Chronicles of the Crusades

CHRONICLES
THE CRUSADES,
DXINC
CONTENPORARY NARRATIVES
OY Tllli
,USADE OF RICI-IARD CCEUR DE LIOT
UY
RICHARD OF DEVIZES AND GEOFFREY DE YINSPUF;
AND IIY TIIF.
CRUSADE OF SAINT LOUTS,
I1 v
LORD JOHN DE JOINVILLE.
WITH ILLUST$LA:L'~ENOTES AND AN INDEX.
a , ...
LONDON:
[ENRY G. BOHN, Y(jlXK YSREEET, COVENT GARDEP:.

Printcd by J. B H, COX (UnoTne~s),
74 Rr is, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's-Inn Fields.

PREFACE.
T ~ Epresent volu~ne coniprises the three most interesting
contemporary Chronicles of tl~e Crusades which have been
h;~nded down to us ; two of them recording very fully thc
romantic clccds of our lion-licartcd Plantagenet ; the third the
chivahic career of the pious and exemplary Saint Louis of
France.
Of the author of the first of these Chronicles, Ricllard of
Devizes, notlling is Irnown Beyond what he himself iuforim 3
us in his preface, by which it zppears, that he wu in early
life a monk of St. Swithin's Priory at Wincliester, and sub-
sequently a, Carthusian of Witham. Other works have becn
ascribed to the same writer, but tl~ere is great uncertainty
as to their nutllorsl~ip. His Chronicle is valuable, because it
connects n.Kairs which were passing in England with the
cvents which took place simultmeously in the I'Ioly Lnud.
The originnl L:~tin was first published by the English Historical
Socicig, urlcle~ the editorial care of the Rev. JOSMP~I
Stevc~lson. Jbonl that edition, D translation a.as made by tlle
Rev. Dr. Gilcs, in 1841, which is here reprinted, with occasio~~al
emendations by himself.
7'b1-: second work in tl~is scrics is the Iiistory of the Ex­
pedition of' 4Zicll:~rd Cccur de Lion to thc IIoly Land, by
Geofrey de Vinsauf (or Vinosdvo). Little is known of this
author. but the pecrilinrity of his name has given rise to
severd ingenious conjecturcs as to its etymology. Some
(leriVe it from Vi'n, nnrl rrr,r,:n.r onrl n-rv----.- 1.- L----

I d the custotly of wine in his monastery; otllers from tll
German wor(Is Wein am1 S~U~UI,wllicli would imply tiI
pling. Others, npin, suppo~e tlmnt he may have bcen su
perin tentlent of tl~c vineyard, tbc w ine-pressing, preserving
8 . Pits, somcwl~nt in confirnmntion of this latter notior
citcs n XB. whicl~ he :.;Lwin C~IISCollege, CmnLri+c
m~,itten by onc G-eoKmy, on preserving wines and fruit:
nncl on grafting.
TYhtevcr mrlny be the truc derivation of his name, GeoKre
is generally believed to have Ileen all Englisliman by birtl
but of a Normnu family. Pis writings are nurncrons, an
scvernl of them poetical. The following are the principal :-
On preserving Wines, Fruits, &c. (De Vinis, fructibus, &c., conse
vnndis).
Itill-rarium Regis Anglorum Riclinrdi, et oliorum in Terrnm Nieri
solymorum. ' To the Emperor Henry, nbout liberating King Richard (Ad Caesaren
&c.).
Mo~l~ly on the Death of King Richnrd (Monoclia, Sc.).
To William Lonl;chan~ps, Bishop of Ely, and Cllancellor (Ad Wi
belmum, &c.).
Of the State of the Roman Court (De Statu Curi~
Manual or I-lilndboolc (Encl~iritlion).
On New Poetry (D., Poelrin Nova).
011ltlretoric (De Arte dicendi).
On Ethics (D2Rebns Etiiicis).
Romance).
But of all his worlis, the most irnpo~tant and intrins
d l y valunblo is his History of the Third Crusade, undc
Riellard the First of En;*Inud nnd Philip Augustus of Fnnca
It is the only Chronicle wriiten by an eye-witness, of tho:
furious assaults wl~icl~ the arllly of Sdndin made upon tl
Christians, and of thc firmncss with which the lion-hearte
Richard witl~stood and repolsecl tllem. If the reader taliea tf
trouble of compnring Geoffrey's f~lll and interesting :.cc;our
of tllc CII .;(if: wit11 tlli~t of ltic;h:~~.il 01: Devizes, lie will pe

c:cim how much supcrior it is in every ~espect. Qeofiey livcd
to see tf~c 11eat~l1 of King Ricll:d, and the acemion of his
l~rr,th~~, ';!:n, and it is muc1.1 to be lamented that bc brenlrs
OH' his I~hry, sornewllat, i~brnptly, just at the tnomcnt when
tl~!1:rus:~llers emlnrlr on board ship to leave the 1301~ Land,
n,t tl~a c111l of the year 1102. The originnl of this iuterestiug
rocon1 was for the first the cornplcte in the
sc:colr,l volu~ne of Gde an11 Pell'~ Collection in 16S7, but
fr:tg~,~~lta? 11;~d bee11 given by Bong:srs in his
ck (.;,&S~:L hi per Fr:~ncos." The prcsent t~-anslotion is the
c

CONTENTS.
1. Crrno;.rrc~nOF RICUARL) 01.' DEVIZI:~, CONmnnrsc:
TICE 1)mns oa ICING R~CJTARD
wlr ~TIIL~T,KINGoz. ENGLAN~). .. ...
2. GE~LPFREY DE VIXSALJ~;.'S ~IIIZONICLE 01"
~~CUAJLD THE l?ll2~'S CRUSADE , . .
a. LORD 111s JOINVILI~S iMmo~nsOF I,OUIS
COMIIIOI\.LII CALLED
IX., ICING 01.' FRANCE,
SAINTLours ... ... ... ...
4. ~ I > P R N ~ TO ~ S.JOINYILLX ... ... ...
List of tl~c Knigltts who accompanierl St.
Louis to Pdestinc ... ... ...
l

RICHARD OF DEVIZES.
PROLOGUE.
To tho Vworilblc fi~lher Robcrl, his very good h-d,fo~,mcrly
Priov of tho C?LZLI.C?L~ of V~~~C~CSLCT,
henl!/~lo perrwva
in tho good worli hc hc~sbcyun, h,is fixill@ Sdmant,
Richard, s.ur?zurnadoJ Beaizcs, sands grwting :-
SECT.1. AFTERyo11 hd hnl~pily proceeded to the Charter
I-Iouse" from our churcll of Wincltestcr, much ~ c often I &id I
desire to fullom you who 11x.d tbu~ departed, pcradve~turc to
remain with you, but certainly tu Lcl~olil what you were about,
liow you lived, MJ ~vhtl~er the Csrtl~usinn cell is more es.nlted
and nenmr heaven tlm the cloister of Wii~chesbl.. It
ple:wetl God at le~ytli to satisfy my wiol~. I came, a11d 011
tltnt I had colue alone ! I went tl~itller maliing the third,
2nd those ml~o went with me werc the cause of my rcturn.
My desire clisplcnsed them, and tboy causcd my fcrvour, 1 wiil
not say error, to grow cold. I saw with you tllat wllicll elsewhere
I 11x1not seen, wl~icli I coolcl not have believed, :lnd
wliicl~I cuuld not sl~ficir_.ntly admire. In each of your cells
.here is ow door according to custom, which you are pin­
nittell to ope11 nt plcnsurc, but to go out by it is not pernittcrl,
esccpt so much :LS that one foot sl~oulcl itlwsys rennin
n the cell, within tlie thresl~old. Tl~c brethren may stcp out
.ritl~one foot, wl~icl~ever they plcmc, but the otl~er must renain
in the cell, A great and ~olclnn os~h is to be take~~
l~nt the door by which it is not peruiitkd to enter or depart

4 I~ICITAI~DOF DBVIZEY. [SECT. 4-1).
rately conccnling its nnowinws, until it should be l)ossil~ls for
it, at a conw~icu t time for clnc, to cast out tho vl~t)L(? oallsc
of tl~e Jiscas(5 at once nntl once hr all.
Scct. 4. Not witl~out the mxioas solicitude and :Lnl:w:nle~lt
of many, n bat w:ts seen, in the n~iddlc nllcl I)rigIli. [ ~ t
of the day, to Ilnttcr tltro~~gl~ ~ I I C IIIOIIM~CPY, ~I~COII 1.~11ic11tly
recircling in tlre mne tracks, aud cspecidly arou~ld LIIIC li il~g'a
tl~rone.
Sect. 5. Willinm de Lon,rrcl~n~np, wllo 11d Lecn ttb~! t:hn
ccllor of the end of Poitiers Lcl'ore his accession, M-Len the
end was csow~~etl Icing, consi~lered his oflice tu 11:lre prditctl
CLS nnluch for the bctter, ns a Iiing~lon~ is superior to an enrlclonl.
Sect. 6. A ciscumstnnce li;~ppened on the sclfsnme 11ny uf
ill Abbey, a, presngc of such pos-
the coro~x~ticrn Wcstl~~il~stcr
tentolls OIIIC~I, x.s t11e11 wxi 11ardly nllownl~le to be relntd evcn
I a I . At Cornldiu, the Inst Irour of tl~ctl:~y, the hrst
pen1 tllilt clay I~i~~ppcncd to be rung, 11cit11c.r by nlly ngrcc~rwr~t,
nor even the rnilli;jters of tile cl~urch tllen~scl~cs 1)cillgn\mm
or it, till nfhr it was donc ; for Prilne, Tieree, Scst, Noncs,
~lldtl~c solemn service of vespess nrd two mwscs werc ccle-
- bmterl withont :hny ringing of peals.
Sect. 7. Rtcpl~cn cla Marzi:b* scnrscl~id of An-jou, 111iclcr the
king lately tlea!n.+ctl, IIC pent and mighty, sing111:~rly ficrce, :mcl
the mnstcr of lord, being tnken and cast into dniw. w3.s
dmggctl to Tl'ii~cl~cster, wliese bt!ir~g n~:rdo n gazing-.;tol:l.; to
angels to nleil, emaciated wit11 wocfi~l Itut~ger, a.11t1 Imlkcu
with tlre wrigllt ur l~is irons, Ile \\':I3 cor~str:~i~~ed t18 1110 [,IIY-
III~II~ of thi rty tl~oumncl pounds of 111or1cy of AII,~(I~I. :I 1111 (IIC
protuisc ol' fiStcc11 tl~ouenntl poumls, for his mlsoln. fhI11l111,
Glnuvillc, justici;~~-y of the IC:L~IIIof 1hgl:~nd and tllu I\~II;'.
eye, n nlarl rlot ir~fcriorto Ylq~l~co, escc))t ill III:LI~II~.SS :~iltL
ricllcs, Lti11; clcprivstl of :~ntl~orityand given illto m:it,wl\r,
rcdcc~necl nlcwly his liberty to go ant1 cume For tifltxu LIIOIIs:mI
po~in~ls of silvcr. Ant1 wbercas tl~is nmc, Glnnvi l le,,
11:ul Lecn so great the day Lnl'o~.e, n nnnle ns it were ;~.lnvc+
evcry nntw, so t11;~t \\~~I~s~oYoI; to w2lo111 it shonld bo given
by the Lortl, wr~ultl converse nmong pri~~ccs, and wo111cl Ire
nilorecl by i.11~pvrple, yet the uext n~orl~iug tllew rer~~ailled
not one in tlie 1:m.I w11o coulcl be died by this n:Lme. 'I'l~at

IN THE YEAR OF' TIlE LORD JICLSSSIS.
* Henry, son of lii~i:: Ilcnry II., is frequently stylcd Henry the
Third, ill tlr.. enrly CI1ronicles.
t Jaws, sn called probubly from their usurious pmctices.
7, 9

wnu 1110 ruiu of thoso two, to wil, of SLclillcn and ltallpll,
whicl~ also iL is cerL;~in lliu IICCII tl~c ri1i11 of LIIOIIS~LIICIJ befuro
tl~e~n, ant1 wl~ic!~ IIC~I!:LSI ~:r III:LY ~ Ii11 I otl~urs,II:LIIIC~~, suspi-
ciou arising ~ I ~ Illlc I I co~lfi(lc~~cc or tl~cir forlncr !ortl.
Sect. 8. Jul~n, tl~c king's l~ro~l~cr, ~ 1 1 0~L~OIIC of LIIC sons of
Itis ~notl~cr, qllccri JI:lc:rr~or, al~rvivcd l~iv I,rut.l~cr, bcsitlcs tho
anrltloln of hlortiliti, wl~icl~, I,y l~isC~tlrcr's gift, 110 I I : ~1o11g
c~~joycd, was so gl~c:~tIy CIII.'I(~IICL[; L I I ~ il~crc:~~ud
~ in Ihgli~tld by
his bl~~thcr, h t Lot11 1)riv:~tvly :m(l publicly it was alhrlwcl
by nlally tht ll~u Iiill;; 11:ul no tl~uugl~h of rclur~~i~l;: 1.0 lhc
kingtlula, :m(l Ll1:1t l~ivhrolllcr, : L~~c:L~Y 110 less I~owcrful ~II:LII
Li~nsclf, if 110 ~ I ~ ) U I I1101 I rcstmit~ l~isi1111:itc tc1111)cr, \vouId,
i~npllcd Ly tl~c! tlrsirc ol' aovcrciguly, o~dt:~~vour Lo clrivc hi~u
vnnquiullcd Trow tl~c rt::11111.
8ecl. 9. Tllc li111a of co~r~lncr~ciy~ his jJu1.nc.y ~~rcsswl 11:~rd
upon lciu;: lticl~nl~l, 3s IIV, wl~oI I : ~bucn first of' :dl ll~c pri~~ccs
on this side tllc Allw in tl~c tnlii~lg 111, of tllc cross, w:w unwilling
to 11c I:LY~ill setting out, A kilt:: worthy vf 111~;LIIICof i
kiug, wl~o, ill tho lirst ytw of llis rcip, luft. 1111: Itiqt on
EII$:LII~ fur Ctllrist, s~:~rceIy utllrnvisc LII:LII if 110 11:d d~p;~rtcd
never Lo rctul-11. So gre:~L \Y:LS tl~c d~vuliw~ of tl~c lui~n, I IUfl' so :
lustily, so ~l~iclily ;rrd so sl~cctlily ditl Ilo ~IIII, ycn fly, to
avc~gc the wrongs uf Cl~rist. I'Iu\vcvor, \vhilst IIC k~pt tho
grcutor t~li~ltcr ill KY 1ni11t1, givi~~g 11,. ill scmc litllo ~IC:Lsurc
to dclil)crutio~~ fur ll~c ki~~gtlo~l~, II:I~, I I ~xccci\.cd power
froln tl~c pope tlut 11c 111ig1lt \vitllclr;~w llrc cross SIUIIIsucll of
hiv own subjcct~, rci IIC s11o111~1 ~ll:sirc?, fur tho ~OYO~IIIIIUII~ of
his 1ii11gllo111, Ilc lirst ;~p~)ui~~tc(I Ilugl~ l'u~lsc:y, bisllop of
1)11rllam, to 11c cl~icf j~~sticc of' tl~o wl~olo ~C:LIIII, :~nd with
design, nu is tllought 11y ninny, furtllcr crc:rti~lg hint a young
earl of Nortl~~l~~rl)crlnntl out of MI ultl Lisllup, the custody of
nfi II~:LII~ r,utlcs ns IIC liked being yicldccl tu Ili~n, IIC diligct~t ly
clcnrc~l fro111 his cufli!rs ten tlio~lsii~~d 1)ou1111s of ~ilvcr.
Goofl'rcy Pilz l'ctcr, Williun IJrimcrt!, and Ilu:,.l~ U;~nlulf
bcing ~xr~uittccl to remain :~.tIlo~lw, tl~c cross Lcillg witl~dr:~\vn
fro111 Ll~clu, Illc king's trcasu~w tr:unafwrc~l tho wl~ole col lcctions
of tho tl~rcc nu tl~rcu n~~ts into tllc Excl~cc~ucr. All tho
sl~erillb of the kil~gtlu~r~, 011 :LIIY trivii~l :~:IIS:L~~UII fd1i11gUIIIICP
the king's displc:l~urc, WCTO dcp~ivcd of their udncl;y ~.~owcr,
al~tlSC:L~CI:I~ pcrl~~ittd tu scc his CICII, OWII 11y the 111cdi:~tio11
of i~le&l~ublo troiwure. lta,IpL do Cil~~uvillc, t11a.u WLOU UOIIO

of his timo was more subtlc wl~ilst hc'wn9 in power, now
bciuq rcdncetl to a private peraou by his prince, was sc
sil~l~ilicdtl~ror~gl~ grief, tlmt 111s ~u~~-iu-lam, Itall111 de
Artlvr~uc, uttcl4y lost, by rc:Lson of l~ivo:wolc~s talk, wll:rlevc~
110 I d prcvioosly acquire11 I)y tlru jndgtncr~t of l~is nioutl~.
110 too, I~imsclf, because Ire wi~a :LU old 111011, ant1 not :rLla tc
bear h~tigue, if 110 had been willi~~g to give the king that littlc
wlricl~~ ~ I I I : L :~l'tw ~ I I ~ tho ~ P:LYIIICII~ of tl~e fine, a3 a ~mtuity:
would easily have obtainetl :L renlibsion of the peril of tl~c
jonruey. The Icing rcceivcd sccwity froin tLc tributarj
lii~rgs of t h Welsh ant1 of tlro Scots, tht they woultl 11ot
~:IY.L their borders for tho an110yi11100 01' EII~I:LU~ during Lib
absence.
Sect. 10. Gotlfrcy, son of that reuow~lctl rLicl~:~rtl de Luci,
liicl~ard (Fitz Ncdc) the treasurer, llrrl~~t Waltcl; and
William cle Longcl~ainp, four I I ~ Iof no sn~:dl virtue, ant1 ot
no mc:w pram, wcrc elcctctl at 1'il)l)ewello to the four ~i~ciillt
sees, viz. \Vincl~cster, London, S:~lisbl~ry, nntl Ely. Tl~cy all
obtaincd suliicic~lt canonical ~IOIII~II~L~II, ant1 es~~ccially tlra
elect of Wiacl~estol; who obtsil~rtl Iris nol~~inalion to tho
dignity on the sevcntocntl~ of tlto Iii~lc~~tl~OctoLor
of
(Scpt. lfi), wl~ilo tho elcctiol~ of tl~c otller tlrrec w:w delayed
till tho morrow, tllc king consenting i~rrtl the :~rclhi~I~op confirming
what was done, altl~ougl~ :it tlm first Irc would 1.a111cr
have hul it so~newl~at otherwise : concerning wl~ieh it wontlerfully
happened that hc, who h:~d been nominatctl to one of the
sees by tho i~rchbisl~op's nlcans, dictl tllat very clay. Williunl,
l~isl~op eiecc of Ely, retained tho liil~g's scal 011 the pay~ucnt
of tl~rcc tl~ousand pounds of ~ilvcs, altl~ougll ltcgiuald tho
1t:di:m 11:~d bid one thousant1 more. Tho Lisl~op~ elect of
TVincl~estcr and S:~lisbury were consecrated at Wcstu~instcr,
by Bi~ldwin, n~d~bisl~op of Cnntcrbury, on the cleventl~ of
the kaler~ds of Novenrl~er (Oct. 28). 011 that day, IIugh cle
Nonante, bishop of Coventry, Inid his comp1:~int bcforo the1
arcl~bisllop and bisltops nsser~rblcd at tl~c consecration of tho
bisl~ops elect, agpinst his n~onls of Covcntry, fur baving laid
violcut 11:mds on IUIU and thwn his blood before the nltnr.'
Ilc 11nd also expelled the greater lnrt, of the congregation
bcforc Iris colnpli~int, nor (lid hc ce:~se fro111 his iruportu~~ity
uutil hc 11id obtained tl~c sanction of dl the bishops in attcstotion
to the pop0 against the monlis.

