAhf /sd lgwf{/0f 

ePcg';f/ hUufwgLnfO{ /sd 

k|bfg eO/x]sf] pgn] atfP . cfof] 

hgfn] d'cfAhf /sd ljt/0fsf 

nflu ? @% s/f]8 pknAw u/ 

fPkl5 k|e' a}+s a§f/zfvfdfkm{t 

hUufwgLnfO{ pQm /sd ljt/0f 

eO/x]sf] / bz}F cl3;Dd /sd 

pknAw u/fO;Sg] nIo lnOPsf] 

hgfOPsf] 5 . d'cfAhf lgwf{/0f 

;ldltsf] a}7sn] d'cfAhf 

lgwf{/0f /sdcGtu{t ;fljssf 

tLg uflj;df k|ltcfgf v]tLof] 

Uo hUufsf] ? tLg nfv @% 

xhf/ / kfvf] If]qsf] ? b'O{ nfv 

%) xhf/ tf]s]sf] lyof] . 

;ldltn] bf];|f] r/0fdf 

;fljs u]v'{ uflj;sf] afGb|]b] 

lv a]qfjtL x'Fb} dgsfdgfsf] 

gofF k'naf6 d}n'ª;Ddsf] d"No 

lgwf{/0f ug]{ hgfPsf] 5 . tL 

:yfgdf kg]{ hUufsf] If]qkmnsf] 

;"rgf k|sfzg eO;s]sf] 5 . 

t];|f] r/0fdf ljb'/ gu/kflnsf–=! 

9'ª\u] ahf/b]lv j8f g+ % b] 

jL3f6 ahf/;Ddsf hUufwgLsf] 

hUufsf] If]qkmn;lxtsf] ;"rgf 

k|sfzg ul/g] cfof]hgf k|d'v 

;'af]ws'df/ b]jsf]6fn] hfgsf/L 

lbP . pgsf cg';f/ d'cfAhf 

lgwf{/0fdf ePsf] ljjfbn] ;8s 

lj:tf/sf] sfd cl3 a9fpg 

eO/x]sf] ;d:of ca ;dfwfg 

x'g] / lgdf{0fn] tLj|tf kfpg] 5 

. …uN5L–/;'jfu9LÚ ;8s k[YjL / 

fhdfu{l:yt wflbªsf] uN5Laf6 

g'jfsf]6sf] b]jL3f6–lqz"nL– 

/;'jfsf] d}n'ª–:ofk|m'aF];L– 

/;'jfu9L x'Fb} rLgsf] s]?ª k|j] 

zåf/;Dd hf]8\g *@ lsnf]ld6/ 

b"/L 5 . 

lqb]zLo Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o / 

fhdfu{sf ¿kdf lj:tf/ eO/x] 

sf] pQm ;8s 7]s]bf/ kIf, g] 

kfnL ;]gf / rLg ;/sf/dfkm{t 

tLg v08df sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . 

rLg;Fusf] ;Ldf If]q /;'jfu9Lb] 

lv wflbªsf] uN5L;Ddsf] ;8s 

lgdf{0fsf g]kfn ;/sf/n] / … 

uN5L–lqz"nL–d}n'ª–:ofk|m'a] 

F;L–/;'jfu9LÚ ;8s ? gf} ca{ 

%) s/f]8sf] nufgLdf csf]{ Ps 

sDkgLn] lj:tf/ tyf :t/f] 

Gglt ul//x]sf] 5 . wflbªsf] 

uN5Lb]lv /;'jfsf] :ofk|m';Dd 

$^ lsdL ;8s sf]e]s–6'08L– 

/;'jf sG:6«S;gdfkm{t 

lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] 5 . pQm 7] 

s]]bf/ sDkgLnfO{ ? tLg ca{ 

^# s/f]8df sfd ug]{ lhDdf 

lbOPsf] xf] . :ofk|m'b]lv 

/;'jfu9L;Ddsf] lj:tf/ Pj+ 

:t/f]Gglt rLg ;/sf/dfkm{t g} 

cl3 a9fpg nfluPsf] 5 . 

tgx'“ hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ 

s f 7 d f 8 f } - h ; _ – t g x ' F 

xfO8«f]kfj/ lnld6]8n] !$) 

d]ufjf6 hl8t Ifdtfsf] tgx'F 

hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] d'Vo 

lgdf{0fsf] lgdf{0f sDkgL;Fu 

cfh 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 

5 . cfof]hgfsf] gbL kmsf{pg], 

afFwnufot klxnf] r/0fsf] 

;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf nflu Go"gtd 

d"No k|:tfj ug]{ O6fn]nL 

sDkgL l;Pd;L;Fu cfh oxfF 

;Demf}tf ePsf] xf] . tgx'F 

xf8«f]kfj/ lnld6]8sf tkm{af6 

k|aGw ;~rfns k|bLks'df/ 

lys] / l;Pd;Lsf tkm{af6 

cflwsfl/s k|ltlglw ;fnef6f]/ 

sfl:so/n] ;Demf}tfkqdf 

x:tfIf/ ug{'ePsf] 5 . 

l;Pd;L;Fu ? @) ca{ ^$ s/f]8 

%@ nfvdf vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf] 

xf] . cfof]hgfsf] ;'?ª, ljB'Tu[x 

lgdf{0f / xfO8«f]d]sflgsn tyf 

On]S6«f]d]sflgsn pks/0f cfk"lt{, 

h8fg tyf ;~rfngnufot 

bf];|f] Kofs]hsf sfdsf nflu 

lrlgofF sDkgL l;gf] xfO8«f] 

skf]{/]zg lnld6]8;Fu ;Demf}tf 

ePsf] tgx'F xfO8«f]kfj/ sDkgLn] 

hgfPsf] 5 . 

tgx'F xf8«f]kfj/ sDkgLsf 

tkm{af6 k|aGw ;~rfns lys] 

/ l;gf] xfO8«f]sf tkm{af6 

cflwsfl/s k|ltlglw 5]ª 

;f]P:ofªn] x:tfIf/ ug{'ePsf] 

xf] . sDkgL;Fu ? tLg ca{ *# 

s/f]8 !$ nfvdf v/Lb ;Demf}tf 

ePsf] xf] . b'j} Kofs]hsf] lgdf{0f 

b'O{ dlxgfkl5 sfd z'? ul/g] 

/ ;Dk"0f{ lgdf{0f cfufdL kfFr 

jifl{\eq cyf{t\ -l8;]Da/ @)@#_ 

df ;Sg] nIo lgwf{/0f u/L 7]Ssf 

;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 . k|aGw 

;~rfns lys]n] tgx'F hnljB't\ 

cfof]hgf s'n]vfgLkl5 aGg 

nfu]sf] hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgf 

ePsf] / ljB'Tsf] ef/ Joj:yfkgsf 

nflu dxTjk"0f{ cfof]hgf ePsfn] 

lgwfl{|t ;doeGbf cufj} lgdf{0f 

;DkGg ug{ lgdf{0f sDkgLnfO{ 

cfu|x ug{'eof] . pxfFn] cfof]hgf 

lgdf{0f lgwfl{|t ;dodf ;DkGg 

u/{\g] k|lta4tfsf nflu 

tgx'F xfO8«f]kfj/ lnld6]8 / 

lgdf{0f sDkgLsf pRr txsf] 

Joj:yfkgaLr s]xL ;doleq} 

5nkmn ug]{ / lgdf{0f sDkgLn] 

cfof]hgf lgwfl{|t ;dod} ;DkGg 

u/{\g] k|lta4tf hgfPsf 5g\ . 

