Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products - Prof. Dr. Aulanni ...

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BIOACTIVE LIPIDS Bovine milk fat is composed of more than 400 fatty acids with different chemical composition. Most of these fatty acids are esterifi ed to the glycerol molecule backbone and appear in milk fat mostly as triacylglycerols (Jensen 2002 ). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a collection of positional and geometrical isomers of cis - 9, cis - 12 - octadecadienoic acid (C18:2) with a conjugated double bond system. Chapter 2: Bioactive Components in Bovine Milk 27 Table 2.2. Bioactive peptides identifi ed in fermented dairy products * Product Cheese Type Cheddar Italian varieties: Mozzarella, Crescenza, Italico, Gorgonzola Gouda Festivo Emmental Manchego (sheep milk) 44 samples of hard, semihard and soft cheese samples Cheddar Examples of Identifi ed Bioactive Peptides α s1 - and β - casein fragments β - cn f(58 – 72) α s1 - cn f(1 – 9) β - cn f(60 – 68) α s1 - cn f(1 – 9), f(1 – 7), f(1 – 6) - and β - casein fragments α s1 Sheep α s1 - , α s2 - and β - casein fragments Val - Pro - Pro, Ile - Pro - Pro α s1 - cn f(1 – 6), f(1 – 7), f(1 – 9), f(24 – 32), f(102 – 110), β - cn f(47 – 52), f(193 – 209) Fermented Milk Sour milk β - cn f(74 – 76), f(84 – 86) κ - cn f(108 – 111) Dahi Ser - Lys - Val - Tyr - Pro Yogurt (sheep milk) Active peptides not identifi ed Kefi r (goat milk) PYVRYL, LVYPFTGPIPN * * Fermented milk Active peptides not identifi ed (probiotic and dairy strains) Abbreviations: α s1 - cn = α s1 - casein, β - cn = β - casein, κ - cn * Modifi ed from Korhonen and Pihlanto (2006) . * * One - letter amino acid code. = κ - casein. Bioactivity Several phosphopeptides ACE inhibitory ACE inhibitory ACE inhibitory Immunostimulatory, several phosphopeptides, antimicrobial ACE inhibitory ACE inhibitory ACE inhibitory Antihypertensive ACE inhibitory ACE inhibitory ACE inhibitory ACE inhibitory Reference Singh et al. (1997) Smacchi and Gobbetti (1998) Saito et al. (2000) Ryh ä nen et al. (2001) Gagnaire et al. (2001) G ó mez - Ruiz et al. (2002) B ü tikofer et al. (2007) Ong et al. (2007) Nakamura et al. (1995) Ashar and Chand (2004) Chobert et al. (2005) Quir ó s et al. (2005) Donkor et al. (2007) The major CLA isomer in milk fat is 9 - cis , 11 - trans , also called rumenic acid (Collomb et al. 2006 ). CLA is formed partially by bioconversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the rumen by anaerobic bacteria, e.g., Butyrovibrio fi brisolvens, and primarily endogenously by Δ 9 - desaturation of vaccenic acid in the mammary gland of lactating cows (Griinari et al. 2000 ). Milk fat is the richest natural source of CLA, and contents ranging from 2 to 53.7 mg/g fat have been recorded in different studies (Collomb et al.
28 Table 2.3. Commercial dairy products and ingredients based on bioactive peptides * Brand Name Type of Product Bioactive Peptides/Protein Hydrolysates Calpis/Ameal S Sour milk Val - Pro - Pro, Ile - Pro - Pro, derived from β - casein and κ - casein Evolus Fermented milk Val - Pro - Pro, Ile - Pro - Pro, derived from β - casein and κ - casein BioZate Hydrolyzed whey protein isolate β - lactoglobulin fragments BioPURE - GMP Whey protein isolate κ - casein f(106 – 169) (Glycomacropeptide) ProDiet F200/Lactium Festivo Cysteine Peptide C12 Peption Capolac PeptoPro Vivinal Alpha Praventin Flavored milk drink, confectionery, capsules Fermented low - fat hard cheese Ingredient Ingredient Ingredient Flavored drink Ingredient Ingredient * Modifi ed from Korhonen and Pihlanto (2006) . * * One - letter amino acid code. α s1 - casein f(91 – 100) (Tyr - Leu - Gly - Tyr - Leu - Glu - Gln - Leu - Leu - Arg) α s1 - casein f(1 – 9) α s1 - casein f(1 – 6) α s1 - casein f(1 – 7) Milk protein – derived peptide Casein - derived dodeca - peptide FFVAPFPEVFGK * * Caseinophosphopeptide Casein - derived di - and tripeptides α - lactalbumin rich whey protein hydrolysate Lactoferrin - enriched whey protein hydrolysate Health/Function Claims Blood pressure reduction Blood pressure reduction Blood pressure reduction Anticariogenic, antimicrobial, antithrombotic Stress symptoms relief Manufacturer Calpis Co., Japan Valio Oy, Finland Davisco, USA Davisco, USA Ingredia, France Antihypertensive MTT Agrifood Research Finland Aids sleep DMV International, the Netherlands Blood pressure reduction DMV International, the Netherlands Helps mineral absorption Arla Foods Ingredients, Sweden Improves athletic DSM Food Specialties, the performance and muscle recovery after exercise Netherlands Aids relaxation and sleep Borculo Domo Ingredients (BDI), the Netherlands Helps reduce symptoms DMV International, the of skin infections Netherlands
Page 1 and 2: Bioactive Components Milk in Dairy
Page 4 and 5: Bioactive Components in Milk and Da
Page 6 and 7: Contributors vii Foreword xi Table
Page 8 and 9: Ryozo Akuzawa Department of Food Sc
Page 10: Peter Williams Smart Foods Centre U
Page 14: Bioactive Components in Milk and Da
Page 17 and 18: 4 Overview of Bioactive Components
Page 19 and 20: 6 Table 1.2. Examples of physiologi
Page 28 and 29: INTRODUCTION 2 Bioactive Components
Page 30 and 31: contribute signifi cantly to daily
Page 32 and 33: identifi ed a large number of minor
Page 34 and 35: peptide β - lactosin B [Ala - Leu
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Page 38 and 39: Chapter 2: Bioactive Components in
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Page 46 and 47: REFERENCES Abd El - Salam , M.H. ,
Page 48 and 49: Fong , B.Y. , Norris , C.S. , and P
Page 50 and 51: Larsson , S.C. , Bergkvist , L. , a
Page 52 and 53: viral properties of milk proteins a
Page 54 and 55: Smithers , G.W. 2004 . Isolation of
Page 56 and 57: 3 Bioactive Components in Goat Milk
Page 58 and 59: goat milk cheese. In another study,
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Page 62 and 63: Antihypertensive Antioxidative Anti
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Page 66 and 67: Cytomodulatory Peptides There is in