Sect. 11. Godhey, 11i;slwp of TVincllestcr, nlintlf~ll of hi::
prof[wion, stliug Snr the rcstornl;ion of the posscr:iio~~s of his
clirtrcl~, wllicll h:ul been taken away, ns no one I1:~i.l nny ri$t
of ~cplcvin apinst the c;l~u~~;lt of Wirlc:hcstcr wit11 rcspcet to
it.: two m:lnors, nnmcly htconc~and lVc~.rymrc, ~ccoverctl
thcni by jndicinl clecrec, thlm tllonsencd pountls of silvcr bcillg
~.wivntcl~ given to tl~e king. Nor tli~l tile consiclcl'nte Illan
o111it nt tllc snnic time to l)ny n finc to tllc Iring fvr tltc intlc~l~nity
of tlie cl~~ircli's tlc~sure, for l~is p:ltrilnony, fo~.tho
connty of I-J;m~psliirc and for the custoJy of tl~c castl1,:j et'
TVii~cticster n11c1 PO~C~ICS~CI'. And bccaueo the tinx for the
11ayn1e11t of so 111ucl1 nioncy nr:unigh nt I~nnd,as Ilc coultl no1
IS over tlle diiy fixed for the pa.ytneilt, without clotri~nc~lt to
the wl~ole business, nnll he coultl find no nearer resource undcr
Ilenven, nltl~oogll a.pi~~st
trcxnre of liiv cl~urcl~, to rcstore whicll, Iiowcver, lie oblige11
Ililll~clf nn11 his sncccssors, lbrovicli~lg security to the convent
by tlle tchinony of n sedetl Loid. A. man of siicl~ courtesy
nncl niocleratiou, who nut evcu WIICII angry ever Jill nriy tl~ilig
. to those who were r~ncler hiin, but wlint savoorecl of milclnc:~s :
truly of his fs~liily, nncl one of his fi~iniliors, of wllonl it is
said, under mlio~u to livc is to rrign.
Sect. 12. The king rcadily tli~burtl~cnecl dl, wllosc nlouey
was :I burthen to tl~eni, s11c11 powcrs sncl possessions as they
cl~osc being given to anybody at l~lcnsure; wl~crcwith also on
II~S will, he laid lliv llnud oil tho f4'
n. time nu old ncrpnintmce in tlic comp;uiy joking him, 110
brokc off wilh this cvnsion, " I would sclt London if I coultl
find a cllapn~su." Mnny :L oue 111ig1lt llnve bccn forewnrnecl
Ly tllnt expression, Iind it been utterctl sooner, not to Icnw to
be s wise merchant, after the English proverb, by buying
for s dozen, and selling for ouc and n Iialf."
IN TIIE PEAR OF TIIE LORD MCSC.
Pcct. 13. In tlie ycnr frnru the incnrnntiou of the Lord
11!10,* tlic Liug crossed tlie Cl~nnncl to Nenstrin (Normandy),
the cnre of the whole kingdoul being committed to the
chancellor.
Richnrcl; bishop elect of London, and William of EIy, wcre

consecmtcd hy Arclibisllop Daldwin at Westminster, the
s,~conrl of the lide~~cls OF J:LIIII:LI.Y (Dec. 31, 1139). WillinlIl
tlc filn~~llcville, earl of All)c~nnrlc, being seixccl wit11 I-leliriu~~~
ill an acute semi tcrtian fcvcr, died at G isorz : w11ose rclict, a
woluml nlrnost n mil, who wn.s tlclithnt in not.hing a~nsuulinc
bi~i ninol~cod, William dc Fortibos, 3 Irnight a thousn.1111 tirn~~
a1~provecI in arms, ~wcivctl to wife by King liicl~srtl's $'t,
togcthcr with dl the I~onours of her formcr 11usl);~ntl.
SCC~. 14. 'CVil?i:m, I)isl~op of Ely, :~nd the king's cllnnccllor,
by 11atarc n secontl Jacob, nltl~ougl~ he did not wrestlc with
tl~o nilgel, n goo~lly person, ~nnlcing up in inin11 for his sllort-
~ic-a ill shlure, secure for l~is nlnstcr's lovc, an11 prcsunli~i,< OIL
his favonr, because dl power WL~, is, nntl will I)c impntie~~t of
a ~art~icr, expelled I-Iugh de Pusac froin tho Escl~aqucr, nnll
barely lenvi~~g him even 11;s sword wit11 wl~icl~ Ilc h:d bcen
invested ns nn car1 of the Iiing's lin1111, :~ftcr;1, s1101.t ti~nc, IIClwived
him of the honour of his e:~rLcloni nkio. And lust the
bishop of Darlia~n alone sl~oultl bcwnil l~is n~isfortnnes, tl~c
villnin, who urns now nlore crucl tlmn a .wilcl be~t, nml
slnreJ nol)utly, fell up011 tile biuhop of Wi~~cl~ester also. Tl~c
c~istoily of the castles a1111 colunty is t&en nwny from I~iin,
nor is lie even porniitted to cn,joy his own pnt~in~ony.Tl~c
ki~ylo~n is distu~.betl, nnJ the Jiscontcntccl nrc clinrgccl with
disaffection to ll~c king. ErcryLoJy crosses the ecn to ilnpoltune
the kitl,q ixgninst tl~c tyimt, but Ile Ilnving crossccl
first of dl, briefly rclzted bcforc the king n pal-tin1 ncconnt of
his c~itire prucl!cdillg nnd csl)ulsitm ; by whom also ho w:is
fully instructed in nll things to bc clone; hc thus foilctl tllc
adverse wisl~esof his rivds, nntl wns on his rctnrn Li:Forc
those who nssniled him could obhin admission to the Iring's
prcsc~im. SO lie returns In the Englisl~ not lc~spon;cxful $I$
~)r~sperous, tlmu one who IIW acco~~~plislicd all things wl~htsoever
11e dcsiretl. Tl~eking llaving retnr~~ecl froii~ (tnscony,
wlwc he 11ad forcibly put down the tl~icves, and cnptnrctl tlic
holds tl~cy 11nd occupictl, nll those wllom the chauccllor had
i~!jurecl nsscmbled before him, who sntisfying every one ns
then to encl~ scen~ecl good, sent them all bnck to the chnnccllo~
wit11 sucll lcttc1.s as they then clcsirecl. John, bishop of
Normich, 11eing :llso om of those who tl~rentcned Szl:~clin,
miply furnisl~ed for his jonrney mil the cause, wldst prorwtlinr
on his mnv in the borders of PJur~ur~tlv. hll 3,monr.

obbcrs, who took from llim all his snbstmce ; mil, a;: Irc Ilnil
no IIIC~ISlcf't wllcrewitl~ Ile n~igllt proc~cil, he tr~rnccl 11is
course to\vards tlie pop, nncl wllcn with lliJ in:;in~i:l.bion It(:
11ml I~crno:~nc~I llis ~r~isclla~~ce nntl poverty to Ili~n, the clcl~lcncy
of tlic Holy See tlismissecl l~ilil IIO~TIC,nbsoIv~i1 fro111 his VOW.
Scct. 15. The bishop of Winclrcster, Lcing n.Kectcfitl with n
sclious tliscnsc:, rcm~iuctl some til~le beyond the sen. The
bisllop of l)urIln~~~ in 11:~stc p~~ocectlet~ ilirect to 1~011~1~11,
1,ut uot beiltg receive11 Ly thc b:n.ons of thc Escl~cr~ncr,
11e Il:rstily, ns if sure to triumpl~, pursues his wny :lRor
tile CII:LIICCIIO~, WII~zt tl~:~,l tirue II:LL~ gone ou nu espetlilio~l
to~vnl.ils Li~~colil ; wl~om l~nving ovc~.hkcn, Iic snlnted ill
the I.;i~t~'snmlic, not ticcly nor witllont a frown, mil tllcn
cluc~ioi~e~l Ililn seriously conccrl~il~gthe %firs of state,
alld, indcctl, ss if lie would not suKer nny tiriyg to bc done
witllont Ilis consenl. IIc 11i!glcctccl fine lnngu:~,qc :~ud loug
wonls, and while he bon:jtetl too n~uch of' pwcr not yet
rcceivcgl, uot co~lsitlering with wl~oni IIC -\sas spc:~l~iyg, he
loos~ly utterccl whntclrcr IIC vllght to hve IiC]?t secret, At
_ tllc conclr~sion of Ilis silrlrcss, tl~e stnff is p ~ luitlr ~ i to silcncc
tnll;, tllc Iiitlg's solcrnn nct 111ncl1 to be rcvercncc~l is e:;l~iLited
for rccitd. Thc II~OIIII~~I~IIS trnvail, the silly Inolcsc is ],yoduccd.
Tllc ol,,wvmcc ot' strict silence is eqjoined during
t!~e Icing's ~nnnclsic ; :1l1 wcrc Ilaslicd, nnd nttcntive Iielcl tllcir:

a bisl~op, l111t nr; a cl~nnccllor n cbnnccllor!" Tllc cnsi~nrctl
II:LI~ 11~ill1~1' lllc ~~~IIIIICSS 1101. tile opl~ort~:nit,y 1.0 resist; tl~o
I~ost;~.:;c.rarc givcll, :mi1 xt Ilic tl:r111 :LYS~;IIC~\ tlrc cfistlcs ;LI.C
Kivc~~ 1111 f01. tlrc rcsto~i~g of tl~c IIOS~:L~CS. 'Rrilliam, bisllol,
of Wo~.ccntcr, who sn~;ccctlcd ncst to B;~l~Iwilr, wcrlt tllc W;LY
of all Ilcsl~.
Scct. 16. Tl~c lord bishop of Winclrcstm, nt lcngtl~ rccovcri~l,;;
ill Nel~strin, amtl :dso tlc.siring to revcivc L:d< tho
tl~inp taken fron~ I~im, rccrossctl witl~ all the specgl IIC cnul,l,
mrtl fonncl tlre clr:unccllnr bcsieging the cnstlc OF O11)11eretcr.
'\JTl~osc al'l'i~d hing kuown, th: chncellor p!?forth to
meet lriiil .as 11c COIIICB, :mI 11:~ving lrcsrtily cntbmcetl an11
kissed Irinl, says, " You hnve come at :I Inoat clesi~d)le tiwe,
clear friend ! arc we to prosecute the siegc 01. desist 7" To
wl~on~ tl~c bisllop ~.o~lics, "IF you clcsirc peacc, la,y dow~~
:wnls." I-Ic,quick of apprehension, pcrceivetl the fnlvc of
thc ~\~onls, nncl co~nn~nnded the I~crnlcle to sountl tl~c rctrcnt ;
Ile also restorc~l to the bisl~op his pntri~~~ony without rlisput,~,
but that only. All the others, who had crossed tlrc SC:L
:~.gninst Lhc cl~nnccll~w, profited lcss tL:m notl~ing. WilIi:m,
lepte of the Apostolic Sec, held n cou~ncilat Wcstrninstcr, in
wllicl~, lest the should be nothing dona to be repo~trxl of
l h Ilereaftcr, he sentenced all religion to be cspellctl S~OIII
Covcutry cstl~edra.), nucl prebendary clerks to bo suLstit11tec1
in pl:~,cc of the monks.
Scct. 17. Willinlu, thc wonilerf~ll bishop of Ely, cllanccllor
of thc kin?, jnetiuiary of tl~c lringtlon~, of tl~rccfoltl cllnrge
and tl~rccfold title, that 116nright usc boh Lnncls as the right,
and tllnt the sword of Pcter might soccon~ the sword of the
ruler, took up011 liimsclf Lhc otlice of Iepate of all @n$a.l)d,
Scotland, Wnles, and Ireland, wIlic11 he obtoincd holn the
popc nt the instance of the lihg, who would not otherwise'
sct out, by Reginnld, Lisl~op of Bath. Therefore succcssh~l
in every oficc which he c~avecl, he p:lssecl to ard fro tllrougl~
tlic l;inwlon~ with the r.apiility of a BnsL of ligl~tning.
The kingr of Dsrlmxi, that old inccndiwy, lmving ndtlell
fresh fuel, f'mncd the nncieut spark between the cl~urcl~ of
Salisbury 2nd the rnonastel-y of Xnlmesbury into renewed
flames. The abbot is rouse11 not now to mdcc thc ~ ~.o~L\Rs~o~I
of pontiff, but to disavow the .very title of tho bisllop ns wcll
os his crosier. Rcval letters to the chnncellor were obtninecl.

y wl!icli tllc abbot sl~oulcl bc co~~~~,ellc~l to rcepo~'~d nt 1;vw to
the motions of the bisltop. Nor tlicl tl~e rna.11 \czlrosc nlll~irs
wc:l~::~,tstake foyrt I~i~l~s~lf; no pril coidll t!vcr overtnke
II~III11111wovi~led, \v110 ncvcr knew tlrc loss of any thill~ thndl
slollr. 1Io repcll~:~l one n:~ilby wrotl~cr, bci~ig I ) I W C I I ~ 1 ~ ) ~ ~
the kin:; with letters irrv;sIitl:~titt;; tl~c for111cr. IV~LCIX. Tlw
cl~iancellor having porccivctl the sl~a~r~cf~d co~~trwiciy of the
III:LI.I~~~CB of Iris princt?, lest the king'.$ f:~mc sl~oulclLc i~!iureil
by the fact, if he P r ~ ~ ~ in ~ the t I C:LII~C, ~ ~ clehrrc~l311 l
proccxs
of botli tile onc j?nrty null the otlrcr till tlre ki~rg's rctart~.
,t(l:ct. 18. Icing ltichar~l esn.utc11 :Ln oath fr~bul l~is two
brothers, Jolrn, his owir brothcr, ant1 C+cofiey, :b ~SI;WII, tl~:~i,
they vould not entcr Englnntl witl~in three yc:w fw~u 11is
~le~)i~.rturc, tl~e tl~ree years to LC reclio~rcd from tllc cl:~y of his
slnriiug fro~n Tours ; tllro11g11 the e~~hcatics of Ilk ~notl~cr,
I~otvever, cli~~crrsio~ so f:~r culrccr~~ing .Jolun, that pnssing into
EII$:L~I~ wjtlr the CII:~IICCIIOI"S zpprobation, Ilc sllonl~l al,icii:
his ,,udgment, and. at his j)lunsrrro Ire shuuld eill~cr relnain in
the Iriugclorn, or live in cxilc.
Queen Elcnoor's clo\vry was recognized tl~ronghout the
king's territories by CL solemn act, 31111 delivereel up lo hrr, so
tl~.zt slre who Lad before livod on thc Ihlreq~.~cr 11li;:11t tl~enceforward
live on her own.
The king's fleet, having lcft its own shorts, sailed round
Spaiu, mtl from the occan h~irig entcrcd tllc Meclitorrnnean,
wlticlr further on is called tl~cGrecian Sea, by the
Strnits of Ahica, stecrcd on to b[:zrseillcs, thcrc to await
tLc: ki~g.
The Icing of France and the Iiillp of England, bnving llcl~l
z council at Tours nucl again nt 'Vexel:ry, and confirniccl tlrc
treaty between t,lic~nrclvc~ and their I;in:,r~lours, anel Iraving
settled and disposocl of dl thinp on both sitles according to
tllcir plensure, clepsrt from e:~cl~ othcr with their respective
armies. The Frencllni:~n, bciyg sul),jcct to sicknes at see,
mnrchcs by laud to Sicily; the Z~rglirjl~man, on the contrary,
nbollt to ~roceed by sea., co~r~cs to 3l:wseillcs to his ships.
Baldwin, arcltbislrop of C;~nterb~~r~,I-Ir~bert mcl Walter,
Lishop of Salisbury, bcing tho only lisbops of all Eugbmcl
who ncco~nplisllccl their vo~vs, follow the ]