tgx'F xfO8«f]kfj/ lnld6]8n] 

ut ;fpg & ut] af]nkqsf] glthf 

;fj{hlgs u/L 5gf]6 ePsf 

lgdf{0f sDkgLnfO{ sfo{;Dkfbg 

hdfgt;lxt v/Lb ;Demf}tfsf 

nflu cfpg kqfrf/ u/]sf] lyof] . 

klxnf] Kofs]h lgdf{0fsf nflu 

k"j{of]Uotfdf 5gf]6 ePsf kfFr 

sDkgLdWo] tLg j6fn] / bf];|f] 

Kofs]hsf nflu k"j{of]Uotfdf 

5gf]6 ePsf tLg sDkgLdWo] b'O{ 

j6fn] af]nkq k]z u/]sf lyP . 

cfof]hgfsf] t];|f] Kofs]hcGtu{t 

bdf}nLaf6 lrtjgsf] e/tk'/;Dd 

@@) s]eLsf] 8an ;ls{6 k|;f/0f 

nfOg lgdf{0f ug{ lgdf{0f sDkgL 

5gf]6sf nflu af]nkqsf] d"NofÍg 

eO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn ljB't\ 

k|flws/0f / tgx'F xfO8«f]kfj/ 

lnld6]8aLr ljB't\ vl/b laqmL 

;Demf}tf ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . 

tgx'Fsf] l/l;ª ufpFkflnsf–! df 

sfof{no tyf sd{rf/L cfjf;u[x 

lgdf{0fsf] sfd clGtd r/0fdf 

5 . hnfzo If]qsf] hUufk|flKtsf 

nflu (% k|ltzt d'cfAhf ljt/0f 

eO;s]sf] 5 . 

afFwtkm{ hfg] kx'Fr dfu{ 

lgdf{0f / Jof; gu/kflnsf–% 

df aGg] >lds cfjf;u[xsf 

nflu hUuf clwu|x0fsf 

ug{ d'cfAhf lgwf{/0f eO{ 

d'cfAhf ljt/0f x'g] qmddf 

5 . cfof]hgfsf] s"n nfut 

s/La ? %) ca{ %) s/f]8 

/x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfdf 

PlzofnL ljsf; a}+s, hfkfg 

cGt/fl{\i6«o ;xof]u lgof]u 

-hfOsf_, o'/f]lkog OGe]:6d]G6 

a}+s, g]kfn ;/sf/, g]kfn ljB't\ 

k|flws/0fnufotn] nufgL u/]sf 

5g\ . bdf}nL– o;dWo] PlzofnL 

ljsf; a}+s-Pl8aL_n] cd]l/sL 

8n/ !%) ldlnog, hfkfg 

cGt/fl{\i6«o ;xof]u lgof]u 

-hfOsf_n] cd]l/sL 8n/ !*$ 

ldlnog, o'/f]lkog OGe]i6d]G6 

a+}s -OcfO{aL_n] cd]l/sL 8n/ 

*% ldlnog / g]kfn ;/sf/÷ 

k|flws/0fn] cd]l/sL 8n/ *& 

ldlnog Joxf]{g] u/L ljQLo 

Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf 

nflu ;DalGwt bft[ lgsfo / 

g]kfn ;/sf/aLr C0f ;Demf}tf 

tyf g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|flws/0f 

Pj+ k|flws/0f / o; sDkgLaLr 

;xfos C0f ;Demf}tf ;DkGg 

eO;s]sf 5g\ . 

gu/sf]6 hfg] ko{6snfO{ ca bf]xf]/f] ko{6g z'Ns 

eQmk'/ -h;_–eQmk'/ / 

sfe|]sf] l;dfgfdf kg]{ cGt/ 

f{li6«o ko{6sLo:yn gu/sf]6 

hfg] afXo b]zsf ko{6sn] ca 

bf]xf]/f] s/ ltg'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . 

eQmk'/sf] rfFu'gf/fo0f / sfe|]sf] 

d08g b]pk'/ gu/kflnsfaLr 

;dGjo gxF'bf b'j} gu/kflnsfn] 

cf–cfˆgf] gu/sf tkm{af6 ko{6g 

z'Ns p7fpg] ePkl5 bf]xf]/f] s/ 

ltg'{kg]{ ePsf] xf] . eQmk'/sf] 

rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsfn] cfj 

)&$÷)&% df ? %! nfvdf 

gu/sf]6 hfg] ko6{s;Fu k|j]z 

z'Ns p7fpg 7]Ssfdf lbPkl5 

b'O{ gu/kflnsfaLr ko{6g 

z'Nssf ljifodf ljjfb x'Fb} 

cfPsf] lyof] . 

rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsfn] 

cfj @)&%÷)&^ sf] nflu ? tLg 

s/f]8 @% nfvdf 7]Ssf lbPkl5 

rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf–^ 

t]nsf]6 / j8f gDa/ * sf] 

snd;Ldf a;]/ ko{6s;Fu 

z'Ns lnFb} cfPsf 5g\ . h;df 

ljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf /x]sf] 

rfFu'gf/fo0f dlGb/ hfg]af6f]df 

;d]t 7]s]bf/n] z'Ns p7fO/x]sf 

5g\ . o;af/]df rfFu'gf/fo0fsf 

gu/k|d'v ;f]d ld>n] gu/sf]6sf] 

ljsf;df b'O{ gu/kflnsfaLr 

;dGjo u/]/ cl3 a9\g] atfpFb} 

ko{6snfO{ bf]xf]/f] s/sf] df/df 

gkfg]{ Joj:yfsf nflu 5nkmn 

ul/g] atfP . 

otf sfe|]sf] d08g b]pk'/ 

gu/kflnsfn] klg rfn" cfjaf6 

gu/sf]6 hfg] ko{6s;Fu k|j]z 

z'Ns lng] ;"rgf hf/L u/]sf] 

5 . gu/kflnsfn] @)&%÷)&^ 

sf nflu gu/kflnsfcGtu{t 

gu/sf]6 If]qleqsf sfe|]rf]s, 

Eo"6fj/ rf]s / sflQs] If]qdf 

cfpg] ljb]zL ko{6s;Fu k|j]z 

z'Ns p7fpg] 7]Ssf cfXjfg 

u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;"rgfdf af]nkq 

:jLs[t ePsf kmd{ jf sDkgLn] 

;fs{ /fi6«afx]ssf ljb]zL 

ko{6s;Fu k|lt ? #)) / ;fs{ 

/fi6«leqsf ? @)) -s/ afx]s_ 

k|lt ko{6s k|j]z ;]jf z'Ns 

p7fpg kfpg] 5g\ . rfFu'gf/fo0f 

gu/kflnsfn] 7]Ssf lbPsf] 

7]s]bf/n] klg ;f]xL b/df z'Ns 

p7fO/x]sf 5g\ . 

sfe|]sf] d08g 

b]pk'/ gu/kflnsfsf gu/k|d'v 

6f]saxfb'/ jfOafn] e"uf]nsf] 

lx;fan] gu/sf]6 cfpg] *) 

k|ltzt ko{6s sfe|] d08g b]pk'/ 

k|j]z ug]{ atfpFb} gu/sf]6df 

a;kfs{ lgdf{0f, ;fj{hlgs 

zf}rfno lgdf{0f / cGo k"jf{wf/ 

ljsf;sf nflu b'j} gu/kflnsfn] 

nufgL ug{eGbf rfFu'gf/fo0fn] 

gdfg]sf] atfP . pgn] eg], 

æut jif{ b'j} gu/kflnsfsf] 

