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jif{ !!, c+s !$$, @)&% d+l;/ !# ut] laxLaf/ -g]kfn ;+jt !!#(_ (Thursday 29, November 2018) 

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a'waf/ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] xf] . 

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k'hf l;+xn] aNv'sf] /f]on u]i6 

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b'O{ dlxnfsf] d[To' 

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jifL{of lt;{gfsfnL kf}8]n / #% 

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5 . zjsf] kf]:6df6{dsf nflu 

e/tk'/ nluPsf] lhNnf k|x/L 

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sf7df8f}+ -h;_– 

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at{dfg /fi6«fWoIf÷;/sf/ 

k|d'vx¿;lxt Plzof Kofl;lkms 

;Dd]ng cfof]hgf x'Fb}5 . !%)) 

hgf ;xefuL x'g] ;Dd]ng 

d+l;/ !% b]lv !& ut];Dd 

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lgjf; afn'jf6f/df a'waf/ 

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gfdfjnL eg] laxLaf/ ;fj{hlgs 

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5 . cfufdL csf{] a}7sdf s]Gb|Lo 

;ldltsf ;b:osf] sfo{ljefhg, 

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lhNnf ;ldltsf d'Vo g]t[Tjsf] 

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k|jQmf >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbP . 

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tyf k"j{/fi6«fWoIf / ;/sf/ 

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wd{sf wfld{s cu'jfx¿, dlxnf 

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dfwjs'df/ g]kfnsf cg';f/ & 

hgf /fi6«÷;/sf/ k|d'v tyf 

pkk|d'vx¿, % hgf k|yd dlxnf 

,!) hgf k"j{ /fi6«÷;/sf/ 

k|d'vx¿, ! hgf jt{dfg 

pkk|wfgdGqL, & hgf dGqL, 

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tyf pk;efd'vx¿ ;Dd] 

ngdf ;xefuL x'g]5g\ . 

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5g\ . pgnfO{ a'waf/ /ftL lqe'jg 

cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg :yndf pkk| 

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!^ ut] kms{g]l5g\ . 

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;ld6sf nflu sf7df8f}+ 

pkTosfdf 6«flkms k|x/Ln] $ 

lbg ;jf/L ;fwgdf hf]/ lahf]/ 

k|0ffnL nfu' u/]sf] 5 . tLg 

b]zsf /fi6«klt;lxt $% b]zsf 

%^& hgf kfx'gf cfpg] ePkl5 

pgLx¿sf] cfjthfjtnfO{ ;xh 

agfpg 6«flkms k|x/Ln] gful/ssf 

;jf/Ldf hf]/lahf]/ k|0ffnL 

nfu' u/]sf] xf] . 7"nf] ;+Vofdf 

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hfd gxf];\ eg]/ hf]/ lahf]/ 

gDa/sf 8 af“sL k[i7 @ df 

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k|wfgdGqL x'g ;]g / Dofgdf/sL 

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laxLaf/ cfÎg} ljdfgdf .g]kfn 

cfpFb}5g\ . ;'sLn] /fi6«klt, 

k|wfgdGqLnfO{ e]6\g] sfo{qmd 5 . 

;]gn] k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nL 

/ k//fi6« dGqL k|bLk 1jfnLnfO{ 

e]6\g] sfo{qmd 5 . oL b'a} hgfsf] 

e|d0fsf ;/sf/n] ;b\efjgf 

e|d0f eg]sf] 5 .8 af“sL k[i7 @ df 

k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf nflu 

sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL :jLs[t 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–;/sf/n] 

k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf nflu %* 

xhf/ @ ;o ^@ hgf sd{rf/Lsf] 

b/aGbL :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 . ;+3Lo 

dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g 

dGqfnosf ;lrj lbg]zs'df/ 

yklnofn] k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf 

nflu %* xhf/ @ ;o ^@ hgf 

sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL l:js[t 

ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbPsf x'g\ . 

g'jfsf]6 -h;_–g]kfnL 

sfË|];sf lhNnf ;efkltsf] b'O{ 

lbg] e]nf a'waf/af6 ssgLdf 

z'? ePsf] 5 . k|:tfljt 

ljwfg d:of}bfdfly 5nkmn 

ug{ sfË|];sf lhNnf ;efklt 

g'jfsf]6sf] ssgLdf e]nf ePsf 

x'g\ . dxfdGqL k"0f{axfb'/ v8\ 

sfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf /x]sf] ljwfg 

tl:j/ M h]g >]i7 

a'waf/ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] 

/fHo Joj:yf tyf ;'zf;g 

;ldltsf] a}7sdf pgn] ljBdfg 

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ssgLdf sfFu|]|]; lhNnf ;efkltx?sf] e]nf 

d:of}bf ;ldltn] s]GÎLo ;ldltdf 

ut cfOtaf/ a'emfPsf] ljwfg 

d:of}bfdfly 5nkmn ug{ e]nf 

cfof]hgf ul/Psf] g]kfnL sfË|]; 

g'jfsf]6sf ;efklt hulbZj/ 

g/l;+x s];Ln] hfgsf/L lbP . 

lhNnf ;efklts} kxndf ePsf] 

of] e]nfdf sfË|];sf sf]xL klg 

s]GÎLo g]tf ;xefuL gePsf] 

lhNnf ;efklt s];Ln] atfP . 

…ljwfgdfly 5nkmn ug{ ljz'4 

;efkltsf] dfq e]nf xf] . oxfF 

s]GÎLo g]tf sf]xL cfpg'x'Gg .Ú, 

pgn] eg] . ;efkltx?sf] e]nfdf 

kf6L{sf] ljwfgaf/] cfPsf ;'emfj 

/ ljjfbsf ljifodf ;xdlt vf]Hg 

!& ;b:oLo ;ldlt u7g u/]sf 

5g\ . e]nfn] 8 af“sL k[i7 @ df 

/f]on Sofl;gf]sf] vl/bljqmL g} cj}wflgs 

/fHonfO{ !% s/f]8 s/ 5nL 

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s f 7 d f 8 f } + - h ; _ – 

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g} cj}wflgs /x]sf] /x:o v'n]sf] 

5 . xf]6n ofs P08 otL / 

luN6 O{Ge]i6d]G6 k|flnaLr /f]on 

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Sofl;gf] c?nfO{ a]Rg, lnh / 

;jlnhdf lbg gkfpg] ;xdlt 

ePklg ;xdltljkl/t 

Sofl;gf] ljlqm ePsf] b]lvG5 . 

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;'/]Gb| axfb'/ l;+xn] Sofl;gf] 

/f]onnfO{ @% s/f]8df O{lG8og 

gful/s cflzif k§]nnfO{ ljqmL 

u/] . k§]nsf] gfddf gfd;f/L 

gx'g] ePkl5 sDkgL /lhi6f8{ 

sfof{no / ko{6g dGqfnonfO{ 

k|efjdf kf/L Sofl;gf] s} 

;'k/efO{h/ hoGtL yfkfdu/sf] 

gfddf Sofl;gf] kf; ul/Psf] 

5 . …cfos/ nufotsf s/ 5nL 

u/]/ ef/tsf] s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg 

Jo"/f] l;aLcfO{n] af/Daf/ kqmfp 

u/]sf ljjfbf:kb ef/tLo 

sf7df8f}F -h;_–j}b]lzs 

/f]huf/ sfof{no tfxrnn] >d 

:jLs[lt k|lqmofnfO{ Jojl:yt 

agfpg 6f]sg k|0ffnL z'? 

ug]{ ePsf] 5 . oxL dª\l;/ !^ 

ut]b]lv 6f]sg k|0ffnLcg';f/ 

gofF >d :jLs[lt, k'gM >d 

:jLs[lt / sfuhft k|df0fLs/0f 

ul/g] sfof{nosf k|d'v 

o'j/fh vltj8fn] hfgsf/L 

lbP . /f]huf/ sfof{nodf 

Jojl:yt k|0ffnL gx'Fbf ljb]z 

hfg] o'jfn] lgs} ;f:tL v]Kb} 

cfPsf 5g\ . >d :jLs[lt lngs} 

nflu cl3Nnf] lbgb]lv nfOgdf 

a:g'kg]{ afWotf 5 . j}b]lzs 

/f]huf/ ljefusf] PsLs[t j}b]lzs 

Jofkf/L cflzif k6]nn] cfÎgf] 

sfnf]wgnfO{ ;]tf] agfpgsf 

nflu g]kfndf Sofl;gf]df nufgL 

u/]sf x'g\,Ú Sofl;gf] ;~rng 

ug]{ Ps k"j{;~rfns ;Da4 

;|f]tn] eGof] . 

Sofl;gf]n] /fHonfO{ !% 

s/f]8 eGbf a9L s/ ltg{ afFsL 

/f]huf/ ;"rgf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL 

-PkmOcfOPdP;_ af6 k|fKt 

lgj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf] 6f]sg 

gDa/sf cfw/df tf]lsPsf] ldlt 

/ ;dodf dfq ;]jf k|fKt ug{ 

;lsg] pgn] atfP . b}lgs ()) 

x'Fbf klg cfly{s rnv]ndf 

Sofl;gf] vl/b ljqmL ePsf] 5 . 

g]kfnsf] sfg"gcg';f/ s'g} klg 

sDkgLn] /fHonfO{ ltg'{kg]{ s/ 

lt/]/ …6\ofS; lSno/Ú gu/];Dd 

vl/ ljqmL t s] z]o/ g} 

x:tfGt/0f ug{ klg kfO{b}g . t/, 

cfly{s rnv]ndf8 af“sL k[i7 @ df 

>d :jLs[ltsf nflu d+l;/ 

!^ b]lv 6f]sg k|0ffnL 

nfO{ 6f]sg ljt/0f ug]{ u/L 

;Î6j]o/sf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . 

k|d'v vltj8fn] 6f]sg k|fKt 

ug] { o'jfnfO{ ;f]xL lbg ;]jf k|bfg 

ul/g]atfP . pgn];Î6j]o/n]lbPsf] 

ldlt / ;doleq} 8 af“sL k[i7 @ df 

kKk'sf] w/f}6L hkmt, /f]lsof] x'nfsL /fhdfu{ 

afFs] -h;_–kKk' n'lDagL 

h]aL sG6«S;gsf] gfddf 

7]Ssf /x]sf] ax'k|ltlIft 

x'nfsL /fhdfu{cGtu{t afFs] 

v08sf] sfd 7Kk ePsf] 5 . 

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$$ lsnf]ld6/sf] x'nfsL ;8s 

lgdf{0f 7]Ssf kfPsf] kKk' / 

;/sf/aLr ;DaGw lalu|P;Fu} 

lgdf{0fsf] sfd k|efljt ePsf] 

5 . kKk'n] of] 7]Ssf ? ^) 

s/f]8df u0fklt sG6«S;gnfO{ 

lbPsf] 5 . u0fkltn] sfd u/] 

klg ;/sf/;Fusf] 7]Ssf kKk's} 

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sfd k|efljt ePsf] 5 . kKk'n] 

b]zsf cGoq sfd ubf{ u/]sf] 

abdf;Lsf] e/0fkf]if0f oxLaf6 

ug]{ u/L s]Gb|af6 kq cfPkl5 

h]7b]lv x'nfsL ;8s sfof{non] 

k};f /f]s]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] k};f 

/f]s];Fu} kKk'n] u0fkltnfO{ 

cfjZos /sd lbg g;Sbf 

lgdf{0f k|efljt ag]sf] 5 . 

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n8fOFsf sf/0f ;b/d'sfd;Fu 

;8s ;~hfndf hf]l8g] 

/fKtLkfl/sf afl;Gbfsf] ;kgf 

6f9f ws]lnPsf] 5 . k};f gkfPsf] 

eGb} sfd /f]s]sf] u0fklt 

sG6«S;gsf k|d'v t'n;L/fd 

e08f/Ln] atfP . pgn] eg], 

æ/fHosf sf/0f x'nfsL 

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x'nfsL ;8ssf] @)&$ df3df 

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;Demf}tfcg';f/ @)&^ ;fpgdf 

sfd ;Sg'kg]{ ;Demf}tf 5 . 

æh]7b]lv e'QmfgL kfPsf 5}gf}F . 

st}st} clxn] klg d'cfAhfsf] 

ljjfb sfod} 5Æ, u0fklt 

sG6«S;gsf k|d'v e08f/Ln] eg], 

æ;/sf/n] clxn] klg e'QmfgL 

lbg] xf] eg] xfdLn] ;fpg;Dddf 

sfd ;DkGg u5f}{+ .Æ :yfgLo 

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aNn cufl8 a9]sf] x'nfsLsf] 

sfd klg /f]lsof]

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@)&% d+l;/ !# ut], laxLaf/ 

Thursday 29 November 2018 

k|x/L gfoa dxflg/LIfs 

b'3{6gfsf rfns y'gfdf 

sfe]|knf~rf]s -h;_– 

d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsf–^ efª\ 

u]6f/df ut sflQs !) ut] k|x/L 

gfoa dxflg/LIfs -l8cfOhL_ 

;'zLns'df/ e08f/Lnufot tLg 

hgfsf] d[To' x'g] u/L ePsf] 

b'3{6gfsf lhk rfns k|bLk 

af]u6LnfO{ k'k{Ifsf nflu sf/fuf/ 

rnfg ul/Psf] 5 . o;cl3 

pgnfO{ @& lbg lx/f;tdf 

/fvL lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf 

k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs bLks 

lu/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjsf] 5fglag 

;ldltn] cg';Gwfg ul/Psfdf 

dª\unaf/b]lv k'k{Ifdf /fv]/ 

5fglag ul/Psf] xf] . 

pQm b'3{6gfdf 3fOt] 

l8cfOhL e08f/LnfO{ pkrf/fy{ 

c:ktfn n}hfFb} ubf{ / @$ jifL{o 

kqsf/ hLjg k/fh'nL tyf 6] «8 

o'lgog sfª\u] |;sf # g+ k|b]z 

;+of]hs $$ jifL{o ljgf]b sfsL{sf] 

36gf:ynd} d[To' ePsf] lyof] . 

5 hgf ;jf/ af#r @*& g+sf] 

Nof08qm'h/ sRrL ;8saf6 s/La 

@)) ld6/ tn v;]sf] lyof] . 

36gfdf uDeL/ 3fOt] 

k"j{ k|x/L gfoapk/LIfs ljgf]b 

uf}tdsf] xfn sf7df8f}Fl:yt u|f08L 

c:ktfndf pkrf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . 

;fdfGo 3fOt] rfns af]u6L 

/ csf{ wg/fh k'/L b'3{6gfsf] 

b'O{ lbgkl5 c:ktfnaf6 3/ 

uPsf lyP . rfns af]u6Lsf 

cfkmGtn] d[tssf cfl>t 

kl/jf/n] lgodfg';f/ kfpg] 

lsl/of vr{ tyf Ifltk"lt{jfktsf] 

hgxL ? kfFr nfvsf b/n] ? !% 

kKk'sf]=== 

x'Fb}gÆ, ;f+;b uxt/fhn] eg] . ;f+;b uxt/fhn] 7]Ssf 

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atfP . $$ lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f /x]sf g/}gfk'/sf afl;GbfnfO{ ;8s 

/fd|f] gx'Fbf ;b/d'sfd cfpg lbgel/ nfU5 . g/}gfk'/ ufpFkflnsfsf 

k|d'v df] Ol:tofs cxdb ;fxn] x'nfsLsf] sfd l56f] ;~rfng ug{ 

dfu u/]sf 5g\ . ædflysf] ljjfb;Fu xfdLnfO{ ;/f]sf/ 5}g, oxfF 

sfd /f]lsg' x'Fb}gÆ, pgn] eg], æl56f] sfd yfNg';\ .Æ x'nfsL ;8s 

gaGbf clxn];Dd /fKtLkfl/sf] hgtf ;b/d'sfd;Fu hf]l8g ;s]sf 

5}gg\ . ;8s gx'Fbf a3f}8f If]q lhNnfsf] s0ff{nL eg]/ lrlgG5 . 

ef/t;Fu ;Ldf hf]l8Psf g/}gfk'/jf;L w]/} sf/f]jf/ ef/tlt/ g} x'g] 

u/]sf] 5 . 

kKk'sf] w/f}6L hkmt 

kKk' sG:6«S;gn] w/f}6Lafkt a}+sdf /fv]sf] ? gf} s/f]8 () 

nfv ;/sf/n] hkmt ug]{ ePsf] 5 . /fli6«o uf}/jsf] cfof]hgfcGtu{t 

l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] 8'8'jf zfvf gx/ lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;dodf 

ug{ g;s]sfn] p;n] hdfgtsf] ?kdf a}+sdf /fv]sf] w/f}6L /sd 

hkmt x'g] ePsf] xf] . lgdf{0f sDkgLn] sfd u/]sf]eGbf k]ZsLafkt 

nu]sf] /sd w]/} eP Tof] klg lkmtf{ ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . 

sfdsf] d"Nofª\sgsf nflu kKk'nfO{ kqfrf/ ug]{ tof/L eO/x]sf] 

l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf l8lehgn Ol~hgLo/ k|sfzaxfb'/ sfsL{n] 

atfP . pgsf cg';f/, lgdf{0f sDkgLn] sfd u/]sf] eGbf a9L /sd 

nu]sf] eP lkmtf{ ug{'kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . 8'8'jf zfvf gx/ lgdf{0fdf 

l9nfO u/]kl5 ;/sf/n] kKk' sG:6«S;gsf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf /2 u/]kl5 

af]nkqdfkm{t k'gM 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf x'g] ePsf] 5 . 

l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf cg';f/ 8'8'jf zfvf gx/ lgdf{0fsf 

nflu kKk'n] ? cf7 s/f]8 #& nfv k]ZsL lnO;s]sf] 5 . 8'8'jf 

zfvf gx/ lgdf{0fsf] lhDdf kfPsf] kKk'n] 7fpF7fpFdf gx/ vg]sfn] 

d"Nofª\sg ug{ ufx|f] ePsf] atfP . æ7fpF7fpFdf sfd ePsfn] olsg 

ug{ ufx|f] 5 . slt k|ltzt sfd ePsf] 5 eGg] d"Nofª\sgkl5 dfq 

yfxf x'g]5Æ, pgn] eg] . kKk'n] 8'8'jf gx/ k|0ffnL lgdf{0fsf] sfd @* 

dxLgfdf ;Sg] u/L 7]Ssf lnPsf] lyof] . cjlw k"/f x'Fbf;Dd s/La 

;ft k|ltzt sfd u/]kl5 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf /2 ul/Psf] cfof]hgfsf 

l8lehg Ol~hgLo/ sfsL{n] :ki6 kf/] . æxfdL;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf] 

;dodf hDdf ;ft k|ltzt dfq} sfd ePkl5 dlGqkl/ifb\n] 7]Ssf 

tf]8\g] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf]Æ, pgn] eg] . 

8'8'jf gx/ lgdf{0fsf] sfd @)&# h]7b]lv z'? u/L $ k';, 

)&% df k"/f ug]{ nIo lyof] . kKk'n] @# bzsna @ lsnf]ld6/ 

8'8'jf gx/ lgdf{0f / l;S6fsf] d"n gx/nfO{ 8'8'jf zfvf gx/;Fu 

hf]8\g ? (* s/f]8 *! nfvdf 7]Ssf kfPsf] lyof] . gx/ lgdf{0fkl5 

To; If]q cf;kf;sf !^ xhf/ x]S6/df l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'Ug] ljZjf; 

ul/Psf] 5 . ækKk'n] ;dod} sfd gul/lbPsf sf/0f pQm cfof]hgfsf] 

sfd yk b'O{ jif{ k5fl8 wslnPsf] 5Æ, sfsL{n] eg] . o;}aLr, 

k|ltlglw;ef, s[lif, ;xsf/L tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;ldltn] /fli6«o 

uf}/jsf] l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgfcGtu{tsf] d"n gx/df kfgL 5f8\g 

;/sf/nfO{ lgb]{zg lbP klg cfufdL jiff{t\;Dd kfgL 5f]8\g g;lsg] 

cfof]hgfsf l8lehgn Ol~hgLo/ sfsL{n] atfP . 

pgn] d"n gx/df kfgL 5f]8\gf;fy elTsg] u/]sfn] dd{t 

gx'Fb} kfgL 5f]8\g g;lsg] :ki6 kf/] . æsf/0f kQf gnfUb} dd{t 

x'g ;Sb}g . dd{t gx'Fb} kfgL 5f]8\g ldNb}gÆ, pgn] eg] . afFs]sf] 

$@ xhf/ x]S6/ hdLgdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] lgdf{0f 

eO/x]sf] /fli6«o uf}/jsf] cfof]hgf lgdf{0fdf l9nfO ePkl5 oxfFsf 

^% xhf/ s[ifs df/df k/]sf 5g\ . d"n gx/d} sdhf]/L ePkl5 

afFs]sf s[ifsn] cfufdL jif]{ wfgsf nflu;d]t cfsf;] kfgLsf] e/ 

kg{'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . æs'g cfwf/df dd{t ug]{ cem}F 6'ª\uf] nfu]sf] 5}gÆ, 

pgn] eg], æjif]{ wfgsf nflu;d]t gx/df kfgL 5f]8\g ;Sg] ;ª\s]t 

5}g .Æ k"jL{ gx/ / l;+wlgof zfvf gx/df sfd hf/L /x]sf] 5 . 

8'8'jf gx/ lgdf{0fsf] sfd lgwf{l/t ;dodf k"/f ug{ g;s]kl5 kKk' 

sG6«S;g;Fusf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf tf]l8Psf] l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgfn] 

hgfPsf] 5 . 

/fHonfO{=== 

Sof;gf] ljqmL ePsf] :ki6 b]lvG5 . o:t} Sofl;gf] vl/bljqmL 

ePkl5 clxn] ;Dklt z'4Ls/0f cfof]udf lgjt{dfg ;~rfns zfx 

/ jt{dfg ;~rflnsf yfkfdu/ lj?4 sfnf] wgsf] k|of]u ePsf] 

eGb} d'2f k/]sf] 5 . xfn cfof]un] cg';Gwfg hf/L /fv]sf] 5 . s]xL 

aif{cl3 ;'/]Gb|axfb'/ l;+xn] @% s/f]8 nufgL u/]sf lyP . pgL klxn] 

;fdfGo Sofl;gf] dhb'/ lyP . pgn] s'g ;|f]taf6 olt /sd nufgL 

u/] eg]/ ;DklQ z'l4s/0f ljefunfO{ 5fglag ug{ ;'hg bfxfnn] 

d'2f btf{ u/]sf x'g\ . bfxfnn] ljefudf @)&% ;fn c;f]h @! ut] 

d'4f btf{ u/]sf x'g\ . ljefudf pgn] u/]sf] d'4fsf] btf{ g + #!$$ 

/x]sf] 5 . bfxfnn] d'4f btf{ u/L nufgLsf] ;|f]t 5fglag u/L ;DklQ 

z'l4s/0f P]g cg';f/ sf/afxL ug{ cfu|x;d]t u/]sf 5g\ . 

o;}ul/ /f]on Sofl;gf]n] aif}{b]lv xf]6n ofs P08 oltnfO{ 

ltg'{kg]{ ef8f;d]t lt/]sf] 5}g . xf]6nn] k6s–k6s ef8f ltg{ ;"rgf 

hf/L ubf{ klg ef8f glt/]sf] xf]6n ;|f]tn] atfof] . Sofl;gf]n] sl/j 

% jif{b]lv sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;~ro sf]ifdf k};f xfn]sf] 5}g . clxn];Dd 

;~ro sf]ifdf xfNg'kg]{ /sd % s/f]8 eGbf a9L ePsf] 5 . s'g} 

sd{rf/Ln] ;~osf]ifdf k};f xfNg dfu u/] eg] hflu/af6} tna glbO{ 

lgsfNg] ul/Psf] 5 . sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf ;'ljwf s§f gubf{ klg dhb'/ 

nfv oxL dª\l;/ $ ut] lhNnf 

k|zf;g sfof{nosf] vftfdf hDdf 

u/]sf] lyof] . 

b'3{6gfdf Pssf] d[To' 

gDa/ gv'n]sf] ;fjf/Lsf] 

7Ss/af6 a'waf/ laxfg 6]s'df 

Ps hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . 6]s' 

k'nl:yt sgs k]6«f]n kDk cufl8 

gDa/ gv'n]sf] ;jf/L ;fwgn] 

laxfg $ ah] s~rgk'/ 3/ eO{ 

xfn sLlt{k'/ a:g] !( jifL{o 

hLjg l;+xnfO{ 7Ss/ lbFbf uDeL/ 

3fOt] pgsf] pkrf/sf nflu jL/ 

c:ktfn n}hfg] qmddf af6f]d} 

pgsf] d[To' ePsf] sflndf6L k|x/L 

j[Qn] hgfPsf] 5 . b'3{6gfkl5 

;jf/L ;fwg;lxt km/f/ /x]sf 

rfnssf] vf]hL eO/x]sf] k|x/Ln] 

hgfPsf] 5 . 

hnjfo' kl/jt{g c;/sf ljifonfO{ k|fyldstf 

sf7df8f}F -h;_–jg tyf jftfj/0fdGqL 

zlQmaxfb'/ a:g]tn] hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL 

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3Lo ;+/rgf dxf;lGwsf] kIf 

/fi6«sf] @$cf}F ;Dd]ng -sf]k–@$_ df hnjfo' 

kl/jt{gsf c;/ af/]sf ljifonfO{ k|fyldstfsf 

;fy p7fOg] atfPsf 5g\ . ;+o'Qm clw/fHo 

a]nfotsf] cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ljefu -l8PkmcfO8L_ 

sf] k|ltlglwd08n;Fu a'waf/ dGqfnodf ePsf] 

e]6df pgn] hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf a9L of]ubfg 

/x]sf /fi6« tyf g]kfnh:tf ;d:of l;h{gf ug{df 

sd e"ldsf ePsf jf e"lds} gePsf d'n'ssf] 

lxtdf uDeL/ aGg'kg{] atfP . 

g]tfx?nfO{ xft lnO{ Sofl;gf]n] ha/h:tL ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . 

o:t} Sofl;gf] /f]onn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgod ljkl/t g]kfnL 

gful/s k|j]z u/fO{/x]sf] 5 . lab]zL kfx'gfsf dgf]/~hgsf nflu v'n]sf] 

Sofl;gf]n] cfÎgf] p2]Zo / bfo/f ldr]/ ljleGg cj}w sfd ul//x]sf] 

b]lvPsf] 5 . Sofl;gf]n] k|x/Lsf] ;]l6ªdf sfdbf/ / lab]zLsf] sf8{ 

agfpb} g]kfnL l5/fpg] u/]sf] 5 . /f]on Sofl;gf]df h'jf v]Nb} u/]sf] 

cj:yfdf a]xf]; eO{ Ps g]kfnLsf] lgwg ePkl5 o:tf] /x:o aflx/ 

cfPsf] xf] . k|rlnt sfg'gL Joj:yfljk/Lt Sofl;gf]df k'u]/ h'jf 

v]n]sf l;/xf nfxfgsf a'l4nfn zfxsf] sflt{s * ut] laxLaf/ h'jf 

v]Nb} ubf{ d[To' eP;Fu} clxn] Sofl;gf]sf] abdf;L aflx/ cfPsf] xf] . 

h'jf v]Ng] qmddf a]xf]; ePsf zfxnfO{ k|bz{gLdful{\:yt sf7df8f}+ 

df]8n c:ktfn k'¥ofOPklg c:ktfnn] tTsfn} d[t 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 

lyof] . lgodfg';f/ Sofl;gf]df g]kfnLx?nfO{ k|j]z lbg kfOFb}g . 

t/, /f]ondf ;~rfnsx?n] ljleGg ;]l6ª ldnfpFb}+ g]kfnLx?nfO{ 

lg/Gt/ k|j]z u/fO/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnLx? Sofl;gf] k|j]z ubf{ ef/tLo 

kl/rokq b]vfO{ Sofl;gf] k|j]z ug]{ u/]sf] v'n]sf] 5 . clxn] ef/tLo 

gful/ssf] gfdaf6 Sofl;gf] k|+j]z u/]sf zfxsf] lgwgaf/] cg';Gwfg 

cl3 a9fOPsf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . h'jf v]Ng] k|j[lQn] kfl/jfl/s 

snx a9]sf] eGb} g]kfnLnfO{ Sofl;gf] k|j]zdf /f]s nufOPsf] 5 . 

