Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products - Prof. Dr. Aulanni ...

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Table 1.1. Major biologically active milk components and their functions 1 Milk Precursors or Components α - , β - caseins α - , β - caseins α - , β - caseins α - , β - caseins α s1 α s2 - casein - casein κ - casein κ - casein κ - casein α - lactalbumin ( α - La) β - lactoglobulin( β - La) Serum albumin α - La, β - La and Serum albumin Immunoglobulins Lactoferrin Lactoferrin Oligosaccharides Glycolipids Oligosaccharides Prolactin Cytokines Growth factors Parathromone - P Bioactive Compounds Casomorphins Casokinins Phosphopeptides Immunopeptides Casomorphins Casokinins Isracidin Casocidin Casoxins Casoplatelins κ - casein glyco - macropeptide Lactorphins Serorphin Lactokinins IgG, IgA Lactoferrin Lactoferroxins Oligosaccharides Glycolipids Oligosaccharides Prolactin Interleukins - 1,2,6, & 10 Tumor necrosis factor - α Interferon - γ Transforming growth Factors - α , β ; leukotriene B 4 Prostaglandin E 2 , Fn IGF - 1, TGF - α , EGF, TGF - β PTHrP Bioactivities Observed Opioid agonist (Decrease gut mobility, gastric emptying rate; increase amino acids and electrolytes uptake) ACE inhibitory (Increase blood fl ow to intestinal epithelium) Mineral binding (Ca binding; increase mineral absorption, i.e., Ca, P, Zn) Immunomodulatory (Increase immune response and phagocytic activity) Antimicrobial Antimicrobial Opioid antagonist Antithrombotic Probiotic (Growth of bifi dobacteria in GI tract) Opioid agonist Opioid agonist ACE inhibitory Immunomodulatory (Passive immunity) Immunomodulatory (Increase natural killer cell activity, humoral immune response, thymocyte traffi cking immunological development, and interleukins - 6; decrease tumor necrosis factor - α ) Antimicrobial (Increase bacteriostatic inhibition of Fe - dependent bacteria; decrease viral attachment to and infections of cells) Probiotic activity (Increase growth of Bifi dobacteria in GI tract) Opioid antagonist Probiotic (Increase growth of bifi dobacteria in GI tract) Antimicrobial (Decrease bacterial and viral attachment to intestinal epithelial cells) Immunomodulatory (Increase lymphocyte and thymocyte traffi cking, and immune development) Immunomodulatory (Lympocyte traffi cking, immune development) Organ development and functions Increase Ca +2 metabolism and uptake 1 Adapted from Schanbacher et al. (1998) , Meisel (1998) , and Clare and Swaisgood (2000) . 5
6 Table 1.2. Examples of physiologically active milk peptides derived from milk 1 2 Peptide Sequence FFVAP AVPYPQR YGLF ALPMHIR KVLPVPQ MAIPPKKNQDK KDQDK KRDS Name α s1 - Casokinin - 5 β - Casokinin - 7 α - Lactorphin β - Lactorphin Antihypertensive Peptide Casoplatelin Thrombin Thrombin inhibitory peptide 3 AA Segment α s1 - CN (f23 – 27) β - CN (f177 – 183) α - LA (f50 – 53) β - LG (f142 – 148) β - CN (f169 – 174) κ - CN (f106 – 116) κ - CN glycol - inhibitory peptide macropeptide (f112 – 116) Lactotransferrin (f39 – 42) Physiological Classifi cation ACE inhibitor ACE inhibitor ACE inhibitor and opioid agonist ACE inhibitor Antihypertensive peptide Antithrombotic Antithrombotic Antithrombotic Release Protease Proline endopeptidase Trypsin Synthetic peptide Trypsin Lactobacillus CP790 protease, and synthetic peptide Trypsin and synthetic peptide Trypsin Pepsin Reference Maruyama et al. (1985) Maruyama et al. (1985) Mullally et al. (1996) Mullally et al. (1997) Maeno et al. (1996) Joll è s et al. (1986) Qian et al. (1995b) Qian et al. (1995a)
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Page 6 and 7: Contributors vii Foreword xi Table
Page 8 and 9: Ryozo Akuzawa Department of Food Sc
Page 10: Peter Williams Smart Foods Centre U
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Page 17: 4 Overview of Bioactive Components
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Page 30 and 31: contribute signifi cantly to daily
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Page 40 and 41: BIOACTIVE LIPIDS Bovine milk fat is
Page 42 and 43: 2006 ). The wide range of CLA value
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Page 46 and 47: REFERENCES Abd El - Salam , M.H. ,
Page 48 and 49: Fong , B.Y. , Norris , C.S. , and P
Page 50 and 51: Larsson , S.C. , Bergkvist , L. , a
Page 52 and 53: viral properties of milk proteins a
Page 54 and 55: Smithers , G.W. 2004 . Isolation of
Page 56 and 57: 3 Bioactive Components in Goat Milk
Page 58 and 59: goat milk cheese. In another study,
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Page 62 and 63: Antihypertensive Antioxidative Anti
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SBP, mmHg 220 200 180 160 140 ACE -
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e greater than the sum of the indiv
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in goat milk fat by feeding special
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intake of dietary cholesterol, as w
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ifi dus growth promoter, and it has
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ferrin can retain iron at very low
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solubility by the fermentation of u
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Major Minerals Calcium Calcium is a
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BIOACTIVE VITAMINS IN GOAT MILK Vit
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Edgar , W.M. 1993 . Extrinsic and i
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Pariza , and G.J. Nelson , eds. Ame
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Meisel , H. , and Schlimme , E. 199
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Regester , G.O. , Smithers , G.W. ,