PsLs[t s/ p7fpg]eGbf PSn} 

z'Ns p7fP, o; jif{ klg 5nkmn 

ug{ vf]Hbf rfFu'gf/fo0fn] PSn} 

7]Ssf nufof], To;kl5 xf]6n 

Joj;foL s} ;Nnfxdf xfdLn] 

klg 7]Ssf nufof}F .Æ d08g 

b]pk'/ gu/kflnsfn] eg] ? Ps 

s/f]8 #) nfvdf 7]Ssf nufPsf] 

pgn] hfgsf/L lbP . 

tTsfnLg afn'jfkf6L 

b]pk'/ uflj; cWoIf Pj+ ko{6g 

Joj;foL /fwfs[i0f a:tfsf]6Ln] 

bf]xf]/f] s/ nufpFbf gu/sf]6sf] 

eljio g} cGof]n x'g] atfpFb} b'j} 

gu/kflnsfaLr ;dGjo u/]/ 

PsLs[t s/ nufP/ gu/sf]6sf] 

ef}lts ljsf;sf] nflu nufgL 

ug'{kg]{ atfP . gu/sf]6 gfNb'd 

ko{6g ljsf; ;ldltsf 

;lrj wgaxfb'/ nfdfn] 

gu/sf]6 hfg] d'Vo ;8ssf 

?kdf /x]sf] sdnljgfos 

gu/sf]6 ;8ssf] cj:yf 

lgs} si6s/ /x]sf] atfpFb} 

bf]xf]/f] ko{6g z'Nsn] ko{6g 

Joj;foLnfO{ df/ kfg]{ 

atfP . oxfFsf Joj;foLn] 

/fHonfO{ s/ lt/]kl5 ;'ljwf 

gkfPsf] u'gf;f] ub}{ pgn] 

gu/sf]6df kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg 

;d]t r'gf}tL aGb} uPsf] 

cj:yfdf ;"of]{bo, ;"of{c:t 

/ lxdfn x]g{ dfq cfpg] 

ko{6ssf] a;fO{ nDAofpg] 

/ ljsf; ug]{ dfldnfdf 

b'j} gu/kflnsf df}g /x]sf] 

atfP . 

@)&% c;f]h !^ ut], d+unaf/ 


cd]l/sf, d]lS;sf] / Sofg8faLr Jofkf/df ;xdlt 

jfl;ª\6g -PPkmkL_–Sofg8f 

/ ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfsf Jofkf/ 

dWo:ystf{aLr ax'rlr{t 

pQ/ cd]l/sL :jtGq Jofkf/ 

;Demf}tf -gfˆ6f_df cfjZos 

kl/dfh{g;lxt k|lt:yfkg ug{ 

;xdlt ePsf] 5 . b'a} b]zsf 

;/sf/sf tkm{af6 hf/L lj1lKtdf 

ca gofF ;Demf}tfsf] gfd 

;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sf–d]lS;sf]– 

Sofg8f ;Demf}tf -o'P;Pd;LP_ 

x'g]5 . cd]l/sL /fi6«klt 8f]gfN8 

6«Dkn] sl/a @% jif{cl3 ;DkGg 

gfˆ6f ;Demf}tf /2 ug]{ k6sk6s 

r]tfjgL lbFb} cfPsf lyP . 

xfn k|lt:yflkt ;Demf}tfaf6 

a9L :jtGq ahf/nfO{ a9fjf 

lbg], :jR5 Jofkf/ x'g] tyf 

If]qd} alnof] cfly{s j[l4 x'g] 

;+o'Qm jQmJodf ck]Iff ul/Psf] 

5 . pQm ;+o'Qm jQmJo cd]l/sL 

Jofkf/ k|ltlglw /f]a6{ nfO6Lh/ 

/ Sofg8fsf ljb]zdGqL lqml:6of 

k|mLNofG8n] hf/L u/]sf x'g\ . Ps 

jif{eGbf a9L ;dob]lv rn]sf] 

jftf{ tyf 5 ;ftfb]lvsf] lta| 

5nkmn kZrft cd]l/sf / 

Sofg8faLrsf] cfk;L dtfGt/ 

;'Nemfpg ;xdlt ePsf] xf] . 

of] gofF ;Demf}tfaf6 o; If]qdf 

a;f]af; ug]{ sl/a %) s/f]8 

hgtfnfO{ kmfObf k'Ug] tyf 

k|ltjif{ sl/a !) va{ cd]l/sL 

8n/sf] Jofkf/ x'g]5 . 

Sofg8fn] cfˆgf] b"UwhGo 

ahf/ cd]l/sfsf nflu yk 

v'nf ug]{5, t/ Sofg8fn] 

dfu ul//x]sf] ljjfb lg?k0f 

k|fjwfgnfO{ cd]l/sfn] 

kl/jt{g ug]{ 5}g . of] ;xdlt;Fu} 

d]lS;sf]sf /fi6«klt Pg|Ls 

kLgf gL6f]sf] sfo{sfn cfufdL 

l8;]Da/ ! tfl/vdf ;lsg' cufa} 

;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ x'g] jftfj/0f 

tof/ ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sL 

sfg'g d'tflas of] ;Demf}tfsf] 

sfuhftdf x:tfIf/ x'g' ^) lbg 

cl3 cd]l/sL sË|];df k|:t't 

ug{'kb{5 . ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sf 

/ d]lS;sf]aLr gfˆ6fnfO{ gofF 

:j?kdf cufl8 a9fpg] ljifodf 

ut cu:6d} ;xdlt eO;s]sf] 

5 . To;otf Sofg8fsf Jofkf/ 

dWo:ystf{ nuftf/ cd]l/sfsf] 

jfl;ª\6gdf /x]/ ljjflbt 

ljifodf 5nkmn ul//x]sf 5g\ . 

6«Dkn] Sofgf8fnL 

clwsf/Lsf] Jojxf/sf 

af/]df lg/Gt/ c;Gtf]if k|s6 

ul//x]sf 5g\, / kl5Nnf]k6s 

Sofg8fsf k|wfgdGqL hl:6g 

6«'8f];Fu e]6\g ;d]t /fi6«klt 

6«Dkn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf lyP . 

t/ Sofg8fsf clwsf/Ln] b'O{ 

g]tfaLr e]63f6sf] s'g} 

sfo{qmd g} g/x]sf] eGb} 

arfpdf jQmJo lbPsf 

lyP . cd]l/sL k|zf;gsf 

Ps pRr clwsf/Ln] kl5Nnf] 

k'gn]{vg cToGt ;sf/fTds 

/x]sf] atfpFb} of] ;Demf}tf 

;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sf, d]lS;sf] 

/ Sofg8f tLg} b]zsf nflu 

lht ePsf] hfgsf/L lbP . 

of]gofF;Demf}tfdf sfdbf/sf] 

kIfdf alnof] ;+/If0f /x]sf], 

jftfj/0fLo lgod s8f agfOPsf], 

tyf l8hL6n cy{tGqnfO{ klg 

o;k6s ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . 