Sofl;gf]df ef/tLo kl/rokqsf] cf8df h'jf v]Nb} cfPsf zfx 

PSsfl; a]xf]; ePsf lyP . zfxsf] d[To'kl5 pgsf] ;fyaf6 ef/tLo 

gful/s xl/z+s/ kfnsf] gfddf /x]sf] kl/rokq k|x/Ln] e]6fPsf] 

hgfPsf] 5 . Sofl;gf]df w]/} /sd xf/]kl5 xf6{ c6\ofs eo/ zfxsf] 

d[To' ePsf] sd{rf/Lx? atfpF5g . /f]on Sofl;gf]n] g]kfnLx?nfO{ 

h'jf v]Ngsf] nflu gSsnL sd{rf/L kl/rokq agfpg] of gSsnL 

ef/tLo sf8{ agfO Sofl;gf] l5/fpg] u/]sf] Ps sd{rf/Ln] 

hg;jfnnfO{ atfP . Sol;gf]sL gSsnL ;+rflnsf hoGtL yfkf 

du/ / l;Ocf] lu/Lw/ 608gsf] ldn]dtf]df Sofl;gf]df g]kfnLnfO{ 

k|a]z u/fpg] ul/Psf] 5 . 

s]lxlbg klxn] Sofl;gf]df h'jf v]Nb} ubf{ Ps g]kfnLsf] d[To' 

ePsf], /fHonfO{ kG„ s/f]8eGbf a9L /fh:j ltg{ afFsL /x]sf] / 

dhb'/x?sf] aiff}{b]lvsf] s/f]8f} ;+rosf]if hDdf gu/]sf sf/0f 

Sofl;gf] ;d:of g} ;d:ofdf /x]sf] 5 . ljleGg 36gfsf sf/0f 

Sol;gf]sL b]vfj6L ;~rflnsf yfkfdu/ dlxgf}b]lv Sofl;gf] hfg 

;s]sL 5}gg\ . Sofl;gf]df ca}w ?kdf g]kfnL k|a]z u/fP/ h'jf 

v]nfpb} ubf{ Ps g]kfnLsf] d[To' ePkl5 xfnls ;~rflnsf elgPsL 

yfkfdu/nfO{ k|x/Ln] vf]hL ;"rLdf /fv]sf] 5 . 

o;}aLr g]kfndf lhDdf lbPsf JolQmn] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ 

g;s]kl5 Sofl;gf]sf jf:tlas nufgLstf{ k6]n s]xL lbgklxn] 

g]kfn cfPsf lyP . pgL g]kfn cfPkl5 ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ 

;lhnf] x'G5 eg]/ yfkfdu/n] af]nfPkl5 k6]n s]xL lbgsf] nflu 

g]kfn cfpg lyP . Sofl;gf]sf af:tljs ;~rfns cflzif k§]nn] 

dhb"/ g]tfx?nfO{ /fvL Sofl;gf] lj?4 af]Ng]nfO{ hflu/af6 x6fpg] 

eGb} k]m/L lbNnL k|:yfg u/]sf 5g\ . k§]nn] cfk\mgf] sfnf] wgnfO{ 

Sofl;gf]df nufPsf x'g\ . pgnfO{ ef/tLo ;/sf/n] klxnf klg 

k6s–k6s lu/k\mtf/ u/L sfnf] wgsf] cg';Gwfg u/]sf JolQm 

x'g\ . Sofl;gf]df eb|uf]n, /fHosf] k};f glt/L / dhb"/dfly r/d 

zf]if0f ul/ dgf]dfgL 9+un] s]xL JolQmn] k|efjdf kf/]/ Sofl;gf] 

/f]on ;~rfng eO/x]klg ;DalGwt lgsfox? eg] clxn];Dd df}g 

/xg'nfO{ /x:do dflgPsf] 5 . 

k|b]z=== 

;/sf/ / bnaLr ;dGjo gePsf] ljifodf cfjfh p7\b} 

cfPsf] 5 . 

>d=== 

;]jf lng sfof{nodf cfpg;d]t cfu|x u/] . k|d'v vltj8fn] 

eg], æ;]jfu|fxLn] 6f]sg lnPsf] lbgd} ;]jf lng cfpg'eof] eg] ;f]xL 

lbg xfdL ()) nfO{ g} ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;S5f}F . o;af6 ;]jfu|fxL ef]s, 

lgGb|f gegL nfOgdf a:g cfpg' kb}{g . >d :jLs[lt k|lqmofnfO{ 

Jojl:yt agfpg ;S5f}F .Æ 

sfof{noaf6 ;/sf/n] /f]huf/Lsf nflu v'nf u/]sf !!) 

d'n'ssf nflu ;+:yfut / JolQmut >d :jLs[lt, k'gM >d :jLs[lt 

k|bfg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . clxn] b}lgs Ps xhf/eGbf a9Ln] gofF 

>d :jLs[lt, k'gM>d :jLs[lt lng] u/]sf sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . 

sfof{non] laxfg * b]lv ;fFem & ah];Dd ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 

5 . zlgaf/sf lbg;d]t >d :jLs[lt k|bfg ul/Fb} cfOPsf] k|d'v 

vltj8fn] hfgsf/L lbP . rf8kj{ ;lsP;Fu} j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf 

qmddf ljb]lzg] o'jfsf] rfk XjfQ} a9]sf] 5 . 

gSsnL=== 

kqmfp k/]sf JolQm;Fu k|x/Ln] ljB'tLo t/fh' Ps yfg, s}+rL 

Ps yfg / gub ? #^ nfv ^% xhf/ a/fdb u/]sf] 5 . kqmfp 

k/]sf;Fu cfjZos cg';Gwfg eO/x]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . 

Plzof=== 

pgLx¿ b'a} hgf zlgaf/ :jb]z kmls{g]5g\ . Dofgdf/sL 

;ld6df ;xefuL x'g cf]l;lgof tLg b]zsf /fi6«klt klg sf7df8f}+ 

cfpFb}5g\ . l/klAns ckm gfp¿, l/klAns 6'efn' / OlG8k]G8]G6;\ 

:6]6 ckm ;fdjf /fi6«kltx¿ ;ld6df ;xefuL x'g]5g\ . oLafx]s !) 

b]zsf k"j{k|wfgdGqL / /fi6«klt klg ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL x'g]5g\ . 

{ 

;dfrf/ 

‘dfu ;Daf]wg geP dGqfnod} 

cfTd3ftL ag]/ kl8\sg]5'’ 

tfTsflng\ dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf tyf clwsf/ gkfpg' b'Mvb ePsf] xltof/ agfpg / cGofosf] 

sdf08/x?n] cjd'Nog u/]sf eGb} s';'dn] eg],…xfdLn] kl/j{tg la/f]wdf cfjfh eg{ k|r08, 

5G, cfhsf] lbgdf xfdLnfO{ d/] uof} +, xfdLn] u0ftGq Nofof} +, cfh afa'/fd, afbn, jif{dfgn] l;sfPsf] 

x'G5 eGb}5G, xfdLn] n8]/ NofPsf] g]skfnfO{ b'O{ ltxfO{sf] dt dfUof} eGb} o'4df afFl8Psf ;kgfx? 

kl/j{tgsf] ckgTj xfdLn] ug{ / ;/sf/df k'of{of} +, t/ cfh xfd|f] k"/f ug{ 'kg] {df hf]8 lbFb} s';'dn] 

kfpFb}gf} +, xfdLn] uf]nL / /ut;+u clwsf/sf] af/]df lsg jf:tf eg],…xfdLnfO{ ;a} s'/f cfpF5, 

;f]6]sf] u0ftGqdf ckdfgsf] ul/Fb}g ldssf] 

lxtsf nflu of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs ;'/Iff of]hgfsf] klg 

s]xLn] ga'em]/ lj/f]w u/]sf] atfP . ……;/sf/n] sfd} u/]g eg]/ 

l6Kk0fL ug{ ' :jfutof]Uo s'/f eP klg ;sf/fTds sfdsf] klg d"Nofª\sg 

ug{ 'k5{ÚÚ pgn] eg],……;/sf/ d'n'snfO{ ;d[l4 agfpg] cleofgdf nfu]sf] 

5 .ÚÚ sfo{qmddf dGqL 1jfnLn] aflnsf e08f/L / pgsL cfdf nIdL 

e08f/LnfO{ pkrf/sf nflu b'aO{df ;ª\sng ul/Psf] ? b'O{ nfv cf7 

xhf/ %)) x:tfGt/0f u/]sf x'g\ . b'aO{df j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf qmddf 

/x]sf s'j]/ n'OF6]n / lvd s];Ln] ;+of]hg u/L g]kfndf snfsf/ a}s'07 

dxtdfkm{t /sd pknAw u/fPsf x'g\ . aGbgf clxn] dxf/fhu~hl:yt 

lzIf0f c:ktfndf pkrf/t l5g\ . 

u9L k'gMlgdf{0f / ;+/If0f k|fyldstfdf M /Iff dGqfno 

sf7df8f}F -h;_–;/sf/n] d'n'ssf] :jfwLgtf / cv08tf;Fu 

hf]l8Psf dxTjk"0f{ w/f]x/sf ?kdf /x]sf u9Lsf] k'gMlgdf{0f / 

;+/If0fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ sfd ug{] ePsf] 5 . /Iff dGqfnon] 

klxnf] r/0fdf P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf ;ft j6f u9L cfufdL kfFr 

jif{leqdf k'gMlgdf{0f ;+/If0f ug{] sfo{of]hgf agfPsf] dGqfnosf 

k|jQmf afa'/fd uf}tdn] hfgsf/L lbP . dGqfnon] klxnf] r/0fdf 

l;Gw'nL, dsjfgk'/, lr;fkfgL, lhtk'/, g'jfsf]6, xl/x/k'/ / 

pk/bfªu9Lsf] k'gMlgdf{0fsf nflu g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbg] 

sfo{of]hgf cl3 ;f/]sf] xf] . 

d'n's ;ª\3Lotfdf uP;Fu} :yfgLo tx / k|b]zn] cf– 

cfkm\gf If]qsf u9Lsf] dxTj phfu/ ug{] / ;+/If0ftkm{ hf]8 

lbg] sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbFb} cfPsf 5g\ . ? @! s/f]8 %( 

nfv sf] nfutdf ;]gfn] pQm sfo{ ug{]5 . P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf 

o:tf u9L lsNnfnufotsf ;+/rgf / ;Dkbfsf] k'gMlgdf{0f Pj+ 

;+/If0fn] d'n'ssf] ko{6g k|j4{gdf ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg 

k'Ug]5 . d'n'ssf] /fli6«o ;'/Iff / cª\u|]hlj?4sf] n8fOFdf cfwf/ 

lsNnfsf ?kdf k|of]u ePsf u9Lsf] k|efjsf/L?kaf6 ;+/If0fsf] 

dfu eO{ cfPkl5 ;/sf/n] u9L ;+/If0fsf] sfo{qmd;lxt ljz]if 

rf;f] b]vfPsf] xf] . 

sdnfdfOgu/kflnsf;lxt sltko :yfgLo txn] u9Lsf] 

/]vb]v / ;'/Iffsf] nflu ;}lgs 6's8L g} :yfkgf ug{'kg{] dfu 

ub{} cfPsf 5g\ . ;]gfn] h]h:tf] cj:yfdf 5 To;nfO{ xfn;Dd 

;fdfGo /]vb]v ub{} cfPsf] / ko{6sLo k'/ftflTjs:ynsf ?kdf 

ljsl;t ug{] ;f]rcg'?k kl5Nnf] ;do ;]gfaf6 kxn xF'b} cfPsf] 

dGqfnosf] egfO /x]sf] 5 . 

sDkgLsf] gfd kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ;"rgf 

o; sDkgLsf] @)&%÷)%÷!( df ;DkGg ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o 

adf]lhd ;fljssf] sDkgL lg/ l8«lnª\u k|f=ln= -k|f=ln=g+=&##$(_ sf] 

gfddf /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ rncrn ;DklQ tyf ltg'{ kg]{ s/ bfloTj÷cGo 

bfloTj cflb kl/jlt{t sDkgLn] ltg]{ Joxf]g]{ u/L sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] 

sfof{noaf6 ;d]t ldlt @)&%÷)*÷!@ ut]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ sDkgLsf] 

gfd kl/jt{g u/L lg/ l8«lnª\u P08 sG:6«S;g k|f=ln= sfod ul/Psf] 

Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfåf/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . 

lg/ l8«lnª\u P08 sG:6«S;g k|f=ln= 

sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf–!$, sf7df08f}+,#

of] ;Dd]ngn] 

g]kfnnfO{ 

kmfOb} kmfObf 

k'¥ofp“5 

cGtjf{tf{ 

@)&% d+l;/ !# ut], laxLaf/ 


# 

dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, k"j{k|wfgdGqL 

tyf 

cfof]hs ;ldltsf cWoIf 

Pl;of Kofl;lkms ;Dd]ng–@)!* 

k"j{ k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'df/ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g]skf_ sf jl/i7 g]tf x'g\ . g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cfkm\gf] 5'6\6} 5lj lgdf{0f u/]sf g]kfn kl5Nnf] ;do ljleGg sfo{qmd / cleofgdf klg Jo:t 5g\ . o;}qmddf oxL d+l;/ !$ b]lv !^ ;Dd g]kfndf cfof]hgf x'g nfu]sf] … 

Pl;of Kofl;lkms ;Dd]ng–@)!*Ú sf nflu g]tf g]kfn sfo{qmd cfof]hs ;ldltsf] cWoIf /x]sf 5g\ . o'lge;{n lk; km]8]/];g -o'kLPkm_ n] cfof]hgf ug{ nfu]sf] ;Dd]ngn] g]kfnnfO{ ljZjdfem kxlrfg lbg] g]kfn atfpF5g\ . o;} ;Gbe{df ;Dd]ngnfO{ s]Gb|laGb' agfP/ hg;jfn 

b}lgsn] g]tf g]kfn;Fu ;Dd]ngsf] tof/L, o;sf] pknlAw / ;kmntfsf ;DaGwdf 5f]6f] s'/fsfgL u/]sf] lyof] . k|:t't 5 g]tf g]kfn;Fusf] s'/fsfglsf] ;f/;+If]k M 

Pl;of Kofl;lkms ;Dd]ng s:tf] ;Dd]ng 

xf] < cfof]hs ;ldltsf] cWoIfsf] gftfn] pQm 

sfo{qmdaf/] atfO{ lbg'; g < 

k|Zgsf] nflu oxfFnfO{ wGojfb . tkfO{+nfO{ 

yfxf xf]nf xfdLn] olx @)!* df dfS;{jfb 

;DjlGw Pp6f cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf 

u/]sf lyof}+ . Tof] ;Dd]ngdf klg @) b]zeGbf 

al9 d'n'saf6 ljleGg JolQmTjx?sf] zfgbf/ 

;xeflutf;lxt ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . t/ clxn] 

hf] x'g uO{/x]sf] 5 Pl;of Kofl;lkms ;Dd]ng, 

l8;]Da/sf] !, @ / # df Tof] ;Dd]ng eGbfklg 

Jofks 5 . g]kfndf klxnf] k6s $% d'n'ssf 

at{dfg /fi6«fWoIf÷;/sf/ k|d'vx¿;lxt sl/a 

!%)) hgf ljlzi7 JolQmTjx?sf] ;xefuL x'g] 

;Dd]ng sf7df8f}sf] Xoft l/h]G;L xf]6ndf 

x'Fb}5 . …at{dfg ;dosf uDeL/ r'gf}tLx¿dfly 

;Daf]wgM cGt/lge{/tf, kf/:kl/s ;d[l4 

/ ;a{Aofks d"No–dfGotfÚ d"n gf/f /x]sf] 

;Dd]ngdf Plzof Kofl;lkms If]q;lxt ljZjsf 

cGo d'n'ssf at{dfg tyf k"j{/fi6«fWoIf 

/ ;/sf/ k|d'vx¿, ;efd'vx¿, ;f+;bx¿, 

/fhg}lts g]tfx¿, ljleGg wd{sf wfld{s 

cu'jfx¿, dlxnf g]t[x¿, ;+rf/sdL{x¿, k|fl1s 

AolQmTjx¿, Aoj;foL, snfsf/ tyf gful/s 

;dfhsf cu'jfx¿sf] ;xefuLtf /xg]5 . ljZjdf 

/x]sf ljleGg r"gf}tLk"0f{ ;d:ofx?– a]/f]huf/L, 

cljsf;, /fhgLlts cl:y/tf, dfgj clwsf/ 

pNn+3g, n}lu+s lx+;f, hnjfo' kl/jt{g, åGb 

/ c;'/Iff h:tf ljljw d'4fx?sf] ;dfwfgsf] 

lgldQ Ps hgf jf Ps b]zsf] k|of;n] dfq 

;Dej gx'g] ePsf]n] w]/} d'n'sx?sf] ;xeflutf 

/ ;xsfo{ dfkm{t ;dfwfgsf] vf]hL ug]{ ;'Gb/ 

;xcfof]hgf ;Dd]ng xf] . 

of] ;Dd]ng g]kfndf x'g'n] ljZjdf s:tf] 

;Gb]z lbg]5 < 

g]kfnh:tf] b]zdf o:tf] ljzfn ;Dd]ng 

cfof]hgf ug{ ljz]if e"ldsf v]Ng] o'lge;{n 

lk; km]8]/];g, cfOSofk / cfOlkkLnufotsf 

;+:yfx? wGojfbsf kfq x'g . o:tf ;+:yfx?sf] 

kxnn] ubf{ g} g]kfndf klg Pl;of Kofl;lkms 

;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf x'g uO{/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] 

;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf ljZjsf h'g ;'s} b]zdf 

klg x'g ;Sg] lyof] . t/, g]kfnd} lsg x'g 

uO{/x]sf] 5 eg], g]kfn To:tf] P]ltxfl;s 

b]z xf] h;sf] ljZj O{ltxf;df cfkm\gf] 5'6\6} 

klxrfg 5 . g]kfn zflGtb"t uf}td a'4 

hlGdg'ePsf] zflGte"ld xf] . g]kfn ;jf]{Rr 

lzv/ ;u/dfyfsf] b]z xf] . g]kfn k|fs[lts 

;f}Gbo{tfn] el/k"0f{ b]z xf] . g]kfn gbLgfnf 

g} gbLgfnf / agh+un g} agh+un ePsf] 

x/fe/f b]z xf] . g]kfn lxdfn} lxdfn / kxf8} 

kxf8 ePsf] :j0f{e"dL xf] . g]kfn hflto, 

wfld{s, eflifs / ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfsf] ;'Gb/ 

;lxiif'0ftf ePsf] b]z xf] . g]kfn ljZje/sf 

dflg;x? 3'Dg cfpg] ko{6sLo uGtAo klg 

xf] . g]kfn ljZj Oltxf;s} Pp6f ;j{bf :jtGq, 

;fj{ef}d;DkGg / :jfledfgL b]z xf] h;n] 

slxNo} klg s;};Fu k/fho a]xf]/]g . ljZjn] 

g]kfnsf oL ljz]iftfx?nfO{ a'em]sf 5g . /, 

xfdLn] klg g]kfnnfO{ ljZj;fd' cem a9L 

lrgfpg rfx]sf] sf/0fn] / ljleGg lg/+s'z 

zf;gx? / !) jif]{ hgo'4sf] cGTo u/L g]kfndf 

hglgjf{lrt ;+ljwfg;efåf/f gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L 

eO ;kmntfk"j{s zflGt k|lqmof lgisif{df k'u]sf] 

;'vb kIfnfO{ ljZj;fd' k|sfz kfg]{ kljq Woon], 

g]kfnsf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] dxTjk"0f{ kxndf 

of] ljzfn Pl;of Kofl;lkms ;Dd]ng ;f}efUoj; 

g]kfn} x'g uO{/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] nflu of] Psbd} 

;'Gb/ cj;/ klg xf] . 

sfo{qmddf s] s:tf ljifo Pj+ d'2fx?df 

5nkmn x'g]5 < 

ljZjdf b]vfk/]sf ljljw r'gf}tLk"0f{ 

;d:ofx?dWo] hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] g]kfnnfO{ ;w}+ 

lgs} k|efj kfg]{ u/]sf] 5 . lxdfn klUn/x]sf] 

5 . tfkqmd a9\b} uO{/x]sf] 5 . tfn tn}ofx? 

;'Sb} uPsf 5g . xfd|f kxf8x? lj:tf/} sfnf 

kTy/ aGg yfn]sf 5g . t;y{, xfdLn] ;doqmddf 

ljleGg lxdfnL Pj+ kxf8L :ynx?df ljleGg j}7s 

Pj+ sfo{qmdx? u/]/ ljZjnfO{ ;Gb]z k7fPsf 

lyof}+ ls– xfd|f] h:tf] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{k"0f{ b]z 

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/n] lbg k|ltlbg k|efljt 

eO{/x]sf] 5 eg]/ . vfnL 6fk'x? ePsf d'n'sdfq 

x}g, ;d'Gb| jl/kl/sf d'n'sx? dfq x}g, ;dy/ 

d'n'sx? dfq x}g, xfd|f] g]kfn h:tf] lxdfn} 

lxdfn ePsf], kxf8} kxf8 ePsf], xl/ofnL h+un} 

h+un ePsf], gbLgfnf g} gbLgfnf ePsf] b]z klg 

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/n] u|l;t 5g eGg] s'/f 

xfdLn] of] ;Dd]ngdf klg p7fg ug]{ 5f}+ . 

;Dd]ngdf s]–s:tf ljifox?sf] p7fg x'g]5 < 

ljZjdf /x]sf] ul/jL, a]/f]huf/L, e|i6rf/, 

;'zfgsf] sdL, cft+safb, åGb, cljsf;, hnjfo' 

kl/jt{g, vfB c;'/Iff, g}lts ktg, hah{:tL 

s/0fL, k|fs[lts ljklQ, ;:qsf] xf]8afhL, hflto 

åGb, wfld{s 4Gb, l5d]ls /fi6«x?aLrsf] s'6lglts 

4Gb cflbh:tf a9\bf] r'gf}tLk"0f{ ljifox?sf] ;/n 

;dfwfgsf] vf]hLsf] lgldQ o; ;Dd]ngdf a[xQ 

5nkmn x'g]5 / o:tf ;d:ofx?sf] j}1flgs 

;dfwfgsf] nflu o; ;Dd]ngn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 

v]Ng]5 eGg]df d ljZj:t 5' . o:tf] dxTjk"0f{ 

;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgsf] kxn ug]{ ljljw ;+3 

;+:yfx?nfO{ d km]/L wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . 

;Dd]ngdf ;xefuLx?af/] atfO{lbg'xf]; g < 

;Dd]ngsfnflu ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo"sf] 

ljz]if lgdGq0ffdf & hgf /fi6«÷;/sf/ k|d'v 

tyf pkk|d'vx¿, % hgf k|yd dlxnf, !) 

hgf k"j{ /fi6«÷;/sf/ k|d'vx¿, ! hgf jt{dfg 

pkk|wfgdGqL, & hgf dGqL, % hgf ;+;bsf 

;efd'vx¿ tyf pk;efd'vx¿nufot ljZjsf 

ljleGg b]zsf !%)) eGbf a9Lsf] uf}/jdo Pj+ 

pT;fxk"0f{ pkl:ylt x'g]5 . of] ;Dd]ng xfd|f]h:tf] 

ljsf;zLn b]zsf] tLj| ljsf;sf] lgldQ sf]z]9'+uf 

x'g] 5 eGg]df d lglZrGt 5' . ef/t, lrg, 

kfls:tfg, sDaf]l8of, ci6«]lnof, yfONof08, 

lkmlnlkG;, cd]l/sf, Dofgdf/, OG8f]g]l;of cflb 

Pl;of Kofl;lkmssf w]/}eGbf w]/} d'n'sx?sf 

ljlzi6 kfx'gfx? cfpg] / n'lDjgL, dfpG6]n 

km\nfO6dfkm{t lxdz[+vnfx? cjnf]sg, eQmk'/, 

sf7df8f}+ jl/kl/sf wfld{s Pj+ k'/ftflTjs 

;Dkbfx?sf] e|d0f ;d]t ug]{ OR5f hfx]/ u/]sf 

5g . h;n] ubf{ g]kfnsf] ;f+:s[lts Pj+ k|fs[lts 

;'Gb/tf ljZje/ cem Jofks ?kdf km}ng] 5 eGg] 

dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . 

o; sfo{qmdn] wd{ k|rf/ ub}{ 5 eGg] cf/f]k 

;To xf] < 

;Dd]ngdf s'g} wd{ k|rf/ x'b}g . a?, 

ljleGg d'n'ssf ljleGg wd{x?aLrsf] wfld{s 

;lxi0f'tf emg\ a[l4 x'g]5 eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . o; 

;Dd]ngdf ljleGg wd{sf wfld{s u'?x? Pj+ 

dxfTdfx?;d]t kfNg'x'g]5 . ljleGg wfld{s 

JolQmTjx? ;d]t cfpg]5g . h;n] ubf{ ;Dd]ngn] 

;Dk"0f{ wd{x?lardf /x]sf] c;dembf/LnfO{ d]6fP/ 

wfld{s ;lxiif'0ftf a9\g]df ;d]t d lglZrGt 5' . 