1% IIICIll\RD 03 DDVIZGS. LSECT. 1"-XU.
to supplant onc anotlicr ill tl~cir ~)riorics ant1 govcrnmcnt
eitl~erby c~trc:ltyor bl,ibcs, nncl nltllougl~ S O I ~of ~IICIII hn\-c
son~cli~l~cs atttmptrd sornctllinq of t11:lt sort, tl~;.~t I~owever we
11:~vcsccn ~isittvl witl~ contlig~ ~)unisl~n~cnt. Tlicrc was a
ccrt;li~~ VPIII:I.:L~~~C I I I ~clectc!tl prior of Mollhc~t~ so!c.ly on
accoui~telf his \vorL11, Joscclinc Iry n:Lme, in wl~o~n yo^ coulcl
discern 11ot11in.y but wli:~t w : ~ p~~niscworll~y. To supp1:tnt
this so poll n i1ln.n thcrc cum n CCI~:L~I~ onc, WIIOSC nnmc it is
not r~c!ccs-:~.:.yto mention, o11c of his Ljlse Lrethreu, with
lCttc~.s,ol)f:~inccl by jircnt cunning from the abbot of' Cluni, by
wl~icl~ it was co~~u~~n~~tlocl that the prior sl~oultl rcsigu to tho
bmrcr of' the present letters, and the congrecnliun receivc
llim f ~ their r prek~te. Tl~c prior by some mcalls l'orekncm wl~nt
co~~modity the dealer 11xd coinc to seek, wherefore, willlout
nwniting tl~o ~nnntl:~te, IIC vnc:~tccl his sent in tho chapter, nlitl
the cc~ngrc,qntion 1~ei11g present, ntlclrcssecl him, " Fricntl, fur
W~I:L~ :LI~ tho11 COIIIC?" Hc, 11:~ving tnrriccl long that hc might
aplc~r~unwilli~~gly to receive tl~nt, wllicl~ 116 I~nd come to
takc by violcuce, nt lc~~jith betool; himself to his sent, nud
anon i~nprccnicrl I~i~nsclf, myiug, "0 thou, who with urlnltcrabln
purposc govcrne:jt tile worlcl, whoso powcr tn.l;es it.:
pnslin~c in IILIIII:LII nffi~irs, who p~~ttcst clown the niigllty and
esnltcst ll~c IILIIII~~C! 0 tl~ou just j~~~lge Jeso Christ, if
-wro~~gi'ully1 here prcsitlc, withont tlcl:~y autl ~rianifestly tlu
thou voucl~snfe to sl~cm!" Bcl~olcl the nlirnclc ! On ll~ni
samc d:~y 11e lost 11is spcecl~; on thc nc:xt, his life; on tl~c
tl~ird, Ling consig~~ctl to tl~e cartl~, Ile 1c:lrnt by eupcricucc.
and tnaylit - by - csnml)lc, tlrst mrtlicl pl~uu~ler is ucver followecl
by p~ospcrousrcsults.
A certain uio111; of GlnstonLnry, in hopes of promotion.
courtcrl E:w1 501111 wit.11 maily ])rcsc~~ts ; but just 8s he shoulrl
ll:~vc conie to rcceive it, n certain bc:un having sudclenly givcu
may, f'cll ill. his face, so tint, bi~~isetl nncl wholly disfigured.
lie lost Loth his eggs (qy. cqxctntions) and his nlonej
tojict,llcr.
Sect. 20. Tl~cships ml~icli tl~e king found alreatly prepnrcc'
on tllc sl~orc wcre ouc I~unrlrcil in number, and four tee^
busses, v~sscls of grent ~nnpilutlc and sdtnir:zble swiftness
strong veescls mtl vcry so~ultl, wlrereof this was thc equipagt
nntl npl~oi~~tnient.The first of the sl~ips l~ad three spnrc
r~~tl~ltm. t.I,i~t.tie~~ n.nc1101~. t,l~irtv oars. two sails. three sets o

,
ropcs of dl kinds, and bcsitles these tlouble wllntcvcr a ship can
WLII~, exccpt ~IICnx~st n.11,l tll~ ship's bont. Tllcrc i* :~ppoia ted
to the slrip's co~nr~lnnd a nlost espcricnccd stuelm:l,u, nnd
fourteen s11bori1in:ite atlcn,lnl~ts piclce~l for the service nre
:Lssignctl 11in1. Tl~e sl~il) is t'rc!igl~tccl with forty IIU~SCSof
v:duc, trninc~l to nlmI3, :bnJ wit11 nrnlu of :dl i;iat.ls fur many
Ilol.se~uen, and forty foot, snd fiftccn sailors, and with an
entire yenr's provisions, for ;IS rimy men and borses. There
was Gne appointrncr~t for dl the ships, but ench of the Lusses
received n double nl)l,ointrrrent ad freight. The king's trcnsure,
which W:LS very grc:~t :~nd inrstimnble, w:w divided
~ I I I O Ithe I ~ ~ ships nncl Lusscs, that if one part sl~ouJd erljericnce
danger, the rest nligl~t Le snvcd. AJI thing beiua thus
arrnnpl, the king I~imdf', wit11 n s~nnll housel~oltl, and the
&icf rlien of his army, with his nttcudnnts, Inving quitte4l the
shorc, nclvnnccd bcforc tlrc fleet irr gdluys, :~nd being daily
c~rtertxi~~ed by the inaritir~rc towns, ti11ii11g nlorrg with tlleru
the Iqcr sl~il)~ and busscv uf that scn, arrived ~n~~q.~ero~~sIy
nt Mess~na.* So gre:~t wnu tl~n ~plentlour of the : L~J~I-O:LI:~I~II~
nrmament, such the clashing :ud brilli:~~~cy of tl~cir ~~IIIS, YO
noble the so~~ud of the tr11111l)cts and clwil~na, tht tl~c city
qu:~l;ed and was grc:~tly ~~IJLIII~CII, and tl~erc cnluc lo 111cct
the 1ci11g n multituclu of all ngcs, ~~oplc without IIIIIII~JCL', won-
dering and procl:~in~ing with \v11:~1 cscccding glory all11 rnngnificcnce
t11:lt Icing I d :~rrivctl, surp:~ssitlg tlte king of I~KLIICL:,
wlu) wit11 his forccs 11;1d al.ri\,ccl seven clays Lcfore. i111d
furns~nuch ns tl~c Iciyg of Frnnce 11n1l bccn nlrendy riw:iv~!tl
illto the pslnce of Ta~~crcd, king of Sicily, within the w:~ll,r,
tl~c king of En$nn~L pitcl~ed llir cnnlp witllot~t the city. Tlle
enrllc cI;~y the lcmg of 1hmq I;nowi~rg of the nr~ival of lliv
co111rnl11:n~cl brotl~cr, iiics to his reccl)tion, nor ~0111~1tllcir
geatlncs snfticicntly csp~~>.~ ill c~l~l)r:~ccs arrcl Liascs l~vw nlucll
e:dl of tl~c~n rqjoiccd iu the otlm-. The nrn~ics cl~eeretl one
nnoll~cr wit11 nintl~nl nppl:~r~sc :LIIL~ interco~rrsc, as if' so m:lny
.tl~orrsnnd rnen I d been nll of one 11c:trt. :111(1 onc miud. 111
such p;~stirncs is tila Lo1id:l.y qrcrrt ont.il the evening, nnd tlle
we:?ry kings ilepnrti~~~, altl~ougl~ uot mti:~lctl, return every
OIE to l~is own qnartcrs. C)n tlie nest Jay lllc of
Er~glnuclpresently cnuscd gibLct.s to be erectcd without -the
* He arrives at Mrssinu, Sept. 23.

cnliip to l~nng tl~cl'con t.l~icvcs n.11c.l rol~l~crs. Tl~cjuclp t1dt.:ptc~lS~:LI-CI~nuitl~cr
ses nor qc; the anwe of tl~c 8f,I.%11,~~\1'
n d the i~at,ive Souud the like 1:~w :a111 tl~c lilic punial~mcuf,,
,. 1111: I

of C%:mpng~~c, mil E:rldwin, nrc,I~l,isI~op uf C:~ntcrbury, nntl
JJul)crt, 1)ishop oi' hlisbury, nntl R:IIJ)II tlc GI:~nvillc, with :I
st,r,o~~g a~m~y; of wlwm ArcllLisllop 1JnlJwin a d Rnlll11 do
C;I:LIIY~IIC tlicd at tl~csiege of tllc city, wl,icl~ thc T~:ltin!, dl
:\(:re m5 the JCW Accnron, wl~ilc tllc kinp still rcrnaillcd in
* Tl~corigin of this joke is uulinonn.

furll~cr, that tl~c sloth of tlic English inay lmxme :L by-word
to the cncls of the earth ? An I uot riqbt, tl~en, 0 my friends,
in ~.rgarcling this ;IS a ncw cause of so~~ow ? T~IIJ~, IIIC~II~UICS
7 sec you delilwi~tcly spnre yvur pnius, tlat pe~dl:uwe you
m:~y the bettcr contend wit11 Sulacljn I~erenftcr. 1, your lord
mtl 1;i11g, love you ; I :L~Iso'licitous for your 11o11orw; I tell
you, 1 wnn1 ~ O I I:gain nud gain, if now you tl~prt tltus
tu~revengctl, tlw lucntion of this base flight will I~otl~ precede
and accwnpuny you. Old wo~ncl~ and ohilclren will be mised
np against you, and assurance will yi(*lcl a doublo cllergy to
evcry enemy ag~inst the rurraw;lys. L Iaow 111nt 110 who
-
sn.ves any unc Ly constmi~~t, docs the mne as kill him ; the
I will c k I I i t i s will. I nru unwilling to
cun~pel any one of you to stay with me, lest the fex of one
SIIOLII~sl~~fie alwtl~er's confidence in the battie. Lct every
one follow wlnt IIC may Inve choscn, but I will either (.lie 1m.e
or will rcvengc tl~csc wrongs cotun~on to nie aurl you. If
l~cncoI clepart alive, &ktdill will see me only s col~cll~cror ;
will you tlcpart, and leave ine, your Iiiug, alot~e to nlect the
conHict ?"
Sect. 24. The king l~nd sc:~rcely well cor~cluderl his
I~armgue, wheu all his brnvc allel vnlinut nlcn burst out,
troullcd only that their lord appeared to inistrust his n~cn.
They pron~ise that they will comply fi-01.11 their soulu with
wh:~lever he sld enjoin ; they are ready to pcnetr:~ta rnonnhim
aud walls of brass, slionld he but giro a nod : dl Sicily,
rrt his con~~n;~nd alonc, sl~nll be su~jcatcd to hilo I)y their
l:~l)our; if he shoultl but dcsirc it, as I'ar 3,: the Pillm of
Ilercnles sldl bc stecpecl in blood. As the clall~ow, I~usl~cd
by tl~e rulcr's gravity, suLsidc11, "I a111 ]de:~sad," mid he,
"w1t11 wllat I Ilear ; yuu refresh my spirits by your rcdiness
to cast OH' your clispco. Aucl, :LS delay 11;~s a.l\rnys lieen
hurtful to tliosc who nre prepared, we u~uvt 111:~lie lmte, so
that wllntevcr we tlcsign may be suclclen. Mcssin:~ rl~iJl be
taken by uie in the lirst lhcc, the Cirifb~~es s11;~ll either
mnsoln L I I C I I ~ I ~ S or , bc solcl. If li ing T;LIICI~ do IIO~more
,speedily s:~tisfy me for IIIY sister's do~vry :~ncl the lrgocy, of
King \\Tilli:~~~~, wl1ia11f:~llsto rile in right of' Iny L~tllcr~ niter
tl~c clepol~nlntin~r of' his bingrlom, he s11:~ll be co~~~pelled to res
t , ~ tllcu~ ~ fourfold. Whatever belongs to Ll~c j~~l~abibt~ts
sl~sll Lc n prcy for everybody to wl~ol~ it sllnll lid1 ; only

n~ith nly lord tl~c ki~y of thc French, who lorl,gcs in tl~c city,
:cncl wit11 311 his t'ollowcrs, sl~nll perfect pc:rcc bc prt:-twc,~l.
1,ct two tl~ousl~ntl bole1 linigl~ts,+~ tllc clloice of tl~e c~~tirc nrlny,
and n thonsnr~~l foot., :~rcl~e~,s, be u~nde I.C:LIIY witl~iu two cI:~,y.s.
Lct tllc 1n.w LC cnl'orced witlrcrut rclliission ; 1ct the Funtn~nn,
vl~oiiiw frill sl,cctl, lvse 11is t'uot, the knigl~t bc clcl)rivell of
his gir~lle. Let elcry rnnn, according to mi litnry tliscil~inc,
be clisp~)sed in line ill csnct :L~I.:LY, md 011 tl~c thin1 thy, at the
so~lntlof the I~orn, Ict tLc111 follow ~nc. 1 will Ileael tl~cn~ ant1
sl~ew tlleln the wny to tl~e city !" The nssenlbly sepnrn.tetl
wit11 the grc:~test npl)l:i.~lsc ; the kil~g, 11:~vin~ rr!nsetl tlle
st~~.nncss of his co~~~~teunuce,rccu was rclur~~ing tbar11;s lor
tllcir good-will mitb llis wouted aK~bility of esp~~ssi,rn.
'
Sect. 25. It wouclerf~llly fell out tht not eve11 tl~c I-' ""5'
enCJlly cuulcl pretend tllat llis came W:L~ ur~just. On the th~rd
d3.y un wl~icll tl~c :Lrnly was to 11:~ve been Ictl forth to battle,
very e:wly in tl~c ~iluruiug, ilichsscl, arclll)isllup of Messina,
the n.rcl~l~isl~up of Plorrtrcsl, thc :~~d~bisI~op ~JSlJisn,
Mxgarilus
Acllnirnlis, Jordan cle I'in, and ruany other of King Tan-
,crctl's L~nrilii~r fri~uds, 113\,ing tnl

Sect. 26. Thc king's nmly hnving on thc p~-evious d : ~ ~
bccn l~umbcrc~lxccordil~g to the nfurcll\cnt,ioriecI order, \v:w
with wlc111n silencc iii WIIIR bc1'01.c tlw C:LIIIJ), :~rr:~itin~ tl~c:
Ilerald, fro111 the risiog of tl~c sun, :ml the 1ral11ers of tllo
peam, not so ee:jily coilling to :I 11ctcr111i1l:ttion, 11acl l~r~,trn~t~:d
tho c1n.y !ill full the tltir~l hour, wheu Ircholtl, s~uldcnly :LIII~
lulespectc~lly, tl~orc W:LS proclni~t~cdby a voice, tuo di.411ctly
11ear11, bef'o~x the gn.tc~~, To n~.it~s, to arms, nlcn ! 1-1ligu
E~~unns is tnlten 2nd bciug inurclercd 1,y thc. G~*ifl;)ucs, all IIP
11:~s is being pluntlerecl, an,l Iris nlc~i are LC~IISsla~~gldcrctl."
The cry 01 the Lrench of pence C O ~ O U I : ~ tllo.+c ~ C ~ wllo wcre
trcatiq fol: tlle Imce, anrl the 1;iu.g of Fimco brolte .forth in
tllc following spcccl : "I take it that Gucl Ilns h:tteJ tl~csc?
Inen, and 11:~~~dcneiI their 11e:wts that they may fdl into the
hands of the Jrstroyos :" and Iinvir~g qniclily retulwxl, with
all whu wcre wit11 hin~, to the ki~~g's pavilion, Ile fuu~itl I~ini
n.1rcnd.y girtling on his sr\wr(l, w11on1 he tl~r~s briefly ncl~lrcsscd :
"I wtll be :L witncss Lrforc all Inen, mhalcver be the collsequencc,
tlnt thou art bl~ll~clcba, if nt length thou tnlxst iLr111S
aqirlst the cnr.icd Gritruncs." Wllcu he llad slticl this, Ite
clcpnrted ; t l who ~ llnd ~ waon~panicd hin~ followed, nuJ
welt receiver1 into tl~c city The kittg of Englntld prooeocls
ill :wins; the terrible strnt~l:~~d of the clrt~gon is borne in flaollt.
unfurled, while bel~iuil tlic king the sooud of tllc trntnpet escites
the ornly. The s ~ sl~onc u brigl~tly on the goldeu sliicl~la,
and the ntouuhiils were rcsplc~lJcntin tl~cir glnre; tl~cy
~ilsid~ed ca~~tiously a d o~*clc~~ly, ant1 the r~FIi~ir \vas II~~II:I~CLI u-itl~out show. T11c C+riffoiies, on tllc coutmry, the ciiy ptcs
bcillg closed, stood n.r~ltccl :~t tltc b:~ttlc~ltcnts of the walls nlttl
towcrs, 3s yet fenring r~otl~ing, nnJ iu?:c\i,s~~itly i1isch:u~~iI
thcir dmts upon the ot~c~uy. Thc Iiillg, ncclunintcil v1it.h
notl~iug better than to tnke citics Ly storm nncl battcr furLs,
lct their cluivcrs be cmpticcl lid, nncl tlleii at length made lrif
first ,a~~%rdt by his archem who prccedctl the army. The sky
is hitldeli by the sliowe~ of arrows, n thousnncl darts pierce
through the slliclds spm1.11 n.broad on the rn~r~parts, i~lothi~ig
could save tlic rebels agninst thc forcc of the c1:lrts. Tl~c wnll:
are left witltou t guard, bccnuse no one cuulcl look out of cloor.3,
but 11e would Ilave an nr1mrv in l~is cyc before hecoulcl sliut il;.
Sect. 27. In tl~e rnenn tilne, tl~e kiug with l~is trool)a:
wirl~out rcnulac. frcelv and as tllo~~~li with perl~~issiu~l.