;fy}, af}l4s ;DklQsf] ;+/If0fdf 

alnof] cfwf/ tof/ kfl/Psf] 

5 . o;afx]s, Jofkf/ sfg'gsf] 

sfof{Gjogdf abdf;L ug{ 

gkfOg] k|fjwfg /flvPsf] tyf 

8\o"6L–k|mL ahf/sf] kmfObf 

lngaf6 c? d'n'snfO{ lgoGq0f 

ug]{ k|of; o;k6s ul/Psf] 5, 

cd]l/sL clwsf/Lsf] egfO 

5 . gofF ;Demf}tfn] sf/dfly 

nufOg] elgPsf] @% k|ltzt 

s/ d]lS;sf] / Sofg8fsf 

xsdf nfu" gx'g] Joj:yf 

u/]sf] 5, t/ :6Ln / 

cfn'ldlgoddf j[l4 ul/Psf] 

s/sf ljifodf eg] cnUu} 

jftf{ x'g] atfOPsf] 5 . 

;ldlt / ko{6g dhb"/aLr rf/ a'“b] ;xdlt 

sf:sL -h;_–cGgk"0f{ 

tyf dgf:n' kbdfu{ If]qsf 

;d:ofnfO{ lnP/ cfGbf]ng 

3f]if0ff u/]sf ko{6g dhb"/ / 

;/f]sf/jfnfaLr cfOtaf/ rf/ 

aF'b] ;xdlt ePsf] 5 . kbofqfdf 

hfg] g]kfnL kyk|b{zs / 

dhb"/nfO{ sf:sLsf] 6f8fkfgL 

If]qdf ko{6g Joj:yfkg ;ldlt 

tyf ko{6g Joj;foLn] c;f]h 

! ut]b]lv k|j]zåf/df g} b'O{b]lv 

;ft lbg;Ddsf] vfgfsf] clu|d 

k};f lt/]/ s'kg lng'kg]{ afWosf/L 

Joj:yf u/]kl5 To;nfO{ lkmtf{ 

lng dhb"/n] dfu u/]sf lyP . 

dhb"/n] c;f]h !% ;Ddsf] 

;do;Ldf lbP/ cfˆgf dfu 

k"/f geP To;nuQ} kbofqfdf 

sf]xL klg dhb"/ ghfg] / 

6fgnufot ko{6g;Fu ;DalGwt 

;ª\3;+:yfdf tfnfaGbL 

ug]{ sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . 

g]kfnsf] ko{6gsf] d'Vo l;hg 

z'? x'g} nfUbf kbofqf ko{6g 

dhb"/ cfGbf]ngdf plqPkl5 

;du| ko{6g If]qdf gsf/fTds 

;Gb]z km}ng] cfzª\sf ;j{kIfLo 

;xdltn] cGTo u/]sf] 5 . 

dhb"/sf] clN6d]6dsf] 

cl3Nnf] lbg u08sL k|b]zsf] 

pBf]u, ko{6g jg tyf jftfj/0f 

dGqfno, 6f8fkfgL ko{6g 

Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, 6fg 

klZrdf~rn If]qLo ;ldlt, 

ko{6g dhb"/ ;ª\u7g, 

cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]q cfof]hgf, 

ko{6g k|x/L / 6f8fkfgL xf]6n 

Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf aLrdf 

;j{kIfLo 5nkmn eO{ rf/ a'Fb] 

;xdlt ePkl5 dhb"/sf] 3f]lift 

cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmd df3;Ddsf] 

nflu :ylut u/]sf] o'lg6«fe 

u08sLsf cWoIf ljho s];Ln] 

hfgsf/L lbP . 

;Demf}tfdf xfn 6f8fkfgL 

ko{6g Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] 

dhb"/sf] vfgfafktsf] /sd 

clu|d p7fpFb} cfPsf]df c;f]h @# 

ut]af6 vfgfsf] /sd ;DalGwt 

xf]6n tyf nhsf] sfpG6/df 

;f]xL 5fssf] vfgfsf] dfq /sd 

a'emfpg] pNn]v 5 . To:t} 

cGgk"0f{ ;ls{6 kbofqf If]qdf 

b]lvPsf] ;d:ofsf ;DaGwdf 

cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]q cfof]hgfsf] 

dWo:ttfdf oyfzL3| k|of; u/L 

df3 d;fGtleq ;dfwfg ug]{, 

cGgk"0f{ / dgf:n' If]qdf b]lvPsf 

;d:of ko{6g dGqfnosf] kxndf 

;dfwfg ug]{, o'lg6«fe u08sL 

k|b]z / clvn g]kfn ko{6g 

dhb"/ ;ª\3n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf ;a} 

vfnsf] cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmd 

lkmtf{ lng] / ;'/lIft, dof{lbt / 

lbuf] ko{6gdf ;+o'Qm?kdf sfd 

ub}{ a9LeGbf a9L ko{6snfO{ 

of] If]qdf e|d0fsf] nflu :jfut 

ug]{ ;Demf}tf ePsf] 6fg kf]v/fsf 

cWoIf xl/ e'h]nn] atfP . 

dhb"/n] /f]h]sf] vfgf gkfPsf] 

/ k|j]zåf/df g} clgjfo{?kdf 

s'kg lng afWo kf/]/ Psflwsf/ 

nfFlbPsf] / vfg] ?rL geP klg 

k};f ltg' { kbf{ dhb"/ dsf{df k/]sfn] 

afWo eP/ cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff 

u/]sf] clvn g]kfn ko{6g dhb"/ 

;ª\3 sf:sLsf cWoIf wgaxfb'/ 

tfdfªn] atfP . kf]v/fdf s/La 

#)) kyk|b{zs tyf %)) b]lv 

&)) ;Dd ;xof]uL of] If]qdf sfd 

ub]{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . 

:j/f]huf/ sf]ifdfkm{t\ 5 s/f]8 !& nfv nufgL 

bdf}nL -h;_–tgx'Fdf o'jf 

tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ 

sf]ifdfkm{t ? 5 s/f]8 !& nfv 

%) xhf/ nufgL ePsf] 5 . rf/ 

jif{sf] cjlwdf o'jf tyf ;fgf 

Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]if lhNnf 

;+of]hg tyf cg'udg ;ldlt 

tgx'Fn] pQm /sd nufgL u/]sf] 

xf] . sf]ifn] !% j6f ;xsf/L 

;ª\3;+:yfdfkm{t\ cfly{s jif{ 

@)&@÷&# b]lv )&$÷)&% 

;Dd shf{ nufgL ub}{ cfPsf] 

dxTjk"0f{ 6]lnkmf]g gDa/x¿ 

;ldltsf ;b:o ;lrj j;Gt 

b/}n] atfP . lhNnfsf !% j6f 

;xsf/L ;ª\3;+:yfn] $@% nfO{ 

shf{ nufgL u/]sf] 5 . h;dWo] 

@!^ dlxnf / @)(( k'?if /x]sf] 

b/}n] hfgsf/L lbP . 

sf]ifdfkm{t\ /sd 

lnPsfn] ufO{kfng, Jofkf/, 

s'v'/fkfng, t/sf/L v]tLdf 

nufgL u/]sf 5g\ . sf]ifn] 

;xsf/LnfO{ kfFr k|ltzt 

Aofhb/df /sd pknAw 

u/fpg] / ;xsf/Ln] ;DalGwt 

JolQmnfO{ !) k|ltzt 

Aofhb/df C0f nufgL ug]{ 

u/]sf] 5 . /sd lng] JolQmn] 

lgoldt e'QmfgL u/] lt/]sf] 

Aofhsf] ^) k|ltzt Aofh lkmtf{ 

x'g] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . a]/f]huf/ 

o'jfnfO{ Jofj;foLs/0f u/L 

cfly{s ;d[l4 xfl;n ug]{ 

p2]Zosf ;fy ;/sf/n] b]ze/ 

sf]ifdfkm{t /sd nufgL 

ul//x]sf] 5 . 