;a} wd{ Pj+ cf:yf;Fu ;Dj4 dflg;x?n] ;a} 

wd{sf] d"n dd{ Ps} ePsf] ;d]t dx;'; ug]{ 5g . 

Pscsf{nfO{ ;xof]u, d]nldnfk, eft[Tj, ;Ddfg 

/ ;Tsf/ ug]{5g, cfk;L ;dembf/L a9\g] 5 . 

xfdL dfgj hfltx? ;fDk|bflos wd{ eGbf klg 

k|fs[lts ;j{>]i7 k|f0fL xf}+ eGg] s'/fsf] dgg x'g] 

5 . of] jf:tjdf zflGt / k|ultsf] nflu Psbd} 

dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] . 

;Dd]ngsf] tof/L s]–s;/L] rln/x]sf] 5 < 

Jf:tjdf of] ;Dd]ngsf] tof/L nueu k"/f 

eO{;s]sf] 5 . ;Dd]ngsf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu 

w]/} ;+Vofdf :jo+;]jLx? vl6Psf 5g . ;/sf/sf] 

tkm{af6 lgdGq0ff, s'6gLlts / ;'/Iff ;xlt ;Dk"0f{ 

;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] cf–cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] kl/kfngf 

ug{sf] lgldQ lgb]{zg;d]t hf/L eO{;s]sf] 5 . 

;/sf/n] oftfoft Joj:yfkgsf] nflu hf]/ ljhf]/ 

k|0ffnLsf] nfu' u/]sf] 5 . ;fy}, cGo ;a} ef}lts 

Pj+ k|fljlws Joj:yfkg ;d]t eO{;s]sf] 5 . xn 

/ a;fO{ nufot cGo ;Dk"0f{ tof/L eO{;s]sf] 5 . 

sfo{qmdsf] k|rf/k|;f/sf klg eO{/x]sf] 5 . 

;Dd]ngn] s:tf] s:tf] d'2fx?sf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ 

5 < 

;Dd]ngn] hnjfo' kl/jt{g / sf7df8f}+ 

3f]if0ffkqsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ 5 . ljZjdf JofKt /x]sf 

ljleGg r'gf}tLk"0f{ ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfgsf] lgldQ 

;Dk"0f{ /fi6«x?sf] ;xsfof{Tds Pstf cfjZos 

/x]sf] ;TonfO{ ;d]t ;Dd]ngn] ;Djf]wg ug]{ 

5 . To;y{, Pl;of Kofl;lkmssf ;a} /fi6«x?aLr 

Pstf, efO{rf/f, ;xsfo{ / gofF s'6gLlts prfO{ 

;d]t h?/L /x]sf] tYonfO{ ;d]t phfu/ ug]{ 

5 . 

oqf] ljzfn ;Dd]ngsf] vr{ Joj:yfkg s;/L 

eO{/x]sf] 5 < 

o; ;Dd]ngsf] vr{ Joj:yfg o'lge;{n 

lk; km]8]/];gn ufot cGo ljleGg ;+3;+:yfx?n] 

ug]{5g . ;Dd]ngsf] d'Vo cfof]hs tyf k|fof]hs 

o'lge;{n lk; km]8/]zg-o'lkPkm_ g} xf] . of] 

;+:yf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs 

kl/ifb\af6 dfGotf k|fKt ;+:yf xf] . ljZjdf zflGt, 

efOrf/f, ;lxi0f'tf, ;d[l4 / ljsf; clej[l4 

ug]{ clek|fon] ul7t of] ;+:Yffsf] ljZjsf !%% 

d'n'sdf ;lqmo pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5 . ;Dd]ngdf 

nueu ;+:yfsf] @) s/f]8 ?k}ofF vr{ x'g] cg'dfg 

u/]sf 5f}+ . 

;Dd]ngdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 sf]–sf] pkl:yt 

x'“b} 5g\ < 

g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo", 

k"j{ k|wfgdGqLHo"x?, pk–k|wfgdGqLHo"x?, cGo 

dGqLx?, ;efd'v, d cfkm} klg ;xefuL x'g] 5' . 

cGo lj4fg a'l4lhljx?sf] klg ;xeflutf /xg]5, 

;fy} cGo ljleGg ;+3;+:yfsf JolQmTjx?, o'jfx?, 

dlxnfx?, kqsf/x? cflb klg ;xefuL x'g]5g\ . 

ljleGg b]zsf /fi6« k|d'v / xfd|f k|wfgdGqLaLr 

e]63f6, pgLx?aLr Pstf, ;Ddfg, ;b\efj / 

z'esfdgfsf] cfbfgk|bfg;d]t x'g] 5 . 

o; ;Dd]ngn] ko{6g Jofj;fo, cfly{s kIf / 

cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/df s]–s:tf] k|efj kfb{5 < 

d'Vo s'/f t ;Dd]ngsf] rxnkxnn] 

g]kfnsf] ahf/df w]/} Jofkf/ Jof;fo x'g]5 . 

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d"n gf/f …;d[4 g]kfn M ;'vL 

g]kfnLÚ nfO{ k'/f u/fpg ljleGg lb3{sfnLg 

gLltx? cjnDjg u/fpg klg o; lzv/ 

;Dd]ngn] hf]8 lbg] 5 . ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL 

x'g cfpg'x'g] /fHo / ;/sf/ k|d'vsf] k|ltlglw 

d08ndf ljb]zL nufgLstf{ tyf pBdLx¿ 

;d]t 5g . pgLx?n] oxfF Jofj;flos 

nufgLsf] cj;/;d]t vf]Hg]5g . ;xefuL 

pBf]uklt / Jofkf/Lx?n] g]kfnsf pBf]uL 

Jofj;foLx?;Fu k/fdz{ ug]{5g / pxfFx?n] 

cfkm\gf] nufgL ;'/lIft 7fg]df g]kfndf dgUo 

nufgL ug]{5g . To;n] ubf{ g]kfnsf] cfly{s 

Pj+ ef}lts ljsf;nfO{ klg ;sf/fTds k|efj 

kfb{5 . ;fy}, ljZjsf ljleGg b]zsf ljlzi7 

kfpgfx?;Fu} ToxfFsf ;+rf/ dfWodx?af6 

al/i7 kqsf/x?sf] klg ;xeflutf x'g] ePsf]n] 

g]kfnsf] ljljw ko{6sLo ;'Gb/tf, zflGtb"t 

a'4sf] hGde"ld n'lDagL, ljZjsf] ;jf]{Rr lzv/ 

;u/dfyf / ;f+:s[lts Pj+ hftLo ljljwtfx? 

cGt/f{li6«o ;+rf/ hutdf km}lng] 5 / ljZjaf6 

g]kfn cfpg] ko{6sx?sf] ;+Vof a9\g] 5 . o;n] 

;/sf/sf] lelh6 g]kfn–@)@) nfO{ klg d2t 

k'Ug] 5 . t;y{, of] ;Dd]ngn] g]kfnO{ kmfOb}– 

kmfObf k'¥ofpF5 . 

cGtdf s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 < 

o:tf] lzv/ ;Dd]ng g]kfndf x'g' g} 

;a}eGbf uf}/jk"0f{ s'/f xf] . Plzof Kofl;lkms 

/ ljZj :t/d} zflGt, efOrf/f, ;lxi0f'tf, 

;d[l4 / ljsf; clej[l4 ug]{ clek|fon] 

cfof]lht Plzof Kofl;lkms ;Dd]ngdf ;a} If]q 

/ ;d'bfonfO{ ;lqmo ?kdf ;xefuL x'g;d]t 

d]/f] xflb{s cfu|x 5 . ;Dd]ngn] g]kfnnfO{ 

ljZj dfglrqdf gofF 9+un] lrgfpg] ePsf]n] 

xfdL ;a} ldn]/ o;nfO{ ;kmn agfpg nflu 

k/f}+ eGg] cg'/f]w ug{ rfxG5' .

{ 

{ 

@)&% d+l;/ !# ut], laxLaf/ 


;DkfbsLo 

sfof{Gjogd} z+sf 

;/sf/n] d+unaf/ gofF o'usf] z'?jft ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/\of] . 

nfvfF} >ldsnfO{ ;fdflhs Gofosf] k|Tofe"lt u/fpg d+unaf/b]lv 

of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs ;'/Iff of]hgf nfu" u/];Fu} g]kfn gofF 

o'udf k|j]z u/]sf] ;/sf/L pb\3f]ifn] w]/}df pT;fx hufPsf] 5 . 

k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] pQm of]hgf z'ef/De ub}{ x'Fbf vfg] / 

x'g] vfg], /f]huf/Ldf /x]sf / u'dfPsf jf gePsf ;a} gful/snfO{ 

;d]6\b} l;ª\uf] g]kfnL ;dfh Pp6f gofF o'utkm{ k|j]z u/]sf] atfPsf 

5g\ . cf]nLn] eg]em}+ e/÷ce/df ;'/Iff lbg] / >d u/]jfkt 

plrt kfl/>lds lbg] /fHo lgoGq0fsf/L ;+:yf dfq} geO{ cfgf 

gful/ssf] cleefjs /fHo aGg ;s] gful/sn] /fHosf] cg'e'lt 

ub{5g . of] sfo{qmdn] ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sfnfO{ …dfg / dfgf]Ú b'j} 

lbg] t/ cGo ;]jfdf /x]sfnfO{ a]jf:tf ul/g] k|rngnfO{ ;'wfg]{ 5 

eg] >dsf] ;Ddfg ug{ / a}nfO{ >ddf nfUg pTk|]l/t;d]t ug]{5 . 

of]hgf nfu" eP;Fu} >ldsn] cf}ifwf]krf/, :jf:Yo tyf 

dft[Tj ;'/Iff, b'3{6gf, czQm ;'/Iff, cfl>t kl/jf/ ;'/Iff / 

j[4fj:yf ;'/Iff of]hgfg';f/sf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|fKt ug]{5g\ .pQm 

of]hgfadf]lhd nfdf] ;do of]ubfg u/]sf >ldsn] cfhb]lv …l/Qf] 

xftÚ 3/ kms{g'kg]{ cj:yf cGTo ePsf] 5 eg] lglZrt cjlw ;]jf 

u/]kl5 pgLx¿n] lgj[lQe/0f -k]G;g_ ;d]t kfpg] jftfj/0f klg 

ag]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] pT;js} ?kdf lnPsf] of] of]hgf ljz]if u/L 

sfdbf/sf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf nflu xf], ;f]xL sf/0f /f]huf/bftfnfO{ 

;d]t o;leq Nofpg] qmd ;'? ul/;lsPsf] 5 . o;df ;xefuL x'g 

#! k|ltzt /sd sf]ifdf hDdf ug{ 'kg]{5, h'g eg]sf] sfdbf/sf] 

tnaaf6 !! k|ltzt sfl6g]5 eg] sfdbf/sf] Go"gtd tnasf] @) 

k|ltzt /sd /f]huf/bftfn] lbg'kg]{5 . ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] h:t} 

lghL If]qsf dhb'/÷>ldsx?n] klg ca ^) jif{ k"/f ePkl5 k]G;g, 

cjsfz ;'ljwf / eOk/L cfpg] 36gfdf cfly{s ;'ljwf kfpg]5g\ . 

sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sdsf] ! k|ltzt :jf:Yof]krf/, !=$ k|ltzt 

b'3{6gf, )=@& k|ltzt cfl>t kl/jf/ ;'/Iff of]hgf tyf @*=## 

k|ltzt j[4fj:yf ;'/Iff of]hgfsf] nflu vr{ ul/g]5 . To;/L 

hDdf x'g] /sddf klg sfd ug]{sf] Go"gtd kfl/>ldssf] !) k|ltzt 

/f]huf/bftfn] ;~rosf]ifafkt, *=## k|ltzt pkbfgafkt / sfd 

ug]{n] hDdf ug]{ !) k|ltzt u/L @*=## k|ltzt /sd j[4fj:yf ;'/Iff 

of]hgfdf vr{ ul/g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . 

klxnf]k6s o:tf] >ldsd}qL ;]jf;'ljwf lbg nfluPsf] sf/0f 

;/sf/n] o;nfO{ 7"n} tfdemfd;fy k|rf/k|;f/ u/]sf] 5 . >lds 

/ /f]huf/bftfaf6 sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd ck'u x'gk'u] ;/sf/n] 

ah]6dfkm{t g} cfjsf] ;'?df ck'u k};f cg'bfg:j?k sf]ifnfO{ lbg] 

hgfOPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff of]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw 

@)&% agfP/} o;sf] ;'?jft u/]sf] xf] . o;cl3 cl3Nnf] jif{ g} 

;fdflhs ;'/Iff P]g /fi6«kltaf6 k|df0fLs/0f eO{ hf/L ul/Psf] 

lyof] . sf]ifdf of]ubfgstf{n] lgod, sfo{ljlwadf]lhdsf ;]jf;'ljwf 

kfpg]5g\ . o;sf] k|d'v kIf /x]sf] lghL If]qn];d]t ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 

of]hgf :jfut u/]sf]n] o;sf] sfof{Gjogdf ljZj:t x'g ;lsg] cfzf 

knfPsf] 5 . >ldssf] eljio / pBf]usf] nufgLsf] ;'lglZrt x'g] 

ePkl5 lghL If]qn] of]hgfsf] :jfut ub{} g]kfnn] >d If]qdf gofF 

o'u k|j]z u/]sf] atfPsf] lghL If]q o;df s;/L ;xefuL x'G5 To;n] 

g} o;sf] ;kmntf–c;kmntf lgwf{/0f x'G5 . ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf] 

;+ljwfgsf] wf/f, $# df df}lns xscGtu{t /x]sf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 

xsnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu;d]t ;fdlhs ;'/Iff of]hgf NofPsf] 

5 . h;sf] ;Ddfg ug'{ ;a}sf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . o;af6 sf]xL k/ 

efUg ldNb}g . ;/sf/n] ;a} kIfnfO{ o;sf ;xefuL u/fP/ cl3 

a9g ;s] o;n] kSs} klg ;kmntf xfl;n ug]{5 . w]/}h;f] ;/sf/L 

sfo{qmd / of]hgfdf b]lvPsf c;kmn glh/x?sf sf/0f clxn] of] 

sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogdf klg cfz+sf b]lvPsf x'g\ . o;df ;a}sf] 

Wofg k'uf]; . 

/flzkmn 

d]if 

j[if 

ldy'g 

ss{6 

l;+x 

sGof 

t'nf 

j[lZrs 

wg' 

ds/ 

s'De 

dLg 

Hof]= k+= s]bf/k|;fb e08f/L 

(*$!(##)$%÷(*!*#@%&#% 

sLlt{k'/, sf7df8f}+ 

k|efj a9\g] 

emd]nf ckh; 

ckJoo, tgfj 

sfo{ ;kmn 

;Ddfg k|fKtL 

si6 b'Mv 

nfedf a[l4 

dgf]/~hg k|flKt 

glag sfo{ aGg] 

eo lrGtf 

ckJoo 

:km'lt{ a9\g] 

cg'/f]w 

xfd|f] k|of; tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf] nflu/x]sf] 5 < tkfO{sf u'gf;f], cfnf]rgf 

/ ;'emfjn] hg;jfnnfO{ :t/Lo aGg / ;xL af6f]df lxF8\g ;xof]u ug]{5 . 

To;}n] xfdL tkfO{+sf] /rgfTds cfnf]rgf / cd"No ;'emfjsf] ck]Iff 

u5f}{+, s[kof n]v]/ xfdLnfO{ k7fpg'xf];\ . n]Vg'xf];\, d'n'ssf ;d;fdlos 

36gfqmdk|ltsf] cfk\mgf] k|ltlqmof, n]v /rgf;Fu} cfk\mgf] :ki6 kl/ro / 

tl:a/ klg tnsf] 7]ugfdf k7fpg' xf]nf . 

E-mail : janasawalnews@gmail .com 

;'g;/Lsf] /fdWjgL gu/kflnsf 

% d';x/LsL dlgiff d';x/sf $ hgf 

;Gtfg 5g\ . ltg 5f]/L / Ps 5f]/fsL 

cfdf dlgiffnfO{ kl/jf/ kfNg wf} wf} 

5 . pgsf >Ldfg\ 6\ofS6/ rnfp5g\ . 

5f]/f5f]/Lsf] nfngkfngd} dlgiffsf] lbg 

laT5 . v]tLkftLsf gfddf ;fgf] af/L 

afx]s 5}g . ca aRrf hGdfpg] pgsf] 

rfxgf 5}g . pgsf >Ldfg holj/ d';x/ 

klg aRrf hGdfpg] d'8df 5}gg . To;}n] 

pgLx?n] kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwg k|of]u 

ug]{ ;xdtL u/]sf 5g\ . 5f]/f5f]/L kfNg 

d'l:sn x'g yfn]kl5 dfq holj/ kl/jf/ 

lgof]hgsf ;fwg k|of]u ug{ /fhL ePsf 

x'g . pgLx?sf nflu eg] h:tf] kl/jf/ 

lgof]hgsf ;fwg k|of]u ug{ ;xh eg] 5}g . 

d';x/ ;dfhdf kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgsf] 

k|of]u ug'{ clxn] klg cgf}7f] laifo xf] . 

d';x/ ;dfhdf hlt aRrf hGd]klg 

x'G5 eGg] k/Dk/f k"0f{ ?kdf x6\g ;s]sf] 

5}g . csf]{lt/ s08d lng pgLx? cem} 

nhfpg] u5{g . t/ kl5Nnf lbgdf d';x/x? 

klg kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwg k|lt cfslif{t 

x'b} uO/x]sf 5g\ . To;df klg k'?if eGbf 

dlxnf cufl8 b]lvPsf 5g\ . d';x/ nufot 

u|fld0f If]qsf jfl;GbfnfO{ nlIft u/]/ g]kfn 

kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3n] ;'g;/Lsf] em'Dsfdf 

kl/jf/ em'Dsf ;fd'bflos kl/jf/ lgof]hg 

lSnlgs :yfkgf u/]l5 pgLx? kl/jf/ 

lgof]hgsf ;fwgx?k|lt a9L cfslif{t ePsf 

x'g\ . hlt sd aRrfaRrL eP Tolt g} 

pgLx?sf] /]vb]v / kfngkf]if0f ug{ ;lhnf] 

x'g] ePsfn] kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgk|lt 

cfslif{t ePsf] dlgiffsf] cg'ej 5 . ;'g}gf 

d';x/ klg >Ldfgsf nflu cfkm} s08d 

dfUg cfpl5g . ;'? ;'?df >Ldfgn] s08d 

nufpg gdfg] klg cfkm"n] ;DemfP a'emfP 

kl5 clxn] /fhL ePsf] pgL atfpl5g . 

…nf]Ug]sf] hft xf], ;lhn} t sxfF dfG5g / < 

t/ ;DemfP kl5 clxn] x'G5 eG5 .Ú pgL 

s08d k|of]usf laifodf v'n]/} elG5g . 

kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3n] laut ^ jif{b]lv 

em'Dsfdf lSnlgs rnfO{/x]sf] 5 . 

:jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df lgz'Ns kfOg] 

s08d dfUg d';x/ k'?ifn] nfh dfGg] u/]sf 

5g . k'?ifn] s08d dfu]/ Nofpg nfh 

dfGg yfn]kl5 d';x/ dlxnf g} :jf:Yo 

;+:yfdf uP/ >Ldfgsf nflu s08d dfu]/ 

Nofpg yfn]sf 5g\ . Tof] ;d'bfodf of] 

ljrf/ 

>Ldfg\sf nflu s08d dfUb} d';x/ dlxnf 

Hofd?ssf]6 dNnsfnb]lv g} k|fs[lts 

?kn] cToGt ;'Gb/, ;fdl/s ?kn] ;'/lIft 

/ cfly{s ?kn] ;DKfGg /fHo lyof] . o:tf] 

/fHodf c? /fhfsf] cfFvf kg'{ / cfqmd0f 

u/]/ lhTg vf]Hg' Tolta]nfsf] /fhgLlts 

dfGotf g} lyof] / Tof] :jfefljs klg . 

lj;+ !%&@ df Hofd?ssf]6sf clGtd 

dNn /fhf elt{ad dNNfnfO{ cfkm\g} ;f}ltnf 

bfh' tTsfnLg dNnfhL /fhf l8Daad 

dNnn] cfqmd0f u/]/ Hofd?ssf]6 sAhf 

ug{ vf]Hbf …lbP klg vfGg, wkfP klg 

hfGg, Hofg uP hfnf, Hofd?ssf]6 

5f]8\lbgÚ eg]/ c8\8L lnP . /fhf elt{adn] 

cfkm\gf] ulj{nf] /fHo 5f]8\g st} tof/ 

ePgg\ . kmntM Hofd?ssf]6 xTofpg bfh' 

l8Daadn] efO elt{adsf] xTof u/] . 

clxn] ;do km]l/Psf] 5 . b]zdf 

7"N7"nf /fhgLlts kl/jt{g eP . /fhtGqsf] 

cGTo;Fu} u0ftGqsf] pbo eof] . u0ftGq;Fu} 

;ª\3Lotf cfof] . cfkm\g} dftxt /x]sf 

;|f]tx¿af6 cfDbfgL ug' {kg]{ cj:yf :yfgLo 

;/sf/dfly cfOk/]sf] 5 . oBlk, ko{6g 

/ k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf] Hofd?ssf]6nfO{ 

gu/kflnsf / j8fn] cfDbfgLsf] dfWod 

agfpg cem} ;s]sf 5}gg\ . DofUbLsf] a]gL 

gu/kflnsf–@ df cjl:yt ko{6sLo, h}ljs 

/ ;fF:s[lts ;Defjgf af]s]sf] P]ltxfl;s 

/ k'/ftflTjs :yn Hofd?ssf]6 s]Gb|sf] 

pk]Iff / :yfgLo txsf] pbf;Lgtfsf sf/0f 

cf]em]ndf kb}{cfPsf] 5 . 

;b/d'sfd a]gLahf/b]lv 

s/Lj $ lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/Ldf cjl:yt 

Hofd?ssf]6df ko{6snfO{ cfsif{0f 

ug{;Sg] k|z:t ;Defjgfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . 

Hofd?ssf]6sf] sf]68fF8f]af6 wf}nflul/, 

lgnlul/, cGgk"0f{, df5fk'R5«] nufot !% 

j6f eGbf a9L lxdz[ª\vnf, wf}nflul/ 

/ u08sL If]qsf #) j6f eGbf a9L 

ufpFx¿, ;"of]{bo, u|fdL0f hghLjg / 

;b/d'sfd a]gLahf/sf ;fy} DofUbL gbL 

/ sfnLu08sLsf] gfua]nL b[Zo lgofNg 

;lsG5 . Hofd?ssf]6sf] Oltxf; !%cfF}+ 

ztfJbLsf] lj/f;t;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . 

gf}nf] s'/f xf] . o:tf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof 

s]xL aif{ otf a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn 

kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3sf] em'Dsf ;fd'bflos 

lSnlgssf >Ldfgsf nflu s08d dfUg 

cfpg] dlxnfsf] ;+Vof x\jfQ} a9]sf] 

lSnlgssf OGrfh{ OZj/ rf}w/L atfp5g . 

pgsf cg';f/ lbgdf !) b]lv !% hgf 

d';x/ dlxnf >Ldfgsf nflu s08d dfUg 

cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . >Ldfg\n] lSnlgsdf 

cfP/ s08d dfUg nfh dfGg] u/]sfn] 

cfkm"x? g} cfpg yfn]sf] pgLx?n] atfpg] 

u/]sf 5g\ . s08d kfPkl5 pgLx? v'zL 

x'b} 3/ hfg] u/]sf 5g\ . s08dsf] k|of]u 

u/]kl5 ue{ ga:g] ePsfn] pgLx? s08d 

lng cfkm} cfpg] u/]sf x'g . 

s]xL dlxnfn] lkN; rSsL 

klg n}hfg] u/]sf] OGrfh{ rf}w/L 

kGw|f}F ztfJbLsf] k|f/De;Fu} yfkfx¿n] 

/fHo ug{ yfn]kl5 cl:tTjdf cfPsf] xf] 

Hofd?ssf]6 . oxfF /x]sf] -v8\uejfgL 

sf]t_ sf b'n{e xftxltof/ / clen]vx¿n] 

o; 7fpFsf] P]ltxfl;s dxTjnfO{ :ki6;Fu 

plhNofpF5 . o; sf]tdf %&$ jif{ klxn]sf 

dNn / yfkf /fhfx¿sf clen]v /x]sf 

5g\ . 