1 0 . 1 ~ 1 ~ 1 1 . PLAW i ~ ~ ' ~,~G.\IXST JIFSSIXA. 17
wit,l~ my lord the king of tlrc French, who lodges in the city,
and wit11 all 11is followc~.~, s11:~ll 1)dcct ~C:LCCbe prcservc(l.
Let two tl~ousnncl bold Iknigl~ts," the choice of ll~c cntirc! :trlrly,
and 3 tl~ousnrd fuot, :~rchers, bc ulncle re:rtly within two tl:~ys
Lct the 1n.w be enl'u'orced without rc~~~issiou ; let thc fuot~nnn,
who flics full sl,ced, lose 11is fuot, tl~e knight be deprivetl of
i s I e . Let cvcry Illnn, nccortli~~g to n~ilitnry cliscil)linc,
he tliul~osccl in line ill cs:~ct :~rr:~y, ~ c un I tl~c thild clay, at the
,SOIIII~of the 11o1.11, Ict tl~cn~ f'ollow IIIC. I will head tl~cin n,nd
sl~ew tlleln tllc w:xy to tl~c city !" The a.seinbly separ;i.tetl
wit11 tl~c grcntest a1)plnrise; the king, Ilaving rt:lns.ml the
stern~lessof his counteuaucc, W ~ SCCII ~CLUIWIII~tlla111~sfor
tllcir goo(1-\\.ill wit11 Ilis wontcd nffl~bility of esl>ression.
Sect. 25. It wonclerfully fell out tLnt not evcn the king's
ellellly coul~l I,rctcr~d tl~:~t his cawe W:LS un-just. On the tllircl
Jay ou \vllicb tile nrmy was to lrave becn 1~11 forth to battle,
\,cry early in the n~~rni~~g, RicIlard, :~'orcl~bisllop of' Rles~ina,
tlle rncl~l~isl~op of' Mont~ml, tl~c :~'orcl~bishop of' l'isn, M;~~*garitus
Adr~~iralis, Jordan de l'in, 2nd nlany otl~cr of' King Tzncreel's
fhn~iliar fric~~du, 11nvi11g hkcn with tl~e~n Philip, kills
- of the Bre11c11, tl~c bisl~up of' Carnot, t,l~c dukc of l3ulgu11d~,
the counts of A'cvers a ~ Peroh, ~ d :~nd nnny f'ollowcrs of the
king of France, also, the arcl~bishops of liouen and Auch, tl~e
bisl~ops of J3vren.u and Bnyo~~nc, and all who werc sul)posecl
to 11ave any influe~~ce wit11 the English, c:me rc\wcutly lo
tl~e kilts of Engl:~nd, that they 111igllt ~ ~ L I SsntiJ':~ction C for
all his con~plair~ts to be givcu tu his cu~~tc~~t. Tl~eking,
after
long a d ei~rncst solicitation, is prevnile~l 011 by the entlwty of
such 11onour:~ble nwl, nrd cu~nn~its bl~e ~nntlc'or to be settlecl by
their arbitration. They wo~ld consider well the enormity of
what he 1i:~cl bad to brook, nncl would provide tlmt tl~e s:~tisfaction
should be nnswc~nl)lc to the offence. Wlxtteve~~ their
generd deliberation sliol~ld hve detcrn~inecl to bc snlticient,
wuuld be saht'actory to him, if ody, fro111 that very monierit,
uonc ol' thc Grifones would lay I~nnds on his men. Those
who hi~d coine werc cveu Inore astonislled tl~au rejoiccd at
tl~k ulll~oped-for clen~ency, anel givi~~g him at once wl~at he
11:ld Inst propouudod, thy retired I'ro~n the liing'~ presence,
and were asse~liblecl :~t some distance to trext of the rest.
* Literally, men who lwve not their hearts in their boots.
c;

Scct. 26. Tltc 1iing'~i army l~aving on the previous c1;1,y
bccn numbercrl nccorcling to the nforemcntioned ortlcr, wn.8
with solc~nn silence in wrns bcforc the C31).1p, aw:~iting tllc
herald, fro111 tho rising of lhc snn, :~nd tllc fm~ners of tile
r penex, not so awily conling to n ~letcrruinnkion, 11nd ],retracted
the day $11 11111tlte thircl Itour, wllen bcbold, suddenly ant1
nnespctellly, therc was proclninletl by n voice, too distinctly
l~eartl,before t1.a ptm, "To nrnlrj, to arnw, mcn ! I'lngo
Branns is talm nud being miuclerccl I,y tlrc Griffoor~es, all I I P
hss is being plnntlerecl, n,nd his nlcn are bciq slsoglltcrccl."
Tho cry of tltc brcacll of peace confouutlecl tlwc who wcro
tvcntir~g
brolie forth in
for t h pcnce, n,il,l the Iiing of F~~IICI:
the following spcccl~: "I tn.l;e it th~ztGod l~ns 11:~teJ tl~eso
I ~ I ,and I~nvtlcned tlleir 11e:~rts that they niny fa11 int.0 tl~c
11sr1tls of tl~e dcstruyer :" a d l~nving quiclily ~.eturnecl, will1
nll who wcre with 11ia1, to Il~c 1ti11~'s pvilion, he foul~tl 11ili1
drcnlly girding on his sword, wllo~n he tltns briefly nd~lrci.setl :
"I will be a witncss bcforc all Inen, wlintcver be tlle cotlscquencc,
that thou art blnmclesa, if nt leugtl~ tliou takest arm
-. qninst the coraecl Grift'oncs." Wllcn he 11x.d said this, he
del~arted; Lhosc who llnd accompanied him followed, and
mere received into tl~e city. Tlle \;ing of England proceeds
in arms; the terrible stantla~d of the dragon is borne in front
unfurled, wltilc behind tlte king the so~und of the trorrll~et excites
tl~c army. The snn shone brightly 011 tl~cgolden shicltls,
and the nioiurtn.ins wet-c rcsplcuh~till their glare; they
~i~nrcl~ed ~;2~ltiousl,y 3~nd 0vd01.1y, ;1.11(1 the aflllir wns III~II::~~
witlto~~t sl~uw. T11c ChiR;jncs. 011 the contrary, the city ptcs
bcing closed, stood nlw~ccl 111,tlie b;~ttlc~ircnt~ of the wdIs a1111
towcrs, ns yct fe:wing notl~i~lg, and inlc*xn.ntly Jiscl~:l~yxl
their darts npou the enclny. The Iiing, acqu:~,intcil with
notl~iug bettcr than to tnke ci~ics by storm ant1 batter forts,
let their qnivcrs be emptied first, : L I ~then :~tlengtll made his
first assnnlt by his archers who precedcd the army. The sliy
is hiclclen by the shorver of arrows, n tllous:~nd Jarts picrce
through Lhe shielcls spre:ul xl)roncl on the ranlparts, uotliil~g
could save thc rebels ng~iast the forcc of tlw darts. The walls
are left without gunrcl, becausc no one could look out of (lours,
but he would llavc nu ntww ill his cyc before he could shut it.
Sect. 2'7. 111 the rnenn ti~n~, tl~c kins wit11 his troops,
without repulse, frccly ard ns tl1ou~11 with permission,

np1roncllccl the gnt,cl; of the city, which, with the npplicntion
ol' llrc battering-rim, IIC foi.cecl ill an instwt, art1 l~:~villg lcd
in his :Lrrny, took L'YL\I.Yhold in the city, even lo 'l';~~lclw['s
palace :mil the lollgi~~gs of the Frcnch a~ountl thir lii~lg's
qrlwtcrs, wllich Ilc s~I;L~cCI ill .rc::pcct of the Itins Itis lor(\.
'Jlhct st:l,1111nds of thc victom we planted ou tl~e tonfcrs
tl~rou~l~ the whole circuit of the city, and mc11 of tl~o sur­
~wdercd fortific:~tiu~ls 1112 i11tr11stc1.1 to p~rticular(;~pt,iiiu~ of
his army, a1111 ~ I I ~ Cllis I I IIUI)ICS to take 111) their qmrtcrs in
the city. He tool; tl~c Eons of dl the nubility bo~;L of llro
city and sun.on11cling conntry :IS hst:l~rs. that tlizy sl~ould
eitlter be redce~neil at the kill$(,; price, or the ~~elnnintlcr of
, tllo city SIIOIIILL bc tlclirere~lup to hiw witl)out couflict, and
hc sl~ould tnlto to 11i111self sntisfiwtion for llis clun~:~.ndx fro~n
their king Tt~ucrctl. ITc bep~ll to :~t~%cl;. the city : ~ hthe t
fift,l, l~oi~r of the do>y, and tuck it the tenth 111)ur; nnc-I Lsviug
witl~~Ir;~\vn his nruly, returnctl victorious to l~is camp. Killg
Tancletl, terlifiecl nt the worcls of tllose who :~nr~ou~loed
to Ilim the issm of the tmnssction, 11,zstened to n1:tl;e :un
_ ng~eel~~cnt with him, sending hi111 ~WCLI~Y 1110~1sand ounc~sof
plcl for his sister's clowrypn~l otller t~veuty thousa~lcl ounces
of gold for the Ic,pcy of hmg Willin~n :~nd the OI)SC~Y:LIICO of
perpet.unl pence towar~ls llin~ and l~is. This small sum is
accepted with ~nucl~ nnlo nnd sco~mfully enough, thc Ilostages
are givch back, and pence is sworn and confiri~~ccl I,y tJ~e
nol)les of bob11 notions.
Sect. 2s. The Icing of Engld, now hying little con-
fide~~~~nntiveg in the built n new wooden fort of g~~cnt
stre~lgth and 11eigllt hy the walls of Messinn, wlricll, to tile
reproacl~ of tho C-rittb~m,11e called " M:~teg~*ifYui~." rl(11e
king's v:~lour was grcntly extolled, nncl the land Itopt siIe~lce
in his prescnw. Walter, who t'ron~ n monli. a11,1 1)l.ior of
St. S\vitl~i~~'s CILIII.CIIxt ~!'i~~cl~estcr, hncl been atlvnnccd to be
abbot of Wcslminstor, diod on the fii'th of the calends of
October.
Sect. 29. Q.ueea Eleanor,* a ~natclllcss woman, beautiful
and chaste, powcrful and n~odcst, rueeli and eloquent, wllicll
is nrely wout to be met with in n, woman, wllo mns advanced
in years enoyl~to hve had two Ilusbands and two sons
* Eleanor, queen of Lcwis and Henry, mother or I-Icnry wll nid1a.d.
r. r)
.''

IN TIIE YEAR OF THE LORD nIC'XC1.
Sect. 30. Tl~e first conference betweon the cnrl of Blortain,
the king's brother, nntl the cl~;~nccllor, 1c

- wl~icl~clifticlcuce, the! n~ost wrctcl~e~l
wllilst, forgcttjng stmne, hc prctentleJ, with t11:~t hrotion
of n~otl~crs, I)I.~II;IIL
forth, tl~~t p:rstors of' the c1111rcl1 sl~ould rstber preach thn
light, and t11:ct it is 11ot mcet For a bisl~op to wield otl~er nrnls
t11n11 tl11,:11 of virtue. Eut thc liing, to wholu llis money
nl)pr:rrctl Illore nccessnry tl~an his personnl prcscncc, :IS if
col~vi~~ccd by the o),crl)owcri~rg argrr~~~cnt, ~.]II)L'OVCCL the
nllegxtions, and having nr~.:uigctl conoer~~in~ tllc thrce years'
cdntrib~~tioo that IIC sl~oulcl h~rr~isl~ of n certaiu ull~t~ber of
rllcn m~cl l~orscs, scllt hinl b:icl.; ngniil into Englnnrl witll lliu
Icttcrs to Willinul the cl~ancellor ; this beil~g adtled nt the
CIIJof tile lctters for Ilonour nntl for dl, th:~t the cl~anccllor
sl~oultl use his counsel in aff:tirs of state. 'I'l~e Iiing l~aving
pi11ct1 cxpcrience from the proceedings of this archbishop,
~)~~-iAccl I~is :wnly, 11ot permitting suy onc to come wit11 lii~n
I)ut such m coll[d Ireax :mns, and with a ready mind wonld
uw then1 ; nor did he snft'cr those who returned to take back
with thn their ~r~ottey, wliirl~ they Ilsd brought thus far, or
thcir arms. Tl~e queen, also, his mother, who 11:d been
receivcd with :111 honour, i ~9it w:ls meet, and after afYcction:rte
e~nbrces11x1 bee11 led forth witl~ pent splcndour, he cn~lsed
tn return with the arclibishop ; Ilnving rctzined for I~i~nsclf
the princess wlio~n he bad sougllt, n d intrusted hcr to the
k

safe CIIH~;O~~ of his sister, who I d now retnnletl to the csnlp
to ~llect her mollter.
Secl. 34. 6ol1n, I)isltop of Esctcr, closeci his Inst 11:~y.
Swvaric~~s, arcl1r1c:~con of Nortltnnq>t.on, being also onc of
the many who Itml followctl tlic kin:,. of Engl:~~~cl 011t of
Englnntl to Sicily, was supplied by the king with Iettcrs
patent, in tllc prcscncc of the king's niollicr, Go tlm j~t.,ticiarics
of Engl:~.ntl, contniniug the Icing's wsscut, and .somctl~i~tq t~~orc
than an usscnt, that he ,shonlcl be pronioted to ml~atever
vacant tlioccsc he coulcl be clcctetl to. Tllese hono~lrnlJe
acq~~isitionsS:~vnricus scnt to ltis ltjus~inn, tlte bidlop of
Bath, into l%gl:~nd, but IIC I~intsclf retired to 1Lo11io;IS oiic
who lid bccn bcst Icuown ntuollg the Romans.
Sect. 35. Ricllartl, liiilg of E11glnn11, in lottet~s dcsti~~cd for
Engl:m11, tnltin:;. lenve of' his whole Iiing~Ioni, al~cI giving
strict i~;junctiou for the chancellor to be houo~~retl by dl, l~is
flcet, more to be prized for its quality than its nu~nler;j, bcin;
in realinc.~~, wit11 a chosen slid brave arniy, with his sister
Johanna and the princess lle ww to marry, with a11 tl~ings
which could be neccsmry for tlwse going to war, or going to
set out on n long journey, set sail on the fourth of the jdes of
April. In the fleet, moreover, t11cl.e werc one Lu~nclred and
fifty-sis sltips, four-and-twenty b~rs;.cu, and thirty a d [line
galleys ; the sum of tllc vessels two I~untlrcrl nnd niucteen.
Sect. 30'. The archbishop of Roucn cmJc to Englantl to tlic
cl~anccllor,By wlioln he vas receircil and tre:ltecl honourably,
and ~o~lcll better tltnn the kiug llml co~nniantlctl. Others also
fullowcd with nmny rn:n)Ltes, in all or which the conclusio~>
was, tl~nt tl~e cliancellor should be obeyed Ly all. To his
brother Julln cspccially, lie scnt word by evcry rnesseyscr.,
that lie should adhere to the chnncellor, that lie sl~auld bc
a support to him against dl illen, ant1 that he sl~oulcl not
violate the oath he lid gisen him. The king of Englnnd
sent oldcrs to the cl~ancello~; and to the convent of
Cantcrbur~, ant1 to the bishops of the province, thnt they
should cnnonicnlly ard jointly provide for tlic metropolitan
see, bccnnse, Baldwin beiug dead, it had been bereft of its
prelntc ; for the abbacy, howcver, of Westminstor, uow
vacant, it is perrnittccl to the chnncellor alone to ordain as lie
plcases. Therc hq~pened an eclipse of tl~c sml ahout the third
hour of the day : those who wero ignorant of the muses of

? tllil~gs wcre astonisl~ctl, tlint in tl~c of
- cllnncellor. Tlie I

12cprc)of ww too htc :LfhX' he enw ; &gcr lcnves lhc 1ii11g-
JUIII, :~n J the cllnnccllor gives orclcw to besiege Liucol~~. (3,:mptl
Ira.; wid1 the earl ; t~nd his wifc Nichol:~:~, proposi~gII)
llersclr llollii~~g cfil~lit~:tte,~lef'cntld the casl.lc lilit: a ltl:~ll.
Tllc cl~:~nccllor was wl~oly I~uaicil :~buut Ihuln, wl~ilst;hri
Jo)ln occnpicd the castle of hTut,til1g11:~111 nld tll:~t of Ticlillill,
boll^ u:ry stroi~g, tllc wnrdcn Gcing co~npellcrl to the 3~1.rcntlcr
l)y few olot~e. EIc proccecld, niolwwr, to scld word
to the cllancellor tl~ut Ile must I.:L~SC the siege, 01. otl~erwi.\r: lle
~oultl awn~c: tl~c calm of his V:LP~;LI ; 111:~til was ]lot ~ I Y ~ C I ~
to take fio111 th~: loyal Incn of Ll~c liil~gtlo~~t, wt:ll kl~owll an([
fret, their cll:rrgca, ant1 col~nnit ~IICIII to str:ulgw~: L I ~ 111~11
unknown ; that it was a, a~larl~of his folly t11:tt he Il:d intrustetl
thc Ici~~g's c:~stles lo sncl~, bccnusc tl~cy wo~tlcl csliosc
t11c11ito ~IV~IIAI,L:~S ; tht if' it SIIOLII~go wi~ll cvcry hrb:u.inl~
wit11 that f':dity, thnl, cvcu tho cutlcs slluultl Le rcnlly
at nII tinlc~ fi~r tl~cir reccptim, tht IIC wuulcl uo 1u11jr~r I)e~r
in silcnce tlic dcatruction ot' his brotl~cr's kinK:lo~n aucl ttili~iw.
Qcct. 39. Thc clloneellol; incrcilibly troablecl ac tI~c:-;c
tlircats, having si~r~unol~ed bcfurc lli~~l the pccn and chiefs ol'
tlx :mny, bcgins : " Ncvcr trust III~if tllis III;LII SC(:I\R 110t to
s~~l!jl~gr~tc tlle l~ingclo~~r to I~i~llsclf'; wh~t Ile plwimes is
esorliitnnt, cwn it' llc h11 n right to wear tl~e crown by
~nllunl turns with his I,rotlicr, for Eteoclcs 11:~s unt yet cowpletctl
n fnll ycnr iu his govcrn~~~e~it." Ilc utt.erc11 Inmy
words of ~11guisI1aftcr this rnmlller ; ant1 then ngah lmving
talicll I~c:~rt, ;IS Ile mas grc;ttcr in IIIU~;IS cour;lgc t11311 in pl~yaicnl,
conccivinggrcet tl~i~lcrs in his ~ni~ltl, Ilc sc~~t the %l'~~ll~klltl~)
of Roucn to the earl, clc~~~:~l~tling in all illq~erative lu;mncr
tl~:~t Ile sl~oultl clelirer up thc c:~stI~:s, and tlrnt Ile shot~ltl
nnsrver Lefore tllc court or Ki~~y's Ecnch Lor tlrc brc:d~ of his
o:i,tl~ to his brotl~cr. The a~d~bisl~op, skilful ill worliing wit11
citl~cr IranJ, pmiset-1 the conshncy of tlw c1~:~nccllor; and
Ilavil~g proceeded to tbc earl, after the delivery of tlie manclntcs,
be wl~iq)cred in l~isear, tlmt wl~atevcr others might say,
he should tlnrc sometllioy great, worthy of (:yar,z ard the
dungeon, if hc hired to he any thi~ig. In pul)lic, I~oweucr,
he ndviseil tllat t.lie enrl :LII~~ ~hcl~:~nccllor sliunl~l :~grc.c to a11
interview, and tht a reference to arbitration slio~ilcl end hir
dis~~greerne~~t.
Sect. 40. The earl, greatly exa~spcmtcJ at the inll~ropriety