:jf:Yo ;]jf 

• aL/ c:ktfn )!–$@@!(** 

• lq=la= lzIf0f c:ktfn, dxf/fhu+h, )!– $$!@&)& 

• kf6g c:ktfn )!– %%@@@&* 

• k|z'tL u[x, yfkfynL, )!– $@%#@)&& 

• dfgl;s c:ktfn )!– %%@!### 

• sf7df8f}+ df]8]n c:ktfn,afuahf/, )!–$@$)*)%÷)^ 

• sflGtafn c:ktfn, dxf/fhu+h )!–$$@&$%@ 

• /Qm;+rf/ s]Gb|, afns'df/L, )!–%!*^)^% 

• g]kfn cfFvf a}+s )!–$$(#^*$ 

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• cGt/fli6«o afn d}qL c:ktfn, dxf/fhu+h 

)!–$$!%$^! 

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• lr/fo' g]zgn x:kL6n, a;'Gw/f )!–$#*@#*@ 

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PDa'n]G; ;]jf 

• g]kfn PDa'n]G; ;]jf !)@ 

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• ;'d]? PDa'n]G; )!–%))##** 

• eQmk'/ /]8qm; )!–^^!@@^^ 

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• k|x/L sG6«f]n !)) 

• 6«flkms k|x/L !)# 

• cfs:dLs k|x/L ;]jf )!–$@@^((( 

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• j}b]lzs /f]huf/ laefu )!–$&*@$%$ 

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6f]n k|mL g+ !^^))!%)))%

@)&% c;f]h !^ ut], d+unaf/ 


Unf]an cfOPdO{ a}+s / kf6g 

KofyNofaaLr ;Demf}tf 

s f 7 d f 8 f } + - h ; _ – U n f ] a n 

cfOPdO{ a}+s ln= / kf6g 

KofyNofa k|f=lnlar ;Demf}tf 

ePsf] 5 . ;f]daf/ Nofan] 

k|bfgug]{ ljleGg ;]jf, :jf:Yo 

kl/If0f tyf ;'ljwfx?df lbOg] 

5'6;DaGwL ;Demf}tfkqdf 

x:tfIf/ ePsf] xf] . a}+sn] 

Nofa;Fu cfkm\gf u|fxsnfO{ 

:jb]zd} u'0f:t/Lo kl/If0fdf 

;x'lnot lbg] p2]Zon] 

b'O{kIfLo ;Demf}tf u/]sf] xf] . 

pQm ;Demf}tfkqdf kf6g 

KofyNofa k|f= ln= sf cIoIf 

/]zd e§/fO{ / Unf]an cfOPdO{ 

a}+ssf sf8{ laqmL tyf ahf/ 

Joj:yfkg ljefu k|d'v /ljGb| 

9sfnn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf x'g\ . 

a}+sn] cfkm\gf u|fxsx?nfO{ 

a}+lsË ;]jfsf] cltl/Qm cGo 

;'ljwfx? k|bfgug]{ p2]Zon] 

nfdf] ;dob]lv ljleGg ;+:yf;Fu 

;dGjo u/L o:tf ljleGg 

vfn] of]hgfx? NofO{/x]sf] 5 . 

pQm ;Demf}tfkZrft kf6g 

KofyNofadf kl/If0f u/fpFbf 

Unf]an cfOPdO{ a}+saf6 

8]la6, qm]l86, lk|len]h sf8{ 

lnPsf a}}+ssf u|fxs tyf 

sd{rf/Ln] Nofan] k|bfgug]{ 

ljleGg ;]jfdf #% k|ltzt 5'6 

kfpg]5g\ . 

a}+sn] ;a} If]q / ju{;Dd 

a}+lsË ;]jfsf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg] 

p2]Zon] !#@ zfvf, !#* 

Pl6Pd, % PS;6]G;g 

sfp06/, !% /fhZj ;+sng 

sfp06/,!)# zfvf /lxt 

a}+lsË ;]jf / b]z aflx/ # 

k|ltlglw ;Dk{s sfof{no 

dfkmt{ cfkm\gf ( nfveGbf 

al9 u|fxsx?dfem ;]jf k|bfg 

ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5. To:t} a}+sn] 

cTofw'lgs k|ljlwo''Qm efO{a/ 

a}+lsË ;]jf, df]afOn a}+ls+Ë 

;]jf , OG6/g]6 a}+ls+Ë ;]jfsf] 

;fydf ci6]«lnof, a]nfot 

/ ef/tdf k|ltlglw÷;Dk{s 

sfof{no :yfkgf u/]/ lt 

b]zdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?nfO{ 

;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . 

To;}ul/ a}+sn] dn]l;of, blIf0f 

sf]l/of, stf/, o'PO{, ax/fOg, 

hf]8{g, ci6]«lnof, a]nfot / 

ef/t nufotsf d'n'saf6 

/]ld6\ofG; ;]jf ;d]t k|bfg 

ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . 

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gof” ;]G6/ Go"/f]8 kfsf]df 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–u|fxsx?sf] 

nflu ;xh Pj+ ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ 

p2]Zo ;lxt, :df6{ 6]lnsdn] xfn} 

Go"/f]8sf] kfsf]df cfkm\gf] gofF 

:df6{ ;]G6/sf] :yfkgf u/]sf] 

5 . oxL ;f]daf/sf lbgb]lv 

sf7df8f}+sf] d'6' kfsf]df k|f/De 

ul/Psf] :df6{ ;]G6/af6 :df6{sf 

u|fxsx?n] :df6{sf ;Dk"0f{ 

;]jfx? k|fKt ug{ ;Sg'x'g] 5 . o; 

;'ljwf ;DkGg ;]G6/af6 cfkm\gf 

;]jf tyf pTkfbgx?sf] lj:t[t 

hfgsf/L ;xh} k|bfg ug{'sf 

;fy} u|fxsx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] a|f08 

PS:k]l/oG;sf] hLjGt cg'e"lt 

k|bfg ug]{ 5 . 

xfn} ;'ef/De ul/Psf] :d6{ 

;]G6/sf] ;d'¢f6g :df6{ 

6]lnsdsf k|d'v k|zf;g clws[t 

;lhg /fhe08f/Ln] ug{'ePsf] 

lyof] . sfo{qmdsf l;nl;nfdf 

/fhe08f/Ln] u|fxsx?nfO{ ;xh 

kxF'r Pj+ sDkgLsf] u'0f:t/Lo 

;]jf k|bfg ug{'g g} o; ;]G6/sf] 

k|d'v Wo]o /x]sf] s'/f pNn]v 

ug{' eof] . :df6{ 6]lnsdn] xfn} 

cfkm\gf] v';LnfO{ 8an ug{'xf];\ 

eGg] p2]Zo ;lxt …8an of]/ 

XoflKkg];Ú eGg] of]hgf k|:t't 

u/]sf] 5 . o; of]hgf cGtu{t 

u|fxsx?n] ? (( df :df6{sf] 

l;dsf8{ vl/b ubf{ csf]{ 

l;dsf8{ lgMz'Ns k|fKt ug{'x'g] 

5 / b'a} l;ddf ! lhla 8f6f 

klg pknAw 5 . 

o;sf ;fy}, :df6{n] cfsif{s 

b/df 8f6f Kofsx?, cGt/fl{\i6«o 

b'/;~rf/ ;]jf, Ejf]O; tyf 

P; Pd P; Kofsx? k|bfg ub}{ 

cfPsf] 5 . sDkgLn] sf7df8f}F 

tyf kf]v/fdf pTs[i6 kmf]h hL 

;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . 

