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labour markets. 1 This is not necessarily true in our view, as the empirical evidence providedby many of these studies is only investigating whether or not Heckscher-Ohlin principles areat work in the world economy. However, because globalisation involves more than a rise ininter-industry trade flows between advanced and developing countries, these studies do notreally test whether globalisation is harmful to the low-skilled in the advanced countries. Thatis why we look for an alternative trade explanation in which globalisation may affect labourmarkers through channels that are not captured in the simple Heckscher-Ohlin model. Themodel we build is able to capture a larger number of new aspects of the recent globalisationwave and is therefore in principle better suited to analyse the relation between globalisationand labour markets.A second reason to investigate the link between globalisation and labour markets from a neweconomic geography perspective originates from some important facts on the global labourmarket which the Heckscher-Ohlin model can not explain even in principle. First, althoughthe Heckscher-Ohlin model unambiguously predicts that globalisation is harmful to the lowskilledin the advanced countries (either through a rise of wage inequality between the lowskilledand high-skilled or through a rise in the unemployment rates of low-skilled workers),empirical evidence shows that not all the advanced countries have indeed experienced such adeterioration of the labour market position of the low-skilled workers. In our view, this is (atleast, partially) related to the fact that not all the advanced countries have experienced asimilar form (and extent) of globalisation. Some countries have faced a considerable rise intheir North-South trade flows, while for some other countries the import competition stemsfrom the rise in North-North trade flows. Since our model is able to analyse both North-Southas well as North-North integration, we will argue that our model provides a richer frameworkto investigate the link between globalisation and the labour market. In addition, whereas theHeckscher-Ohlin model predicts that the wages of workers of a similar skill in the advancedcountries and the developing countries will be equalised, empirical evidence shows that thewages of both high-skilled and low-skilled workers in the advanced countries are generallyhigher than the corresponding wages in the developing countries. Furthermore, an empiricalinvestigation of the wages around the world suggests that distance is a main determinant ofwage levels. Given that the existence of such a so-called spatial wage structure is notinconsistent within the new economic geography, we will argue that the latter frameworkallows us to deal with an important labour market fact.A third reason to investigate the subject at hand from the new economic geographyperspective is the fact that it gives us a framework in which location (or distance) can beanalysed explicitly. This is important because location definitely matters. A bird's eye view ofthe world shows that the world is divided in centers of production (North America, WesternEurope, South-East Asia including Japan) and peripheral areas (large parts of South Americaand Asia, Africa, Middle East, as well as Australia and New Zealand). It is likely that such anagglomerative pattern also has an impact on international trade flows, and hence on the formand the impact of globalisation. Many applications of the so-called gravity equation haveindeed demonstrated that the size of an economy and distance are powerful explanatoryvariables in international trade flows. Because the new economic geography literatureprovides us with a framework in which location decisions can be analysed, it allows us notonly to explain why such agglomerations occur, but also whether and how globalisationaffects the location decisions of economic agents which in turn will have an impact on thelabour markets.1 See for instance Bound and Johnson (1992), Lawrence and Slaughter (1993), Berman, Bound and Griliches(1994) and Berman, Bound and Machin (1997).
3News LetterNR.I · JULI 2002Der Kardinal-Großmeister erneuerte das Mandatder Schulkommission –Das erste Meeting der neuen Kommission fand in Romim Februar 2002 statt.SCHULKOMMISSIONMit Dekret vom 15. Februar2002 drückte der Kardinal-Großmeisterseine Wertschätzung fürdie bisherige Arbeit der Kommissionfür die Schulen im HeiligenLand aus und erneuerte dasMandat für weitere drei Jahre.Die Mitglieder dieser Kommissionsind: Professor BartholomewJ. McGettrick, Kanzler derschottischen Statthalterei undfrüherer Dekan der Fakultät fürErziehungswissenschaft derUniversity of Glasgow; ProfessorAgostino Borromeo von der„La Sapienza“ Universität inRom und Mitglied des Großmagisteriums;Professor EdwinGräupl, Statthalter in Österreich;Großkreuzritter Thomas E.McKiernan von der StatthaltereiUSA North Central; ProfessorJacqueline Sfeir, Dekanin fürErziehungswissenschaft der UniversitätBethlehem; und MonsignoreWilliam Shomali, Generalprokuratordes LateinischenPatriarchates von Jerusalem.Die Kommission besprach beimMeeting in Rom am 21. und 22.Februar 2002, welche Möglichkeitender Ausbildung sie sah undkam überein, die folgenden fünfGrundsätze aufzustellen, die12345nach ihrer Überzeugung für einechristliche Erziehung der Studentenjetzt und in den kommendenJahren wichtig sind. Die Kommissionlegte ihr nächstes Meetingfür Anfang Juli 2002 fest.DIE FÜNF GRUNDSÄTZEChristliche Erziehung soll allen christlichen Familienim Heiligen Land zugänglich sein.Christliche Erziehung soll auf den Werten der HeiligenSchrift aufbauen; die religiöse Erziehung soll von derHeiligen Schrift inspiriert werden.Die christliche Erziehung soll von hoher Qualität sein.Diese Qualität soll sich auf allen Ebenen des Bildungswesenswiderspiegeln – beim Lernen, der Befähigung derLehrer, in Gebäuden und Ausstattung, Verbindung mitden Eltern und größeren Gemeinschaften etc.Christliche Erziehung soll bezahlbar sein.Christliche Erziehung soll zur Verantwortlichkeiterziehen.
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