I 1ni.1 AN INTERVIEW AGREED UPON. 25
frivoloos.espre~:jio~~s, t11e.y npplicd tl~e~;~sclucs to the weighty
n~atkrs. They consultetl dwut tho dcn~;rnJs of the cl~nucullor
;a d the counscl of the archlisl~op, that thcro shou[d bc
~uectingof tl~e~ri both, was ogm:t.l tv, nbont tllc mitldlc of
tlle day. Tl~eday was fiscJ for tllc lift11 of tllc C:L~CIII~.~ of
August ; the place witl~ont Winchester. Tlic cl~:~~t:r;.llu~~
allowed whnt tl~cyl i d settled to stmtl, nncl, linvi~~g bl.olie!~
up the siege, returned to London.
Sect. 41. The e:d, I~o\veucr, fenring his cr:~ftines.s, brought
thitller four tl~ousand Welsl~, tl~nl, if tlre cl~nnccllor sl~odcl
entlcavo~~r to take hi111 during the trncc, they, bciq !~l:wc!tl i ~ r
anibusl~ close beside the conference, might t11rv:wt 111s er~deayours
I)y :z s:~lly. Bloreover, 110colnun;lnfilctl tl~nt it ~li0111tl be
sr~n~lnonecl,nncl required tl~~t every one of his ~ncn, and
otllcrs, his ntlhere~rk, shot~lcl be p~-e])nrecl to go to bottlc,
sllould attend. him at the phcc a1111 on the clay of the eng,xemeut,
so thnt .w the interview between hill~self ancl the lurtl
of the wide Ian11 had been n~r~le~token, at least 11e niigtlt
escape dive, if he, who was more than a king, though less in
his eyes, should transgress apinst the law, or slloulcl not conseut
to nu nrrangcment. The chancellor, howevcr, on tl~c
other Ilancl, commanded that one-thircl of the soltlicry, with $11
tllc arms of' a11 England, sl~oulcl proceed to Wincllcste~- by the
day appoin tecl ; rnorcover, at the expcnsc of tile 1iillgJs re\relluo
he ~lso hid some Welsh, thnt if it should colue to a co~~te~t
- ;L

with the earl, IIC nrigllt hme an eqnnl nrray, and jnvcli~~s
tllrentc~~ing jnvuhe.
Sect. 4'12. Tl~t!y canx to the interview as w:~3 before ag~.rctl
on, :Lntl it 11:~~pc:netl to tcrnlinate Letter tl~:~n was feaxetl. 'i'lle
nptee~~lent, luorcovnr, 1n:ule bctwccn tllc c!d nld the ch:u~ccllor
\r:t.? tl~ts, i~iitl ill tl~isway provided. First of :dl nri:I.e
Ilnnlcrl tllc thrce bial~ops of Wi~lcllc!stcr, London, null Cntl~, ill
wllt,sc fillelity e:lcl~ 1):~rty CO~S~IIC~I'CII l~i~nself ticcure. Tlrc:
bisl~ol,~cliosc for tl~c cl~i~nccllor's part the three: earls of
MT:~rren,of Arut~tlcl, of (:lare, a d certi~irt other eigl~t by
II~UIIC. Po1. tl~c earl's pnrt, Stel~llcn Rick$ the! end's C~:I,IIcellor,
William tlc Venueval, Rci.innld clc Vr:~sseville, 311d
ccl%ain otl~cr eight by nmlc. Tlicsc all, some hehol~lilg
soinc toucl~i~t:: Ll~c holy gospcls, rjworr: tllat they woul(1 pr~- rille ,mtisf:rction Letwecn the earl and the cl~ni~ccllor concc~,~liug
tl~cir q~lnrl.cls :~ud questions to tllc I~onuur of bolh prtics
nl~tl tllc pc:bce of tl~i: I;ingrlom, Aud if I~crcnftcr any tlisaqrccnlont
sl~oulJ 11nppc11 I;ctwccn tllen~, they wor~lcl faitlih~lly
cnd it. Tltc c:ul also, and thc cb:~nccllor, swore thnt tlwy
- would consent to wl~ntever the nforesii.1 jury sl~oulil settlc ;
and this w3s the provision. Ccrard de C.zll~ville, being 1.eceived
into the sl~:~.nccllor's favour, the custoJy of tllcl cttvtlc
of Lincoln W ~ Srcsorvcci to llint ill pexc and safety; the earl
gmrc up the casllc. w11icl1 IIC hntl Lalien, and the cltmiccllor
11avi11g receivctl tbcnl, gavc tl~enlover to the king's filitllful
and licge mc~,nzmely, to 1Villi:m dc Wcnn thc castle of
Nottir~,yl~on~, and to Reginnlcl rle Wassoville the r:~:;tlc of
Tickl~ill;and enclt of tlml pave an hostage to the cl~ancellol.,
tlnt thy wonld keep thosc czstlcs in the safe pcxe nnd
fidelity of tl~ejr lord the king, if hc should return alive. If7
I~awcvcr, tlre king slloldd die beforo his reti~rn, the nforesaicl
cnstles sl~oultl be clclivcrecl np to the eurl, and the cltnncellor
shoultl rcstore tl~c Iiostxges. The constnl)les of the cnstlcs of
the enrl's honours sllould 11e cl~~ngccl by the chnncellor, if the
ewl shoulrl shew rensou for their bcing cl~a~~gccl. The cl~nncellor,
if the king should die, should not seek thc dislreriso~~
of the end; butsl~ould promote him to the kingdom with all
his powcr. Conclncled solcinnly at Winchester, on the seveltth
of the cnlencls of May.
Scct. 43. The chancellor, by wonderf'ul importunity and
earnestness, persuaded first a part of the rno~lbs, and sfter-

1101 .] DEATH OF TIJE ADDOT OF MTJCIIELNEJ'. 27
wards the whole congrcgalion of Wcstn~iostcr, to pemit l~ir
L~.otller, n monk of' Cadorno, to pl~&ss n co11il)itntion iu
Mt~stlninster,:LIIC~ i.0 be elccrctl by all I'ol. Lllcir abht for his
profession and coha.bitn.tion on n c1:l.y apl:~~rintcll ; all11 that thi~
elechio~~ sl~ooltl not be broken, security W;IS t;rhcn by a boll([,
with tl~c church's seal nftised :IS a testilnuny.
Sect. 44. Geoffrey, a brother of King Ricl~arcl n11c1 E:~rl
' John, but not by their ~notlm; who lint1 hen consccrnte~l RI~I-. bisl~op of York at Tours, by the :LI'~IIL~SIIOP of 'YoI~~s,IJYt1i0
pope's com~nand, c,ontir~ually solicit,ed by me>..:ni.c .Jol~n the
king's brotl~er and his own, thnt at the least it &!!t IBC [)PI.mitted
him to return to England; and having ol)t:lirrctl his
consent, he prepred to rcturn. The intcrco~use of the I~ro~llers
did not esc.ape the c11nnccllo1~'sl;nowl1?11ge, wl~o pwviding,
lest their naturnl genuine perverseness should incrc:~sc,COINn~anllecl
t,l~e keepers of the roasts, that wl~c!re\-cr tl~:~t :~rchbishop,
who I~nd a$jnrctl England for the tbrce ycnrs of the
king's travels, sl~oulcl clisen~l)arlt witliin the bountlx of the
kingdom, 110 sl~oulcl not be pcrmittecl to proccecl, but by tl~c
,will of the jury, to whose awarcl tl~e earl idlid the c11ancello1lind
tnke'n oath to stand concerning cvery thing that should
happen.
Sect. 45. A certain Robcrt, prior of Hereford, n monk
who did not tl~irk very n~ennly of I~iniself, nntl gl:dly forced
llimself into otlicr people's husiness tlint Ile migl~C ii~terrnix
his own, l~ad gone into Sicily to the king on tlre clrnncellor's
mcssngcs, wl~cre after thc rest he did not furx-t his own in-
'
terests; and 11:~ving by somc mcnns 01. other worric(1 everybody,
succeeded in obtaining the nhbacy of Muclducy to he
I grni~ted to hiin and contirmotl by tlie king. Into posscssic~n
of wl~icl~, by the chsnocllor's nlcnns, lle cntcred, ap,inst the
will of the convent, neither cnnonically, nor with a bcnctlic:tion;
and presently on the first clay, at 1,11c first dinncr, Ly
f greedily of fresh eels wit.l~oct wine, and morc tlia~l
was proper, he fcll into a languor, wllich the food, iincligestcd
and lying heavily on 2n iriflimed ston1n.cl1, Lrougl~t on. And
t lost tho lallguor should be ascribed to his gluttony, Ire cnusc~l
the monlts of that place to be slnndered of' having given him
poison.
Sect. 46. Geoffrey, archbishop of Yorlc, presuming upon
the consent of his brotl~er Earl John, his shipping being

cncly, cmnc to DOVCY, :all11 l)rcr.:c11l.ly llnvil~~ lnntlc~l, first
sougl~l:L c:h~u.cl~for p3n.yc:l Tllcrc is tller~: a priory of 111olrlts
WIIOSB
wit11 hi3 clcr.l;s to Im~i III:LS:~, and his I~ousel~old way intent nl,out
ltnl:uli~lg .tlic shil~s. No SOOIICI- I d lhc wholc of his gooll,?
~I!CIII:LII~~I~, tll:ln s~~clrlc~~ly L I I ~ CI)II:~LL~IC of tho cnstlc c;~lrscd
w11:~tcvcrIlc tl~oll:;llt WLY tl~c :LI~I~J!S~IO~)'H to 110 b~o~i~llt into
il~ctl)iv~l: nr~tlcrat:r~~~li~~~ 11111rciil1I LIIc C.OIIIIII;LIII~of his 101.11 t11u
CII:LIICCIIW LII~LJI he 11:~tl corn~nnnrlc~l. Ccrtnin also of tl~c
,wltlio~~~, nr~l~ccl ontlcr tl~cir t,~lliic:?, and ;irt wit11 swor~ls, C:~IIILL
~ I I ~ tl~cT.IIOII:IS~CI'Y, I I tllibt thcy n~igllt :L~)~)YC~IC.II~ t110 ~)~nLitf;
wlmn when Llc saw, tl~cir il~tcrltion Lcing folt:

nnd the cl~nnwllol~, :r.s SO~IIns tlle c:& wn.s lnntle I

30 nrcrranu or;. ~)ovrzes. [SI~C.~.49-52.
wny bctwcen hapc iml few, 11e ntte~nptetl to go to tl~c rn~cl-
in;:. And belwltl ! llcnry Di.ret, a hiithful man of his, WIN
SCCII the :~bovc-~~lcntio~letl
II~L([ 1,arLv of the cnrl's frienrls
p"ssing on, puttin,? I ' I . C ~ ~ ~ C Ithe I L ~ spur ~ to his llo~x, co~~~cs to
lncet tl~c clr:mcellol., 311d tells II~IIIt11:~t tl11: enrl, before tl:~ylight.,
II:L,~ go~~c ; al11.1 who w:rs tl~crc,
in :mls lo ldic\ : ~IIC~OI?
OH tlmt thy, that did not, bake ewry tl~i~~g i-18 gospel, WII~CII
that IIVIIOII~:L~I~ iiim to]([ ~IICIII? but yet. IIC was nut guilty OF
falsehuotl, bec:ruse he thought thnt wht he h:d sail1 was truc.
r I
J he C,II:LIICUIII)~, tleccivecl, as a11 inen n1.e linhle to be, imn~edi:rtcl,y
causc~l :dl the force that w:~s wit11 him to : L m ; ancl
thinking t11;~t he was following clusc upou the earl, auue
before I~irr~ to the city. The citizc~~s Lcing aslid by hin~, for
thc cnrl w:ls not. yet come, tlmt thy wvr~lcl closc the ;mtcs
n.pinyt hi111 wl~cn 11e.sliould coluc, rcS~~,wl, calling hitn :L distnrber
uf tl~c land, and a trxitor. Fur tl~e arcl~bisllop of
York, co~~s~:i~)us of wl~nt would hnppcn, wl~ilst Ile mns tarrying
tlrcrc solw cl:~ya, lh. hc n~igl~t see tl~e'entL 01the matter, by
continunl co~~q)lainls and eoLre:rf,ics lmd escited t11w1 all
- ngniust him ; nnJ then, for, the first tinle, perceiving l~i~nsclf
betlxyc~l, he Lctook himsclr to the Tower, and the Lnndoncrs
set :L \-Y:I~uLI, hutli by Inn3 md watc~., tl~i~t he n~igl~t not
w::p 'l'l~ecad, 11:~viug knowledge of his flight, fullowir~g
!I~II: up with his forces, \vm receivcd by tho joyful citjzells
wit11 lnl~terns and lorcl~es, fur Ile canle to town by night ; sncl
thcrc w:u nothing wxr~ti~~q in the sr~lutations of' the Hattcril~g
people, save that harL;~rous Chi re lhsilc~~s ! which is, "IInil,
clear lord !"
Sect. 50. On tli2 nest clay, the enrl and all the ~iobles of
tl~e lnntl xssc~~tl~lerl in St. P~ul's cllurcll, and first of all was
heard the nrcllbisl~op of Yolk's con~plnint ; nftcr thnt, wl~osoever
I d t~ugl~t agninst him was ntl~nittcd. The nccusers of
tl~e absent I~acl nn attentive nncl diligeut hearing, and especinlly
Z-Iugh, bisl~up of Coventry, 30 prolix in words, who tl~e
day before 11:d been his IIIOS~f;~niiliar friend, who, ns the
~\~urst pt, is a f:miliar enculy, l~nviug I~:lranq~ed more bitterly
: I I ~perversely than all the rest, npirral his friend, did
not d(!sist until. it wns mid by all, We will not have this
inan to reign over us." So the whole assembly, without any
deli~y, electetl lhrl Jolm, the king's brother, chief justiciary
of the wtlole liingclom, and ordaining that nll the WS~~OS

1 1 !)I.] TIIE ClIANCELLOR RESOLVES TO SI:RRENDER- 3 2
shoultl he: delivcrccl to the cnstoily of such as he should clloose,
they ldt only tl~rcc of the W:II;CS~, a111l lying :~t :L gwt distnuc:c
fro111 ench othor, to tilt. now ~llcreJy 1101nino1clwmllor.
Tl~c cl~ief justicc aftw tllc earl, the justiccs iti~iernl~t, the
Iwons of the Escl~ecjnc~, the constables of cnstles, all new, are
n.ppointer1 nfresh. Amonpt otl~ers tllcn pincrs, both tl~e
bisllol~ of \\Tinchester received the custo~lies wldl the ellanccllvr
Imd hken fron~II~III, wii1101lt diminution, and the lord
bishop of Durliali~ reccivecl the county of No~.tl~u~nI~erl:~~lc(.
Sect. 51. That unlucky Jay was declining towards ewning,
wllcn four bisliops, nncl ns nlnny e:l.rls, scut on tl~e pnrt of th(:
XRRPIIIIJIYto tiic cl~ancellor, explni~~ecl to l~i~n, to tl~c ictter, tho
ncts of the wl~ole d:~y. I-Ie vvm horror-strucl; at such LI~CX-
pecteil ~xesuri~ption and nrl,ogance, n~l~l, 11is vigour of ~nitrll
iiili~lg, Ile fell to the e:irtl~ so csl~anstecl, t1rn.t Ilc fo:l.n~etl nt
the n~outl~. Cold wntc~- beiug sp~~i~lklecl on l~is f m , he N-
~iuetl, nntl. I~nving riscn on Ilia f'cet, lle ndtlresscJ tlle Illesscngws
wit11 o tztern coiunte~~ance, saying, " There is one hell)
for the v:mrluislleil, to hop for no I~slp.:; You 11:~ve conluerd
and you have Lo~11id incauti~u~ly. If tl~c Lortl Cio(1 sII:L!I
-g~l~t nio to see 111ylord the king with my two cyes, be sure
this day hns shone inauspiciously for you. As n~ocl~ as in you
1:1.y, you lime now dcliverecl to tlic earl, wl~atcvcr was the
king's in the kingdonl. S:ly to him, I'rintn still lives. You,
who forgetful of your still surviving king, have elected to
yourselves another to be lord, tell to tLat your lord, tlint all
will turn out otlierwise tlml he supposes. I will not give up
the cnstles, I will not rcsigc t11c sad." Tlie messengers,
having retr~rned from him, relate11 to the cxrl what, tl~ey I I : ~
received, who ordercil the Tower to be more closcly besieged.
Scct. 52. The choncel.lor was slccplcss the part of
tllc night (because 110 who docs not sct hi3 niinll 011 honest
st~dics nncl pursuits will toss n.l)out mnkefnl t11ro11~l1 hate or
love) ; ~ ud:~tthe snnle tirnc: his pco[.)le tlisturletl bin1 more
tl~an his conscience, fdling l.)r~~fitr:~t~ at his fcet, 3,11d entreat,ing
witli tears t11i~t ha woulcl yiclcl to ncccssity, and riot
strntch forth his nrtnfi apxinst the torrent. Ile, though ilnrclcr
than iron, is snftenctl hy the piteous counsel of those who
were weeping rouncl Iiin~; pin 2nd agniu ln,~in~fainted with
* Una salus victis nullilm sperare sa1utem.-VI~G~,.

32 RICnhRD OF DEVIZBR. [SECT. 52-:54.
gvicf, at Inst, 11e wit11 1n11clt ado nsscntc.d t11n.t t,l~n.t sl~oultl bo
done, which, hcil~g ontiroly delititute of :d,11ewas co~npelletl
to do. One of llis brotl~urs, and tlircc, ~ ~ iRlloLlc, o t of11is ;~d-
I~ercnts, being pern~itted, uot corl~inissioned, i~~~nuu~~cecl to tho
cnrl at L~I:I.L iillli: of light, LIlilt t h ~ ~I~nnccIIo~, wit11 WII:L~
rc:idiness iil docs not matter, was 1q)ared to clo :LII,I seff'ey
m,l~:~teser l~:d been tleter~nil~ecl. He should avoid clcl:ts, Ijccalm
it 11:~s :~Iwysbeen il!jiu.ious kr tllose who :we l)rcpsrcJ
to dekr. ILsl~oulcl be done the nest thy, lcst the wind should
so veer, that it 111ig11t be rlcfcr~wl for a yew. These return to
tho 'J'ower, a d behe day, the enrl rniiclc known to 11;s nd­
11ercnts that these things harl p:lssecl.
Scot. 53. ;\Ien~~wLile, tho rising dawn left the occnn, and
the sun I~i~viug now iippenrecl, the cnrl, wit11 his wllole troop,
~vitl~klrcwto thc open tield, which is witliol~t London townlde
tla? east ; the cl~u~~callor went tl~itller dso, bnt less c:trly t11m
I~is ailvcrsmies. The nobles took the centre, al.ound ~IIUIII
was nest a ci~dc01' citizens, and beyond an attentive populace,
exti~~~atotl :bt tcu thvusaud iilcn. 'I'lrc bishop of Coventry fiwt
at.t:icl

n
1191.1 THE crra~cm~on's rnoccmrms.
.,
.,i)'J
I fccl IIIYRCI f zuilty of not,l~ing th.t I sl~ould fear tl~c n~ontll of
any of you. 1 solc~~~nly tleclnre t1~1.t t.l~e arcl~bishop of
ww t.nl

nrrivcd in Flmders. His pnsmgc over being known, whntover
rcvenue 11c had possessed in E~iglanrl ww conhxicd.
A most tlrcaclful co~ltelltiou is carried ou bet,weeu tl~c rni$~ty.
The cl~ancellor snupcnds his diocese which h:ul been bkeu
Eron~ I~irn, an11 he dwouncrs his nnatllerna upon : L I ~ tllosc ~ vl~o
t~~r:j~~nssc~l xpinst him. Nor mas the :~rel~I)isI~o~) of L ~ O L I C ~
i11orf: ~ CI~I~SS iu the snme way, ti~rin revcugc for 11is [)resi~~nptuous
c\;co~n~mmicatioi uf tl~c Esc:lleclucr Ixtrow, Ilc wmninncletl
it to be amouncctl tluo~q$~uut Nornlnnlly hat Willia111'
cle Longcl~ornp sllo~~lcl lx llcld :is esco~l~i~ri~nicntcd. He
TV:~, Itomever, unwilling to scern to fexr Lhc in:dccliction
uttcrecl ngainst the invndcrs of the :~forcsni(l bis!~ol)ric, nor
dill Ilc believe that the sentence of n fugitive pldtte caul([
find its way before his mqjesty's throne. So the face of the
cl~urch of' Ely wizs disfigured, they ceased throughout the
diocese froul every work of the Lord, the Inlies of the dc:tJ
Iny unburied by all the ways. Xu Nolmmdy, the likc being
returned, none uutler the archbisl~op's ~luthority conununicatcLl
wit11 the chancellor ; ou his entry every cllnrch was saspended,
and on his depnrturc a11 the belb were rung, and tho
altars wherc he oflicintccl cnit down.
Scct. 55. Tvo lcgntes despntcl~ecl into Fiance l)y the pope,
nt Ll~e instigation, tliougl~ secret, as is reported, of the Iii~lg of
the French, came to Gisorz to visit Normancly, which thy
unclerstoorl w,w a chief part of the Iringdom of' tl~c lhi~cl~ ;
hut both the constable of the castle and the sonescl~xl of
Nornlnndy would not admit them, excusing thcniselves with
this shndow of :I rcson, that thc visit:rtiou of any province
s11oulJ not be n~acle unless with the npprolmtion or in
the presence of the lord of the land ; all the kings of tl~o
English, anJ pnrtic~ilarly Richard, bcing csl~ccially indulged
with tl~is privilege by bhe Holy See. Lro :dlegntion, whether
red or probable, availed wit11 the legatcs; tl~eir :~lmost clivine
power rose 'md swelled with mge, though against tliose who
l~eeded tl~ern not : tbe contemned authority of Roman n~ajcsty
is euercisccl; they lay asicle hi$-flown sentences aud loug
words. They threnten their advers~ries vith much bittcrness;
hut, however, as thy 11x1 not to pleat1 with boys,
the c d e gates bcing shut against tl~e~u, they stood witlwut
tlle doors. But their solace w:rs not wnutiug, thong-h they
were repulsed. Thcy reucl~cd with tllcir power, wliere they

