142 Verseghy, D., Xue, Y.: A proposal for a general interface between land surface schemes and general circulation models. Global and Planetary Change 19, 261–276, 1998. Pongratz, J., Reick, C., Raddatz, T., and Claussen, M.: A reconstruction of global agricultural areas and land cover for the last millennium. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB3018, doi:10.1029/2007GB003153, 2008. Pope, V.D., Pamment, J.A., Jackson, D.R., and Slingo, A.,: The representation of water vapor and its dependence on vertical resolution in the Hadley Centre climate model. J. Climate, 14, 3065-3085, 2001. Prentice, I.C., Guiot, J., Huntley, B., Jolly, D., and Cheddadi, R.: Reconstructing biomes from palaecological data: a general method and its application to European pollen data at 0 and 6 ka. Clim. Dynam., 12, 185–94, 1996. Raddatz, T.J., Reick, C.H., Knorr, W., Kattge, J., Roeckner, E., Schnur, R., Schnitzler, K.- G., Wetzel, P., and Jungclaus, J.: Will the tropical land biosphere dominate the climatecarbon cycle feedback during the twenty-first century? Clim. Dynam., 29, 565-574, 2007. Ramankutty, N., and Foley, J.A.: Estimating historical changes in global land cover: croplands from 1700 to 1992. Global Biogeochem. Cy., 13(4), 997-1027, 1999. Ren, G.: Decline of the mid- to late Holocene forests in China: climatic change or human impact?. J. Quaternary Sci., 15(3), 273-281, 2000. Ren, G.: Changes in forest cover in China during the Holocene. Veget. Hist. Archaeobot., 16, 119-126, 2007. Ren, G., and Beug, H-J.: Mapping Holocene pollen data and vegetation of China. Quat. Sci. Rev., 21, 1395-1422, 2002. Rhode, D., Zhang, H.Y., Madsen, D.B., Xing, G., Brantingham, R.J., Ma, H.Z., and Olsen, J.W.: Epipaleolithic/early Neolithic settlements at Qinghai Lake, western China. J. Archaeol. Sci., 34, 600-612, 2007. Rodwell, M., and Hoskins B.: Monsoons and the dynamics of deserts. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 1385-1404, 1996. Roeckner, E., Bäuml, G., Bonaventura, L., Brokopf, R., Esch, M., Giorgetta, M., Hagemann, S., Kirchner, I., Kornblueh, L., Manzini, E., Rhodin, A., Schlese, U., Schultzweida, U., and Tompkins, A.: The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5. Part I: Model description. <strong>Max</strong>-<strong>Planck</strong>-Inst. f. Meteor., Report No. 349, Hamburg, 2003.
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Holocene climate and vegetation cha
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Anne F. Dallmeyer Max-Planck-Instit
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Overleaf Sutlej Valley, Kalpa (31°
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Zusammenfassung Mittels verschieden
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II 3.5 Summary and conclusion of Ch
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List of Figures Figure 2.1: Simulat
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Figure 4.7: Simulated differences i
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Figure A.1: The Asian monsoon regio
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1. Introduction Like all monsoon sy
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(I) How well is the present-day Asi
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CHAPTER 5 The Tibetan Plateau exert
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2. Simulated present-day Asian mons
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In this study, we assess the perfor
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in the local summer season. This la
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Figure 2.2: Hovmöller diagram show
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2.3.2 Monsoon onset and withdrawal
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to observations and reanalysis data
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and as indices the method of prescr
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investigated by comparing atmospher
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T 3 1 _ A _ A M I P [ °C ] T 6 3 _
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- Overall, the simulation T31AV0k a
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3. Simulated mid-Holocene Asian mon
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Values were taken from a course res
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To further analyse the differences
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Figure 3.6: Simulated difference in
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Figure 3.8: Annual cycle of precipi
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in these regions during the pre-mon
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positive anomaly (more divergent) i
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our results, we compare the reconst
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Figure 3.15: Differences in the sea
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mid-Holocene climate north of 40°N
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4. Contribution of the atmosphere-o
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includes the dynamic vegetation mod
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Region Approximate longitude (°E)
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Figure 4.2: Seasonal and annual ave
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Figure 4.3: Same as Figure 4.2, but
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nearby desert or sparsely vegetated
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Figure 4.5: Factors contributing to
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spring summer autumn winter spring
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In autumn, the contribution of the
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Figure 4.8: Same as Figure 4.5 but
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The atmospheric response to the orb
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Due to the thermal inertia of the o
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eduction of -0.97K (on average) is
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climate in 6k. Whether the ocean-at
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econstructions (Yu et al., 2000). T
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5. Comparison of the simulated Holo
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ased vegetation reconstructions for
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(Zhang et al. 2000; Fang et al. 200
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Figure 5.2: ECHAM5 orography (eleva
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unfavourable climate conditions, i.
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vegetation type exists and the land
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etreat and were replaced by steppes
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- Page 153 and 154: Claussen, M.: Late Quaternary veget
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- Page 159: Marsland, S. J., Haak, H., Jungclau
- Page 163 and 164: Ueno, K., Fujii, H., Yamada, H., an
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