Hofd?ssf]6df lj;+ !@$^ b]lv 

!%$% ;Dd yfkfx¿n] /fHo u/]sf lyP . 

lj;+ !%$% sf] ebf} dlxgfdf yfkfx¿sf] 

k'Vof{}nL ynf] dflgPsf] tfsd l8Daadn] 

sAhf u/]kl5 Hofd?ssf]6, k'nfrf}/, s'x" 

/ /fv'sf yfkf /fhfx¿n] cfÏgf] vfOkfO{ 

cfPsf] /fHo 5f]8]/ dNn /fhfx¿sf dGqL 

/ ;]gfklt ag]sf / yfkf /fHosf] cGTo 

ePsf] Oltxf; /x]sf] a]gL gu/kflnsf–@ 

Hofd?ssf]6sf j8fWoIf xL/faxfb'/ 

yfkfn] atfpg'eof] . :yfgLo lgsfo nfdf] 

;do;Dd hgk|ltlglwljxLg /xFbf ;Defjgf 

x' Fbfx'Fb} klg of] 7fpFsf] ljsf; x'g ;s]g . 

j8fWoIf yfkfn] cfÏgf] klxnf] k|fyldstf 

o; If]qsf ko{6sLo :ynx¿sf] k|j4{g 

/x]sf] atfpg'eof] . 

ævj/fsf] nEnL lxnnfO{ ko{6sLo 

cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb| agfpg] d]/f] klxnf] 

k|fyldstf xf],Æ yfkfn] eGg'eof]– 

kbd/fh hf]zL 

d';x/sf laifodf nfdf] ;dob]lv cWoog ul//xg' 

ePsf /fhs'df/ dxtf]sf cg';f/ df]/ª / ;'g;/Lsf 

d';x/ ;d'bfosf :jf:Yo r]tgf s]xL a9]sf] kfOP klg 

cem} k|b]z gDa/ @ sf u|fld0f b'u{d a:tLsf d';x/ 

a:tLdf r]tgf la:tf/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . pgLx?sf] jlu{o 

pTyfgsf nflu ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] 

nufgL cfjZos /x]sf] dxtf] atfp5g . @)^* sf] hg 

u0fgf cg';f/ g]kfndf sl/j # nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf 

d';x/ 5g . t/ pgLx?sf cu'jf o;nfO{ dfGg tof/ 

5}gg . pgLx?sf cg';f/ sl/j ^ nfv eGbf a9L d';x/ 

g]kfnsf ljleGg lhNnfdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf 5g . 

atfpF5g\ . kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgsf] 

kx"r / pknAwtf a9]kl5 pgLx?sf] 

kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof la:tf/} 36\b} uO/x]sf] 

kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3 ;'g;/Lsf k|jGws 

s'df/ sfsL{ atfp5g\ . w]/} aRrf hGdfpbf 

cfO{kg]{ ;d:ofsf] e'Qmef]uL dlxnf a9L 

x'g] ePsfn] / kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf laifodf 

hgr]tgf la:tf/ ePsfn] dlxnf g} s08d 

lng cfpg] yfn]sf] sfsL{sf] 7DofO{ 5 . 

kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgsf sf/0f ;fgf] 

kl/jf/ x'g yfn]kl5 d';x/ a:tLdf ld7f] 

vfg] / /fd|f] nufpg]sf] ;+Vof a9\b} uO/x]sf] 

5 . lzIff / :jf:Yosf] Go'gtd ;'ljwfaf6 

;d]t alGrt ePsf d';x/sf afnaflnsf 

clxn] :s'n k9\g yfn]sf 5g\ . :jf:Yo ;]jf 

lng klg pgLx? ;/sf/L :jf:Yo ;+:yf k'Ug] 

u/]sf 5g\ . ghlGdg] ;fg} pd]/df laafx 

…Tof];Fu} P]ltxfl;s, k'/ftflTjs / wfld{s 

dxTjsf] v8\u ejfgL sf]tdf klg k"jf{wf/ 

ljsf; u/L ko{6sLo If]q agfpg kxn 

x'g]5 .Æ s/Lj % /f]kgL If]qkmndf /x]sf] 

o; :yfgdf yfkf / dNn /fhfx¿sf] 

tfd|kqdf cª\lst clen]v, tf]k, v'F8f, 

t/af/nufotsf xftxltof/, k|frLg lznf 

/ O{+§f, vhfgf n'sfpg] 7fpF / kfgLsf 

nflu agfOPsf] /fhs'jf clxn] c:tJo:t 

cj:yfdf /x]sf 5g\ . 

sf]68fF8f];Dd df]6/af6f]sf] ;'ljwf x'g] 

/ ToxfF Pp6f Eo" 6fj/ lgdf{0f u/]/ To; 

If]qsf] ko{6sLo / k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf af/]df 

k|rf/k|;f/ ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] cGgk"0f{ / 

wf}nflul/ If]qsf] e|d0fsf nflu a]gL cfPsf 

@% k|ltzt ko{6sx¿ ToxfF k'Ug ;Sg] 

:yfgLo a'l4hLjL Pj+ v8\uejfgL sf]t 

;+/If0f Pj+ u'7L Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf 

/fds[i0f l3ld/]n] atfpg'x'G5 . æes'08];Dd 

k'u]sf] df]6/af6f]nfO{ es'08]b]lv s/Lj 

! lsnf]ld6/ b"/Ldf /x]sf] sf]68fF8f];Dd 

k'¥ofpg / @÷$ j6f :t/Lo xf]6n Pjd\ 

/]i6'/fF lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] ;of}+ ljb]zL 

ko{6s lxdfn, gbL, ufpF / ;"of]{bosf] 

cjnf]sg ug{ oxfF cfpg ;S5g\,Æ l3ld/]n] 

eGg'eof] . 

To;}u/L, Hofd?ssf]6 

ug]{ d';x/x? clxn] afn ljjfxsf] k/Dk/f 

5f]8\g yfn]sf 5g\ . klxn] & . * ;Gtfg 

hGdfpg] d';x/ clxn] # b]lv $ aRrf dfq 

hGdfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . afn ljjfx /f]lsP 

klg afnd[To' / dft[ d[To'df klg sld 

cfPsf] 5 . 

sn]h k9\g] d';x/ o'jtLx?n] afn 

ljjfxsf a]kmfObf / kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf 

kmfObfsf laifodf hgr]tgf la:tf/ ug] 

u/]sfn] pgLx?sf] cfsif{0f kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf 

;fwg tkm{ a9]sf] xf] . d';x/ a:tLdf cfPsf] 

of] ::jf:Yo r]tgfnfO{ 7"nf] pknAwL ePsf] 

of}g tyf k|hgg :jf:Yosf nfdf] ;dob]lv 

sfo{/t ;'g;/Lsf lrlsT;s 8f= dx]Zj/ 

ofbj atfp5g . ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L 

;+:yfx?n] a]nf a]nfdf d';x/ a:tLdf ug] 

:jf:Yo l;lj/x?df klg pgLx?n] :jf:Yo 

hfr u/fpg rf;f] lbg yfn]sf 5g\ . 8f= 

ofbjsf cg';f/ d';x/ ;d'bfo k5fl8 kg' {sf] 

sf/0f :jf:Yo r]tgfsf] cefj klg k|d'v 

sf/0f xf] . w]/} aRrf hGdfpg] rngsf 

sf/0f pgLx?sf] zfl//Ls, cfly{s / ;dflhs 

cj:yf sdhf]/ ag]sf] 8f= ofbjsf] 7DofO{ 

5 . slnn} pd]/df ljjfx ug] {, kl/jf/ 

lgof]hgsf ;fwg k|of]u gug] { / aif] {gL aRrf 

hGdfpbf kl/jf/ kfNg} d'l:ns x'g] ePsfn] 

pgLx?n] kl/jf/ kfNg afx]s cGtlt/ Wofg 

lbg} g;s]sf x'g . 

kl5Nnf jif{sf s]xL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? 

/ ;/sf/n] klg d';x/sf] pTyfgdf s]xL 

sfo{qmd n}hfg yfn]kl5 pgLx?sf] cj:yfdf 

;'wf/ cfpg yfn]sf] 5 . d';x/sf laifodf 

nfdf] ;dob]lv cWoog ul//xg' ePsf 

/fhs'df/ dxtf]sf cg';f/ df]/ª / ;'g;/Lsf 

d';x/ ;d'bfosf :jf:Yo r]tgf s]xL a9]sf] 

kfOP klg cem} k|b]z gDa/ @ sf u|fld0f 

b'u{d a:tLsf d';x/ a:tLdf r]tgf la:tf/ 

x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . pgLx?sf] jlu{o pTyfgsf 

nflu ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] nufgL 

cfjZos /x]sf] dxtf] atfp5g . @)^* sf] 

hg u0fgf cg';f/ g]kfndf sl/j # nfvsf] 

xf/fxf/Ldf d';x/ 5g . t/ pgLx?sf cu'jf 

o;nfO{ dfGg tof/ 5}gg . pgLx?sf cg';f/ 

sl/j ^ nfv eGbf a9L d';x/ g]kfnsf 

ljleGg lhNnfdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf 5g . h] 

xf]; ;'g;/Lsf d';x/ a:tLsf d';x/x?df 

cfPsf] :jf:Yo r]tn] lglZro klg d';x/ 

;d'bfosf] lhjg:t/df ;'wf/ x'g] ck]Iff ug{ 

;lsG5 . 

plhNofpg] kvf{Odf P]ltxfl;s :yn Hofd?ssf]6 

w'|j;fu/ zdf{ 

Hofd?ssf]6sf] v8\u ejfgL sf]tdf /x]sf k'/fgf xftxltof/x¿sf] plrt 

;+/If0f x'g g;Sbf v'F8f, v's'/L, efnf, t/af/, 9fnnufotsf cf}hf/x¿df 

lvof nfu]sf] 5 . sf]6 kl/;/ o'jfo'jtLx¿sf] lqm8f:yn / s]xL 6f7fjf7fx¿sf] 

JolQmut ;DklQh:t} ag]sf] :yfgLo afl;Gbf ofdjxfb'/ sfsL{sf] u'gf;f] 5 . 

lhNnf ;b/d'sfd a]gLahf/b]lv $ lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/Ldf /x]sf] eP klg s;}n] 

Wofg lbg g;Sbf klZrd g]kfns} Ps P]ltxfl;s :yn u'dgfd /xg k'u]sf] ch{g 

dflj es'08]sf k|wfgfWofks lzjs'df/ vqLn] atfpg'eof] . v8\u ejfgL 

dlGb/ kl/;/df s]xL ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ul/lbg] xf] eg] jif]{gL ;of}+ ko{6s 

ToxfF k'Ug ;S5g\ . 

h}ljs ljljwtfn] klg ;DkGg /x]sf] 5 . 

æk|fª\ufl/s v]tL, 7"nfvf]nfaf6 NofOPsf] 

lr;f] kfgL, ljleGg kIfL, dx, e6df;, 

sfnf]bfn, :yfgLo hftsf v;L, s'v'/f 

/ xfF;, lra], sflnh / ltqf], jg 9's'/ 

/ jg s'v'/f], t?n, Eofs'/ / zv/v08 

oxfF k|z:t dfqfdf kfOG5g\ . h}, sf]bf]af6 

agfOg] ljleGg kl/sf/x¿n] klg oxfFsf] 

klxrfgnfO{ emNsfpF5g\ . a|fXd0f, If]qL, 

7s'/L, s'Fj/, rd{sf/, ljs, bhL{, u'?ª, 

du/nufotsf hfthfltx¿sf] a;f]af; 

/x]sf] of] 7fpF ;fF:s[lts ljljwtfn] el/k"0f{ 

5 . Hofd?ssf]6sf] uf]Zjf/f ufpFdf 

cjl:yt /fwfs[i0f dlGb/df k|To]s jif{ s[i0f 

hGdfi6dL kj{df nufOg] d]nf o; If]qsf] 

k|d'v d]nf xf] . kfFr lbg;Dd ;~rfng x'g] 

of] d]nfdf DofUbL, afun'ª, kj{t, :ofª\hf, 

sf:sLnufotsf lhNnfx¿af6 v]nf8L / 

snfsf/x¿ ;xefuL x'g cfpg] ub{5g\ . 

d]nfdf ljleGg hfthfltn] cfÏgf] hftLo 

klxrfgsf emnsx¿ b]vfpg], g[Tox¿ 

k|:t't ug]{ / ;fdflhs ;b\efjnfO{ sfod 

ug]{ vfnsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ 

u/]sf] /fwfs[i0f o'jf Snasf ;Nnfxsf/ 

s[i0faxfb'/ sfsL{n] atfpg'eof] . 

Hofd?ssf]6sf] v8\u ejfgL sf]tdf 

/x]sf k'/fgf xftxltof/x¿sf] plrt 

;+/If0f x'g g;Sbf v'F8f, v's'/L, efnf, 

t/af/, 9fnnufotsf cf}hf/x¿df lvof 

nfu]sf] 5 . sf]6 kl/;/ o'jfo'jtLx¿sf] 

lqm8f:yn / s]xL 6f7fjf7fx¿sf] JolQmut 

;DklQh:t} ag]sf] :yfgLo afl;Gbf 

ofdjxfb'/ sfsL{sf] u'gf;f] 5 . lhNnf 

;b/d'sfd a]gLahf/b]lv $ lsnf]ld6/sf] 

b"/Ldf /x]sf] eP klg s;}n] Wofg lbg 

g;Sbf klZrd g]kfns} Ps P]ltxfl;s 

:yn u'dgfd /xg k'u]sf] ch{g dflj 

es'08]sf k|wfgfWofks lzjs'df/ vqLn] 

atfpg'eof] . v8\u ejfgL dlGb/ kl/;/df 

s]xL ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ul/lbg] xf] 

eg] jif]{gL ;of}+ ko{6s ToxfF k'Ug ;S5g\ . 

o;sf nflu ca :yfgLo ;/sf/n] l9nf] 

gu/L kxnsbdL lng'kg]{ vfFrf] 5 .

tLg ;|f]tJolQmsf] 

e/df cf7 :yfgLo tx 

• hg;jfn ;+jfbbftf 

b'g}– b'u{d lhNnf 8f]Nkfsf 

:yfgLo txsf lzIffkmfF6 

;|f]tJolQmsf e/df rNb} 

cfPsf 5g\ . lhNnfsf cf7j6} 

:yfgLo txdf b/aGbLcg';f/ 

sd{rf/Lsf] kbk"lt{ gePkl5 

tLghgf ;|f]tJolQmsf e/df 

lzIffkmfF6 rNb} cfPsf x'g\ . 

lqk'/f ;'Gb/L, 7"nLe]/L 

gu/fkflnsf, sfOs], 8f]Nkf] 

a'4, z]kmf]S;'G8f], 5fsf{tfª;f]ª, 

hub'Nnf, d'8\s]r'nf ufpFkflnsf 

tLghgf ;|f]tJolQmsf] e/df 

rNb} cfPsf 5g\ . 

sd{rf/Lsf] gfddf 

tNnf] 8f]Nkfdf kg]{ d'8\s]r'nf 

ufpFkflnsfdf Pshgf k|fljlws 

;xfos sfo{/t 5g\ . ljBfno 

lg/LIfssf] kbk"lt{ eg] ePsf] 

5}g . k|To]s :yfgLo txdf 

Ps hgf ljBfno lg/LIfs / 

k|fljlws ;xfossf] b/aGbL 

clgjfo{ eP klg cem} kbk"lt{ 

x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . hgtfnfO{ 

k|ToIf?kdf ;/sf/sf] k|Tofe"lt 

lbnfpg u7g ul/Psf :yfgLo 

txdf sd{rf/L cefj ePkl5 

lzIff;DaGwL sfdsfh ug{ lgs} 

;d:of ePsf] 5 . 

æ;DalGwt kmfF6jfnf 

sd{rf/L gx'Fbf lzIffsf sfdsfh 

ug{ ;d:of x'g'sf ;fy} Pshgf 

;|f]tJolQmn] gu/sf] lzIffkmfF6 

wfGg'kg]{ afWotf 5Æ, lqk'/f ;'Gb/L 

gu/kflnsfsf lgldQ sfo{sf/L 

clws[t g]q/fh lu/Ln] eg] . 

lzIffkmfF6df sd{rf/L cefj x'Fbf, 

lzIff of]hgf lgdf{0f, ljBfno 

lg/LIf0f, lhNnf:t/Lo k/LIff 

;~rfngh:tf y'k|} sfdsfh 

Ufg{ 7"nf] ;d:of ePsf] pgsf] 

egfO 5 . :yfgLo txdf 

ljBfno lg/LIfs / k|fljlws 

;xfossf] kbk"lt{ gx'Fbf ;Dk'0f{ 

sfdsfh PSn} wfGg'kg]{ afWotf 

/x]sf] lqk'/f ;'Gb/L gu/kflnsf 

;|f]tJolQm eLd w/nfn] hfgsf/L 

lbP . Psn] b'O{b]lv tLgj6f;Dd 

:yfgLo tx wfGg'kg]{ afWotf 

/x]sf] pgsf] egfO 5 . 

:yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg 

;DkGg ePsf] 8]9 jif{ 

lalt;Sbf;d]t sd{rf/L 

gk7fOPkl5 lhNnfsf Kf|To]s 

:yfgLo txn] lrQa'em\bf] t/Lsfn] 

sfd ug{ gkfPsf] lhNnf k|zf;g 

lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo 

PsfOn] hgfPsf] 5 . æKf|foM;a} 

:yfgLo tx ljBfno lg/LIfs 

/ k|fljlws ;xfosljxLg 5g\, 

d'8\s]r'nf ufpFkflnsfdf Pshgf 

k|fljlws ;xfosafx]s ;a} 

:yfgLo txdf sd{rf/L kbk"lt{sf] 

cj:yf z"Go 5Æ, lzIff ljsf; 

tyf ;dGjo PsfO k|d'v l;+x/fh 

8fFuLn] eg] . 

o;k6s sd{rf/L gx'Fbf 

k'; klxnf] ;ftf;Dd ;DkGg 

hLk b'3{6gfdf kfFrsf] d[To' 

b'Nn' -h;_– b}n]vsf] 

7f6LsfFw ufpFkflnsfdf ePsf] 

hLk b'3{6gfdf k/L kfFr hgfsf] 

d[To' ePsf] 5 . hLkdf ;jf/ 

cf7dWo] kfFr hgfsf] d[To' 

ePsf] xf] eg] tLg hgf uDeL/ 

3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . a'waf/ 

laxfg ;'v]{tb]lv 7f6LsfFw 

ufpFkflnsfsf] afxFfsf]6 

hfFb} u/]sf] e] ! r @@)& 

gDa/sf] af]n]/f] hLk 7f6LsfFwsf] 

kLknrf}tf/f wfdLufpF ghLs 

b'3{6gfdf kbf{ tLg hgfsf] 

36gf:ynd} d[To' ePsf] lyof] . 

36gf:ynd} d[To' x'g]df 7f6LsfFw 

– ! sf #) jifL{of lgd{n ad, 

j8f g+ @ sf ;jf/L rfns /d]z 

zfxL tyf j8f g+ # sf $& 

jifL{o /fh]Gb|axfb'/ zfxL 5g\ . 

d[ts /fh]Gb| g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf 

j8f ;efklt;d]t x'g\ . 

cGo b'O{sf] pkrf/sf nflu 

;'v]{t n}hfFb} ubf{ af6fdf d[To' 

ePsf] 7f6LsfFw k|x/Lrf}sLsf 

k|x/L ;xfos lg/LIfs ltns 

zfxn] hfgsf/L lbP . pgsf 

cg';f/ aLr af6fd d[To' x'g]df 

7f6LsfFw – # sf /Tgf zfxL / 

7f6LsfFw ! sf @* jifL{o ;dz]/ 

ad 5g\ . uDeL/ 3fOt] #) 

jifL{of o'4 ;"rL, 7f6LsfFw–$ sf 

lbnLk zfxL / @* jifL{o dgLif 

/f;sf]6LnfO{ pkrf/sf nflu 

;'v]{t k7fOPsf] 5 . 

hLk s/La #)) ld6/ tn 

v;]sf] k|x/L ;xfos lg/LIfs 

zfxn] hfgsf/L lbP . pgsf 

cg';f/ hLk b'3{6gfsf] d'Vo 

sf/0f v'Ng g;s] klg psfnf] 

;8sdf hLk cufl8 j9\g 

g;s]/ k5fl8tkm{ u'8]sf sf/0f 

b'3{6gf xf] . 

kfFr j6f j8f afnljjfxd'Qm 

/fhlj/fh -h;_– ;Kt/Lsf] ;?ª\u gu/kflnsfsf kfFr j6f 

j8fnfO{ dª\unaf/ j8f afnljjfxd'Qm 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . ;?ª\u 

gu/kflnsfl:yt /fk|lj sbdxfdf cfof]lht 3f]if0ff ;df/f]xdf j8f 

g+ @,$,^,& / * nfO{ afnljjfxd'Qm 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] xf] . ;an g]kfn, 

;]e b lrN8]«g / hgr]tgf blnt ;ª\udsf] ;xof]u tyf ;?ª\u 

gu/kflnsfsf] kxndf ;f] sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf 

;]e b lrN8]«gsf sfo{qmd c?0f dxtf], anfglax'n ufpFkflnsfsf 

k|d'v bofgGb uf]Ot, g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf g]tf /fd sdf/, ;]e b 

lrN8]«gsf sfo{qmd ;+of]hs /rgf yfkf, ;ansf lkmN8 clws[t 

/fw]Zofd /fd, pkfWoIf e"k]Gb| ;fxnufotn] ;/fxgLo sfo{ ePsf] 

eGb} z'esfdgf JoQm u/] . 

>LdtLsf] xTof ug]{ kqmfp 

uf}zfnf -h;_– cfkm\g} >LdtLsf] xTof ug]{ >LdfgnfO{ dxf]Q/L 

k|x/Ln] kfFr jif{kl5 kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . kqmfp kg]{df lhNnfsf] eª\ufxf 

gu/kflnsfsf] xl/0fd/L ufpF a:g] sf}znlszf]/ ;fx /x]sf] lhNnf 

k|x/L sfof{no dxf]Q/Lsf k|x/L pk/LIfs O{Zj/ sfsL{n] atfP . 

k|x/LSf cg';f/ kqmfp k/]sf ;fxn] @)&) ebf} !* ut] cfkm\g} 

>LdtL ;~h'b]jL ;fxsf] xTof u/L dxf]Q/Lsf] xl/0fd/L / wg'iffsf] 

l;g'/hf]/f ufpFsf] aLraf6 aUg] laUxL gbLdf df6f]d'lg uf8]sf lyP . 

cfkm\g} >LdtLnfO{ jLeT; xTof u/L km/f/ /x]sf ;fxn] ef/tsf] 

pdufFj zx/df !# dxLgf / stf/df #) dxLgf n's]/ sfd u/]sf 

lyP . !! dxLgfb]lv hgsk'/wfddf c6f] l/S;f rnfO/x]sf] cj:yfdf 

k|x/Ln] pgnfO{ kqmfp ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . 

l8h]n a/fdb 

uf}zfnf -h;_– dxf]Q/L k|x/Ln] lhNnfsf] ;D;L ahf/df cj}w 

?kdf laqmL ljt/0fsf nflu /flvPsf] ^)) ln6/ l8h]n a/fdb 

u/]sf] 5 . cflwsfl/s ?kdf k]6«f]n kDkdf laqmLljt/0f x'g] l8h]n 

sfnf]ahf/L u/L dxª\uf] d"Nodf a]Rg] p2]Zon] ahf/df /flvPsf] 

cj:yfdf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no dxf]Q/L, g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q 

k|x/Lsf] ;+o'Qm cg'udg 6f]nLn] ^)) ln6/ l8hn ;D;L ahf/af6 

a/fdb u/]sf] xf] . k]6«f]n kDkdf cefj /x]sf] a]nfdf sfnf]ahf/L 

u/L rsf]{ d"Nodf a]Rg] p2]Zosf ;fy ahf/df n'sfOl5kfO /fv]sf] 

cj:yfdf k|x/L k|zf;g;lxtsf] ahf/ cg'udg 6f]nLn] ;f] l8h]n 

a/fdb u/]sf] xf] . 

;DaGwljR5]bsf d'2f a9\b} 

wflbª -h;_– lhNnf cbfnt wflbªn] nIoeGbf a9L d'2f 

km};nf ub}{ # gDa/ k|b]zdf cAan lhNnf cbfnt ;fljt u/]sf] 

5 . xfn} ePsf] rf}dfl;s ;dLIffdf lhNnf cbfnt wflbªn] ut 

rf}dfl;sdf nIosf] t'ngfdf !^# k|ltzt d'2f km};nf u/]sf] xf] . 

ut rf}dfl;sdf lhNnf cbfntn] !#) yfg d'2f km};nf ug]{ nIo 

/fv]sf]df @!# yfg d'2f km};nf u/L d'2f km};nfdf b|'tult lbPsf] 

lhNnf cbfntsf ;|]:t]bf/ gj/fh bª\ufnn] atfP . 

;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ 

j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu 

xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ . 

lk; g]kfn cf]e/l;h k|f=ln= 

>d Ohfht g+= ^%*÷)^#÷)^$ 

wfkf;L, sf7df8f}+ 

kmf]g M )!–$#*@@%! 

df]km;n 

lnDa" efiff 

;/sf/L sfdsfhL efiff 

dª\unaf/] -h;_– g]kfnd} 

klxnf] k6s Onfdsf] dfª\;]a'ª 

ufpFkflnsfsf] nf¿Dafdf …lnDa" 

efiffÚnfO{ ;/sf/L sfdsfhL 

efiffsf ¿kdf k|of]udf Nofpg 

nfluPsf] 5 . lnDa" ;d'bfosf] 

afx'No /x]sf] ufpFkflnsf–%, 

nf¿Dafn] ;/sf/L sfdsfhL 

efiffsf ¿kdf lnDa" efiffnfO{ 

sfof{Gjog ug]{ j8fWoIf cWoIf 

g]/Gb| /fO{n] hfgsf/L lbP . j8fdf 

sfdsfhL efiffsf ¿kdf …lnDa" 

efiffÚ sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Dk"0f{ 

tof/L k"/f ePsf] j8fWoIf /fO{n] 

atfP . sfof{Gjogsf] cf}krfl/s 

3f]if0ff Onfd If]q g+ @ sf 

k|b]z;ef ;b:o wL/]Gb| zdf{n] 

ljxLaf/ ug]{ j8f sfof{non] 

hgfPsf] 5 . 

