Cardiovascular Response to Punching Tempo - Setanta College

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Figure 4. Oxygen uptake (V˙ O2) trial responses to boxing tempos. Figure 5. Rating of perceived exertion trial responses to boxing tempos. Significant rank order difference between trials. The results of this investigation clearly show that fitness boxing at any of the 6 tempos can elicit a satisfactory oxygen uptake response for improving cardiovascular endurance based on the intensity guidelines set by the ACSM of 50–85% V˙ O2max (1). The percentage of oxygen uptake values can be seen in Figure 6 and ranged from 67.9 to 72.3% of V˙ O2max for each of the 6 punching tempos. The current data suggest a much higher increase in V˙ O2 than was previously shown by Shaw and Deutsch (10) during a karate kata. This is to be expected based on the slower, more concise motions of the kata vs. the constant and repetitious actions of punching at high tempos. Our data is consistent with those obtained by Sugiyami et al. (13) in a study with 12 male collegiate karate athletes repeating a basic karate strike every second for 3 minutes, which yielded values of 62.2–74.4% V˙ O2max. Punching Tempo 107 Figure 6. Percent maximum oxygen uptake (V˙ O2max) and maximum heart rate (HRmax) responses to boxing tempos. This investigation also sought to find out if a difference in oxygen uptake would be observed between commonly used boxing tempos. Figure 4 illustrates the relationship between V˙ O2 and punching tempo. No overall significant difference was observed. Although VE increased significantly because of punching tempo (Figure 2), these data indicate that the punching tempo did not directly alter the actual oxygen uptake of the subjects. There was a significant increase in RPE for all trials (Figure 5). This indicates that the subjects felt they were performing at a higher work level without the increase in V˙ O2 that would usually be associated with this increase. This may be associated to other variables, such as HR response, respiratory rate, muscle fatigue, speed of movement, and joint stress. With this in mind, the prospect of increased injury rate at higher tempos is brought into context. Because of the relatively new nature of this form of exercise, no data are available to support the notion that punching at a higher tempo leads to more injury. Research is available, however, on injury rates and suggested causes in the field of dance aerobics, which may be associated to this aerobic activity as well. Studies have reported that 80% of all dance and aerobic injuries are caused by overuse (4, 14). Vetter et al. (14) classified overuse injuries into the following 2 categories: (a) accumulated microtrauma from repetitive movements that can lead to an inflammatory response, and (b) tissue with previous microtrauma that, if not given time to heal, can lead to muscle breakdown at a higher level. It seems plausible that repeated exposure to the faster punching tempos may give rise to overuse injuries. The HR response to different punching rates also was found to be capable of meeting and exceeding the ACSM guidelines of 60–90% maximal HR (1). These results, as shown in Figure 6, range from 85.6 to 93.1% of HRmax. The current data are similar to those reported by Pieter et al. (9), Sugiyama et al. (13), and
108 Kravitz, Greene, Burkett, and Wongsathikun Shaw and Deutsch (10), who reported values of 80– 91%, 85.5–90.1%, and 70.4–81% HRmax, respectively. The explanation for the higher %HRmax response vs. that of the %V˙ O2max response (Figure 6) is perhaps the result of the high level of arm movement involved. Arm exercise tends to give a higher HR at a given oxygen uptake (2). Because this particular study was based on arm movements alone, the elevated HR response was expected. There was a significant increase in caloric expenditure between trials as shown in Figure 3. This increase, without a comparable increase in V˙ O2, is caused by the rise in RER throughout the trials. Because caloric expenditure was calculated by multiplying V˙ O2 (L·min �1 ) and RER (V˙ CO2/V˙ O2), a direct relationship between kcal·min �1 and one or both variables was expected. Mean energy expenditure of the 6 boxing trials ranged from 9.78 to 11.2 kcal·min �1 and compared favorably with that of other martial arts and fitness activities (8). In summary, fitness boxing workouts meet and may exceed the criteria set forth by the ACSM for intensity of exercise to maintain and improve cardiorespiratory fitness. The failure of V˙ O2 to significantly change with increasing tempo suggests that faster punching speeds are not as important for improved cardiovascular training. As seen with other repetition movement activities, the faster boxing tempos may even be contraindicated. Additional research is recommended to measure the force of contact of different boxing tempos, to study how boxing tempo affects participant fatigue levels, and to determine how to maximize the health benefits of fitness boxing while minimizing the risk of injury. Practical Applications Martial arts and fitness boxing workouts have been shown to be a viable and highly popular mode of aerobic training. Many different programs exist, and even more are evolving based on basic martial art forms and boxing methods. The present study has shown clearly that an increase in tempo does not correspond to an increase in V˙ O2 or an associated increase in potential health benefits. Based on these data, it appears that when designing a fitness boxing program, slower punching tempos may be recommended. The potential risk of injury from higher punching rates and the increase in RPE further support this suggestion. References 1. AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (5th ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1995. 2. ASTRAND, P.O., AND K. RODAHL. Textbook of Work Physiology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1986. 3. BORG, G.A.V. Perceived exertion. A note on ‘‘history’’ and methods. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 5:90–93. 1973. 4. GARRICK, J.G., D.M. GILLIEN, AND P. WHITESIDE. The epidemiology of aerobic dance injuries. Am. J. Sports Med. 14:67–72. 1986. 5. IHRSA. International Health, Racquet & Sportsclub Association. Available at: www.ihrsa.org/industrystats/programming.html. 6. IMAMURA, H.,Y.YOSHIMURA, K.UCHIDA, A.TANAKA, S.NISH- IMURA, AND A.T. NAKAZAWA. Heart rate, blood lactate responses and ratings of perceived exertion to 1,000 punches and 1,000 kicks in collegiate karate practitioners. Appl. Hum. Sci. 16:9–13. 1997. 7. LOHMAN, T.G. Advances in Body Composition Assessment. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1992. 8. OLSON, M.S., AND H.N. WILLIFORD. Martial arts exercise, a T.K.O. in studio fitness. ACSM Health Fitness J. 3:6–14. 1999. 9. PIETER, W.,D.TAAFFE, AND J. HEIJMANS. Heart rate response to taekwondo forms and technique combinations. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 30:97–102. 1990. 10. SHAW, D.K., AND D.T. DEUTSCH. Heart rate and oxygen uptake response to performance of karate kata. J. Sports Med. 22:461– 468. 1982. 11. SIRI, W.E. Body composition from fluid space and density. Analysis of methods. In: Techniques for Measuring Body Composition. J. Brozek and A. Henschel, eds. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1961. pp. 223–224. 12. STRICEVIC, M.,T.OKAZAKI, A.J. TANNER, N.MAZZARELLA, AND R. MEROLA. Cardiovascular response to the karate kata. Physician Sportsmed. 8:57–66. 1980. 13. SUGIYAMI, M.,T.OHYAGI, H.KIRISHIMA, AND A. HIRATANI.Motor intensity of basics in karate. Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med. 31:134. 1982. 14. VETTER, W.L., D.L. HELFET, K.SPEAR, AND L.S. MATTHEWS.Aerobic dance injuries. Physician Sportsmed. 13:114–120. 1985. Address correspondence to Dr. Len Kravitz, lkravitz@unm.edu.
Page 1 and 2: Journal of Strength and Conditionin
Page 3: 106 Kravitz, Greene, Burkett, and W

Cardiovascular Response to Punching Tempo - Setanta College

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?