ljleGg ;'neb/x?df u|fxsx?sf] 

cfjZostf cg';f/ ;fgfb]lv 

7"nf kmf]/ hL 8f6f Kofsx? klg 

k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . 

cfd g]kfnLx?dfem ;"rgf 

tyf ;~rf/sf] ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ 

p2]Zo ;lxt :df6{ 6]lnsdsf] 

:yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . g]kfnL 

gful/sx?nfO{ ;"rgf tyf 

;~rf/df ;xh Pj+ u'0f:t/Lo 

kx'Fr k'¥ofpg] o;sf] nIo /x]sf] 

5 . :df6{ 6]lnsd ! h'nfO{ 

@))* df :yfkgf eO{ g]kfnsf 

b'u{d If]qx?df ;]jf k|bfg 

ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;n] @)!# 

df PsLs[t Ohfht unified 

license k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . bIf 

Pj+ sd{7 sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;fyn] 

ubf{ b'/;~rf/sf] If]qdf :df6{ 

6]lnsd g]kfnsf] t];|f] 7"nf] 

sDkgLsf ?kdf :yflkt x'g 

;kmn ePsf] 5 . 

:df6{ 6]lnsn k|f=lnn] 

cfkm\gf] g]6js{nfO{ qmdzM g]kfn 

clw/fHoe/ lj:tf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 

5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf sDkgLn] 

cfkm\gf] kmf]h lh ;]jf sf7df8f}, 

nlntk'/, eQmk'/ tyf kf]v/fdf 

k|bfg ul/;s]sf] 5 . 

gof” l7dLdf ;LhL l8lh6nsf] zf]?d 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–eQmk'/sf] 

/fw] /fw]df ;LhL O{n]S6«f]lgS;n] 

cfkm\gf] gofF ;LhL l8lh6n 

dN6L a|f08 zf]?d ;~rfngdf 

NofPsf] 5 . o; sDkgLn] 

;LhLsf pTkfbg ;xh?kdf 

u|fxs ;dIf k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] 

;LhL l8lh6n dN6L a|f08 

zf]?ddf la:tf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . 

of] sDkgLsf] !@cf}+ zf]?d xf] 

pQm zf]?dsf] pb\3f6g rf}w/L 

u'|ksf k|aGw lgb]{zs lgef{g 

rf}w/Ln] u/]sf lyP . ;LhLsf 

pTkfbgdf u|fxsn] b]vfPsf] 

laZjf; / rfxgfsf sf/0fn] ubf{ 

sDkgLn] ;LhLsf cfp6n]6x?sf] 

la:tf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . 

cfOPdO{ lnld6]8 / PG6Ls km];g :6f]/jLr ;Demf}tf 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–sf7df8f}+ 

kfgLkf]v/Ll:yt s]G›Lo sfof{no 

/x]sf] cfOPdO{ lnld6]8 / ag]kfl:yt 

gfnf bf]af6f]df cjl:yt PG6Ls 

km];g :6f]/jLr ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . 

;Demf}tf cg';f/ cfOPdO{ lk|len]h 

sf8{ jfxs ;]jfu|fxLx¿n] PG6Ls 

km];g :6f]/af6 ;dfg vl/b ubf{ 

#) k|ltzt;Dd 5'6 k|fKt ug]{5g\ . 

of] ;'ljwf lngsf nflu cfOPdO{n] 

k|bfg u/]sf] cfOPdO{ lk|len]h sf8{ :6f]/sf] Sof; sfpG6/df 

b]vfpg'kg]{5 . ;Demf}tf kqdf cfOPdO{ lnld6]8sf tkm{af6 dfs]l{\6Ë 

tyf ;]N; clws[t cho yfkf / PG6Ls km];g :6f]/sf] tkm{af6 ahf/ 

tyf Jofkf/ k|j¢{g ljefu k|d'v ;+hLj k|hfkltn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf 

5g\ . of] ;Demf}tf olx ldlt @)&% ;fn c;f]h !) ut]b]lv Ps 

jif{;Ddsf nflu nfu' x'g]5 . 

Sofkm] skmL8]sf] t];|f] cfpm6n]6 b/af/dfu{df v'Nb} 

sf7df8f} +-h;_–Sofkm] skmL 8]n] g]kfnsf] b/af/dfu{df 

zfvf lj:tf/ ug] { ePsf] 5 . ci6«Lof, r]s l/klAns, 

dn]lzof, OlhK6 nufotsf b]zdfzfvf :yfkgf u/]sf] 

skmL8]n] g]kfndf klg cfkm\gf] zfvf lj:t/ ul//x]sf] 

5 . skmL8] Unf]an lnld6]8sf] :jfldTjdf cn O+l8of 

Sofkm] r]g, skmL 8] P+6/k|fOh lnld6]8sf] ;xfos / 

g]kfndf :TJo] xl:k6\ofln6Låf/f ;+rflnt Sofkm] skmL 

8] ef/tLo o'jfx?sf] ;d"xn] lj:tf/ u/]sf] xf]. l;l;8L 

gfdn] k|Voft Sofkm]skmL 8]n] cfkm\gf] skmLsf] pTkfbg cfkm\g} aufgsf] 

;|f]taf6 ub{5 . skmL 8]n] o'/f]k / hfkfg ;lxt ;Dk"0f{ o'/f]kdf klg o;sf] 

pkl:ylt hgfPsf] 5, h;n] ubf{ of] ef/tsf] zLif{ skmL lgof{tssf] ?kdf 

lrgfPsf] 5 . 

kmf]8{n] dgfof] æUnf]jn Sofl/ª dGyÆ 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–ljZje/ ;K6]Da/ dlxgfnfO{ kmf]8{ Unf]jn 

Sofl/ª dGysf] ?kdf dgfOFb} cfPsf] 5 / o; jif{ klg !# 

cf}F kmf]8{ Unf]jn Sol/ª dGy ljZje/ dgfOPsf] 5 . o;df 

ljZje/ kmf]8{df sfd ug]{ xhf/f}F sd{rf/L, e"tk'j{ sd{rf/L / 

;j{;fwf/0f h;nfO{ …kmf]8{ :joF;]js sf]K;{Ú klg elgG5, cfd 

hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ psf:g] p2]Zon] ljleGg ;fdflhs sfo{x?df 

Joltt u/L dgfOPsf] 5 . g]kfndf klg ;K6]Dj/ @* / @( sf 

lbg /fp08 6]an g]kfnsf] ;xsfo{df lh=cf]= kmf]8{ g]kfnsf #) 

hgf :jo+;]jsn] g'jfsf]6sf] u|fld0f e]u, /ftdf6]df /x]sf] lznf 

b]jL :s'ndf cfwf/e't :jf:Yo ;DjlGw hfgsf/Lsf ;fy} ( j6f 

zf}rfno agfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . 