;ldltn] 

j8fdf bf]efif] sd{rf/L 

geP klg …lnDa" efiffÚ / 

…ls/fFt l;l/hª\3f lnlkÚ sf] 

cfwf/ If]q ePsfn] dfª\;]a'ªaf6} 

;/sf/L sfdsfhdf …lnDa" 

efiffÚ k|of]u ug]{ tof/L ul/Psf] 

j8fWoIf /fO{n] atfP . ut !% 

sflQsdf j8fdf a;]sf] ljleGg 

/fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglw, 

a'l4hLjL / ;ª\3;+:yfsf] ;+o'Qm 

a}7sn] g]kfnd} klxnf]k6s 

…lnDa" efiffÚ ;/sf/L sfdsfhL 

efiffsf ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ lg0f{o 

u/]sf] lyof] . 

æd}n] PSn}n] o:tf] lg0f{o 

u/]sf] xf]Og, :yfgLojf;L, 

a'l4hLjL tyf /fhgLlts bnsf] 

dlxnf lx+;fdf j[l4 

ug'{kg]{ cfwf/e"t tx -!–*_ / 

dfWoflds tx -(–!)_ sf] k/LIff 

;~rfng ug{ ;d:of ePsf] 

8fFuLn] atfP . ;DalGwt :yfgLo 

tx;Fu ;xsfo{ ub}{ ljBfnosf 

k|WffgfWofksx¿sf] e]nf /fv]/ 

lhNnf:t/Lo k/LIff ;~rfngsf] 

lhDdf lbOPsf] ;dGjo 

PsfOsf] egfO 5 . sd{rf/L 

cefjdf ljBfno lg/LIfsn] 

ug'{kg]{ k/LIff :f~rfngb]lv 

lg/LIf0f;Dd :yfgLo txdf 

sfo{/t vl/bf/b]lv gfoa 

;'Aafn] ug'{kg]{ afWotf /x]sf] 

:yfgLo txn] hgfPsf 5g\ . 

clwsf/ ;DkGg :yfgLo 

;/sf/sf] lgoldt sfdsfh 

sd{rf/L cefjsf sf/0f 

cGof]ndf kb}{ cfPsf] 7"nLe]/L 

gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v u0f]zaxfb'/ 

zfxLn] atfP . lhNnf:t/Lo 

k/LIff rnfpg] lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo 

txs} eP klg sd{rf/L gx'Fbf 

o;sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;d:of 

ePsf] zfxLsf] egfO 5 . 

;DalGwt kmfF6jfnf sd{rf/Lsf] 

cefjdf h]gt]g rnfOPsf] 

sfdsfh k|efjsf/L gx'g'sf 

;fy} bL3{sfnLg k|ltkmn;d]t 

gcfpg] ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] egfO 

5 . :yfgLo txdf lzIff;DaGwL 

x'g] sfdsfhnfO{ k|efjsf/L 

agfpg ;/sf/n] oyfzL3| 

sd{rf/L k7fpg'kg]{ 8f]Nkfsf 

:yfgLo txsf] dfu 5 . 

3f]/fxL -h;_– cfly{s jif{ 

@)&!÷&@ b]lv @)&$÷&% sf] 

dª\l;/ klxnf] ;ftf;Dd Ps 

xhf/ !)& j6f dlxnf lx+;fsf 

36gf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf 

btf{ ePsf 5g\ . anfTsf/, 

anfTsf/sf k|of;, ax'ljjfx, 

dfgj a]rlavg, 3/]n' lx+;f, 

cfTdxTof, ;fdflhs lx+;f, 

af]S;Lsf] cf/f]knufotsf 36gf 

/x]sf 5g\ . tYofª\sdf pNn]v 

ePcg';f/ @)&!÷&@ df @%! 

j6f, @)&@÷&# df @%! j6f, 

@)&#÷&$ df @&@ j6f, 

@)&$÷&% df #@% j6f dlxnf 

lx+;fsf 36gf ePsf 5g\ . 

To;}u/L rfn' cfly{s 

jif{sf] dª\l;/ klxnf] ;ftf;Dd 

^@ j6f dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gf 

k|x/L;Dd cfOk'u]sf] lhNnf k|x/L 

sfof{nosf d'4f kmfF6sf k|d'v 

k|x/L lg/LIfs /fhg uf}tdn] 

hfgsf/L lbP . tYofª\sdf 

pNn]v u/]cg';f/ anfTsf/sf 

!@( j6f, anfTsf/ k|of;sf 

%#, ax'ljjfxsf !@, dfgj 

a]rljvgsf kfFr, 3/]n' lx+;fsf 

%!(, cfTdxTofsf ##!, 

;fdflhs lx+;fsf ^$, af]S;L 

cf/f]ksf cf7 hgf kLl8t 

/x]sf 5g\ . 

k|x/L lg/LIfs uf}tdsf 

cg';f/ dlxnf ljz]if u/L 3/leq} 

s'6lk6 ug]{, ckdfg ug]{, 3/ 

lgsfnf ug]{, 3/kl/jf/sf s'g} 

klg JolQm gaf]n]/ jf ufnLunf}h 

u/]/ dfgl;s oftgf lbg] h:tf 

36gf a9L cfpg] u/]sf] atfpF5g\ . 

dlxnf k'gM:yfkgf s]Gb| cf]/]sn] 

bfªdf lat]sf] !) dxLgfdf 

!#% dlxnf lx+;fsf lgj]bg 

k/]sf]df ;a}eGbf a9L 3/]n' 

lx+;f, anfTsf/ / ax'ljjfxsf 

36gf lyP . o;}u/L cf}krfl/s 

;]jf s]Gb| OG;]sn] bfªdf 

lat]sf] ;f9] !) dxLgfdf 

clen]v u/]sf] tYofª\sdf !%! 

j6f dfgjclwsf/ xggsf 36gf 

ePsf lyP . 

To;df klg ;a}eGbf a9L 

anfTsf/sf %! 36gf ePsf 

lyP . OG;]ssf] tYofª\sdf 

;xof]udf lg0f{o ePsf] xf]Æ, 

pgn] eg], æof] lg0f{on] lnDa" 

;d'bfosf gful/snfO{ 7"nf] 6]jf 

k'Ug]5 .Æ oxfF ^) k|ltzt lnDa" 

/ $) k|ltzt cGo hfltsf] 

a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 . 

xfn;Dd j8f / 

ufpFkflnsfdf sf]xL klg 

ax'eflifs sd{rf/L lgo'Qm ePsf 

5}gg\ . :yfgLo efiff sfdsfhL 

efiffsf ¿kdf k|of]u x'g yfn]kl5 

ufpFkflnsf;Fu bf]efif] sd{rf/L 

lgo'Qm ug{ dfu ul/g] j8fWoIf 

/fO{n] atfP . tTsfn lnDa" efiff 

hfGg] :yfgLo kfFr :jo+;]jsaf6 

;xof]u lnOg] pgsf] egfO 

5 . To;sf nflu :jo+;]js 

;ldlt;d]t u7g ul/Psf] 5 . 

ufpFkflnsfaf6 

bf]efif] sd{rf/L lgo'Qm geP;Dd 

:jo+;]jssf ¿kdf lbnxfª z]df{, 

OGb| cfªb]Da], nlntrGb| lkmofs, 

;~rxfª ;fDaxfDkm] / s]z]xfª\df 

y]ludn] sfd ug]{5g\ . 

;+ljwfgn] :yfgLo efiffnfO{ 

;d]t ;/sf/L sfdsfhL efiffsf 

¿kdf k|of]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ 

:yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] eP klg 

cfjZos hgzlQmsf] cefjdf 

sfof{Gjog gul/Psf] ufpFkflnsf 

cWoIf l8s]Gb| Olbª\uf]n] 

atfP . o;cl3 ufpFkflnsfn] 

kflnsfel/sf ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] 

;"rgf kf6L b]jgfu/L / ls/fFt 

l;l/hª\3f lnlkdf /fVg] lg0f{o 

ul/;s]sf] 5 . 

afh'/fsf] sf]N6L l:yt k|fylds 

:jf:Yo s]Gb| 8fS6/ ljlxg 

afh'/f -h;_–afh'/fsf] sf]N6L l:yt k|fylds 

:jf:Yo s]Gb| 8fS6/ ljlxg ePsf] sl/j b'O{ dlxgf 

a9L ePsf] 5 . k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|sf 8f ljho 

zfx ;?jf eO{ uPsf] / 8f ;Toaxfb'/ zfxLsf] 

s/f/ ;lsP kl5 k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| xfn 8fS6/ 

ljlxg ag]sf] xf] . 8fS6/ geP kl5 ljz]if1 ;]jf 

k|efljt ePsf] 5 :jf:Yo s]Gb| cx]jsf] e/df 

rnfpg' kl//x]sf] :jf:YosdL{sf] u'gf;f] /x]sf] 5 . 

8fS6/ gx'bf s'g} hl6n k|sf/sf] k|;'tL ;DjGwL 

s]; cfpbf klg l/km/ ug{'kg]{ jfWotfdf cfkm"x? 

/x]sf] lgldQ k|d'v nf]s]Gb| Gof}kfg]n] atfP . 

b/aGbL cg';f/ :jfYosdL{ klg gx'g'sf ;fy} 

cf}ifwL nufotsf pks/0fsf] klg cefj /x]sf] 

:jf:YosdL{n] atfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . ptf lhNnf 

:jf:Yo sfof{no afh'/fsf k|d'v 8fS6/ ?krGb| 

ljZjsdf{n] nf]s;]jfsf] ln:6df k|fylds :jf:Yo 

s]Gb| vfnL b]vfPsfn] nf]s;]jfaf6 o;k6s 

kf]:6Lª x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . 

klg aflnsf anfTsf/sf] 36gf 

XjfQ} a9]sf] kfOof] . dlxnf 

dfgjclwsf/ /Ifssf] 

;~hfnsL s]Gb|Lo ;lrj cfrfo{ 

km};nf sfof{Gjo ug]{ lgsfosf] 

;lqmotf gx'g', d'2fdf nfUg] vr{ 

ug{;Sg] Ifdtf gx'g', ;fdflhs 

nf~5gfsf sf/0f cGofo lj?4 

;ª\3{if ug]{ ;fx; gx'g' h:tf 

sf/0fn] Gofodf dlxnfn] 

kx'Fr k'¥ofpg g;s]sf] pgL 

atfpF5g\ . 

pgn] dlxnfsf] Gofodf 

kxF'r gx'Fbf g} dlxnfdflysf] 

lx+;f emgemg a9L /x]sf] lhls/ 

u5{g\ . ca dlxnfdfly x'g] 

ljleGg k|sf/sf lx+;f /f]Sgsf] 

nflu k'?ifnfO{ klg a9LeGbf 

a9L ;r]tgfsf] sfo{qmd 

cfjZostf /x]sf] pgsf] egfO 

5 . dfgj clwsf/ ;~hfnsf 

lhNnf ;+of]hs s]zj cfrfo{n] 

kLl8t emg kLl8t x'g] / kL8s 

v'n]cfd lxF8\g] cj:yf /xFbf;Dd 

dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfdf sdL 

cfpg g;Sg] bfaL u5{g\ . 

8f ;flxn] ljut b'O{ aif{ b]lv s/f/df sfd ub}{ 

cfPsf eP klg pgsf] s/f/ cjlw ;lsPsf] / 

gu/kflnsfn] klg yKgsf nflu s]lx kxn gu/]sf 

sf/0f k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| xfn 8fS6/ ljlxg 

/x]sf] 5 . 

k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| sf]N6Lsf] k|;'tL 

u[xdf xfn Unf]j, Sofg'nf, ODKnfG6 nufotsf 

cTofjZolso ;fdu|L cefj e} /x]sf] l;cgdL 

b]pdf wfdLn] atfOg\ . k|;'tL ;]jfsf nflu aly|ª 

;]G6/df pQm ;fdfu|L geO{ gx'g] ;fdu|L eP klg 

clxn] cefj e} /x]sf] / d]l8snaf6 lsg]/ sfd 

rnfpg' kl//x]sf] pgn] atfOg\ . k|fylds :jf:Yo 

s]Gb| sf]N6Ldf o; cl3 klg cf}ifwL cefj ePsf] 

vj/ a]nfa]nf aflxl/o klg xfn 8fS6/ ;d]t 

cefj ePsf] vj/ aflxl/Psf] 5 . lhNnfsf] Ps 

dfq k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|df 8fS6/ ;lxtsf] ;]jf 

kflxg] cf;n] afh'/f nufot x'Dnf / d'u'sf sltko 

:yflgo ;d]t pkrf/sf nflu cfpg] u/]sf 5g . 

jfl;ª6g -PPgcfO_– ckmuflg:tfgsf] 

3fHgL k|fGtdf /x]sf] Ps zx/df lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ 

lj:kmf]6df k/L dª\unaf/ tLg cd]l/sL ;}lgssf] 

d[To' ePsf] 5 . ckmuflg:tfgdf g]6f] 

;}Go cGtu{t sfo{/t cd]l/sL ;}lgsn] lbPsf] 

hfgsf/Lcg';f/ o; lj:kmf]6df k/L cGo tLg 

cfkm\gf ;b:o 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . 

o; cfqmd0fsf] tflnafg cftª\ssf/L 

;d"xn] lhDdf lnPsf] cd]l/sL 6]lnlehg 

l;PGfPgåf/f k|zfl/t ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 

5 . o; lj:kmf]6df k/L Hofg u'dfPsf ;}lgssf] 

kl/ro eg] v'nfOPsf] 5}g . ;g\ @)!& otf 

ckmuflg:tfgdf cd]l/sL ;}lgsdfly ul/Psf] 

of] eLif0f cfqmd0f ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . 

ckmuflg:tfgsf] blIf0fL k|fGt 3fHgLdf xfn}sf 

;ftfdf tflnafg cftª\ssf/L ;d"xn] cfkm\gf] 

cftª\ssf/L lqmoflsnfkdf j[l4 u/]sf 5g\ . 

tflnafg cftª\ssf/Lsf] alnof] k|efj /x]sf] 

o; k|fGtdf ckmufg ;}lgsn] cfkm\gf] lgoGq0f 

sfod ug{ ;xof]usf] nflu cd]l/sfn] yk 

lzlhcfh'cfª -l;GXjf_– pQ/L rLgsf] 

x]a]O k|fGtsf] hfª\uhLcfs'p zx/df cjl:yt 

Ps /f;flos sf/vfgfglhs} ePsf] lj:kmf]6df 

k/L sDtLdf @@ JolQmsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . a'waf/ 

laxfg ;a]/} ePsf] o; lj:kmf]6df k/L @@ 

JolQmsf] d[To' x'g'sf] ;fy} cGo @@ hgf 3fOt] 

ePsf :yfgLo clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . 

:yfgLo ;dofg';f/ a'waf/ dWo/flt !@M$) 

ah] x]a]O l;ª\ux'cfsf] Ps /f;foflgs kbfy{ 

pTkfbg ug{] sf/vfgf …ldsn OG8«l:6 sf]k/];g 

lnld6]8Ú glhs} pQm la:kmf]6 ePsf] lyof] . 

o; lj:km]f6df k/L #* 6«s / !@ cGo 

;jf/L ;fwg Wj:t ePsf] hfª\uhLsfp gu/sf] 

gu/ ;/sf/sf clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/L lbPsf 

:yfgLo ;~rf/dfWodn] atfPsf 5g\ . o; 

lj:kmf]6df k/L 3fOt] ePsfnfO{ pkrf/fy{ 

c:ktfn egf{ ul/Psf] atfOPsf] 5 . k|f/lDes 

;f]n -l;GXjf_– pQ/ / blIf0f sf]l/ofn] b'O{ 

b]zsf] ;Ldf If]qdf /x]sf] /]ndfu{sf] ;+o'Qm?kdf 

lg/LIf0f ug{ ;xdt ePsf 5g\ . pQm /]ndfu{sf] 

lg/If0f cfufdL gf]e]Da/ #) af6 ug]{ ;xdlt 

ePsf] blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] Plss/0f dGqfnon] 

hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . 

cfufdL z'qmaf/af6 z'? x'g] of] ;Ldf If]q 

/]ndfu{sf] lg/LIf0f !* lbg;Dd x'g] hgfOPsf] 

5 . oL b'O{ b]zsf] ;Ldf If]qdf /x]sf] o; 

/]ndfu{sf] o;/L ;+o'Qm?kdf lg/LIf0f z'? ePsf] 

;g\ !(%# df b'O{ sf]l/ofsf] ljefhgkl5s} 

klxnf] k6s xf] . 

@)&% d+l;/ !# ut], laxLaf/ 


ljb]z 

ckmuflg:tfgdf tLg hgf 

cd]l/sL ;}lgs dfl/P 

cd]l/sL ;}lgs k7fPsf] 5 . 

cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] xfn} u/]sf] Ps 

cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bgnfO{ p4[t ub}{ l;PgPgn] 

lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ xfn ckmuflg:tfgsf] 

;/sf/n] b]zsf %^ k|ltzt lhNnfdf dfq 

cfÏgf] lgoGq0f sfod ug{ ;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . 

;g\ @)!% sf] gf]e]Da/ dlxgf;Dd ToxfFsf] 

;/sf/n] &@ k|ltzt lgoGq0f sfod u/]sf] 

lyof] . o;/L x]bf{ b]zdf ckmuflg:tfgsf] 

;/sf/n] tflnafgsf lj?4df lgoGq0fsf] 

cj:yf u'dfpFb} uPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . 

ut ;f]daf/ ckmuflg:tfgsf] klZrdL 

k|fGt km/fxdf tflnafgsf] PDa'; cfqmd0fdf 

k/L sDtLdf klg @) hgf ckmufg k|x/L 

clwsf/L dfl/Psf 5g\ . cn hlh/f ;dfrf/ 

;+:yfn] dfl/g] k|x/Lsf] ;+Vof @) k'u]sf] k'li6 

u/]sf] 5 . o; cfqmd0fsf] tflnafg cftª\ssf/L 

;d"xn] lhDdf lnPsf] lyof] . kl5Nnf s]xL dlxgf 

otf cfP/ tflnafgn] ckmufl:tfgsf] /fhwfgL 

sfa'nd} klg ;z:q xdnf a9fPsf 5g\ . 

/f;folgs sf/vfgfglhs} ePsf] 

lj:kmf]6df @@ sf] d[To' 

cg';Gwfgcg';f/ Ps ;jf/L ;fwgn] af]s]sf] 

clt ;+j]bgzLn lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ sf/vfgfdf 

k|j]z ug{] kvf{Odf /x]sf a]nf cs:dft lj:kmf]6 

ePsf] lyof] . 

pQm sf/vfgf glhs} ePsf] lj:kmf]6af6 

sf/vfgfleq eg] s'g} c;/ gu/]sf] t/ 

lj:kmf]6kl5 nfu]sf] cfuf]sf sf/0f To;}sf] 

jl/kl/ /x]sf c? ;jf/L ;fwgdf eg] cfunfuL 

ePsf] lyof] . lj:kmf]6 ePkl5 ;lNsPsf] 

cfuf]af6 ;8sdf / kfls{ªdf /x]sf #* cf]6f 

6«s / !@ cf]6f sf/ lj:kmf]6 ePsf 5g\ . ;f] 

hfgsf/L hfªlhsfp gu/ ;/sf/n] lbPsf] 5 . 

;+s6sfnLg Joj:yfkg dGqfnon] p4f/sfo{sf] 

nflu Ps ;d"x k7fPsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . o; 

lj:kmf]6df k/]sfsf] :yfgLo ;/sf/n] klxrfg 

u/]sf] / p4f/sfo{nuoft yk cg';Gwfg hf/L 

/x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . 

;Ldf If]qLo /]ndfu{sf] 

b'O{ sf]l/ofåf/f ;+o'Qm lg/LIf0f 

b'O{ b]zaLr ut h'g dlxgfsf] cGToaf6 

g} ;+o'Qm?kdf of] /]ndfu{ lg/LIf0f ug{] ljifodf 

5nkmn eO{ of]hgf ag]sf] lyof] . t/ lg/LIf0f 

ug{ ] sfo{ eg] rf/ dlxgf l9nf ePsf] 5 . 

;Ldf If]qdf oL b'O{ b]zdf ;+o'Qm?kdf /]ndfu{ 

;~rfngdf Nofpg] atfPsf 5g\ . 

;f]xL cfof]hgfsf] lg/LIf0fsf] sfo{ z'? 

x'g nfu]sf] xf] . o;cl3 eg] ;Ldf If]q cyf{t 

b'O{ sf]l/ofsf] ljefhg ePsf] If]qdf ;o'Qm 

/fi6«;+3Lo ;'/IffsdL{ /x]sf]n] ;f] k|:tfj cl:js[t 

ul/lbPsf lyP . To;kl5 eg] of] sfo{df s]xL 

dlxgf l9nfO{ ePsf] lyof] .

@)&% d+l;/ !# ut], laxLaf/ 


v]ns'b÷dgf ]/~hg 

zxLb :df/s …PÚ l8lehg lnu 

rf}yf] r/0fsf] v]n ;lsof] 

sf7df8f}F -h;_– zxLb 

:df/s …PÚ l8lehg lnu km'6an 

k|ltof]lutfcGtu{t rf}yf] r/0fsf] 

clGtd v]ndf k|m]08\; Sna / 

hfjnfv]n o'y Snan] cÍ afF8]sf 

5g\ . nlntk'/sf] ;ftbf]af6f]l:yt PGkmf 

sDKn]S; d}bfgdf a'waf/ ePsf] bf];|f] 

v]ndf b'j} 6f]nLn] tLg÷tLg uf]nsf] 

a/fa/L v]n]sf x'g\ . lgs} k|ltikwf{Tds 

b]lvPsf] v]ndf hfjnfv]nsf nflu 

c?h l;+x, kmf8f] kmf]kmfgf / ;'dg 

8Fuf]nn] Ps Ps uf]n u/] . k|m]G8\;sf 

nflu ljsf; nfdf, kmf]kmfgf a|flxdfg 

/ lw/h >]i7n] Ps Ps uf]n u/] . 

v]ndf z'?cftL cu|tf v]nsf] 

@^ cf}+ ldg]6df ljsf;sf] uf]ndfkm{t 

k|m]G8\;n] !–) sf] cu|tf lnPsf] 

lyof] . t/ klxnf] xfkmsf] OGh'/L 

;dodf hfjnfv]nsf c?hn] uf]n ub}{ 

hfjnfv]nnfO{ !–! uf]nsf] a/fa/Ldf 

NofP . klxnf] v]ndf Ps÷Ps uf]nsf] 

a/fa/L v]n]sf b'j} 6f]nLn] bf];|f] xfkmdf 

yk b'O{ b'O{ uf]n u/] . 

v]nsf] $& cfF} ldg]6df 

ljb]zL v]nf8L kmf]kmfgfn] uf]n ub}{ 

hfjnfv]nnfO{ @–! sf] cu|tf lbnfP . 

v]nsf] %@ cf}F ldg]6df ;'dg 8Fuf]nn] 

uf]n ub}{ hfjnfv]nnfO{ #–! l:yltdf 

NofP . t/ k|m]G8\; v]nsf] ^* cf}F 

ldg]6df a|flxdfgn] uf]n ub}{ v]n #–@ 

df NofP . To;kl5 v]nsf] *@ cf}F 

ldg]6df k|m]G8\;sf lw/hn] uf]n ub}{ 

v]n #–# sf] a/fa/Ldf NofPsf lyP . 

b'j} 6f]nL lnusf] k'5f/sf 6f]nL 

x'g\ . oc;l3 v]nsf] ;a} v]ndf k/flht 

b'j} 6f]nLn] a'waf/sf] a/fa/L;Fu} cÍ 

tflnsfdf Ps÷Ps cÍ agfPsf 5g\ . 

hfjnfv]n lnusf] !#cfF} / k|m]08\; !$cf}F 

:yfgdf 5 . o;}u/L, a'waf/ g} ePsf] 

klxnf] v]ndf lxdfnog z]kf{ Snan] 

dl5Gb| SnanfO{ k/flht u/]sf] 5 . 

;ftbf]af6f]l:yt PGkmf -clvn g]kfn 

km'6an ;ª\3_ sDKn]S;df ePsf] v]ndf 

lxdfnog z]kf{n] dl5Gb| SnanfO{ @–) 

uf]ncGt/n] k/flht ub}{ ljhoL ePsf] 

xf] . o; lht;Fu} lxdfnog z]kf{ !) 

cª\ssf ;fy cª\stflnsfsf] t];|f] 

:yfgdf pSn]sf] 5 . 

lnudf !@ cª\s hf]8\b} dgfª 

d:of{ª\bL Sna klxnf] :yfgdf 5 . 

;dfg !) cª\s g} hf8]sf] lqe'jg 

cfdL{ Sna uf]ncGt/sf] cfwf/df 

bf];|f] :yfgdf 5 . lxdfno z]kf{sf] 

lhtdf cflzif u'?ª / s0f{ lnDa"n] 

uf]n u/] . v]nsf] klxnf] xfkmsf] 

@! cf}F ldg]6df lxdfnog z]kf{sf 

cflzifn] x]8dfkm{t uf]n ub}{ klxnf] 

cu|tf lnP . v]nsf] klxnf] xfkm;Dd 

!–) n] cufl8 /x]sf] lxdfnog z]kf{n] 

bf];|f] xfkmdf Ps uf]n yKof] . v]nsf] 

*( cf}F ldg]6df lxdfnog z]kf{sf 

s0f{n] ljhoL uf]n u/] . k/flht 

dl5Gb| Snasf] b'O{ cª\s 5 . o;}aLr 

cfh rf}yf] r/0fsf v]nx¿ ;lsPsf 

5g\ . kfFrf} r/0fsf v]n oxL dlª\;/ 

!$ ut]b]lv x'g] clvn g]kfn km'6an 

;‹ -PGkmf_n] hgfPsf] 5 . 

dgfª\ lnusf] zLif{ :yfgdf oyfjt 

rf}yf] r/0fsf v]nx? ;dfKt 

xFbf;Dd hf/L lnudf zt k|ltzt 

glhtf lgsfNb} dgfª d:of{ª\bL Sna 

lnusf] zLif{ :yfgdf 5 . dgfªn]\ lnu 

v]nsf] rf/}j6f v]n lhTb} !@ cÍf 

;fy cÍ tflnsfsf] zLif{ :yfgdf 5 . 