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Page 70 and 71: e greater than the sum of the indiv
Page 72 and 73: in goat milk fat by feeding special
Page 74 and 75: intake of dietary cholesterol, as w
Page 76 and 77: ifi dus growth promoter, and it has
Page 78 and 79: ferrin can retain iron at very low
Page 80 and 81: solubility by the fermentation of u
Page 82 and 83: Major Minerals Calcium Calcium is a
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Meisel , H. , and Schlimme , E. 199
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Regester , G.O. , Smithers , G.W. ,
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T.J. 1998 . Lactoferricin of bovine
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84 Section I: Bioactive Components
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92 Table 4.5. Sequence of bioactive
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114 Table 5.6. N - terminal sequenc
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INTRODUCTION 6 Bioactive Components
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milk, respectively. This ratio is i
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The amino acid compositions of came
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Recently, acid whey prepared from c
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Table 6.5. The average concentratio
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Chapter 6: Bioactive Components in
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ound amino acids in camel milk are
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Lactoferrin The inhibition effect o
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for 2 or 3 days; in this type, skin
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proteins are different in their com
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and lower content of short - chain
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Spitsberg 2005 ). Meanwhile, it has
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IGF - binding proteins (IGFBP 1 - 6
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Vitamin E is also low in camel milk
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Carlsson , A. , Bjorck , L. , and P
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FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation . 1
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ovi , S. , Pekkanen , J. , Pekkarin
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experience and feeding patterns of
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7 Bioactive Components in Mare Milk
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Mare milk is quite similar to human
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Table 7.4. The vitamin contents of
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α - lactalbumin can interact with
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Carbohydrate Lactose is found in th
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cow milk, because IGF - Is in mare
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et al. (1986) once used natural mar
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De Oliveira , I.R. , de Araujo , A.
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Marconi , E. , and Panfi li , G. 19
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Summer , A. , Sabbioni , A. , Forma
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8 Bioactive Components in Caseins,
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223 Table 8.6. Immunomodulating and
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Other Bioactive Components in Chees
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236 Section II: Bioactive Component
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272 Table 11.5. Continued Component
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12 Probiotics and Prebiotics as Bio
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Chapter 12: Probiotics and Prebioti
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therapeutic use. Stimulating agents
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Section III Other Related Issues on
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314 Section III: Other Related Issu
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14 New Technologies for Isolation a
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Chapter 14: New Technologies for Is
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17 Potential for Improving Health:
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Chapter 17: Potential for Improving
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Serum iron μg/gl 500 400 300 200 1
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Abdominal, 44, 256, 295 bloating, 2
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Antiinfl ammatory, 129, 240, 242 ac
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IgG, 351 lactoperoxidase, 170 oligo
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Child, 379 bearing age, 379 Childre
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Defatting, 330 Defi cient, 379 Defi
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Ewe milk, 60 fat, 60 Exercise, 368
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Glandular, 43, 352 derived, 43 epit
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Hyperchylomicronemia, 128 Hyperimmu
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supplemented formula, 381 supplemen
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Madagascar, 48 Magnesium, 68, 130,
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Negative, 380 calcium balance, 367
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Pathophysiological, 121, 238 factor
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Propionibacteria, 29 Proposition, 3
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Skim milk, 49, 115, 206, 217, 379 c
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Toxins, 20 Toxoplasma gondii, 21 Tr
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