;fy} ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cfwf/e't :jf:Yo lzIff ;DjlGw hfgsf/L 

lbg] b]lv xft w'g] tl/sf jfnjflnsfx?sf] nflu syf jfrg, :jf:Yo 

;DjlGw ;/;fdfgx?sf] x:tfgt/0f /x]sf] lyof] . o;af6 #%) 

ljBfyL{ / @)) eGbf al9 kl/jf/df k|ToIf c;/ k'Ug] 5 . lznf 

b]jL :s'n /ftdf6]df /x]sf b'O{ :s'n dWo] Ps xf], h'g @)&@ ;fnsf] 

e'sDkdf elTsPsf] lyof] . /fp08 6]jn g]kfnn] pQm :s'n dd{t 

;+ef/ u/]sf] lyof] / yk h?/t /x]sf zf}rfnox? kmf]8{ g]kfnsf] 

;xsfo{df lgdf{0f tyf x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . kmf]8{ df]6/ sDkgLn] 

ljZje/ /rfgfTds ;fdflhs sfo{x?df xft a9fpb} cfPsf] 5 . / 

o; aif{ Unf]an s]ol/Ë dGy cGt{ut ;fdflhs cleofgsf] nflu kmf]8{ 

df]6/ sDkgLn] & nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] 5 . 

lh=cf]= kmf]/{\8sf Dofg]lhË 8fO/]S6/ cfsfz uf]N5fn] kmf]8{n] cfof]hgf 

u/]sf] …kmf]8{ Unf]jn Sol/ª dGyÚ sfo{qmddf kmf]8{sf sd{rf/L / 

:yfgLo ;xeflutf ;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf ljleGg ;fdflhs sfo{ ug{ 

kfPsf]df k|;Ggtf JoQm u/] . 

kmf]8{ ef]lnlG6o;{x?sf nflu kmf]8{ Unf]an s]ol/Ë dGy Pp6f aflif{s 

pT;jsf] ?kdf lnOG5 . kmf]8{ df]6/ sDkgLsf cWoIf lhd e]nfsf 

cg';f/ ;]K6]Da/ dlxgfe/ ^ dxfb]zdf 5l/P/ /x]sf #) xhf/ eGbf a9L 

ef]lnlG6o/n] ^)) eGbf a9L :jo+;]jL cfof]hgfdf ;lqmo ;xeflutf 

hgfPsf 5g\ . of] :jo+;]jL cleofg g]kfnsf cltl/Qm Pl;of Kofl;lkms 

If]qsf ef]lnlG6o/x?n] rLg, ef/t, tfO{jfg, ci6« ]lnof, Go'lhNof08, 

yfONof08, leotgfd, lkmlnlkG; nufot kmf]8{sf] ljqmL If]qx?sf 

d'n'sx?df klg ljleGg cfof]hgfdf ;lqmotf k"j{s ;xeflutf hgfpg] 

5g\ . @))% b]lv z'? ePsf] kmf]8{ ef]lnlG6o/ sf]K;{sf] ;b:ox?n] %) 

b]zx?df bz nfv 306f eGbf a9L ;do ;fd'bflos ;]jfdf of]ubfg 

k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . h'g kmf]8{n] ;fd'bflos ;]jfsf nflu #) ldlnog 8n/ 

eGbf a9Lsf] nufgL u/]sf] 5 . 

sn;{sf] ær§ Sof; k§ nsÆ of]hgf 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–sn;{ cKnfPG;n] cfpFb} u/]sf] bz}F ltxf/sf] cj;/df … 

r§ Sof; k§ ns8sf] u|fxsof]hgf 

3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . of] of]hgfdfsn;{ 

xf]d cKnfPG;]sf] v/Lbdf !$ xhf/ 

() ;Ddsf] gublkmtf{ tyf Ps hgfn] 

aDk/ nSsL 8« df %%OGrsf] $s] 

:df6{ l6eL lhTg] df}sf kfpFg]5g\ . of] 

of]hgf oxL c;f]h !% b]lv l;ldt 

cjlwsf nflu sn;{sf g]kfn e/Lsf 

;a} k|d'v :6f];{x?df pknAw x'g]5 . 

sn;{sf pTkfbg h:t} /]lk|mh]/]6/, 

PnO8L l6=eL=, r]i6lk|mh/ ,ck/fO6 

zf]s];, jfl;Ë d]lzgnufot ;fdfg tyf cGo y'k| } ;fdfgx? ahf/df 

pknAw 5g\ h'g :df6{ 3/sf] nflu pkof]uL x'g]5 . 

sf=lh=k|=sf=b=g+= @*)÷)^$÷)^% 

d=If]=x'=lg=b=g+= )#÷)&)÷&! 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–df]6/;fOsn 

a|fG8dWo] Ps ofdfxfn] cfkm\gf 

u|fxsx?sf nflu ;ftfJofkL … 

PS;r]Gh PG8 cku|]8Ú 

cleofg ;'? u/]sf] 5 . of] 

cleofgcGtu{t ofdfxf a|fG8sf] 

df]6/;fOsn jf :s'6/;Fu s'g} 

klg a|fG8sf] k'/fgf] df]6/;fOsn 

/ :s'6/ PS;r]Gh ubf{ ;jf]{Ts[i6 

d"Nof+sg kfOg]5 . ofdfxfsf] 

of] u|fxs–s]lG›t cleofg 

g]kfne/sf ofdfxf ;f]?dx?df 

!$ c;f]hb]lv !( c;f]h;Dd 

;+rfng x'g]5 . 

…clxn]sf] ;do k'/fgf 

df]6/;fOsn jf :s'6/ ;f6]/ 

k|fljlws ?kdf cTofw'lgs 

ofdfxfdf cku|]8 x'g] ;a}eGbf 

pQd ;do xf],Ú PdP8An' 

OG6/k|fOh]h, 6'–lXjn/ 

l8lehgsf ;LOcf] lr/~hLjL 

æofdfxf PS;r]Gh PG8 

cku|]8Æ cleofg ;'? 

zfxn] eg], …of] cjlwdf 

u|fxsn] h'g;'s} a|fG8sf 

k'/fgf] df]6/;fOsnsf] ;a}eGbf 

pRrtd d"Nof+sg kfpg]5g\ . 

;fy}, h'g;'s} a|fG8sf h:tf];'s} 

cj:yfsf df]6/;fOsnsf] 

sDtLdf #) xhf/ ?k}ofF 

d"Nof+sg kfpg]5g\ .Ú 

ofdfxfn] b;}+ / ltxf/nfO{ 

nlIft u/L …ljho ofqfÚ gfdsf] 

of]hgf NofPsf] lyof] h;df 

ofdfxf a|fG8sf df]6/;fOsn 

/ :s'6/ vl/b ug]{ u|fxsn] 

sDtLdf ;ft xhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv 

Ps nfv ?k}ofF;Dd gub 5'6 

kfpg]5g\ . To;}u/L, x/]s 

xKtf x'g] nsL 8«df Ps hgfn] 

a|fG8 Go' ofdfxf cf/# lhTg 

;Sg]5g\ . b];}+s} cj;/df 

ofdfxfn] x/]s df]6/;fOsn jf 

:s'6/sf] 6]:6 /fO8df ;k|f{O; 

lukm\6 k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 eg] 

ofdfxf :s'6/ jf ;n'6f] afOs 

@) k|ltzt 8fpg k]d]G6df 

;d]t pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 

5 . ofdfxfsf df]6/;fOsn / 

:s'6/x? Kof6]G6]8 …An' sf]/Ú 

k|ljlw /x]sf] OlGhg 5g\ . 

ofdfxfsf] cf/ / PkmhL l;l/hdf 

cTofw'lgs km\o'n OGh]S;g 

-PkmcfO{_ k|ljlw h8fg ul/Psf] 

5 h;n] kkm{d]G; a9fpg'sf 

;fy} OGwg vkt 36fpF5 / 

o;}n] ubf{ ofdfxfsf afOsx?df 

dfOn]h a9L kfOG5 . 