To;}u/L tLg v]ndf lht tyf Psdf 

a/fa/L glthf;lxt lqe'jg cfdL{ 

Sna !) cÍ;lxt cÍtflnsfsf] bf];|f] 

lkmNd …zflGtÚ sf] 

z'qmaf/af6 k|bz{g x'Fb} 

sf7df8f}+ -h;_– ;fdflhs 

kfl/jfl/s syfa:t' /x]sf] lkmNd 

…zflGtÚ z'qmaf/af6 l/lnh 

x'g] ePsf] 5 . lkmNd o'lg6n] 

/fhwfgLdf Ps sfo{qmd 

ub}{ rnlrq z'qmaf/af6 

l/lnh ug{ nfu]sf] hfgsf/L 

lbP . z'qmaf/ s'g} klg lkmNd 

gePsf]n] …zflGtÚ k|bz{gdf 

Nofpg nfu]sf] n]vg tyf lgb]{zs 

lbg]z lnª\b]gn] atfP . kmfNu'gGb 

lnª\b]g lkmNd:sf] Jofg/df 

:yfgdf 5 . ;f]xL glthf lgsfn]sf] 

lxdfnog z]kf{ klg !) cÍsf ;fy 

tflnsfsf] t];|f] :yfgdf 5 . 

rf/ v]n v]n]sf] y|L:6f/ tLg 

v]ndf lht tyf Psdf k/flht 

x'Fb} gf} cÍsf ;fy rf}yf] tyf ;f]xL 

glthf lgsfn]sf] ;Í6f Sna klg gf} 

cÍ;lxt tflnsfsf] kfFrf} :yfgdf 

5g\ . To;}u/L rf/ v]n v]n]sf] g]kfn 

k'ln; Sna b'O{df lht, Psdf a/fa/L 

/ Psdf k/flht x'Fb} ;ft cÍsf ;fy 

cÍ tflnsfsf] 5}6f}F :yfgdf /xFbf 

;/:jlt Sna b'O{ v]ndf lht tyf b'O{ 

v]ndf k/flht x'Fb} 5 cÍsf ;fy cÍ 

tflnsfsf] ;ftf}F :yfgdf 5 . 

o;}u/L Rof;n o'y Snan] 

v]nsf rf/ v]ndWo] Psdf lht, b'O{ 

xf/ / Ps a/fa/Lsf ;fy rf/ cÍ 

hf]8\b} tflnsfsf] cf7f}F / ;f]xL glthf 

lgsfn]sf] PlkPkm klg rf/ cÍsf ;fy 

gjf} F :yfgdf 5 . o:t} rf/ v]naf6 

Psdf lht / tLg xf/sf ;fy la|u]8 

AjfOh !) cf}F, b'O{df lht tyf b'O{df 

a/fa/L v]nsf] dl5Gb| Sna !! cf}F, 

tLgdf k/flht / Ps v]ndf a/fa/Lsf 

;fy tLgdf k/flht x'Fb} !@cf}F, tLg 

v]ndf k/flht tyf Psdf a/fa/Lsf 

;fy k|m]G8\; !# cf}F / ;f]xL glthf;fy 

Go'/f]8 6Ld Pgcf/6L !$cf}F :yfgdf 

5g\ . 

lgdf{0f ePsf] lkmNdn] j}b]lzs 

/f]huf/df /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] 

oyfy{tf, gf/Lsf] ;+j]bglzntf 

h:tf ljifonfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 . 

sfo{qmddf gjgflosf 

;'lk|of >]i7n] lkmNdsf] 

syfj:t'n] cfkm"nfO{ nf]EofPsf] 

atfOg\ . ;+uLtsf/ ljsf; 

rf}w/Ln] cfkm"n] klxnf]k6s 

lkmNdL kfZj{ufog …zflGtÚaf6 

z'? u/]sf] v'nfP . of] lkmNdsf 

b'O{ uLtdf ljsf;s} :j/ 5 . 

lkmNddf ;'lzn If]qL, lgzf kf]d', 

;'lk|of >]i7, ;lGha y]a], ;'lbtf 

lnªb]g, afnlbk /fO{, zld{nf 

zdf{, v':a' r]Dhf]ª, cho v8sf, 

k|lbk of]ªxfª, dx]Gb|s'df/ /fO{, 

;'ldqf clwsf/Lsf] clego 5 . 

sljtf /fO{ lnª\b]g 

k|:t'tstf{, a;Gt y]a] sfo{sf/L 

lgdf{tf / zfGtf alvd y]j] 

lgdf{tf /x]sf] lkmNddf ljsf; 

rf}w/Lsf] ;+uLt, hgs sfsL{sf] 

g[To, /fh' ls/fFtLsf] åGå, /f]zg 

jfGtjf /fO{sf] kfZj{ ;+uLt, 1fg' 

/fO{sf] 5fof+sg / d]uaxfb'/ 

du/sf] ;Dkfbg 5 . 

k'gM ;'? x'Fb} …b slkn zdf{ zf]Ú 

d'DaO{ -Ph]G;L_– b slkn zdf{ zf] k'gM 

Psk6s dflg;x?nfO{ xF;fpg] k|lta4tf;lxt 

6]lnlehgdf ;'? x'Fb}5 . ;f]gL 6]lnlehgn] 

sfo{qmdsf] l6h/ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . 

zfx?v vfg, sl6«gf s}km / cg'isf zdf{sf] 

lkmNd lh/f] @! l8;]Da/df l/lnh x'g] tof/Ldf 

5 . of] lkmNdsf] k|f]df]zgsf nflu oL tLg} 

snfsf/ slknsf] sfo{qmddf hfg] atfOPsf] 

5 . oBkL, klxnf] Plk;f]8sf nflu ;ndfg 

vfgsf] gfd klg ;fj{hlgs ePsf] lyof] . 

slknn] dfr{ ;g\ @)!* df ÏofldnL 

6fOd ljb slknaf6 lkmtf{ x'g] sf]l;; u/]sf 

lyP t/ tLg Plk;f]8 cgPo/ ePkl5 g} 

sfo{qmd aGb ePsf] lyof] . t/ slkn zdf{sf] 

lau|bf]+ :jf:Yo / u}/–Joj;flos Jojxf/ 

b]vfpFb} sfo{qmd aGb ul/Psf] lyof] . cfkm" 

l7s ePkl5 pgL rfF8} g} 6]lnlehgdf lkmtf{ 

x'g] atfPsf lyP . 

OG6/ sn]h 

Kn; 6' km'6;n 

k|ltof]uLtf x'g] 

sf7df8f}+ -h;_– /fhwfgLdf ljut 

!) jif{ b]lv lg/Gt/?kdf lzIff dgf]/Ghg 

tyf ;fdflhs >]qdf ljleGg ;f}bo{ 

k|ltof]uLtf km]zg ;f] nufotsf ljleGg 

sfo{qmd ub}{ cfPsf] l;hg ldl8ofn] o; 

jif{b]lv sf7df8f}+ nlntk'/ tyf eQmk'/sf 

bz hf]8 b'O{df cWoog/t ljBfyL{x?nfO{ 

dWogh/ /fVb} cGt/ sn]h Kn;6' 

k'm6;n k|ltof]uLtf cfof]hgf ug]{ ePsf] 

5 . pQm k|ltof]uLtfdf ;xefuLtfsf] 

nflu sIff !! jf !@ df cWoog/t 

5fqx?sf] * hgfsf] ;d'xn] l;hg 

ldl8ofsf] sfof{nodf cfP/ cfj]bg 

kmf/d eg{ ;lsg] Joj:yf /x]sf] ;+:yfsf 

sfo{qmd Joj:yfks /]lhgf t'nfw/n] 

hfgsf/L lbOg\ . pQm k|ltof]uLtfdf 

Kn;6'df cWoog/t ljBfyL{x?n] sn]hsf] 

kl/rokq tyf Ps k|lt kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] 

kmf]6f] / ? & xhf/ ?k}of lt/]/ kf}if @) 

ut] ;Dd cfkm\gf] sn]hsf] km'6;n l6d 

btf{ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . pQm k|ltof]uLtfsf] 

pb\3f6g kf}if @# ut] xfl8ufpF l:yt 

wgf{]Gt/L km'6;n d}bfgdf PsxKtf ;Dd 

;Grfng x'g] 5 . 

pQm k|ltof]uLtfdf ^) b]lv &% 

sn]hsf] v]nf8Lx?sf] ;xefuL x'g] 5 

eg] k|yd x'g]n] Ps nfv gub, 6«lkm, 

d]8n tyf k|df0fkq kfpg]5g eg] bf];|f] 

x'g]n] ? %) xhf/ gub 6«lkm,d]8n 

tyf k|df0fkq kfpg]5g eg] t[lto x'g] 

l6dn] ? @% xhf/ gub ;fy} 6«lkm,d]8n 

tyf k|df0fkq kfpg]5g ;fy;fy} pQm 

k|ltof]uLtfdf j9L uf]n ug] pQs[i6 

v]nf8Lx? klg ? % xhf/ gub tyf 

;Ddfgkq k|bfg ul/g] cfof]hfs ;+:yfsf 

cWoIf k|lbk/fh jGtn] hfgsf/L lbP . 

lkmNd …r+uf r]6Ú o'/f]ksf] 

!% b]zdf k|b{zg x'g] 

sf7df8f}+ -h;_– rnlrq 

…rËf r]6Ú o'/f]ksf ljleGg 

:yfgdf nfUg] ePsf] 5 . :jb]zdf 

/fd|f] Joj;fo ug{ ;kmn rnlrq 

o'/f]ksf !% b]zdf k|bz{g x'g] 

ePsf] xf] . o"/f]ksf kf]NofG8, 

8]gdfs{, hd{gL, :k]g, Oª\NofG8 

/ :jLh/NofG8 nufotsf 

b]zx?df rnlrq k|bz{gL x'g] 

ePsf] 5 . 

…To:t} cd]l/sfsf 8fn;, 

Go'of]s{, cli6g, a'i6g, aflN6df]/, 

Soflnkmf]lg{of, d]l;ug, sf]nf]/f8f] 

nufotsf zx/x?df klg 

rnlrq k|bz{g x'g] lkmS; 

ePsf] 5Ú lgb]{zs bLk]Gb| s] 

vgfnn] eg] …To:t} Pl;ofsf 

xÍª, hfkfg / sf]l/ofdf 

;d]t rnlrq nfUb}5 .Ú 

…x+ªsª, hfkfg, sf]l/ofsf 

;fy} o'/f]ksf] s]xL zx/df 

cfof]hgf x'g] rnlrqsf] 

l6s6 ;d]t ;f]N8 cfp6 

eO;s]sf] lgb]{zs vgfnsf] 

egfO{ /x]sf] 5 . 

…rËf r]6Ú dfwj jfUn] / 

zld{nf kf08n] ldn]/ agfPsf 

x'g\ . cfo'idfg hf]zL, /ljGb| 

emf, ;GbLk If]qL, lk|o+sf sfsL{, 

;'/Iff kGt, k/ldtf Pncf/ 

/f0ff nufotsf] d'Vo e"ldsf 

rnlrqdf 5 . k|bLk ef/4fhsf] 

k6syf /x]sf] rnlrqdf 

lgZrn a:g]t, a]lgzf xdfn 

/ Crf zdf{sf] ljz]if e"ldsf 

/x]sf] 5 . 

cfh …g]kfn cfO8nÚ df 

w'd{'; / ;'GtnL …u]:6Ú 

sf7df8f}+ -h;_– rlr{t 

l/ofn6L zf] …g]kfn cfO8nÚ 

cGtu{t cfh lalxaf/sf] zf] 

yk ljz]if x'g] ePsf] 5 . of] 

zf]df rlr{t xfF:o snfsf/ 

hf]8L ;Ltf/fd s§]n …w'd{';Ú 

/ s'Ghgf l3ld/] …;'GtnLÚ 

cltlysf ?kdf ;xefuL x'g] 

ePsf 5g\ . g]kfns} klxnf] 

cGt/fli6«o k|m]GrfOH8 l6eL 

l/ofln6L zf] …g]kfn cfO8nÚ 

…g]kfnL df}lns klxrfg, ;+;f/ 

lrgfpg] g]kfnLsf] zfgÚ gf/fsf 

;fy cfof]hgf eO/x]sf] 5 . 

cl3Nnf] ;ftf nf]s uLt 

/fp08 k|:t't u/]sf …g]kfn cfO8nÚ 

k|ltof]uL w'd{ '; ;'GtnL cltlysf] 

?kdf ;xefuL x'g] ePkl5 

pT;flxt ag]sf 5g\ . k|ltof]lutfdf 

cldt a/fn, cl:dtf clwsf/L, 

s[ifn sF8]n, laqmd a/fn, kjg 

lu/L, /jL cf]8 / ;'ldt kf7s u/]/ 

& k|ltof]uL /x]sf 5g\ . cfkm"nfO{ 

dgkg] { k|ltof]lunfO{ /]:k]S6 P08 

/fOh gfdsf] PK; dfkm{t ef]6 

xfNg ;lsg]5 . 

k|wfg;]gfklt dlxnf 

km'6andf PkLPkm RoflDkog 

sf7df8f} -h;_– ;zq 

k|x/Lsf] PkLPkm Snan] 

k|wfg;]gfklt 5}7f}+ cGt{/fli6«o 

cfdGq0f dlxnf km'6an 

k|ltof]lutfsf] pkflw lht]sf] 

5 . a'waf/ ePsf] kmfOgndf 

cfof]hs lqe'jg cfdL{ SnanfO{ 

k]gfN6L ;'6 cfp6df $ – @ n] 

k/flht ub}{ PkLPkm RoflDkog 

ag]sf] xf] . eb|sfnLl:yt h+uL 

c•fsf] v]n d}bfgdf lgwf{l/t 

() ldg]6 / yk ul/Psf] @) 

ldg]6sf] ;do ! – ! uf]nsf] 

a/fa/Ldf ;lsPkl5 v]n 

k]gfN6L ;'6 cfp6df uPsf] 

lyof] . k]gfN6L ;'6 cfp6df 

PkLPkmn] afhL dfof]{ . 

k]gfN6Ldf PkLPkmsf 

;flaqf e08f/L, /]g'sf 

gu/sf]6L, cg' nfdf / clgtf 

a:g]tn] uf]n ul/g\ . lutf 

/fgfn] k]gfN6Ldf uf]n ug{ 

;lsgg\ . o:t} cfdL{sf cGhgf 

/fgf du/ / lgzf af]x/fn] uf]n 

ul/g\ . t/, s[i0ff vqL, cGhnL 

;'Aaf / OlGb/f /fO{n] uf]n ug{ 

g;Sbf cfdL{ pkflwaf6 alGrt 

ePsf] xf] . o;cl3 v]ndf 

;'?jftL cu|tf PkLPkmn] g} 

agfPsf] lyof] . v]nsf] !( cf}+ 

ldg]6df clgtf a:g]tn] uf]n 

ub}{ PkLPkmnfO{ ;'?jftL cu|tf 

lbnfPsL lyOg\ . 

t/, bf];|f] xfkmdf cfdL{ 

v]ndf kms{b} a/fa/L ug{ ;kmn 

eof] . v]nsf] ^# cf}+ ldg]6df 

ladnf rf}w/Ln] uf]n u/]kl5 

cfdL{n] v]n ! – ! sf] a/fa/L 

agfPsf] lyof] . pkflw;+u} 

PkLPkmn] # nfv gub k|fKt 

u/]sf] 5 . pkljh]tf ag]sf] 

cfdL{n] ! nfv %) xhf/df 

lrQ a'emfof] . ;]ldkmfOgndf 

k'u]sf k'ln; / k|b]z gDa/ @ n] 

%)–%) xhf/ k'/:sf/ kfPsf 

5g\ . k|ltof]lutfdf cfdL{sL 

k'gd huf{ du/ ;jf]{s[i6 

v]nf8L 3f]lift eO{g\ . pgn] 

Ps yfg :s'6/ k|fKt ul/g\ . 

o:t}, pTs[i6 km/jf8{ 

PkLPkmsL ;flaqf e08f/L, 

ld8lkmN8/df cfdL{sL ladnf 

rf}w/L, l8km]G8/df cfdL{sL 

;'ldq rf}w/L, uf]nlsk/df 

PkLPkmsL PlGhnf ;'Aaf / 

pTs[i6 k|lzIfs PkLPkmsf hgs 

l;+x 3f]lift eP . 

/f]gfN8f]sf] aGof] gofF /]s8{ 

sf7df8f}F -Ph]G;L_– 

o'e]G6; RoflDkoG; lnusf] 

clGtd !^ df k'u]sf] 5 . uP/flt 

ePsf] v]ndf en]lG;ofnfO{ 

!-) uf]n cGt/n] k/flht 

ub}{ o'e]G6; RoflDkoG; lnusf] 

clGtd !^ df ku]sf] xf] . 

o'e]G6;sf] lhtdf qmf]l;ofsf 

:6«fOs/ dfl/of] df]+8"hLsn] 

v]nsf] Ps dfq uf]n u/]sf 

lyP. lqml:6ofgf] /f]gfN8f]sf] 

kf;df df]+8"hLsn] uf]n u/]sf 

lyP . 

o'e]G6; clGtd !^ df 

k'u] klg ;d'x ljh]tf eg] 

cem} alg;s]sf] 5}g . ;d'xdf 

clGtd v]n v]Ng afFsL /x]sfn] 

;d'x ljh]tfsf] 6'+uf] eg] 

clGtd v]n kl5 dfq nfUg] 

ePsf] xf] . % v]ndf o'e]G6;sf] 

!@ c+s 5 eg] Dofgr]:6/ 

o'gfO6]8sf] % v]ndf !) c+s 

/x]sf] 5 . ca o; ;d'xaf6 

o'e]G6; / o'gfO6]8 clGtd 

!^ df k'u]klg clGtd v]nn] 

;d'xsf] klxnf] / bf];|f] l6dsf] 

6'+uf] nufpg] 5 . 

;d'xsf] clGtd v]ndf 

o'gfO6]8n] en]lG;of;Fu v]Ng] 

5 eg] o'e]G6;n] of]Ë Ajfo]h;Fu 

v]Ng] 5 . of] ;Fu} o'e]G6; cfÏgf] 

!^cf} RoflDkoG; lnudf !@ 

k6s RoflDkoG; lnusf] clGtd 

!^ df 7fpF agfpg ;kmn 

ePsf] 5 . To:t} lqml:6ofgf] 

/f]gfN8f]n] cfÏgf] RoflDkoG; 

lnusf] !%&cf} v]ndf ;of} lht 

xfl;n u/]sf 5g\ . RoflDkoG; 

lnusf] Oltxf;df ;of} v]ndf 

lht xfl;n ug]{ /f]gfN8f] klxnf] 

v]nf8L ag]sf 5g\ .

F 

F 

kfOk nfOg lgdf{0f sfo{ clGtd r/0fdf 

jL/u~h -h;_–g]kfn / 

ef/t ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstfdf 

/x]sf] df]ltxf/L cdn]vu~h 

k]6«f]lnod kfOk nfOg lgdf{0f 

sfo{ clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 . 

df]ltxf/L cdn]vu~h k]6«f]lnod 

kfOk nfOg kl/of]hgf sfof{no 

l;d/fsf cg';f/ g]kfntkm{sf] 

#( bzdna b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ 

e"–efudWo] @! lsnf]ld6/ If]qdf 

hdLgd'lg kfOk la5Øfpg] sfd 

;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . 

tLj| ultdf afFsL 

sfd eO/x]sfn] a9Ldf tLg 

dxLgfleq sfd ;DkGg eO{ 

ef/t laxf/sf] /fhwfgL 

k6gfaf6 kfOk nfOgdfkm{t 

k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ Nofpg ;lsg] 

atfpF5g\ kl/of]hgf sfof{no 

l;d/fsf Ol~hgLo/ z/bk|;fb 

kf}8]n . pgn] eg], æafwf cj/f]w 

geP tLg dxLgfleq g]kfndf 

k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ cfpg] kSsf 

5 . o;nfO{ ;dod} ;DkGg ug{ 

kl/of]hgfn] ;lqmo?kdf sfo{nfO{ 

cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 .Æ g]kfntkm{ 

ca !* bzdna b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ 

lj/f6gu/ -h;_–ef/taf6 

NofOg] 6Øfª\s/af6 l8h]n 

rf]/L ug]{ 6Øfªs/ rfnsnfO{ 

g]kfn cfon lgud lj/f6gu/n] 

sf/jfxL u/]sf] 5 . ef/tsf] 

a/f}gLaf6 ;'vb]j l;+xsf] %(^% 

g+ sf] 6Øfª\s/ rnfpg] rfns 

wd]Gb| :j0f{sf/n] af6f]d} b'O{ xhf/ 

$*$ ln6/ l8h]n rf]/L u/L 

laqmL u/]sf] lj/f6gu/ lgudsf 

k|d'v lbg]zs'sf/ ofbjn] 

hfgsf/L lbP . 6Øfª\s/df 

t]n hfFr ug]{ qmddf kl/df0f 

sd b]lvPkl5 5fglag ubf{ 

rfnsn] t]n rf]/]/ laqmL u/]sf] 

t]x|y'd -h;_–d]G5Øfo]d 

ufpFKfflnsf–#, >Lh'ªsf ofdaxfb'/ lnDa" 

s/La b'O{ af]/f cn}FrL a]Rg lk7Ø'Fdf 

af]s]/ Jofkf/L OGb| e08f/Lsf] k;n k'u] 

t/ cn}FrL /fd|f] g;'s]sf] eGb} k'gM /fd|/L 

;'sfP/ Nofpg eg]kl5 pgL rlst k/] . 

ljutdf o;}u/L ;'sfP/ nfvf}Fsf] …sfnf] 

;'gÚ sf/f]jf/ u/]sf lnDa"nfO{ Jofkf/Ln] 

cn}FrLsf] u'0f:t/ ePg eGbf l/; klg 

p7]sf] lyof] . æklxn] o:t} cn}FrL Jofkf/Ln] 

v'zL eP/ lsGy]Æ, cn}FrL af]s]/ kms{Fb} 

u/]sf lnDa"n] eg], æclxn] cem} /fd|f] 

;'sfP/ Nofpg eg]sf 5g\ .Æ 

>Lh'ªs} ls;fg b]paxfb'/ lnDa"n] 

kmnfPsf] !% dg cn}FrL klg Go"g 

u'0f:t/sf] 7xl/of] . pgsf] s]xL cn}FrL 

dfq} dWod:t/sf] 7x/ u/L afFsL ;a} 

Go"g u'0f:t/s} d"Nodf laqmL eof] . 

ljutdf lhNnfsf ls;fgn] pTkfbg u/]sf] 

cn}FrLsf] u'0f:t/sf] s'g} jf:tf x'Gy]g . 

ljutdf Jofkf/LnfO{ rf/ k};f gfkmf 

x'g] u/L v/Lb ug' { lyof] / ls;fgn] klg 

h:tf] eP klg laqmL ug' {dfq} . ls;fgn] 

pTkfbg u/]sf] cn} FrLsf] u'0f:t/sf] ljifodf 

rf;f] g/fvL Jofkf/Ln] gfkmfd'vL Jofkf/ 

uy] { . ls;fg klg cfkm"nfO{ kmfObf x'g] 

dfq} ;f]Ry] . clxn] cn} FrLsf] d"No PSsfl; 

36]kl5 g]kfnL cn} FrLdfly u'0f:t/sf] k|Zg 

lrXg p7\g yfn]sf] Joj;foL atfpF5g\ . 

To;}n] klg o; jif{ u'0f:t/Lo, dWod / 

kfOk la5Øfpg] sfd afFsL /x]sf] 

5 . afFsL /x]sf] e"–efudWo] k;f{ 

/fli6«o lgs'~hdf cf7 lsnf]ld6/, 

gfnf ;–;fgf k'n–k'n];f, gbL, 

qml;ª ;8s, u08s If]qdf 

kfOk nfOg la5Øfpg afFsL 

/x]sf] 5 . lgs'~hleq /x]sf] 

s/La kfFr xhf/ ?v sf6g] sfd 

lgs6 eljiod} x'g] tyf ef/tsf] 

df]ltxf/Lb]lv /S;f}n;Dd ## 

bzdnj & lsnf]ld6/dWo] 

df]ltxf/L /S;f}n If]qdf 6'qmf6'qmL 

sfd afFsL /x]sf] kl/of]hgfsf] 

sfof{no l;d/fn] hgfPsf] 5 . 

g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldf If]qsf] 

jL/u~h eG;f/l:yt /ht 

hoGtL rf]s jfOkf; If]qdf ;d]t 

kfOk la5Øfpg] sfd ;DkGg 

eO;s]sf] 5 . hLtk'/ k/jfgLk'/ 

If]qdf s/La b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ 

If]qdf afwf cj/f]w cfPsfn] 

;f] If]qdf af]l/ª k|ljlwdfkm{t 

kfOk uf8\g] sfd eO/x]sf] klg 

kl/of]hgfsf Ol~hgLo/ kf}8]nn] 

hfgsf/L lbP . g]kfnsf] nfOkm 

nfOgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] ef/tsf] 

df]ltxf/Lb]lv cdn]vu~h;Dd 

&) lsnf]ld6/ nDafOsf] ;f] 

kfOk nfOg lgdf{0fsf] nflu 

ef/t ;/sf/n] #%) s/f]8 

ef/tLo ?k}ofF nufgL u/]sf] 5 . 

ut ut r}tsf] clGtd ;ftf 

ef/t e|d0fsf] qmDfdf k|wfgdGqL 

s]kL zdf{ cf]nL tyf ;dsIfL 

ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| 

df]bLn] gofFlbNnLsf] x}b/fjfb 

xfp;af6 ;+o'tm ?kdf df]ltxf/ 

L–cdn]vu~h k]6«f]lnod kfOk 

nfOgsf] lznfGof; u/]sf lyP . 

lznfGof;kl5 o; sfo{n] ult 

lnFb} hdLgd'lg kfOk la5Øfpg] 

sfdn] tLj|tf kfPsf] xf] . 

kyn}ofb]lv 

cdn]vu~h;Dd cf7 lsnf]ld6/ 

If]qdf k;f{ /fli6«o lgs'~h 

eP/ kfOk nfOg hfg] ePsfn] 

lgs'Ghleqsf kfFr xhf/ ?v 

sf6\g ;xdlt eO;s]sfn] 

rfF8} g} ;f] sfdsf] yfngL 

ul/g] kl/of]hgf sfof{no 

l;d/fn] hgfOPsf] 5 . kfOk 

nfOg la5Øfpg] sfd ;DkGg 

ePkl5 k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ e08f/0f 

ug{sf] nflu cdn]vu~h cfon 

t]n rf]g]{ rfns sf/jfxLdf 

b]lvPsf] lyof] . lgudsf] s]Gb|Lo 

sfof{noaf6 cfPsf] 6f]nLn] 

6Øfª\s/sf rfnsn] 6Øfª\s/df 

nufOPsf] tfnf lauf/]/ t]n rf]/L 

u/]sf] b]lvPsf] atfPsf] 5 . 