119l.I LMONASTIC AFFAIRS. 85
could not appronclr in person. They escommunic~kd by
nxr~~e Ba conshblc of C:isorz .zntJ tho senesc1t:~l of hrc~r~l~:~,~~(l,y?
tl~erc plcrc~~t, x11d suslyxxlecl the wholc of Nurnl:~rll.ly froin
evcry dn~inistration of tl~c ritcs of the church. It mas
necc:s.:Lrp to yicld to their power; tlrc cl~nrch~ 1 silent 3
Zn~n~cdi:~tcl~, and so re~nnil~ecl tile spncc of thrce wcol;s, ilnlil.,
the pop being supplimted, Goth the sentencc 3@1..il time
named wns re~nit,tcO.,G II~the s~~ynsion given out :t.gaiil~t
Narmnndy. Tile boob of Liberty was rcstored to Nor~ilan~I~~
and the ~.oicc of glwhess, and tlrc Icgate.2 were prohibited to
Bet foot tilerein.
Sect. 56. The TVe~trninsh: nronl;s, who bcforc : i ~ wh.ys
hnd so pently escellcd in m:1pn11ilnity, thst they woultl :lot
stain thir deeds for death itself, as soon M tl~ey,fi:lw a new
em, cbnugcd also witli the timi', putting LL'II~IICLtllcir II;LCI;C
whatever they hsd covcnantcd with fhc cha.~icellor for 11i:i
brotl~er; with t11.e conni~m~ce of the earl, thy +>lccte~I tl~c
prior of their house to be abbat, who dso rcccivccl in1111edinlely
the benediction and st.& fron~ the bisl~op of L~II~OII.
The chancellor's brotl~er, who by ,agreement sl~oultl, have
been elected abbrrt, seeing the convent brcalc &heir cnpgemen4
troubled thereat, departed wit11 his 11:df-rnotlest,y, c;wrying
off n4th him, I~owevcr, the bond of security, Ilaving
made an appeal prior to the second election bcfola legitiluntc
witnesses, that nothing should be done agnint his ~til?ulnteJ
prolnotion.
The monks of Mucheluoy, aflcr the esnn~plc of tl~oscof
Mestminster, thou,gh not a1togetl:ler in 31sinlilnr wa,y, osl)cllcd
their principnl, I do not know whether abht or aLI1st clcct,
whom they had hen forced to accept,, casting forth the st1.s~
of his bed after him, and thrust him with nlucl~ insult out of
their isla11c1 to the four winch of henven.
Scct. 57. Tlle archlGsl~op of ROII~II being constitukd by
Bem1'1 justicimy of the Itingdorn, and supremo ovcr nfE$irs,
]laving convolid, at Csnterhry, the clergy n.nd peoplc, es the
iring llinrself hnd enjoined him, directed tl~cm to procecd to tl~e .
election of nn arcl~bishop. Tlm bishops of Londun and W~IIchester,
Iiowever, were not present, being dctained at Lolrclo~l
by the king's business, and the question bciug Lronclled
among the bivhop~ who II:~nsse~libled, wllicll of tLcm sllould
be esteemed the greater, wllose the election o11g11tto 11%
D 2

o8 the two nforemid of cllicf tliguity were absent, tlle prior
of C:~nterb~~ry solving t l point ~ of clifticulty, n~nclc, dl equ:~.l
in cl~oosing n pootifl; nilll pocccding forth in l)uClic, wit11
his n~onks, in tho fwe of the wl~olc cl~~~rch, elected, ns
archl)isl~op, Rei,.i~~:~,bl, bishop of 13a3tl~, from tl~c ~~~iclst of 1110
clergy.
Scot. 5s. Rc+nnltl, elect of C:mtehury, who would have
procecclc~l to 1lu111c for bis pall, bwl tLc fxtes pcrmittecl,
t~;win,q col~lpletd the solemnities wlricl~ i1.r~ usu:l.IIy celeb~xhl
fur the clect at Cnnterb~~ry, GLIII~to set thin~sin
orclcr in the dioccsc of Bath, ntllicl~ he grently loved, and
Ly wl~ich Ile WAS more bcluvetl. It is reported also, tl-iat
hc 11nd obtnined, ns he desired, tl~c :~sscnt of tbc prior and
con vent for elccting mi1 s~~l)stit~~tin~ in his place, S:LV:I.Y~CUS,
arcl~tlencon of Nortl~ampton, and I d received the security.
Eeturning horn the~rcc,110 fcll sick by tl~a way, and WEN laid
up very ill at his lnnnor of I)okc~neresfelcl; md seeing
nothing more lilcely to 11:~ppen to 11i1n than death, he took
the 11:bCit OF a mouk at the I~ands of his prior Walter, theu
tarrying with Iiirn, and ~ccciving it, spoke tl~ese words,
- " God willed not tlnf I sl~oulclbe i~rcl~bishop, and I will not;
God willed tllat I should be 3, monli, and I will !" Moreover,
being in the Inst extreniitics, 11e touli the king's letters to tho
justicca, for concedi~~gto S:~varicus wl~atevcr diocese he
sl~ouhlbe elected to, and pve tl~e~n to LLe prior of Bath,
that by the nutllority of this i~~strument ho might the sooller
be promoted. Thcn having :tcconiplisl~cd all thi~~gs wk~ich
re1nt.c to faitli 2nd penitence clcvoutly and wit11 a sane
mind, 11e fcll nslccp in the Lord 0x1 the seventh of the caleuds
of Jsnnwy.* His
EPITAPH.
Durn Reginn1.ldus erat Lena seque suosque regebat ;
Neo~oplus quxrat ; quiequid docuit faciebar;.
Snncti Switlluni nisi pratllm prmipuissot
Iiunc 111. commul~iInurs lam cito non rq~uisset.
Sed, qui pwnituit, minuit mols prism rr;rtum;
lpecit quad potuit, se dedidir;ad ~uonnchutum.
Whilst Reginnltl lived, 11e well governed both Lirnsclr nnd his men.
Let no one ask more; whatsoever 11e taught, he practised. If he had

m
not gmspcd at Saint Switbin's pastul.e, dcntll would not 11aw snntcl~rd
him so soon from the pul~lic. Eut, Ixxnusr he was penitent, LI prr~~~ntt~re
&nth diminished his supposed gtlilt ; he did wlmt he cu~ld, 111: dcdicatd
himself to the monastic life.
Walter, prior of' I3ntl1, ancl Ilis con~cut~, vitl~cr~~t tlrc
clergy, elected to tl~c~uscl\~s for tl~cir iliturc hisl~ol) %\wiells,
archtlencon of Nortlm~~pto~~, vllo wns nbrjcut, :111d :I$ yet
igornnt of the clecctwc of Ilk 1;:llow-pontifl'; :u~tl sl~ho~~;.li tho
clcrgy rcsistccl, t11c.y carrictl it out.
Sect. 39. Tlic flcet of R,icl~:~rC[, king of tl~o Engli.11, p ~ ~ t
out to sen; nmd l~roa:ecletI in this orclcr. 111 tho J'urt:h~u~lt
wc~lt tlir~~ Aips only, ill OIIC of' which was the ~UCCII of
Sicily :LII~the young C ~ I I ~ N C Lof ~:Lv:LI.~c! pr01):~bIy still :I vir-
grin ; in tl~c other two, a ccrtain I):LL.~ of t11c 1ii11g's tmls11re
ant[ nrnlc: ; in each of the tl~rcc,
111
tlm secontl li~iu tlwc werc, w1~:~t wit11 sl~il)s ard I)~tsncs nncl
men-of-w:u, tl~iriccn ; ill the tl~id, fo~~rtccn; in tl~c fourtl~,
III:LI~IICS:111(1 IJYO~~S~~IIS.
twenty ; in tl~c til'tli, thirty ; in lhe sixth, forty ; ill the
seventh, sixty ; in the last, the Iihg I~irnsclf, followo~l wit11
,
his galleys. T11ci.e W:LS betwocn the sl~ips, nntl betwccu tlieir
- liucs, 3. certain spnce left by the s:dow :~t such intervnl, that
S~OIIIone lino to another tl~c sotuntl of tl~c trun~pct, I'ro~u one
ship to nnutl~er, the 11run;~n voice, conld bc l~cnrcl. 'L'l~is nlso
was nd~~iir:~llc, tllnt thc king wns nu lcss cl~ccrl'ul ;~nd Ilc:~.l thy,
strong ancl niiS,llty, ligl~t snd sly, at sc:h tll:ln 11c \Y:IY woi~t
to be by Iantl. I coucl~de, tllcrcfure, tl~:~t tl~crc wns not 0110
mnn more powerful thn IIC ill the worIJ, ciL11ur by Inncl
or sea.
Sect. GO. Kow, ns tl~e fillips were proceeding in tl~c aforcsaid
manner nntl orb, so~~~c Ixing Lcforc c~tl~crs, two uIP tl~c
tlirce first, Jrivc11 by tllc violence of the wi~lrls, were Lrokc~l
on the rocks ncar the port of Cyprus ; tho tllir(1, wl~icl~ was
English, more speedy tli:~~~ they, 11,zving turned back iuto the
dee~~, escn1)ed tho peril. hlinost n.11 the nlcn of both ships
got oway dive to hcl, lnauy of whou~ the l~ostilc Cypriotes
slew, solrlc they took cn.ptive, some, taking refuge in n ccrtain
church, were besieged. Wlintever also in the ships was
cat up by the sen, fell :I prey to tl~c Cypriotes. The prince
also of that island corning up, received fur llis sharc the goltl
and thc arms; and he causeil the shore to be guartlcd by all
the armed force he conlcl su~liuo~l together, that he ~nigllt not

pcmit tho f?cet which followed to np-preach, lest tl~cLirq
sl~oulcl hl;c ngain whnt had becn tl~us stolen froin l~ir~r.
Al~ove tllc port, wn8 a strong city, an11 upon n, natc~lnl rock,
a hi,yli imcl fortilied cnstlc. Tl~e wholc of' tl~:~,t l~atiourv;u
wnldil

1191.1 RICITARD nrann~wnlsn~~canr.\. 3 3
Fcct. GI. T11:lt niKIlt the kine; renininc~l pcncaddy in the
cnst.lc ; md his newly-sworl~ v3ssnl flying, rctirctl to nnotl~cr
c:~stle,nnd causcd the wllolc of tho nlen of tj~i~t land, whrr
were able to bear 51'111S, to be snrnn~one~l to rcpr to Ilin1: and
so they did. The king of Jer~dcn~, howcvcr, tlmt smne
i~igllt, lnncled in Cyprus, tllnt IIC might ?mist tllc l~il~g and
salutc him, whose arrival he llnd desired above tl~it of any
othcr in the whole world. On the morrow, the lord of Cyprus
was sougilt for and fo~.~nc.l to have fled. The king, stein;
tJlat lie ~1:~s nbnsetl, and having been inforn~ed where he T\~:~s,
directed thr: I;illg of ,Jerns:~le~~l to follow the traitcr by lnud
with the ldf of tl~o army, while he condoctecl the. otlm part
byw&tcl; intencling to he in tl~c wxy, tht IIC might not
csc:lpe by sea. The divisiol~s ~c3ssc111lhd n,roond the city in
which IIC 11:~d tnken rcfuyc, and he, 11nvi11g snllietl o11t ngniust
t]le Icing, fOqllt will, tile Euglisll, and the httlc wns c;crrietl
on shnrply by both sides. The lhglisl~ w0111d that cli~y IIRV~
been bcaten, I~nd they not fo~~gllt under tl~e command oC Icing
nicllard. Tlley at lungtll obti~ined o ~c:I.I'-~oII&~ victory, the
Cypriote flies, nucl tllc castlc is tdieu. T~IC Ilim
as before, tile one by land, the othcr by wntcr, an3 he is besicgecl
in the tl~irtl castle. It,swalls wc cast tlown by engines
l~nrlir~g]luge stoncu ; he, bcing overconlc, promises to surrender,
if ouly hc n~igl~t not be put in i1,on fetters. The king
consents to tllc prayers of the supplictnt, and cnuscd silver
il~:bclrles to be ~n:~llo for him. The prince of tl~s pimhs beiq
t11w tnkc~~, tl~e kiug traversed thc wllole island, and took all
its ctrstlcs, mcl placed his const~allcs in each, and constituted
justicisrieh ant1 sllcrifs ; and the whole land was ml?jectetl to
him in evcry thing jwt like EnglnnJ. Tl~cgoltl, nucl thc sill;.
and thc jewels from tlic tre3~111.c~ tlmt were broken open, he
whined for I~inwelf; tllc silw and ~ict11als 110 gave to the
~ ~ I I ~ S ~ U ~ S I I ~ :
army. To t h king of Jcrasdurn &O 110 nincle a Imndsome
present out of his booty.
Aud bccnuse Leilt l~nd already pnasecl, and the lawful time
of coutract was comc, 11e cnusctl Bcrcug;~ria, c1n.ughter of the
king of f~avarrc, whom Itis mothcr lrd brought to him in
Lcnt, to be nffinuccc.1 to him in the island.
Scct. 63. After these tlli~~p, having ts1;cn ngnin .to tllc
ship, wliilst sailing .pi-ospclously tonwds Acre, he falls in
with a mcrcllant shp of iinmensc tlin~cnsions, dcsti~lell by

Sllmlir~ to t11c bcsinyxl, ]:den with provisiull a11d h11 OC
w111ctL snldicrs. h wo~r,lorfi~l ship, n ship tltnn which, witl~
.the csccption of Nunll'snrli, we do not rcnll of nny I)ein,rr
,;renter. Tl~e inhepic1 king here wjoiccs, bccnuse evcrywlme
IIC 1ncct.s with n fit ol.!jact fur vnloi~r; IIC, liht of hie w;~rriors,
I~nvi~~g s~mmoned to I~is, the g:~Ilcys 01 I~is f~l~o~r.i~,
CCLIII-
lnollccs tl~c n:wd :nctioii nritl~ tl~e Turlis. The sllip was fortilicll
with towers a ~ d Lulwnrl~~, nud the despc.r:~tcfan#
hirionsly, Lccause " the only I~opc for the conqnercd is lo 11:xvc
r:otlii~~;. to Ilopc for." Tl~c ,zssnult was clrcaclful am1 tl~c [LCfcncc
slout ; but what is Ll~crcso Lnrd, tl~nt 1l1c sc~~rdy lnnn
who si.outly pcrsevcrca slrall not subdno? Tl;c. F~llowcrs ol
iUnholuet" are vanquished : tlld ship, thc q~~ccu of slips, ia
shnttcrcrl and sunl:, :IS lend in tlie mighty wntcrs, nud tlic
wllolc property pesid~ccl with its possc, ~YOW .
Thc Itiw:, proceo&ng Ilicnce, cnlne to tbc siege of ihc, nnJ
\%-:-as NCICOII~CLIby tlw Imicgcrs with as grcnt juy :LS if it l~ad
hen Christ that hnd conle xpin on r;~rtbto rcstcll.c the
kinfidom of Isrncl. The king of the Frenci~ 11:udn.rrivctl : ~t
Acrc first, nnJ was wry I~igl~ly estecrnecl by the nntire..,; but
on Eicllmcl's asrivnl Le becnnm olscrlred :ulJ nitlwi~t couaidemtion,
just ns tl~e moon is wont to ~~cliuq~lisl~
IICY lustrl: a,t
the risiug of tlic sun.
Sect. 63. I-Tcnry, count of Clinnipague, vl~osc w lmlo storc
tlxxt he had brought bat11 of provision nnd nmcy was now
wasted, COIIICS to biu king. Ilc nd~s rolicf, to ~ I I U I I I liia king
and lord crn~wl to bc olkrcd a hu~~dreil ~II(:US:LIU~ of Pi~i'is
nloncay, if, in ~lntc:tsc, lie woa1J bc rcndy to l)l~:c(,;e to I~ini
Cl~ilnl~q~c. To Lhat tl~c count ~q~lieJ, " I I~nvci1u11~whnf-
I coultl nncl whnt I o~iglit; now I sl~nll do wl~;rt I nm compelled
l)y necessity. T ~lesiredto fight for my kill,?., but lii:
would not nccopt of me, unlcss for my omu ; I will go to 11hu
who will mxpt me : who is rnore rc:~dy to givc thnu to
reccive." Tllc king of the English, Ilicl~nrd, gnvt to Ilcnry,
count of Cl~:~.iupngne, when he came to l~im, four tl~oasnnd
busl~cls of wl~cnt,fo~vthons:t~~tl Lncow, 2nd hr~r t,llousnnd
pountls of silver. So the whole army of strn.11gers out of
ovcry nation uudcr l~cn\wi bring the Cllrifitim 11nt11e; w110
had ~lrcndy assembled to tllc sicgo long before the couhg of