rf}w/L u'|ksf] xf]6ndf tfh u'|k 

sf7df8f} +-h;_–rf}w/L u' |ksf] 

d'Vo nufgLdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 

nlntk'/sf] emlD;v]nl:yt rf/ 

tf/] l8nS; xf]6nsf] Joj:yfkg 

cGt/fl{ \i6«o VoftL k|fKt tfh 

u' |kn] ;DxfNg] ePsf] 5 . ;LhL 

xl:k6fln6Lsf sfo{sf/L lgb] {zs 

/fx'n rf}w/L / b OlG8og 

xf]6N; sDkgL lnld6]8sf k|jGw 

lgb] {zs Pj+ sfo{sf/L clws[t 

k'lgt r6jfnaLr o; ;DjGwL 

;+emf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ePkl5 pQm 

xf]6n …leefGtf sf7df8f} +Úsf 

gfddf ;~rfngdf cfpg] ePsf] 

xf] . 

xl:k6fln6L pBf]udf ljZje/ 

k|Voft tfhnfO{ rf}w/L u' |kn] 8]9 

bzskl5 sf7df8f} + leqofPsf] 

xf] . tfhsf] cfudgn] g]kfnsf] 

ko{6g pBf]udf pT;fx yKg] Pj+ 

ko{6sn] pRr u'0f:t/sf] ;]jf 

kfpg] jftfj/0f tof/ ePsf] 

sDkgLsf] bfjL 5 . o;cl3 

tfhn] rf}w/L u' |k cGtu{ts} 

ljVoft h+un ;kmf/L l/;f]6{ 

d]3f}nL ;]/fO{sf] Joj:yfkg 

klg ;Dxfln/x]sf] 5 . …g]kfnsf] 

xl:k6fln6L If]qdf ca xfdL 

;zQm ¿kdf pkl:yt ePsf 

5f} F . tfh h:tf] ljVoft a|f08df 

xf]6n ;+rfngdf Nofpg 

kfPsf]df xfdL cToGt} v';L 5f} FÚ, 

u' |ksf sfo{sf/L lgb] {zs /fx'n 

rf}w/Ln] eg], …xfdL g]kfnsf] 

ko{6gnfO{ csf] { txdf k'of{pg 

k|ltj4 5f} F . /, ;f] +xL ;f] +rdf 

cfwfl/t /x]/ xfdLn] xfd|f xf]6n 

Pj+ l/;f]6{x¿sf] lgdf{0f ul//x]sf 

5f} F .Ú 

xf]6n oxL gf]e]Dj/df pb\3¢f6g 

ug] { nIo /x]sf] klg atfOPsf] 

5 . ;'O6 ;lxt Ps ;o !! ¿d 

/x]sf] xf]6ndf xfn ;hfj6sf 

sfdx¿ eO{/x]sf] 5 . OlG8og 

xf]6N; sDkgL lnld6]8sf 

dxfk|aGws Pj+ sfo{sf/L clws[t 

k'lgt r6jfnn] eg], …g]kfndf 

rf}w/L u' |kåf/f k|jlw{t cf/ P08 

cf/ xf]6N; P08 l/;f]6{;Fu gofF 

xf]6]ndf ;fem]bf/L aGg kfpg' 

uf}/jsf] ePsf] 

/ ko{6sLo 

b [ l i 6 s f ] 0 f n ] 

s f 7 d f 8 f } 

k|Voft :yfg 

xf] .Ú xf]6nsf] 

!) cf}F tnfdf 

… O l G k m l g 6 L 

l:jldª k'nÚ 

lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 

5 . h'g g]kfnsf 

nflu ;+ejtM 

gofF cg'ej 

;fljt x'g]5 . 

To;}ul/ xf]6ndf 

@% b]vL #% aif{ 

pd]/ ;d'xsf 

o'jfx¿nfO{ nlIft ul/ ?km 6k 

af/sf] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 

hxfF l8h]sf] k|:t'lt;Fu} ljZjdf 

pknAw ;a} k|sf/sf dlb/fx¿ 

pknAw x'g]5g\ . 

;'ljwf ;DkGg nla, Sofkm], 

8fO{lgª nfpGhsf] ;'ljwf pknAw 

x'g]5 . kfls{Íf nflu a];d]G6 

kfls{ªsf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . 

zf/Ll/s Aofofdsf nflu lkm6g]; 

Sna pknAw x'g]5 . Aoj;flos 

k|of]hgsf nflu 5'§} lahg]; 

;]G6/sf] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 

5 . ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe'ltsf] nflu 

l;l;l6le Pj+ cGo ;'/Iff tyf 

dfgjLo ;Dj]bglzntfnfO{ 

Wofgdf /flv cnfd, kmfo/ 

PS;l6Ë\o'/ tyf jf6/ l:k|GsN; 

cflb ;]jf pknAw /xg]5g\ . 

xf]6]nd} ;fpgf, ;}n'g / :kfsf] 

Aoj:yf ldnfOg] sDkgLn] 

atfPsf] 5 . 

rf}w/L 

u' |k / tfhaLrsf] 

;fem]bf/Ldf >Ln+sf, dflNbE;, 

yfO{n}08, b'jO{ / ef/tdf ljVoft 

xf]6n Pj+ l/;f]6{x¿ ;+rfngdf 

5g\ . cf/ P08 cf/ xf]6N; 

P08 l/;f]6{ g]kfnsf] xl:k6flnl6 

If]qnfO{ gofF prfO{ lbg] 

clek|fon] ;LhL xl:k6flnl6sf] 

d'Vo nufgLdf :yfkgf ePsf] 

sDkgL xf] . ;LhL xl:k6flnl6 

cGtu{t !@ b]zsf &) :yfgdf 

(% eGbf al9 xf]6]n, l/;f]6{, nh 

/ :kf ;~rfngdf 5g . xfn 

;LhL u' |ksf] dftxtdf ;~rflnt 

xf]6]nx?sf] ?d Ifdtf %& ;o 

/x]sf] 5 . xl:k6flnl6 If]qdf 

kl/lrt tfh kl/is[t 7'nf xf]6]n 

tyf l/;f]6{sf] :jfldTj ePsf] 

leefGt / ah]6 xf]6]nsf] ?kdf 

kl/lrt hLGh/ a|fG8 /x]sf 5g . 

6f6f u' |ksf ;+:yfks hdz]bhL 

6f6fn] ;g !()# aDaO{df 

:yfkgf u/]sf] b tfh dxn 

Kofn]z o; sDkgLsf] klxnf] 

xf]6]n xf] . xfn o; sDkgL 

cGtu{t !&) xf]6]n ljZjsf] $ 

dxfb]z, !@ b]z / *) :yfgdf 

;~rflnt 5g . To:t} @% xf]6]n 

lgdf0f{sf] r/0fdf 5g . 

;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ j}b]lzs 

/f]huf/Lsf] nflu xfdL sxfF l;wf} 

;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf, xfdL tkfO{sf] Ifdtf 

cg';f/sf] /f]huf/Ldf k7fpg] 5f}+ . 

Kof/f8fO{h OG6/g]zgn k|f=ln= 

av'N8f]n, nlntk'/, kmf]g M %%#$)$@, %%@@)^#, %%##$#% 

E-mail : pparadise@wilnk.com.np, 

Website : www.paradisemanpower.com 

hg;jfn klAns]zg k|f=ln=åf/f k|sflzt, sfof{noM b/af/dfu{, sf7df8f}+, kmf]g÷k\mofS;M )!–$@^%^(&÷$@@!*$(, d'b|sM PS;k|]; sn/ k|]; k|f=ln=, E-mail: janasawalnews@gmail.com, cWoIf÷;DkfbsM /fdhL aufn]

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