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T.J. 1998 . Lactoferricin of bovine
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84 Section I: Bioactive Components
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92 Table 4.5. Sequence of bioactive
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114 Table 5.6. N - terminal sequenc
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INTRODUCTION 6 Bioactive Components
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milk, respectively. This ratio is i
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The amino acid compositions of came
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Recently, acid whey prepared from c
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Table 6.5. The average concentratio
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Chapter 6: Bioactive Components in
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ound amino acids in camel milk are
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Lactoferrin The inhibition effect o
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for 2 or 3 days; in this type, skin
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proteins are different in their com
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and lower content of short - chain
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Spitsberg 2005 ). Meanwhile, it has
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IGF - binding proteins (IGFBP 1 - 6
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Vitamin E is also low in camel milk
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Carlsson , A. , Bjorck , L. , and P
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FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation . 1
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ovi , S. , Pekkanen , J. , Pekkarin
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experience and feeding patterns of
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7 Bioactive Components in Mare Milk
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Mare milk is quite similar to human
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Table 7.4. The vitamin contents of
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α - lactalbumin can interact with
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Carbohydrate Lactose is found in th
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cow milk, because IGF - Is in mare
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et al. (1986) once used natural mar
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De Oliveira , I.R. , de Araujo , A.
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Marconi , E. , and Panfi li , G. 19
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Summer , A. , Sabbioni , A. , Forma
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8 Bioactive Components in Caseins,
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223 Table 8.6. Immunomodulating and
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Other Bioactive Components in Chees
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236 Section II: Bioactive Component
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272 Table 11.5. Continued Component
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12 Probiotics and Prebiotics as Bio
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Chapter 12: Probiotics and Prebioti
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therapeutic use. Stimulating agents
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Section III Other Related Issues on
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314 Section III: Other Related Issu
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14 New Technologies for Isolation a
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Chapter 14: New Technologies for Is
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17 Potential for Improving Health:
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Chapter 17: Potential for Improving
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Serum iron μg/gl 500 400 300 200 1
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Abdominal, 44, 256, 295 bloating, 2
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Antiinfl ammatory, 129, 240, 242 ac
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IgG, 351 lactoperoxidase, 170 oligo
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Child, 379 bearing age, 379 Childre
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Defatting, 330 Defi cient, 379 Defi
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Ewe milk, 60 fat, 60 Exercise, 368
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Glandular, 43, 352 derived, 43 epit
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Hyperchylomicronemia, 128 Hyperimmu
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supplemented formula, 381 supplemen
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Madagascar, 48 Magnesium, 68, 130,
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Negative, 380 calcium balance, 367
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Pathophysiological, 121, 238 factor
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Propionibacteria, 29 Proposition, 3
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Skim milk, 49, 115, 206, 217, 379 c
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Toxins, 20 Toxoplasma gondii, 21 Tr
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Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products - Prof. Dr. Aulanni ...

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