36gfsf] ;TotYo kQf 

nflu;s]kl5 6Øfª\s/ wgL 

;'vb]jn] ca pk|fGt o:tf] 36gf 

x'g glbg] / cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 

ePsf] uNtL :jLsf/ ub}{ rf]/L 

ePsf] t]nsf] bf]Aa/ /sd 

lgudsf] vftfdf lxh} hDdf 

ul/;s] klg lgudn] ;'vb]jnfO{ 

tLg dxLgf t]n 9'jfgL ug{ aGb]h 

u/]sf], rfns :j0f{sf/n] lgud 

6Øfª\s/ rnfpg gkfpg], lgud 

xftfleq 5 dxLgf k|j]z klg ug{ 

gkfpg] gl;xt lgudn] lbPsf] 

5 . k|x/Ldfly ceb| Jojxf/ 

df]/ªsf] s]/faf/Ll:yt hª\un 

If]qdf cj}w?kdf gbLhGo kbfy{ 

pTvgg ug]{ :sfOe]6/ / 

rfnsnfO{ d+unaf/ k|x/Ln] 

kqmfp u/L sf/jfxL u/]sf] 5 . 

gbLdf cj}w tl/sfn] pTvgg 

ug{ k|of]u ul/Psf] gf ! s &)(( 

g+ sf] :sfOe]6/ / rfns ky/L 

gu/kflnsf–@$ jifL{o ;Gtf]if 

lu/LnfO{ ck/fw;+lxtf P]gcg';f/ 

sf/jfxL k|lqmof cufl8 a9fPsf] 

cfO; la3f uf“hf / cf7 la3f clkmd v]tL gi6 

x]6f} F8f -h;_–dsjfgk'/ lhNnf 

k|x/L sfof{non] ufFhf tyf clkmd 

v]tL gi6 ug] { sfo{qmdcGtu{t 

dsjfgk'/ lhNnfdf @* la3f !) 

sÝf ufFhf / cf7 la3f clkmd v]tL 

gi6 u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . oxL dª\l;/ 

( ut]b]lv !% ut];Dd sfof{non] z'? 

u/]sf] bf];|f] r/0fsf] cleofgcGtu{t 

a'waf/;Dddf ;f] kl/df0fdf ufFhf 

/ clkmd v]tL gi6 ul/Psf] xf] . 

sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ 

lhNnfaf6 5'§f5'§} tLg j6f ;d"xdf 

vl6Psf] k|x/L 6f]nLn] lhNnfsf] 

/flS;/fª ufpFkflnsf–( sf] ;fgf] 

6f]8\s], j8f g+ * sf] sfFs8f, j8f 

g+ & uln{ª / s}nfz ufpFkflnsf–$ 

;l;{ª / lnKr]df nufOPsf ufFhf 

v]tL @* la3f !) sÝf / clkmd 

cf7 la3f gi6 u/]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . 

lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no dsjfgk'/sf 

k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs g/]zs'df/ 

l;+xsf cg';f/ k|x/L lg/LIfssf] 

g]t[Tjdf ;~rflnt cleofgdf ^) 

k|x/L kl/rflnt 5g\ . bf];|f] r/0fsf] 

cleofgcGtu{t lhNnfsf] ljleGg 

:yfgdf @@! la3f rf/ sÝf 

ufFhf tyf !)& la3f hdLgdf 

nufOPsf] o:tf cj}w v]tL gi6 

ug]{ nIo /x]sf] k|x/L gfoa 

pk/LIfs l;+xsf] egfO 5 . 

lgudsf] l8kf]df tLg xhf/ ()) 

lsnf]ln6/ Ifdtf ePsf] b'O{ 

tyf rf/ xhf/ !)) lsnf]ln6/ 

Ifdtf ePsf] b'O{ j6f u/L rf/ 

6ofª\s/sf] dd{t;Def/ b'|t 

ultdf eO/x]sf] 5 . Pp6f 

6ofª\s/ tof/ eO;s]sf] 5 eg] 

tLg j6f 6ofª\s/ agfpg] sfd 

eO/x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . 

tLg dxLgfleq lgdf{0f 

sfo{ ;sL ;~rfngdf Nofpg] 

nIo lnPsf] ;f] kfOk nfOg 

lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePkl5 k6gfaf6 

k|lt306f @%) ln6/ k]6«f]lnod 

kbfy{ kfOk nfOgaf6 lelqg] 

5 . klxnf] r/0fdf k/LIf0fsf] 

?kdf l8h]n cfpg] atfOPsf] 

5 . hdLgdl'g ;f9] b'O{ ld6/ 

tn tyf kf}g] !! O~rsf] dfOn 

l:6n eGg] sfnf] /ª\usf] kfOk 

/flvPsfn] lvof eg] nfUb}g . 

of] k|f]h]S6 ;~rfngdf cfPkl5 

g]kfn ef/tsf] /S;f}n gfsfdf 

b]lvg] hfdsf] ;d:of x6\g'sf 

;fy} k]6«f]lnod kbfy{df x'g] 

rf]/L tyf clgoldttf x6]/ hfg] 

ljZjf; hfgsf/n] lnPsf] 5 . 

k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . 

o;}u/L, k|x/LnfO{ xftkft 

tyf uf8L tf]8kmf]8 ug]{ tLg 

hgfnfO{ sf/jfxL u/]sf] lhNNff 

k|x/L sfof{no df]/ªn] hgfPsf] 

5 . df]/ªsf] s6x/Ll:yt 

dx]zk'/df hfFr ug]{ qmddf 

s6x/L ufpFkflnsf–! lgjf;L 

;'jf]wgf/fo0f rf}w/L, hf]unfn 

rf}w/L / cGt/fd rf}w/Ln] 

k|x/Lsf] 6f]nL;Fu jfbljjfb u/L 

xftkft ug'{sf ;fy} gf ! em 

(@) g+ sf] lksck uf8Ldf 

9'ª\uf k|x/ u/L Iflt k'¥ofPsf] 

k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . 

cn}“rLdf u'0f:t/ vf]hL z'? 

rngrNtLsf] cn} FrLsf] 5'§f5'§} d"No lgwf{/0f 

ePsf] 5 . Jofkf/Ln] u'0f:t/Lo cn} FrL vf]Hg 

yfn]kl5 ls;fg eg] b'Mv kfPsf] atfpF5g\ . 

ufpFdf ;fgf]ltgf] Jofkf/ ug] { e08f/L cfkm} 

klg cn}FrL s[ifs x'g\. 

æljutdf h:tf] cn} FrL klg Pp6} 

efpdf laSYof], t/ clxn] To:tf] 5}gÆ, pgn] 

eg] . ufpFdf ls;fgn] cn}FrLsf] tf}n a9fpg 

a]Rg] a]nf kfgL xfn]/ klg n}hfg] u/]sf lyP 

t/ of] jif{ cn} FrLsf] u'0f:t/nfO{ Wofgdf 

/fv]/ v/Lb laqmL x'g yfn]kl5 cfkm"n] klg 

;f]xLcg';f/ v/Lb laqmL ul//x]sf] pgn] 

atfP . e08f/Lsf] cfˆg} au} Frfdf of] jif{ 

;ft dg cn} FrL kmNof] . To;afx]s s/La 

$) dg cn} FrL v/Lb laqmL u/]sf] pgn] 

atfP . Toltsf cn} FrL sf/f]jf/ ubf{ pgn] 

;a} Go"g u'0f:t/ cyf{t\ rngrNtLsf] 

bfddf dfq} sf/f]jf/ u/] . g;'s]sf] sfFrf], 

9';L cfPsf], k'R5/ gsf6]sf], s'lxPsf] 

cn} FrL ldl;Psf], e§L nufpFbf 89]sf] h:tf 

cn} FrL ahf/df o;kfnL lsga]r gePsf] 

Jofkf/L e08f/Ln] atfP . of] jif{ lhNnfsf 

ahf/df klg cn}FrLsf] sf/f]jf/ u'0f:t/ 

x]/]/ dfq} ul/Psf] cn}FrL Joj;foL ;ª\3n] 

hgfPsf] 5 . cn}FrL Joj;foL dxf;ª\3n] 

lgwf{/0f u/]sf] pRr u'0f:t/Lo, dWod / 

rngrNtLsf] cn}FrLsf] 5'§f5'§} d"Nodf 

cfwfl/t /x]/ sf/f]jf/ eO/x]sf] cn}FrL 

Joj;foL ;ª\3 t]x|y'dsf dxf;lrj t'n;L 

9sfnn] atfP . æklxn]s} u'0f:t/sf] 

cn}FrL o;kfnL ahf/df sf/f]jf/ ePg, 

a? lkmtf{ k7fOof]Æ, pgn] eg] . 9sfnn] 

of] jif{ &)) dg a9L cn}FrL sf/f]jf/ 

u/] . To;dWo] @)) dg dfq} u'0f:t/Lo 

cn}FrL lyof] . afFsL ;a} rngrNtLsf] 

/x]sf] pgn] atfP . æ/fd|f] ;'s]sf], k'R5/ 

sf6]sf], 9';L gknfPsf] / 7"nf] bfgf ePsf] 

cn}FrL u'0f:t/Lodf k5{Æ, pgn] eg] . 

k'R5/ gsf6] klg 7"nf] bfgf ePsf] 

cn} FrL dWod u'0f:t/sf] 7xl/G5 . æ9';L 

knfPsf] / /fd|/L g;'s]sf] cn} FrL u'0f:t/xLg 

xf], d}n] o;kfnL t a]Rg NofOPsf cn} FrL 

k6s–k6s lkmtf{ u/]F, / km]l/ /fd|f] ;'sfP/ 

NofPkl5 dfq} v/Lb u/] FÆ, dxf;lrj 9sfnn] 

eg] . of] jif{ klg ahf/df g;'s]sf] sfFrf], 

9';L knfPsf], k'R5/ gsf6]sf], s'lxPsf] 

cn} FrL ldl;Psf], e§L nufpFbf 89]sf], ahf/ 

Nofpg] a]nf kfgL xfn]sf] cn} FrL w]/} g} lyof] 

t/ lsGg] a]nf Jofkf/Ln] e'OFdf vGofP/ 

bfgf bfgf 5'6fP/ x]/]kl5 u'0f:t/df Wofg 

glbg] ls;fg kmGbfdf k/]sf x'g\ . To;f] t 

u'0f:t/sf] cfwf/df lsga]r x' Fbf ljutb]lvg} 

u'0f:t/Lo cn} FrL kmnfpFb} cfPsf ls;fgnfO{ 

eg] /fxt ldn]sf] 5 . 

c?eGbf /fd|f] cn}FrL pTkfbg u/]/ 

b'O{ k};f ePklg a9L kfpFbf d]xgtL 

ls;fgnfO{ ;Gt'li6 ldNg] Jofkf/L 9sfn 

atfpF5g\ . pgL eG5g\, æpTkfbgdf 

u'0f:t/ gx'g' ls;fgnfO{ To;af/] 

hfgsf/L geP/ klg xf], o;kfnL w]/}n] 

dxTjk"0f{ 6]lnkmf]g gDa/x¿ 

@)&% d+l;/ !# ut], laxLaf/ 


dxflznfdf afnLlj1fgsf] sIff z'? 

k"j{ljBfyL{åf/f sDKo'6/ Nofa :yfkgf 

kj{t -h;_–ljs6 ufpFsf] 

ljBfnodf k"j{ljBfyL{n] ? 

@) nfv vr]{/ sDKo'6/ Nofa 

:yfkgf ul/lbPsf 5g\ . 

dxflznf – % df hGd eO{ 

xfn gjnk'/sf] u}F8fsf]6 a:g] 

gf/fo0f clwsf/Lsf] kl/jf/n] 

b'O{ ljBfnodf sDKo'6/ Nofa 

:yfkgf u/]sf x'g\ . pgsf] 

kl/jf/n] dfljdf Ps sDKo'6/ 

sIf g} lgdf{0f ul/lbPsf] 

5 . ;fy} pQm ljBfnodf 

kmlg{r/;lxt @) sDKo'6/ 

;d]t x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . 

To;}u/L dxflznf – % s} a'4 

k|fylds ljBfnodf ;d]t 

clwsf/L kl/jf/n] 5 sDKo'6/ 

/ kmlg{r/ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . 

o:t} k|fljlws lzIff k9\gsf 

nflu jif]{gL nfvf+}F ?lkofF vr]{/ 

zx/ ahf/ hfg afWo oxfFsf] 

Ps ljs6 ufpFdf afnL lj1fg 

ljifosf] sIff z'? ePsf] 5 . 

dxflznf ufpFkflnsfdf klxnf] 

k6s k|fljlws wf/tkm{sf] 

afnLlj1fg ljifosf] k9fO z'? 

ePsf] xf] . dxflznf–% l:yt 

dx]Gb|Hof]lt dfljdf afnLlj1fg 

ljifodf ;~rflnt sIffsf] xfn} 

/fli6«o;efsf cWoIf u0f]zk|;fb 

ltldlN;gfn] pb\3f6g u/]sf 

5g\ . 

k|fljlws lzIff tyf 

Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\- 

l;l6Ole6L_n]] ;DaGwg lbPkl5 

o;} z}lIfs ;qb]lv klxnf] 

r/0fsf] sIff ;~rfng u/]sf] 

xf] . ljBfnon] k|fljlws P;OO 

txsf] !* dxLg] afnLlj1fg 

ljifosf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng 

ug]{ :jLs[ltsf nflu cfj]bg 

cfw'lgs s[lif pks/0fsf] 

k|of]un] ls;fgnfO{ ;xh 

t'n;Lk'/ -h;_–lhNnfdf 

kl5Nnf] ;dodf cfw'lgs s[lif 

pks/0f lelqP;Fu} v]tLkftL ug{ 

ls;fgnfO{ ;xh ePsf] 5 . v]tL 

nufpg]b]lv :ofxfg{;d]t ljleGg 

s[lif pks/0fsf] k|of]u a9\b} uPsf] 

5 . ufpF3/df uf]? tyf /fFufn] v]t 

hf]Tg], wfg bfO{ nufg] rng lj:tf/} 

x/fpFb} uPsf] 5 . ls;fgn] wfg, ux' 

r'6\g] / hf]Tg;d]t 6«ØfS6/ k|of]u 

ug{ yfn]sf 5g\. ufpF3/df uf]? tyf 

/fFuf kfNg]qmd 36]sf] t'n;Lk'/–$ sf 

ls;fg lrqaxfb'/ jnLn] atfP . 

k|ljlw lelqP;Fu} o;sf] k|of]un] ubf{ 

ls;fgsf] >d sd nfUg] / l56f] 

5l/tf] x'g] pgn] atfP . 

l;s], csf]{ jif{af6 /fd|f] pTkfbg cfpF5 

eGg] cfzf 5 .Æ lhNnfdf cn}FrL v]tL;Fu 

;DalGwt w]/} sfo{qmd ;~rfng eP klg 

u'0f:t/Lo cn}FrL pTkfbg;DaGwL s'g} 

klg sfo{qmd ePsf 5}gg\ . ls;fgnfO{ 

u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbgaf/] yfxf g} 5}g . 

cfkm"nfO{ u'0f:t/Lo cn}FrLsf] 5'§} d"No 

kg]{af/] s]xL yfx} gePsf] cf]ofSh'ªsL 

ls;fg dfntL hf]uLn] atfP . æ;w}Fem}F 

cn}FrL lnP/ uPF, Jofkf/Ln] e'OFdf y'kf/]/ 

cn}FrL x]g'{eof]Æ, pgn] eg], æefp ;w}F 

Pp6} x'GYof], clxn] u'0f:t/sf cfwf/df 

lx;fa u/]/ k};f lnPF .Æ dfntLn] cn}FrLdf 

u'0f:t/sf] s'/f of]eGbf cufl8 slxNo} 

g;'g]sf] atfP . cn}FrL v]tL ls;fgsf 

nflu ;a}eGbf ;lhnf] v]tL xf] . sltko 

ls;fgdf cem} klg cn}FrL eGgf;fy afh]n] 

/f]Kg] / gflt;Ddn] kmndfq} vfO/xg] eGg] 

a'emfO 5 . u'0f:t/Lo cn}FrL pTkfbg ug{ 

ls;fgnfO{ cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u a9fpg 

;'emfPsf] Joj;foL atfpF5g\ t/ ls;fgn] 

eg] cfw'lgs e§L cn}FrL ;'sfpgsf nflu 

vf;} sfd gnfUg] atfpF5g\ . lhNnfsf 

ls;fgnfO{ b'O{ jif{ cl3 pBf]u jfl0fHo 

;ª\3n] !)) j6f cg'bfgdf cfw'lgs e§L 

ljt/0f u/]sf] lyof] t/ clxn] Pp6f klg 

k|of]udf 5}g . ælhNnfsf !)) ls;fgn] 

cfw'lgs e§L kfPsf lyPÆ, dxf;lrj 

9sfnn] eg], æclxn] s;}n] klg k|of]u 

u/]sf] 5}g .Æ 

lbPsfdf kl/ifb\sf] ut ebf} 

@) ut]sf] a}7sn] z}lIfs 

;q @)&%÷&^ b]lv ;DaGwg 

lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . 

pQm ;DaGwg k|fKt u/];Fu} 

ljBfnodf clxn] $) ljBfyL{ 

afnLlj1fg ljifodf egf{ 

eO;s]sf 5g\ . x/]s jif{ 

$) hgfsf] b/n] ljBfyL{NffO{ 

egf{ lnP/ k9fOg] ljBfnosf 

k|wfgfWofks uf]kfn clwsf/Ln] 

hfgsf/L lbP . 

kl/ifb\n] z'?df b'O{ jif{sf 

nflu c:yfoL ;DaGwg lbPsf] 

xf] . dxflznfdf lhNnfd} 

klxnf] k6s afnLlj1fg 

ljifodf k9fO z'? ePkl5 

;du| lhNnfsf ;fy} l5d]sL 

lhNnf :ofª\hf, afun'ª / 

u'NdL;Ddsf ljBfyL{ klg 

cWoogsf nflu egf{ ePsf] 

dxflznf – % sf cWoIf 

hLjgljqmd pRr}n] hfgsf/L 

lbP . pgsf cg';f/ ;f] dflj 

ufpFkflnsfs} s]Gb|laGb'df 

kg]{ ePsfn] ;f]xL ljBfnodf 

afnLlj1fgsf] sIff ;~rfng 

ul/Psf] xf] . k9fO z'? o; 

ljBfnodf eP klg clGtd 

k/LIff eg] k/LIff lgoGq0f 

sfof{noaf6 g} ;~rfng 

ul/g] k|c clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/L 

lbP . 

pgsf cg';f/ afnLlj1fg 

ljifodf cWoog ug{sf nflu 

P;OO k/LIffdf h'g;'s} >]0fLdf 

pQL0f{ eP klg egf{ eP/ k9\g 

kfpg]5g\ . k/Dk/fut ljifodf 

dfq} k9fO x'Fbf jif]{gL ufpFdf 

a]/f]huf/ o'jfsf] ;ª\Vof a9\b} 

hfg yfn]kl5 s[lif k|fljlwssf] 

k9fOsf nflu dfu ul/Psf] xf] . 

pQm ljBfnodf afnLlj1fg 

sIff ;~rfngsf nflu 

ufpFkflnsfn] klg cfjZos 

;xof]u ug]{ cWoIf /fh' kf}8]nn] 

hfgsf/L lbP . 

/fd|f] nAwfª\s NofP/ 

pQL0f{ x'g] ljBfyL{ pRr 

lzIffsf nflu zx/ ahf/df 

hfg] eP klg cfly{s ?kdf 

sdhf]/ / P;OOdf klg sd 

>]0fL k|fKt u/]sfsf] afnLlj1fg 

ljifosf] k9fOdf cfsif{0f 

a9]]sf] j8fWoIf pRr}sf] egfO 

5 . clxn];Dd o; If]qsf 

ljBfyL{ s[liftkm{sf] afnLlj1fg 

ljifo cWoog ug{sf nflu 

d':tfª, sf:sL jf sf7df8f}F 

hfg] u/]sf lyP . 

s]/f v]tLdf uef/f] / Psflwsf/sf] ;d:of 

kz'kltgu/ -h;_– 

Onfdsf] blIf0fL If]qsf] dfO{ 

gu/kflnsfdf s]/f v]tLdf 

uef/f] /f]u km}lnPkl5 ls;fg 

lrlGtt ag]sf 5g\ . 

/f]u lgoGq0f / ahf/Ls/0fdf 

;/sf/L ;xof]u gx'Fbf eg]h:tf] 

cfDbfgL lng g;s]sf] ls;fgsf] 

u'gf;f] 5 . bIf k|fljlwssf] 

cefjdf ls;fgsf s]/f 

aufg uef/f] /f]un] ;vfk x'Fb} 

uPsf] / s]/f laqmL ubf{ klg 

Psflwsf/sf] ;d:of ef]Ug'k/]sf] 

gu/kflnsf–@ sf k|jL0f 9fsfnn] 

atfP . dfO{ gu/kflnsf, 

r'nfr'nL ufpFkflnsf / 

dfª\;]a'ª ufpFkflnsfsf] tNnf] 

If]qdf a9L s]/f v]tL x'Fb} 

cfPsf] 5 t/ k|fljlws ;xof]u 

gkfpFbf o;nfO{ Jofj;flos 

¿k lbg g;lsPsf] ToxfFsf 

ls;fgsf] u'gf;f] 5 . To; 

If]qdf tLg xhf/ a9L ls;fgn] 

s]/f v]tL ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . 

o; If]qdf pTkflbt 

s]/f lbgx'F emfkfsf] zlgZr/], 

latf{df]8 x'Fb} sf7df8f}Fsf] 

sfnLdf6L ahf/df k'Ug] ub{5 . 

pTkflbt clwsf+z s]/f emfkfsf] 

ch{'gwf/f gu/kflnsfl:yt 

zlgZr/]df ;ª\sng eO{ 

sf7df8f}F k7fpg] ul/Psf] dfO{ 

gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v bLks 

y]j]n] atfP . blIf0fL If]qdf 

pTkflbt s]/f …sfnLvf]nfsf] 

s]/fÚ gfdn] sf7df8f}Fdf klg 

nf]slk|o ag]sf] 5 . s]/f v]tL 

ubf{ cfDbfgLsf ;fy;fy} cGo 

af]6 lj?jfsf] ;+/If0f;d]t x'g] 

ePsfn] ls;fg s]/f v]tLdf 

cfslif{t ePsf x'g\ . dnhn 

/ k|fljlws ;]jf gkfpFbf 

eg]h:tf] cfDbfgL lng 

g;s]sf] ls;fgsf] u'gf;f] 5 . 

ls;fgn] lrgLrDkf, dfnef]u, 

w';|], emk|L, hxfhL hftsf s]/f 

ldl>t¿kdf v]tL ug{] u/]sf 

5g\ . ;/sf/L:t/af6 k|fljlws 

;xof]u gkfpFbf s]/fsf] af]6 g} 

;'Sg] / uef/f] /f]usf sf/0f 

d]xgtcg';f/sf] cfDbfgL 

lng g;s]sf] ls;fg ;Gt/fd 

of]ª\xfªn] atfP . 

tTsfnLg lhNnf s[lif 

ljsf; sfof{non] b'O{ jif{cl3 

df]/ªsf] sfg]kf]v/Laf6 b'O{ 

xhf/ pGgt hftsf] /f]a]:6«f 

hftsf] s]/fsf la?jf NofP/ 

ls;fgnfO{ ljt/0f u/] klg 

To;kl5 dnhn / s]/fv]tL 

k|j4{gsf] sfo{qmd gNofPsf] 

gu/kflnsfl:yt s[lif 

;]jf s]G› k|d'v clgns'df/ 

ltlD;gfn] atfP . r'/] If]qdf 

s]/f v]tLsf] pRr ;Defjgf 

ePkl5 rfn" cfly{s jif{b]lv 

gu/kflnsfn] s]/f v]tLnfO{ 

t];|f] v]tLdf /fv]sf] 5 . 

s]/f v]tLnfO{ ls;fgsf] t];|f] 

cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]tdf /fv]/ 

rfn' cfjb]lv k|j4{gsf] sfd 

z'? ePsf] gu/ k|d'v y]j]n] 

atfP . æblIf0fL If]qsf] df6f] 

/ xfjfkfgL s]/fv]tLsf nflu 

cToGt} /fd|f] 5Æ, pgn] eg], 

æxfdLn] *)) ld6/ dfly 

skmL, tNnf] If]qdf ;'kf/L;Fu} 

s]/f v]tLsf] k|j4{gsf nflu 

lj1 6f]nL agfP/ cWoog 

ul//x]sf 5f}F .Æ 

k|f/lDes cWoogaf6 

s]/fv]tLdf uef/f] /f]u 

lgoGq0f ug{'kg]{ / emfkfsf] 

zlgZr/]df /x]sf Jofkf/Laf6 

ePsf] ahf/Ls/0fsf] Psflwsf/ 

cGTosf nflu cfkm}F …cS;g 

ahf/Ú -df]ndf]nfO ahf/_ 

vf]Ng] of]hgf agfPsf] 

k|d'v y]j]n] hfgsf/L lbP . 

gu/kflnsf–$ l:yt z'qmaf/]df 

s[lif ahf/sf] cS;g ahf/ 

agfpg] / k|zf]wg s]Gb| vf]n]/ 

Kofs]lhª;Ddsf] sfd ug]{ 

of]hgf agfOPsf] 5 . emfkfsf] 

ch{'gwf/fl:yt zlgZr/]df 

Jofkf/Lsf] Psflwsf/ tf]8\g 

hd{g ;xof]u ;+:yf 

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elgPsf] ædlb/f pTkfbg / 

ljlqm ljt/0fsf] lgodg tyf 

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dlb/fhGo kbfy{ pTkfbgsf] 

lj1fkg, k|sf;g tyf k|;f/0f 

ug{, ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf xf]l8{ª, 

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v]ns'b, sG;{6, ;fj{hlgs 

sfo{qmdsf] k|fof]hgdf /f]s 

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k|j{4gdf /f]s nufpg' / ljlqm 

ljt/0fdf xf:of:kb 9+ujf6 

;do l;df tf]Sg' cfkm}df 

lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ ePsf] g]kfn 

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k|sflzt ul/ hgfPsf] xf] . 