1lnl.l JXCIIARD'SEXPLOITS. 4 1
tl~o kings, nt the rcport of so grcnt 3 Islgcss, 1;ook 1Ci11g
Xic11:~rrlto bo tl~oir gcnern.1 ant1 lorJ ; the lhnks ouly wl~o
Ils,l follomcd their lord ron~aincd wit11 thcir poor lii~g of tho
French.
Scct. 64. Tllc king of the Englisl~, un~~scd to dclzjr, on tho
third thy of 11;s arrival nt the siege, cnuscrl hi.3 n~oo~lc~~
fortress, which he h:d cajled " N3te G'rifun," whcn it W:LS
.made in Sicily, to bo built :~ndsct np, and bcfora the dawn
of the foartli day the ~.llacl~inc st0011 crect by tl~cw:~lfs of'
Awe, 31111 from its 11eight 1t1ol;cd dow~ upon tl~c city lying
bencntll it ; ancl tlierc \vCSC tllcl'W~ I)y.~llllI'isc arcl~c!~,~ ox;?tillg
missilcs without inlorn~issicju on tl~cTurk., nnJ TLlrxinns.
Engines also for cnsting stoues, pl~cd in couvcnient posiliu~~,?,
battered the wnlls with froq~~cnt vollcys. iVforc in~port.:~nt
t1l.z~ these, sy~pers rnn'king tl~e~mselves a wny beuc:~tl~tho
ground, un~l(:rn~ineJtho foululatio~~s of tl~c wnlls ; tvllilcj.
solclic~s btxrring shiclcls, 11n.viy plantcrl I:~J~lcrs, souglit nu
entrsncc ovcr he m~nprtu. Tl~c king hi~nsclf was I'LII~II~II~
"11 and down through the mnkq dirct:tiug s~xiic, ~cproving
some, ant1 ~rging utllers, and tl~r~ was he cvcry\vl~oro
pscut with crcry one of tl~cm, so tht wl~stcvcr tlloy dl
did, ought properly to be nscribed to him. Tllc king of the
FreucI~ also I~in~sclf dill uot lightly nsmd tl~cm, 111:~l:ing :ls
bold :r,n assnnlt as he could CII tho towcr of tl~c city which is
cnllecl Cursed.
Sect. G5. The renowned C)al.rxcois and 3~'lcstocns, after
Snlntlin tho most powerful prir~ccs of tlie 11c:~lhcn, 11:d at tllnt
-.
tirnc the chnqc oF the Lcsiegecl city, wl~o, after :L conLest of
many days, 11romiset.l by thc~r interpreters the surrenclcr or
tl~c city, and a mnsom for tliei; Ilcads ; but thc liiug of t'11o
English desired to subduo their obstinncy by force ; and
wislled tht the vnnq~~isl~ecl sboulcl pay tlrcir llends for the
ransom of their bodies, but, by the medi:~tion of the Iring of the
French, their lifc nmL i~~himity of 1inlLs only w3.3 nccor~led
them, if, after snrronil~;~of the city and yielding of every
thing they possos~rr~l, l.11,: iIoly Cross should be given up.
@ Sect. 66. All tllc ho:~r:lren wnrriors in Acre wcre clloscn
men, :wJ wcrc: in nunilm nine thousand. Milny of whom,
swLdowing IU:LILY y)11I ~:O~IIS, mnde a purse of their stom:rclls,
beczuse they forcwv h t wliatc~cr they llnd of my vnluo
would be turned tlgaiust thcm, even against tl~emdvcs; if

they sl~onltl :gniu oppose the cross, and would o~llyKrill a
prcy to the victors. So :dl of them come out before the
kinp entirely ali~~r~ncd, and outside the city, withont nloncy,
are given into cr~stody; ancl tlm kings, wit11 triul~lpIl:~I
b:~nners, 11aving clll:erc:(l the city, divided tho wholc with all.
its stores illto two parts bctween tl~enlsclvcs 2nd tl~eirsoltliers;
the pontift"~ sc:~t alonc its bixllop rcceive~l 1)y their nnitoll
gift. Tho csplivey moreover, being divided, Jiostociis fcll by
lot to tho portion of the king of the Eoglish, autl Chrracois,
zs a drop of cold wztcr, fidl into tho burning n~outh. or the
.tl~hty Pl~ilip, king of the French.
Sect. 07. Tlle clulte of Austria, who was dso one of tl~e
nncicnt bcsicgers of Acre, followed the king of tllc Ei~glisl~ as
:I particip:~tor in thc possession of his portion, and bccnwe, :IS
Ilia sf,n111la1~1 wns Iwnc Lorore I~im, he was tllought to talx to
lh~sclfa part of the trim11p11 ; if not by co~nn~nncl, at 1c:lst
wit11 the collsr:ut, of the ol.Yende!l king, the cluke'3 S ~ILIIII:L~~
wns cast clown in the dirt, ancl to his reproach and ritliculc
tm~npled ~.lntlel- foot by them. The tlulre, altl1011~11 grirvously
enraged ngainst tho Irincz, di~sembled his otl'encc, wllicl~ he
could not vi~ldicate; ancl having returned to tl~c p1nr:c wl~cre
he 11ad c;;~rried on the siege, betook himself that night to 1~i.r
tent, wl~icll was set np a,pin, and afterwsrcls, as soon ns he
could, returned to his own corrntry full of mncour.
%.ct.'6'8. fihsengcrs on the pnrt of the captives having
becn sent to Snla~lin for their ransom, wl~en thc henthen
coul1.1By no entreat.y be movc~l to restore thc Holy Cross, the
1ii11g of tile Rn,qlish LeLeaclccl al! his, with the exception ol
Ptiestocus only, who on acconnt of his nobility was spared,
and dcclared openly witl~out any cercnmy thzt he wo11ld act
in the same way to.ivnrc1s Salatlin himself.
Sect. 69. A ccrtnil~marquess of Montferrat, a smooth-faced
man, Ixzcl belt1 Tyre, which he Ld seized on nmny yca~~s xgo,
to wlmn tlte Iring of tho Prcuch sold all his capt.ives alive,
ant1 p~w~nised the crown of the region wllicl~ mas not yct conqucrd;
but the king of the English withstood hin~ to the
we. "It is not proper," mid he, "for n mnn of your reputation
to bestow or proniisc what is not yel; obtained ; bul;
fultl~cr, if the cause of your journey be Christ, when ot Icngth
you have f&cn Jerudcln, the chief of the cities of this
rcgio~~, from the haul of the enemy, you will witlront tlclay

P
119l.l HEETING AT LOBDON.
43
or coudition rcstore the 1;inylom to Guy, the Icgitinlmtc Icing
of Jerusden~. lror the rest, if you recollect, you did not
ohtain Acre mitl~out a lx~rtici~~a,tor,that so ncitl~cr sl~onlcl
tll:%t d ~ich is the property of two be dealt out by olle I~ancl."
011! 011! 11om fine for a godly throat ! The III:LI.(II~CS~
berefl of his blissfcil hope, ret,urns to Tyre, and the king of the
Prendl, who l~nd grcntly desired to strengtl~cn I~i~nsclf :lgaillst
his envied ally by Invans of thc II~~L~~UCSS, now fcll off Jdy;
and tl~is nddecl to ll~e continu:rl irrit:i.tion of his mid,-that
even tl~c scullion of tl~c king of the Euglish fwcd more saulptuously
tl~an the cupbealw of thc French. Aftcr sol:;e tiroe,
lethrs were forged in thc tcnt of the Icia~ of the Prcnch, by
which, as if they had been scnt by his noLlcs out of France,
the ];inji recdled to I?rnr~cc. 8.cause is inucl~lc~l wliicl;
necessm.ily be respcctccl wore thu it tlcwl-vcrl ; his
only son, sfter a long illncss, mas now c~A~KL~~.cII of by tllo
pl~ysicinns; F~mcecsposetl to be clesolntcd, if; after Lllc sou'a
denth, the father (ns it might f:~11 out) d~olllclperiul~ ill n
foreign Inncl. So, frcqncnt council beiq held 11ctwcu11 tl~e
. liiugs Irererlpon, ns they were both great mil could not dwcll
together, Abrsl~am ~.cnl:~ini~~,q, Lol clepnrtcll from him.
Moreover, the Iiinp of the It'rc~lc.l~, by 11is ebiel' nobics, gavo
security by oath for 11i1idf aud his vn,ds, to tl~cItin;. of
the E~~glish, that he woulcl ol~-?rvc evcry plcdgc until 1112
shonld return to his ISngclom iu pence.
Sect. 70. On that day tlw commonalty of the Londoners
was grnnted an11 inatitutcd, to wl~icll all tlm nolJcs ol' tho
kingclo~~~, nud even the vary Liubol,s of that. lirovi~rcc, nrc
compelled to swear. Now for the first tiluc Lo111.1o11, lby tho
qreenlcnt co~~ccdctl to it, fonntl by espcricncc tll:~t there mras
no kirg in tl~c Iiingclon~, as ncitl~cr King Ilic11a.rd IlimselF, nor
his preJcccrsor and father Henry, would lmve snKcred it to
be conc~udcd for one tho~~sandthonsnnil 1nnr1;s of silver.
How great evils forsootl~ mzy come forth of tl~is agreelncnt,
may be estimated by the vcry dcfi~~itiou, rnl~icll is this. Tlle
con~monnlty is thc pride of the colnmon pcolh, the clrcntl of
. the kinpdon~, the ferment of tllc priesthood.
Sect. 71. The king of the Frencl~, wit11 but few followers,
returning lio~ue from Acre, left at that pl:~cc tl~c strcn,gth of
his army to do nothing, to the colnnlnnd of w11icl.1 111. :qy,ointcd
the bishop of Beanvnis and tile ddie of Dulguntly. The

IN TIIE PEAR OF TITE LORD NCSCII.
Pcc!. 75. Philip, Icing of tl~c French, I~avi~~g lcft his compnnion,
I:icl~nrd, king of tl~c Elrgli::lr, in tllc territory 01
Jcr~~s;~lc~u aino~~gst tho enemies of tile cross of Ch&, returned
to I?r:~nco, mitl~ont ol~tni~~iny citl~cr the liberation of the
Holy C~OSS 01. of the Holy Scr)ill~l~rc. Guclhey, bislrop of
'Wincli~~tcr, rcstorecl to his church n great part of tilo trcasurc,
wl~icl~, :LS reI;~tcd al~ove, IIC lincl nppointccl, on tlu: third of the
calcncls of FcLrnary. The feast of' the Purification ol the
ISlussctl 3hry w:Ls cclelrc~ted on the wry Sundny of Septungcsirnn"
at Wi~~cl~ester. But the Suutlny Ii:d nothing belougir~g
to Sm~lny but its memory at vesper2 a11J m:rtine, nncl
tl~c lnorrling m:Lss. OIIC f~ill 11ide of lml nt the mnnse which
is c:dled Morslodc, of tlic vill:zgc of Ciltccurnbn, wns let .to a
cert:~in citixon of JTinr.l~ester of the nn.nre of l'entei:uste, to
liold for t\~mt,y ycars for rho aun11d md h,cc service of twenty
shill ill,^^, witlwnt tlm l)~.i\,ity of thc convent.
Sect. '73. Queen Elcn~~or sniletl fro~n Norrnantly aucl lnudcd
,zt Portsnioutl~ on tl~o ll~ird of Il~c idcs of PcBrunry.t The
cl~anccllor rcpnirerl -to the king of tl~c FrencL~, nncl dt:poscd
beforc I~im his co~nplninl rcl:~ti\le to the 10a.j of his trea~sures
in Fli~utl(w, but lic got uotl~i~lg nio1.e tlle1.c tlls~l what ~unlces
men ritlici~loos.
r 7
lhc king of the Frcnch caasccl all mnnner of arms to bo
hbricntcd both dny : L L ~ uiglit througt~out his 1~11olc realm,
;:Peb. 1. t Feb. 11.

1192.1 'QUEEN ELE.\NOR AXD TIlE INMCITAXTS OF ELI.
and fort,ific,l his cities ant1 castles, as nl:Ls tliou,gl~t,, by ~2.yof
T)rcl,wztioi~ for :L strngglo pilis list the kill,: US tl~c: 1~11glisl1, if
Ire should return from his jourl~ey. Wlricl~ l)cii~g ~IIOWII in
tile territories of the kiuS of tLc E~~,

the imlrlncnlle, t11011gh thcir vcs:~tion was n.pp:u.e~lt,any tlie
clie:~ffection of tl~cir ~ninh, co11t1~:7ictetI in their Solnier I~ntr~O,
could not be cl~n~lytl, witl~uut oncli giving sonic uttcrar~ce to
liis feelinss.
Sect. 7:;. Elrl JOIIII, scntliug irwsengers to Sontllon~~ton,
conlrnnntl~~lshipping to bc ~nnilc rc:~cly for liiln to depart, as
vrns t11o11$1t, to fhe king of tllc French ; but the qucen his
mother, fexing lest the light-minded youth, by tho counsels
of the P1u1cl1, might go to :ctteml,t xomctl~ing i~gninst liis lord
and Brotllcl., with anxious mind tdws in hi~ncl with her utn~ost
ability to clivert the iutention of her son. Th~rfnte of hcr
former sons, and the antimcly decense of both nnclw llleir oppressing
sins, reccnring to lier mind, moved, or rc~tl~cr pierceil,
tlie maternal bowcla of comp.wsion. She dcsirecl that tl~cir
lhlencc might be enough, antl tlint, at least, go03 faith being
kept amongst her younyr cliilclrcn, she, tl~eir n~otbcr,
might end her days more hppily tlian had fallen to tlie lot of
tlleir deceased father. So having asseinbled nll the pcers of
thc redru, first at Windsor, secondly at Oxford, tl~irdly at
London, and fourtl~ly at Winchester, she with her own tvws
antl tlie entreaties of the nobles with difficulty obtained that
he would not cross the sca for this time. The earl, therefore,
being in cffect frusti-ated of his proposed pnsqe, dicl wl~at he
could that way, an3 received the cmtles fro111 the liitlg's constables
of Windsor and Wnllingford, wlioin lie 11aJ secrctly
called to him ; and 11nving received tbcm, he delirered them
over to his lieges to ltecp for him.
Sect. 76. Ey command of the arcllbisl~op of Itouen, there
assembled at London, the pillars of the churcl~, the oracles of
the laws, to discuss cither soiuethiug or nothing, nu it often
falls out, in mntters of state. Tllcrc was but one mind among
all, to convene Ear1 Jolin for the pre- occupation of the castles ;
but, becnuse no one of tliem thrst commit himself to enother,
every oue dcsired in himself tlmt the question should be proposed
rather by a deputy tbnn by his own nioutli. So wldst
they all clsmour to tl~is eucl, ancl with this prpose, Eacus
doue is wimting, to wliom tllcy dl simultaueously agreed to
resort; but even whilst alnollg otllcr matters they only
cnsually discoursed of tlie lxte chancellor, behold ! again is
Crispinus at hand. The nicsscngcm of tl~c cltancello~; now
again legate, enter the assembly, saluting the queen, who was

I1OZ.l TnE INFLUENCE OF EARL JOHN. 46
C
prc,scl~t, and dl the rest, whom by chnce they fomd togetllcr,
on the part of lhcir lortl, wl~o had snfcly arrivcd the d:ly Loforc
at DOVC~. The l ~ C~~IISC t of t[~* ~nnndatcs pld~ibitecl
hinl from following up the ministrntion of his 1cga.tion. LOII~
werc tllcy all silent, and p d y nqtonisld, intcrltly 1icl)t
thir pcace. At length it enlllc to be tl~c vote of' all, tlmt tl~y sl~oultl 1111mbly entrcat him to bc their dictator and lord, vllom
they lntl membled to ,jucly n.5 3 perjurer and tmnsgrc.s:'Yor
apinat their lord. So many of tllc nollcs, of whom one w:w
Ecl~iou, n.rc sent, and that rep~!ntctlly, to Jhrl Jol111, thou
stnj,ing at Wnllingfu~d, and l:~l~fiI~ing at tl~eir con\-cntions.
Hu~~~ljly, 2nd without sustolity, tltcy log that lie w~uld hasten
to 111cct thc goat. - " Lord ! " s:~y they, '' he wem horns,
beware ! "
Sect. 77. The earl, not greatly mod, long su.ffwed hiniself
to be revereutly cntreatud; bnt at lengtlr, satiated with
the honour ofcred him, 11e cn111e to London with tlie last interccssors,
whom he ruost loved, sufficieutly t:~nght to answer
to evcry question tlut n~iglrt chance to be aslied. l'lie court
rises up and compli~nents him on his entry, no order either of
'ie or rank being observed; evelqybody that first am, first
runs to nlect him, and dwircs himself to be first seen, eager to
please the pllncc, because to Ilwe bcen acceptable to the p a t
is not the lost of pmises. Tlie lentlers were st a stand. Of
the castles, no mention is in&; the wholo cliscnssion :~nd
consult,ztion ~vns about the cl~ancellor. Slio~lld the earl nrlvise,
3111 are ready to proscribe him. They strive by dl mans to soften
the car1 to cpnsent, but thy h d il willl beast oil their right
hmd. The earl, on being :~slieJ. to auswel; l~riefly declares,
'' The clxmxdlor fears thc thrmts of none of you, nor of you
altogother, nor mill lie I~cg your lovc, if only lie may succeed to
have me alone his Riencl. Hc is to give me seven hundred
pounds of silver by the sevontl~ clay, if I slmll not have meddled
between you and him. You see I arn in want of money.
To the wise, a word is sufficient." He seicl, and withdrew,
leaving the conclusion of his proposition in tlie midst.. The
I
court, placed in a great stmit, strained its counsel : it appeared
exgetlient to every one to propitiate the man wit11 more
than mas promised; the gift or lonn of the mouey is approved,
but not of their own, mtl so in the end it all falls upon the
treasuryof the absent Iring. Five hundred pounds of silver

sterling out of tl~cEscl~cqllcr:wz lent to tllc czrl Ly the barnus,
and lettcrs to their liking :~;;xillst the cl~a~~cellor L~C receivc11.
Nor iu tl~ei,c 11cl:~y ; th~: qiwen writcs, tl~cclergy write, tllc
~mplc write, dl unnui~~ro~~sly nhrtisu the ol~nncellor to holt,
to cross thc :jca witllol~t (h:l:~,y, nnless his cnrs nre ticltlislj to
11c;tr r:nluoury, IIU~C~She wisl~os to take his ii~cala un&:r tI~e
ch;~,l.g;.cul :wr~cd sol~liers.
Sect. 73. Tl~cl~:~.ucollor stood x,:li:~st at the acverihy of tl~c
m~ncli~tcs, aud was as pale ;IS ono wllo trc:~clsn sn:~l