…o:tf u}/lhDd]jf/ tyf 

u}/Joj;flos lgltlgodn] 

km:6fpb} uPsf] dlb/fhGo 

pBf]u / ko{6g Joj;fosf 

;fy} :jtGq?kdf hgtfnfO{ 

;'rgf k|jfx ub}{ cfPsf 

;~rf/ pBf]u / v'Nnf Jofkf/ 

cy{tGqsf] w/f]x/ Pjd 

pkef]StfnfO{ j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] 

jf/]df ;";'lrt u/fpg] z;St 

dfWod lj1fkgnfO{ ;d]t 

k|ltjGw nufpg' / o;jf6 

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vf]l;g] lglZrt 5Ú, ;+3n] 

a'waf/ hf/L u/]sf] lj1lKtdf 

5 . 

;+3n] xfn} ;/sf/n] 

NofPsf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 

Joj:yfn] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 

>ldssf] /f]huf/ ;'/Iff ljkl/t 

of] lglt b]lvPsf] pNn]v u/]sf] 

5 . …;fy} ljlqmsf cfwf/df 

c/jf+}sf] /fhZj bflvnf ug]{ 

pBf]lu / lj1fkg Joj;foaf6 

s/f]8f}sf] /fhZj bflvnf 

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xtf]T;flxt jgfpg]tkm{ 

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tyf sfof{b]z hfl/ ug'{ k"j{ 

;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?;+u 

klg o;sf nfe tyf xflgsf 

ljifodf /fHon] k/fd{z 

ul/ cufl8 j9]df eljiodf 

/fHon] hfl/ ug]{ P]g tyf 

lgodsfg'g ljafb/lxt x'g] 

g]kfn lj1fkg ;+3sf] j'emfO{ 

5 . To;}n] ;/sf/n] nfu' ug{ 

nfluPsf] elgPsf] sfo{fb]zsf] 

k'g{ljrf/ x'g' h?/L 5 h:sf] 

nflu ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos 

k/fd{z ;'emfj lbg ;+3 tof/ 

5,Ú;+3sf] lj1lKtdf 5 . 

hd{gL gful/såo 8f= d]lyo; 

jfpdg / k|]ms :6]jn/ ;Ddflgt 

sf7df8f}+ -h;_– ;+:s[lt, 

ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og 

dGqfnosf ;lrj s[i0f k|;fb 

b]jsf]6fn] g]kfnsf] ;d|u 

ljsf; ko{6gaf6 dfq} ;Dej 

x'g] atfPsf 5g\ . pgn] 

lxdfnog z]kf{ kmfpG8];gn] 

h:t} c? lghL If]qn] sfd 

u/] g]kfnsf] ljsf; vf]Hg w]/} 

;do gnfUg] atfPsf 5g\ . 

lxdfnog z]kf{ kmfpG8];gåf/f 

cfof]lht ;dfh;]jL ;Ddfg 

sfo{qmddf ;lrj b]jsf]6fn] 

g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf] nflu 

cxf]/fq nflu kl//xg] hd{gL 

gful/s åo 8f=d]lyo; jfpdg 

/ k|]ms :6]jn/nfO{ clegGbg 

u/]sf lyP . cleGglbt 

jfpdg hd{gsf] Tubingen 

Medical University sf 

jl/i7 ;h{/L 8fS6/ ;d]t x'g\ . 

;fy} pgn] ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f 

ul/;s]sf 5g\ . olt dfq 

geO{ g]kfndf k/]sf ljleGg 

ljkb\df klg ;w} ;xof]u ug]{ 

Ps h'emf? Gfful/s x'g\ . ;g\ 

@)!$ df ;u/dfyfsf] cfwf/ 

lzlj/df lxd klx/f] cfpFbf] !^ 

hgf eGbf a9L cf/f]xLx?sf] 

lgbfg x'Fbf pgn] ToxfF k'uL 

b'3{6gfdf k/]sf cf/f]xLx?nfO{ 

arfpg] sfo{ / d[ts 

cf/f]xLx?sf] vf]hL sfo{df 

Jofks nfUg' ePsf lyP . 

To;}u/L g]kfndf e"sDk uPsf] 

va/ kfPkl5 k'gM g]kfndf 

cfO e"sDklkl8t, la/fdLx?sf] 

;]jf u/]sf lyP eg] w]/} 

eTs]sf ef}lts ;+/rgfx?sf] 

tof/L sfo{df klg ;+nUg 

ePsf lyP . 

csf{ cleGglbt JolQm 

k|]ms :6]jn/ eg] /]l:nª ljh]tf 

x'g\ . pgn] ;g\ @)!%, @)!^ 

tyf @)!* u/L # k6s ljZj 

/]l:nª lhlt;s]sf 5g\ . ;fy} 

pgn] lxdfnog z]kf{ c:ktfn 

lgdf{0f sfo{df cfly{s ;+sng 

ug{sf nflu g]kfn cfPsf 

lyP . ljZj ljh]tf x'g] a]nfdf 

;d]t pgn] g]kfn / lxdfnog 

z]kf{ c:ktfn lgdf{0fsf] s'/f 

/fVb} cfly{s ;+sng sfo{df 

ljz]if e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf 

5g\ . lxdfnog z]kf{ kmfpG8];gn] 

lgdf{0f u/]sf] ;f] lxdfnog 

z]kf{ xl:k6n v'Da' kf;fª Nxfd" 

ufpFkflnsf j8f g+ # kmflSbª 

If]qdf kb{5 . kmfpG8];gsf 

cWoIf km'jf{ UofNh]g z]kf{nn] 

;f] c:ktfn lgz'Ns ;]jf lbg] 

p2]Zon] vf]lnPsf] hfgsf/L 

lbP . sfo{qmddf b]zsf Vofltk|fKt 

jl/i7 ko{6g Joj;foLx?, 6fg, 

NMA, NTB tyf OG/6«S6/ 

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afSnf] pkl:yltdf /x]sf] lyof] . 

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sf7df8f} +-h;_–b]zsf] b'u{d 

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g]kfnsf gfoa k|d'v sfo{sf/L 

clws[t chos'df/ ld> / g]kfn 

g]qHof]lt ;+3sf cWoIf k|f= 8f= 

lty{k|;fb ld>n] ;+emf}tf kqdf 

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tyf ljkGg ;d'bfonfO{ nlIft ul/ 

lgMz'Ns cfFvf lzlj/ ;+rfng ul/g] 

5 . lzlj/df df]ltlaGb'sf] ck/]zg 

ug{' kg]{ lj/fdLsf] lgMz'Ns ck/]zg 

ug{'sf] ;fy} cfjZos cf}ifwL tyf 

rZdf ljt/0f ul/g] hgfPsf] 

5 . o; aif{ /;'jf, /fd]5fk, /f]Nkf / 

x'Dnfdf :jf:Yo lzlj/ ;+rfng ug]{ 

sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 . :jf:Yo lzlj/df 

cfFvf pkrf/sf] ;fy} :qL tyf k|;"lt 

/f]u;Fu ;DalGw la/fdLsf] kl/If0f 

ug{ 'sf] ;fy} cfªv:g] ;d:of 

ePsf dlxnfx?sf] lgMz'Ns 

ck/]zgsf] ;d]t Joj:yf 

ldnfOg] 5 . ut cfly{s aif{df 

l;Gw'kfNrf]s, ndh'ª, c3f{vfFrL / 

h'Dnfdf ul/Psf] :jf:Yo lzlj/df 

*@ hgfsf] df]ltlaGb'sf] lgMz'Ns 

ck/]zg, & hgf dlxnfx?sf] 

kf7]3/sf] lgMz'Ns ck/]zg ul/Psf] 

lyof] eg] sl/j $))) hgtfx?sf] 

:jf:Yo kl/If0f u/L lgMz'Ns cf}iflw 

ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . 

skf]{/]6 

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sf7df8f}+-h;_–g]kfn OGe]i6d]06 a}+s ln=n] ;'b"/klZrd lhNnf 

bfr{'nfdf zfvf lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 . k|b]z g+= & df kg]{ bfr{'nfsf] 

b'x' ufpFkflnsfl:yt lxlsnfdf cfˆgf] &*cf}+ zfvf lj:tf/ u/]sf] 

xf] . ;b/d'sfdaf6 !( lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/Ldf /x]sf] cltljs6 If]q 

b'x' uflj;df !! xhf/ hg;+Vof a;f]af; u5{g\ . ltÍf/ ;8sv08 

cGtu{t b'x'sf :yfgLosf] d'Vo k]zf h8La'6L xf] . a}+sn] u|fdL0f 

If]qsf ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;d]t 

;xh a}+lsª ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ 

pb]Zon] k|b]z cg';f/ ljQLo 

;+hfn gk'u]sf If]qdf zfvf 

lj:tf/ ug]{ of]hgf cg';f/ 

zfvf lj:tf/sf] cleofgnfO{ 

lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 ;fy} 

ljkGg ju{ shf{tkm{ k|ToIf 

@% xhf/ JolQmnfO{ ? $ ca{ !! s/f]8 nufgL ug]{ g]kfn OGe]i6d]06 

a}+s ln= Ps dfq a}+s /x]sf] 5 . gf} nfveGbf a9L pkef]Qmf /x]sf] 

g]kfn OGe]i6d]06 a}+s ln=sf] !)& j6f Pl6Pd k'u]sf] 5 . a}+ssf] 

;+hfndf le;f tyf PglkPg ;b:o a} +ssf !,))) a9L Pl6Pd /x]sf 

5g eg] # xhf/ a9L k; 6ld{gn h8fg eO;s]sf 5g\ . a} +ssf] * j6f 

PS:6]G;g sfpG6/, $( j6f zfvf/lxt a} +lsª ;'ljwf tyf gf} j6f /fhZj 

;+sng s]G› 5g . o"/f]dlg cjf8{–pTs[i6 a} +s g]kfn– @)!* lht]sf] a} +sn] 

kfFr k6s;Dd a}+s ckm b Oo/ cjf8{ k|fKt ul/;s]sf]] 5 . 

lk|ldo/ l:6nsf] k|f]8S6 nGr sfo{qmd 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–lk|ldo/ :6Ln k|f=ln=n] k|f]8S6 nGrOe]G6 

sfo{qmd ;kmntfk"j{s ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . o; sfo{qmddf sDkgLn] 

pTkfbg u/]sf pTkfbgx?sf] hfgsf/L lbg'sf ;fy} ljqm]tfx?nfO{ 

ˆofS6«L cjnf]sg ;d]t u/fO{ pTkfbgsf qmddf x'g] k|lqmof Pj+ 

u'0f:t/Lotfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L 

;d]t lbOPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf 

zf/bf U?ksf cWoIf lzj/Tg 

zf/8f, cg'k zf/8f, sDkgLsf 

k|fljlws k|d'v clelht l;+xsf] 

pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . cWoIf 

zf/8fn] pBf]un] * b]lv #@ 

PdPdsf kmnfd] 8G8Lsf] pTkfbg 

Ps 306fdf $) 6gsf b/n] pTkfbg ug{;Sg] pBf]usf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 

hfgsf/L lbP . cWoIf zf/8fn] @) 306f pBf]u ;~rfng u/]/ $ 306f 

d]G6]g]G; ul/g] atfpFb} clxn];Dds} ;a}eGbf cfw'lgs / pGgt k|sf/sf] 

ef/tLo d]l;gaf6 kmnfd] 8G8Lsf] pTkfbg ul/g] bfaL u/] . 

ul/df ljsf; a}+ssf] zfvf bdsdf 

sf7df8f}+-h;_– ul/df ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8n] emfkfsf] bdsdf 

gofF zfvf lj:tf/ u/L zfvf sfof{no pb\3f6g u/]sf] 5 . zfvf 

sfof{nosf] pb\3f6g bds 

gu/dflnsfsf d]o/ /fdgfy cf]nLn] 

u/]sf lyP . pQm zfvf pb\3f6g;Fu} 

ul/df ljsf; a}+ssf] k|b]z g+=! sf] 

emfkf, df]/Ë / ;'g;/Ldf ( j6f 

zfvf sfof{no ;+rfngdf 5g\ . 

xfn o; ljsf; a}+ssf] xfn sf7df8f}+df * j6f zfvf ;lxt 

s'n ^^ zfvf / !% j6f P6LPd ;+rfngdf 5g\ . ljsf; a}+sn] l5§}g} 

k;f{sf] jL/u+h, lrtjgsf] 6f+8L / ldngrf]s, bfËsf] t'N;Lk'/, af+s]sf] 

sf]xnk'/, s~rgk'/sf] dx]G›gu/, sf:sLsf] x]Dhf, g'jfsf]6sf] a§f/ / 

ndh'Ësf] a];Lzx/df zfvf sfof{no vf]Nb}5 . 

;flgdf hg/n OG:of]/]G;sf] yk zfvf nlntk'/df 

sf7df8f} +-h;_–;flgdf hg/n 

OG:of]/]G;n] nlntk'/ zfvf lj:tf/ 

u/]sf] 5 . sDkgLsf ;+rfns 8f= 

dfl0fs nfn >]i7n] pQm zfvf 

;d'pb\3f6g u/]sf x'g\ . sfo{qmddf 

sDkgLsf gfoa dxfk|jGws ;'af]wnfn 

>]i7, sDkgLsf ;xfos dxf k|jGws 

/fh' kf}8]n nufotsf] pkl:ylt lyof] . 

kf6g If]qdf /x]sf pBf]uL Aoj;foLx?nfO{ jLdfsf] ;]jf ;j{;'ne k'/fpg] 

p2]Zon] o; If]qdf zfvf lj:tf/ ul/Psf] sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 . 

;g g]kfn nfOkm OG:of]/]G;4f/f 

;'v]{tsf] d]xns'gfdf aLdf hfu/0f 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–g]kfn nfOkm OG:of]/]G; sDkgL4f/f ;'v]{tsf] 

d]xns'gfdf aLdf hfu/0f cleofg tyf clestf{ ;Ddfg sfo{qmd 

;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmd 

sDkgLsf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t 

/fhs'df/ cof{n / dxfk|aGws 

sdn/fh uf}tdsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf 

;DkGg ePsf] 5 . Jofks :yfgLo 

hg;d'bfosf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] pQm 

sfo{qmddf pTs[i7 clestf{x?nfO{ 

;Ddfg u/]sf 5g\ . sDkgLsf k|d'v 

sfo{sf/L clws[t /fhs'df/ cof{n / dxf k|aGws sdn/fh uf}tdn] 

hLjgaLdfsf] dxTjjf/] k|sfz kf/]sf 5g\ . 

u'/f“; nfO{kmåf/f /sd x:tfGt/0f 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–u'/fF; nfOkm 

OG:of]/]G; sDkgLn] d[To'bfaLafktsf] 

bfjL /sd e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . 

sDkgLn] j}b]lzs /f]huf/ DofbL hLjg 

aLdfcGtu{t aLdf u/fPsf tgx'Frf]s 

lr;fkfgL -xfn M efg' gu/kflnsf 

j8f g+= !)_ lgjf;L aLldt lji0f' 

afa' ltjf/Lsf] cf]dfgdf b'3{6gfdf k/L 

d[To' ePsf] bfjL e'QmfgLafktsf] /sd aLdLtsf] >LdtL k|ltdf kf}8]nnfO{ 

!$ nfv ?k}ofF sDkgLsf ;xfos dxfk|aGws afnd's'Gb ?kfv]tL Ps 

sfo{qmdsfaLr r]sdfkm{t d[To'bfaL e'QmfgL x:tfGt/0f u/]sf x'g\ . 

sf=lh=k|=sf=b=g+= @*)÷)^$÷)^% 

d=If]=x'=lg=b=g+= )#÷)&)÷&! 

d]uf a}+sn] a'6jndf k|fb]lzs sfof{no vf]Ng] 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–d]uf a}+s 

g]kfn lnld6]8n] k|fb]lzs 

sfof{nosf nflu a'6jndf 

cTofw'lgs ejgsf] lznfGof; 

u/]sf] 5 . k|b]z gDa/ % sf] 

k|fb]lzs sfof{nosf nflu 

a'6jnsf] ldngrf]sdf cfˆg} 

hldgdf cTofw'lgs ejgsf] 

lznfGof; ul/Psf] xf] . d]uf 

a}+ssf cWoIf ef]haxfb'/ zfx 

/ k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t 

cg'kdf v'~h]nLn] a'waf/ Ps 

;df/f]xsf aLr ;+o'Qm ?kdf 

ejgsf] lznfGof; u/] . 

d]uf a}+ssf] k~raifL{o 

/0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf cg';f/ 

;ft} k|b]zdf k|b]z sfof{no 

:yfkgf u/]/ a}+lsª kx'Fr 

j[l4 u/L /f]huf/d'ns Pj+ 

pTkfbgd'ns If]qdf ul/g] 

nufgLsf] a9f]Q/L ug]{ nIo 

/x]sf] cWoIf zfxn] atfP . 

…;d[4 g]kfn, ;'vL g]kfnLÚ eGg] 

;/sf/L gf/fnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{ 

s[lif, ko{6g, ef}lts k"jf{wf/, 

hnljB't, lzIff, :jf:Yo If]qsf 

pBdL Jofj;foL;Fu xft]dfnf] 

ug{ d]uf a}+s tof/ /x]sf] eGb} 

pgn] ;xsfo{sf nflu cfXjfg 

klg u/] . 

a}+sn] o;cl3 g} a'6jndf 

k|fb]lzs sfof{no :yfkgf u/L 

sf/f]af/nfO{ s]G›Lt ul//x]sf] 

5 . cfufdL !! dlxgfleq 

cTofw'lgs ejg lgdf{0f 

u/L cfˆg} sfof{noaf6 ;]jf 

k|bfg ug]{ of]hgf u/]sf] k|d'v 

sfo{sf/L clws[t v'~h]nLn] 

atfP . d]uf a}+ssf] sf/f]af/ 

pT;fxhgs b]lvPsf] atfpFb} 

l;Ocf] v'~h]nLn] rfn' cfly{s 

jif{sf] klxnf] q}dfl;s cjlwdf 

$) s/f]8 $% nfv ?k}Fof 

v'b d'gfkmf ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 

hfgsf/L klg lbP . pgsf 

cg';f/, a}+ssf] s"n lgIf]k 

cl3Nnf] aif{sf] t'ngfdf @^ 

ca{ @& s/f]8n] j[l4 eO{ @)&% 

cflZjg d;fGtdf ^^ ca{ !! 

s/f]8 ?k}Fof k'u]sf] 5 h'g ^^ 

k|ltztsf] j[l4 xf] . To;}u/L, 

shf{ tyf ;fk6L @^ ca{ %$ 

s/f]8n] j[l4 eO{ ^@ ca{ @% 

s/f]8 sfod ePsf] 5 . 

ejg lznfGof; 

sfo{qmddf a}+ssf ;xfos 

gfoa k|d'v sfo{sf/L 

clws[t /ljgf b]z/fh >]i7, 

k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t 

t'n;L/fd kf]v/]n tyf a'6jn 

If]qsf pBdL, Jofj;foL tyf 

gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfx?sf] 

;xeflutf lyof] . a}+ssf] xfn 

!)@ j6f zfvf, !* j6f 

PS6]gzg sfpG6/, !!( j6f 

zfvf/lxt a}+lsª s]G›x?, @ 

xhf/ # ;o eGbf a9L d]uf 

/]dL6 ;~hfn / &( j6f 

P6LPd ;~rfngdf /x]sf 

5g\ . 

e'QmfgL k|0ffnL ;xh agfpg 

cfodfs{sf] aLkL;L;“u ;xsfo{ 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–g]kfnsf] 

Jofkf/ e'QmfgLsf ;du| If]qnfO{ 

ljB'lto k|0ffnL dfkm{t ;xh 

agfpg l:jh/Nof08df /x]sf] 

aLkL;L a}+lsª 6]Sgf]nf]hLnL;Fu 

cfOdfs{n] ;xsfo{ u/]sf] 

5 . a}+lsª sf8{ k|0ffnLnfO{ 

l8lh6n k|0ffnLdf kl/jt{g 

ug{ aLkL;L;Fusf] ;xsfo{df 

cfOdfs{n] g]kfndf :df6{ le:6f 

l:jr ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . 

:df6{ le:6fn] ljZjsf sof}F a}+s 

tyf ljlQo ;+:yfx?sf] sf8{ 

k|0ffnLnfO{ l8lh6n k|0ffnLdf 

?kfGt/0f ul/;s]sf] 5 . 

d+unaf/ /fhwfgLdf 

cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf aLkL;L 

a}+lsª 6]Sgf]nf]hLsf pkfWoIf 

tyf Plzof Kofz]lkmssf k|aGw 

lgb]{zs /fhg P; gf/fo0fn] 

;f] k|ljlwsf af/]df hfgsf/L 

u/fP . pgn] eg], …:df6{ 

le:6fn] clxn]sf] ;dfhnfO{ 

Sof; n]; ;dfhdf ?kfGt/0f 

ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf 

v]N5 .Ú pgsf cg';f/ ;du| 

If]qsf ;+:yfx? l8lh6n a}+lsª 

k|0ffnLdf cfj4 eP/ nfeflGjt 

x'g ;Sg]5g\ . o;n] Aofkf/ / 

;du| If]qsf] e'QmfgLnfO{ ;xh 

agfpg]5 . aLkL;L a}+lsª 

6]Sgf]nf]hLsf] :yfkgf ;g\ 

!((% df ePsf] xf] . h;sf] 

g]kfn ;fem]bf/sf ?kdf ;g 

@))& df :yfkgf ePsf] 

cfOdfs{ k|fln /x]sf] 5 . 

h;n] xfn;Dd g]kfnsf sl/a 

&) k|ltzt a}+s tyf ljQLo 

;+:yfx?nfO{ ljljw ?kdf Sof; 

n]; ;f];fO6Lsf] lgdf0f{df 

;xhLs/0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . 

aLkL;L a}+lsª 

6]Sgf]nf]hLsf] :df6{ le:6f 

Pl6Pd :jLr ljZjsf &# eGbf 

a9L b]zsf b'O{ ;o eGbf a9L 

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] 

k|of]u ub}{ cfO{/x]sf 5g\ . ;f] 

cj;/df cfOdfs{ k|flnsf 

k|aGw lgb]{zs /fdk|;fb 

9'+ufgfn] ljZj;gLo e'QmfgL 

dfWodsf ?kdf ;]jf lbg / 

;]jf kl5 klg alnof] ;DaGw 

lj:tf/sf nflu cfOdfs{ 

sl6j4 /x]sf] atfP . cfOdfs{n] 

g]kfnsf] a}+lsª If]qnfO{ 

l8lh6nfOh u/fpg ljut 

P3f/ aif{b]lv Ps bh{g a9L 

jfl0fHo a}+sx?;Fu ;xsfo{ 

ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . cfOdfs{ 

e'QmfgLsf] dfWod dfq geO{ 

a}+lsª If]qsf] ;du| k|fljlws 

e'QmfgLsf] cGj]ifs klg xf] . 

hg;]jL n3'ljQn] sdfof] @) nfv &# xhf/ 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–hg;]jL 

n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf lnld6]8n] 

rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] 

q}df;df @) nfv &# xhf/ 

?k}ofF v'Fb gfkmf sdfPsf] 5 . 

of] n3'ljQsf] o:tf] gfkmf ut 

cfjsf] ;f]xL cjlwdf hDdf 

! nfv ^$ xhf/ ?k}ofF dfq} 

lyof] . of] ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf 

kF'hL ( s/f]8 *) nfv ?k}ofF 

5 . hu]8f sf] ifdf &% nfv 

/x]sf] o;sf] lnPsf] ;kf6L 

/sd #! s/f]8 &$ nfv ?k}ofF 

5 .of] ljQLo ;+:yfn] u/]sf] 

lgIf]k ;+sng !# s/f]8 () 

nfv 5 eg] o;sf] shf{ ;fk6L 

$* s/f]8 *^ nfv ?k}ofF 

/x]sf] 5 . of] ljQLo ;+:yfn] 

rfn" cfjsf] klxnf] q}df;df 

! s/f]8 (^ nfv ?k}ofF Jofh 

cfDbfgL u/]sf] lyof] eg] 

o;afktsf] vr{ ! s/f]8 ^ 

nfv /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 o;n] 

v'Fb Jofh cfDbfgL *( nfv 

*& xhf/ u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] 

;+rfng d'gfkmf #@ nfv %* 

xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . 

;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ j}b]lzs 

/f]huf/Lsf] nflu xfdL sxfF l;wf} 

;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf, xfdL tkfO{sf] Ifdtf 

cg';f/sf] /f]huf/Ldf k7fpg] 5f}+ . 

Kof/f8fO{h OG6/g]zgn k|f=ln= 

av'N8f]n, nlntk'/, kmf]g M %%#$)$@, %%@@)^#, %%##$#% 

E-mail : pparadise@wilnk.com.np, 

Website : www.paradisemanpower.com 

hg;jfn klAns]zg k|f=ln=åf/f k|sflzt, sfof{noM b/af/dfu{, sf7df8f}+, kmf]g÷k\mofS;M )!–$@^%^(&÷$@@!*$(, d'b|sM PS;k|]; sn/ k|]; k|f=ln=, E-mail: janasawalnews@gmail.com, cWoIf÷;DkfbsM /fdhL aufn]

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