I
1192.1 CLIbRACT!?R OP LONDON- -1'j
frequent nilvice persuaded him tllat IIC slionld go t,o E11glnnlL
n iantl flowing with ndk tzntl honey ; ho pmist:cl tikc Eu,slisI~
:LS lib~r313rd l)onutiful, and tht there no one V,OII]I~ COII tillllc
poor who coultl be recommencletl for honesty. 'I'lte 110,~: n::I(l,y
to like wh:~,tevcr you may wisl~, as is nc~tural milh t.11~l?lcllt:11,
having t d i a ~ ccrtnin ~ compnnion of the same n;e ns hil~~sclf,
ant1 of tl~e snrne conntry, got ready to set forwnrtl OII 11i:i
forcign r:speditiou, 11a~~in;. notl~ing in his liai~cle but a st~tl:
notIlillg in his wdlct but n CO~J~I[C~'S n~l.
S&. SO. HQLaJc fucrvcll to his dwvish friend ; to m110li1
tl,c Jew replied, "GO fovt.l~ 3s a nlm. The Got1 of my
f3tllers le~l thee :ls I dcsire." Awl linving Inid his hznals
upmfihis I I C ~ , 3;s if he liad becn the scspegont, nftcr certni:i
muttering of tlrc t,hro.zt mld silcr~t imprcmtion,?, Ocing novi
secllre of 11is pmy, Ile con tin~~ctl,--" Cc of good con:n~t\ ;firrgc+
yo~rowl people mrcl ontive I:I.IIII, for evcry lantl is he ~IOIIIC
of tile brnvo, m tho sea is for thc fislr, nlicl ns thc nlu,le of Llrc
-c~idowo~jtl is for tile bird. Whtm yo11 linve entered .El~;;lnnd,
il yuc should comc to London., you will quickly pss tl1n111gl1
it, 33 tht city g1-cntly rli~ldcnses mc. Every lxce of nren,
-011t of evcly nntio~~ ml~icl~ is r~~~tlcr I~c:nven, resort thither in
.gent uu~nbers ; cvery n:~.t,ion llns introdnccil into t11:i.t city its
vices and lxul mnlrners. NO OIIC livcs in it without oiknce;
there is not 3 single st]-ect in it tlmt does not :d)t~undill
miscrnblc, obsccne wrotclies ; tllcre,in proportion :i.s my rn:m
has exccecled in wicliedr~eaysn mud^ is he the bettc;.. I nln
not iguornnt of the clispositjon I mn exl~ul-ting ; yoit Invc, ic
ndditio~rto your youth, ,zn :~rclent disposition, n slonwe.~~ of
nerrrory, tmd n, soberness of rewon between cslrcmcs. I feel
iu myself no unexiuess dent you, ~~rlless you sllonltl abide
with men of' corrul~t lives; for froin our assochtioi~s our
rnairners are fornied. But let that be as it may. You will
come to London. 13ehold ! I warn you, wllatcver of evil or
of per\.ersity tl~e~e is in my, mhstever in a11 parts of tllc
worl4 you will find in t11:i.t city donc. Go not to thc dances
of p:~ndws, nor mix yourself np with the herds of tlm stems;
avoid tlm tnlus a d the dice, the theatre and the tavern.
You will find more bc~ggndocios illere than in nl1 Pmnce, while
the numl~er of flatterers is infinite. Stnnge-players, buffoons,
those that l~ave no hair on tl~eir bodies, Garsrnmtes, pick-thanks,
cabmitea, efh~inato sotlolnitcu, lcmcl musical girls,
.-A

. shuold bc c:~llecl cities, but thc sees of their bishops. Oxfurd,
50 KICnARD OF DEYIZRS. [SECT. 81-83.
dr~l~gists, lustful J)C~S~IIY, forhue-tellers, extortioners, nigl~tly
strullcrs, n~n~icinus, ~nilnics, ccmlron bcgnrs, tatter~lcrnalio~ls,
--t,llis whole crew 11:~s filled every house. So if ,you (lo 11ot
'rni.511 to livc with the S~ILLIIIC~U~,
YOU will uot dwell in Lonclon.
I an1 not syenliing ;~g;~inst tl~e Icarl~cd, wl~alllcr ~nuuJ;s or
.Je\rrj; altl~ougl~, still, froln tl~cir very dwelling togetl~cr with
such evil persons, I sl~oul~l cstcc~ll tlleul less perfect tllcre t11a11
clscwllcre.
Scct. 81. "Nor does lny ndviw go so fw, nu tint yon
should bctnlie yourself to IIV city ; wit11 my couuscl you will
Lake up your residc~~ccnowllcre but in n town, tl~ongli il;
relnni~is to say iu what. Tl~ercfurc, if you sl~oudd land 11c:~r"
(3;~11tcrbnry,you will hve to lose your way, if even you
s11o11111 ~ U ~LSS L t11rou;li it. It is an assenllrlnge of the vilest,
entirely clcvutccl to tl~cir -I know not wllu~n, but wl~o ILLS
been lntcly cauonized, :wcl hall bcc11 tllc m.cl~bisl~op of C:~l~ter ­
bury, as cvcrywllcre tl~cy tlic ill ol)cn thy in the streets Sor
wut of bred and c~r~ploy~uent. Rocllcstcr m1;L Chichcster
arc merc villnges, ant1 they possess notl~ing for whiull they
scarcely, I will not say satisfies, but sustni~ls, its clerks.
Esctcr supports men and beasts with tbc snule gni~~. l3ntli
is I'lacecl, or ratbcr buried, in the lowest pnrts ol' tbe valleys,
ill n \ ery clunse at~uospl~sre and sulphury vnpour, as it were
:~tl~c gates of boll. Nor ,yct will you sclcct your I~al~itstio~:
in the northern citics, Womster, Cl~cstor, Hereford, on
account of the ~lcsl~erntc Welsllmci~. Tork nbonncls in Scots,
viL al~d fi~itl~l~$.j 111~11, or ra.tlicr Y:LSC~~S.The i,owl of Ely is
alul:~putrefied by the surroullcli~lg iu:lrslles. In Durhan~,
Kurwich, or Lincol~~, tllcrc nre very few of your disposition
anlong tbc powcrh~l; yon will [lever hear any oue speak
Freucll. At Bristol, there is uobotly who is not, or 11m not
beeu, n soapmalter, nud evcry Frcncl~rnan estecms soap~nnlrers
a3 he does nightmcn. After the citics, every market, village,
or town, has but rude n d rustic in11aIitmLs. Noreover, at
:~iltiuics, acco~lut tl~e Cornish people for such as you linom
oor Flelnisb are scctruntccl in Fr:~nce. Ii'o~ the rest, the Iiiugdo111
itself is generally most favourecl witli the clew of l~eaven
and the fatuess of tho e:lrtJ~ ; and in cvery 1~l:lcc there ale
sowc good, but much fewer iu them dl tlmn in Winchester
done.

Sect. 82. "This is iu tl~osc parts tho Jerusalem OF lhe ?Jew,
in it alono tlley ensjoy pc~petmd peace ; it is the scltool of
tllose ml~o desire to live well nncl proapcr. IIere tl~ey Gccon~e
men, here there is Grcnrl nnd wine enoagl~ for nothi~ii;.. Tltcrc
arc tlwein 1110111sof SLIC~Icoulpns~ion nnd gentlc~~ces, clei,gy
of such unclcrstanding nncl fianlmess, citixcus uf such civiliiy
and good f:~ith, lstlics of such beauty and ~l~odest~, tll:~t littlc
hiuclers but I sboulcl go there and Geconw a C11risti:~n with
EUC~ICl~ridians. TOthat city I direct you, the city of cities,
tile mot[,er of au, the bcst above :dl. Tlwe is but cmc f:xuit,
and tllnt alolle in which they customarily iutlolgc too ~nucll.
Wit11 tbe exception I sl~onld say of the lcslwxl aid of the
Je\q tl~e Wil~ullestcr pcople tcll lies lilic w.v:~tcln~~cu, but it is
in ulnl;ing up Iylol,ts, l"or ill no ~>I:LCI:11n~Icl' llc&~cll so n1:llly
f:& yllmuuys a1.c fxl,ricatetl so c:isily :LS tllelu ; otherwise t hy
arc knc: in cvcry thing. I sliould liave lrrnny tl~inga too still
to tell yo11 about busillcss ; but for fear you sl~oul~l not widerstallcl
or sllonlcl forget, you will plme this falnihr note in the
laando of the .Jew nly friend, and 1 tllinlc, too, you ma,y some
,time be rewnnlcd by I~irn." The sl~ort note w : ~ in Hebrew.
The Jew made nu enc! of his specch, niltl tlie boy having
unclerstoocl 311 thiugs for good, cam to 'hTi~~chcstcr.
,&ct. 83. IIis r~wl supplied hilll, slid I& cornl)miun 'zs well,
with hod, and the cruel courtcsy a d deceitfiil bcncficence of
the Jcrv was by the lettor u~~fortunntdy obtained Lo thcir t.elief.
Wllercver the poor fellows worked or cat i~part by clay,
tl~ey rcposccl cvcy uight in onc littli: Led in the s:t,me old
cottage of IL cert.ain old woman. Dnye fullow days, and
* montlls montl~s, nncl in thc b:Lnie way as wc 11av0 I~itl~wto SO
cwefally clewibed, our boys llnsten the tinlc of thir sepmlc
tion that they may meet :yaiu. The day of the Iloly Cross
Lad arrived, and the boy t11:~tsame day, wl~ilst working at
his Jew's, beiug by some nicnus put out of the way, ws llot
fortl~coming. Now tlie Passover, s feast of the Jews, was at
hand. His cotnpanion, during the evcning, greatly surprised
st his almence, riot returuiug home to bed, was terrified that
night with lunny visior~s 2nd clremls. When lie lied scugl~t
him several days in all corners of the city without snccess, I.le
came to the Jcw and simply wl

thc day l~rcforc, nnil noticccl tllc ii~ci~l~crcnce of his mortls
anJ ~II:LII~C ni' ~ot~iltcll:lllcC, ~JCIJU%CIIL~Y lirctl ul', nlld :IS Ile
wss o[ ;s shrill voicc :mrl ntl~~iir:~l~lc re:~.llin~~~ of spcccll, lie
bl.01;~ o11t into nbusc, nld with grcnt clnn~o~~r clrnllcllgeLl lliln
wit11 L : L ~ ; ~ I I ~ his c ~ J I I I ~ J : ~ 3w:ly. ~ I ~ ~ ) I ~'' Tho11 ,:ou of a SI)~&J h:Lrlot,"
b:~ill 110; " thou I.u[J~c~, ~IIOIIt~titor,~IIUIIeIcviI, thoU llz6t
cruciliwl my friend. Alas, IIIC ! ~vl~cldi~re 11:~vc1 not now
t.hc strengt,l~ uf a nlan ! I wo~ldthl, you to picccs with 1ll.y
h;u13s." Tl~cnoisc uf his q~~nr~dlin: in Lhe Ilow-e is 11e:~r,l ill
the sticct, Jcws and Cl~risti:~~~~ CUIIIO ~ L I I I U ~ togctllcr D ~ f1.0111
dl quw1"~s. Thc boy per>,ists, n111l uow, deriving C'OUI':IRO
frou~ tllc c~.owcL, sdtlrcssing thosc prcsc~~ t, Iic nllcjicil his CON­
CCI:~ fur his cou~):~nion := 511 ascrlse. " 0 ,yo11 soot1 pcnple,"
mi11 LC, "WIIU %PC ~SSBIII~ICII,bclluld if tl~ercIS ally sorrow
likc IJIY SOI.~OW. TII:L~ JCWis n dcvil ; bc llnz stulcn aur:ty
luy 11cut fro111 my hmt-lic 11:u LuLcl~c~~cJ IIIY uuly COIII­
pnuion, m l I presurllc too thxt he 11:~ C:L~CII him. il ccrtnin
son of tlle devil, a Jew of Prcncl~ birth, I ~~citl~er ICIIOW nor
;LIU :~ci~uai~itecl with; thr~t Jew y,vc I I I CUIIIKX~C ~ 11:t'~crs of
. his clc~tll-wnrmnt to that IU:LII. To illis city IIC CZIIIC, induced,
or mtl~cr sccluccd. I-Ie uRcu gnve nttcntlnucc LI~NJII this Jew,
and ill l~is house he wns last sccn." I-le wad not witllout a
witness to sowc points, i~l:lwuch :LS a C'llristinn nroInm, who,
cout~:~ry to the cxuons, II:~ nursccl up the yu~iug Jews in the
mnlc ho~~sc, coushntly swore tl~at she llsd wen tile boy go
dowii iuto the Jew's store, without co~lling up a,gsin. Tllc
Jew clcnics idtho casc is rcfcrrc~l to the jutlgcs. Thc nccuscrs
are defective; tl~c boy bccnusc he was ui~tlcr age, the
woman bemuse the service of dews Itad rcntlcrocl lux iguominions.
The Jcw offered to clc:~ liis conscience of the evil
report. Gold conte~~tecl the judges. l'llineas gave and
plexsed, null the controversy ccnsetl.
Scot. S4. Tl~cbisllup of Cl~cstcr, who, fronl his deteshtion
of rcligiou, Ilad expcllcel the 111ou1

1192.1 AlONris Ol7 CovExTRY ES~ELLED.
d;n d
o.i7er, he apl,ointcd the rnnsons a~~tl'~l:~stcrers tl~cirhire ont of
the cllxttels of the ~no~lnater.y. llc sclectctl two [)l,i~ji:ii):~l
minors of Lhc inouks fur 11is own 1)rnpcr nsc ; lhis :LII;LI~;.~~IIC~~
bein? rnntle fur tl~cir nl)~~s~-tllat wllcrcvcr 11c sl~ur~ltl cnt,
some special tlc1icn1:y p~~u-\~itlerl out of tl~c i~:;~lcs of the ahre­
snit1 manors shoulcl bc l~rcsonlctl to 11im to cnt, thnt ht, ulight
glory in the victory, and ~niglit batten, :IS it nrcrc, on the
17iscern of tl~c lnonlts, W~IOIILlie lln~l by his wicltc~h~c~~r ovcrcoum
Cut :~11 the rrst of tlieirb revcnncs IIC nllottc[l to the
prebend,?, sonlo of n,liich IIC cont'crrcd and xttlecl for cvcr on
hlje Ro~llistl cli~~rcli, q)prul)rintcci to ccrtain cart1i11;~Is of the
Apo"olic See, appointing tl1e111 and their canollicn: SIICCC~:WI~Y
in thc snnle titlcs to be canons of the churcll of Co\.cntry, tllnt
if by :Lny chnnce there shonld be any dchy to tl~e trnnsnctions
befhre tlic po11c, lie sliould mslx the wholc court the Illorc
ycn~l,~ in the defei~ce of his part ; lie cu~~fcrred tlrc othcr prcbcntls
on others, hot not one on any \\111ol11 lie did not ];now
for certain to bc all nlvocntc of no rcligion. Tl~cy bllilt
eagcrly, even the nbscnt cwonu, around tl~c cl1urc11 slmious
ant1 lofty villas, pcrllaps fol. t.licir own usc, if cvc11 onco in
their livcs any ~II:LIIOC ~1~0~1~1 offer a CLLIISCfor visiting L11c plncc.
None of the prcl~cndarics 1y1I:~rIy rcsidcd tlicrc any inore tllau
they do elscwlle~e; but doing great tliinjis fir the ptcs of
pnlnces, ihcy have lcft to poor vicars, inclrlcc~l Ly :L thifling
~~eniurieration, to ins1111 God ; t,o tl~em have tl~cy i~ltr~lst~:ll tlic
holy chant nnd v:~nquisl~etl ho~~schold gotls ant1 bare church
walls.
Scct. 55. This forsooth is truc religiou; tl~is slloultl tlie
clmdl inlifatc :~nd ernul:~.tc. It mill bc peruiittccl the scculnr
ltnilou to bc abscnt from his churcl~ as long as IIC 1n:xy ~ I I ~ R S C ,
and 'to consome tLo patrimony of Clirist where, and when,
in wllatsoevcr lusurics hc m:ly list. Let tlicm only providc
this, that :I, frcqnent vociferation bc 11enrd in the house of the
o r . If the stranger shoold linoclc at bl~e doors of such, if
tho poor shonltl cry, 1113 wlio lives before the c!oors will
answer (he llimsclf being n sut%ciently nccdy vicar), " Pass
on, and seek clscwl~erc for ~UIS, for the mnstcr of tho l~onse
is not at llomc." This is that glorious religion of the clcrlrs,
for the sakc of which thc bisllop of Chcstcr, the first of ~ncu
that durst conmit so grent iniquity, cspclicd liis n~onlis from
Coventrv. For thc sake of clcrli~ irrednrlv rcmnl:~r-that

.5 4 RTCJlARD OF DEVIZES. [SECT. 85-86.
is to SLY, of canons, Ile c:~pricionsl,y tarncd out tile
rnonlts \v111>, not with anotllcr's, but with their olvn month
pmisctl tl~e Lortl, who (lwelt anti wnllced in tlLe ]lolluc of tile
Lortl with unauin~ity all thc c h p of their life, nrlro bcyoncl
tl~eir foot1 and rnilncnt kllew not,llil~~ cnrtl~l~, wboae bI.C:Ld
mns nlw:rys fix the poor, ml~osc thr wn? at all tilnes open to
evely t~.nvellcr: nor did thy thus p1c:rec the bishop, rnllca
ncver lovctl eitlw monl;s or their order. A lnau of bitecr
jocnlnrity, wlio ewn, though he might solnctimes spare, uc\-er
censcd to worry the mon1;s. 0 w11nt :L h,t ITIOI-XI, nacl not to
be nl)sorlml, is a monk! njnny a thouwncl IIU tl~nt bit
cl~okcil, while tl~e wiclxd nt their clc~bl~ 1 1 : 11nd ~ ~ it for tlieir
viaticum. If 3s oftcn a monlr NM cal~unni:~tedrnd repron,clleJ
Ile nm consu~nccl, all religion wot11tL bc absorbed
bcfore innny ngcs. At sU times ,and in every plxe, whetllcr
tl~e bisl~op spokc in c:wucst or in ,jest, :I, ~nonli was some part
of his discourse. Nor ~litl tl~c cspnlsion of his o~vn 1nonl;s
sntisf'y him, bnt ewr :lfter, trnc to Ilin~sell; he coutin~wl sensnring
tlre monl;s as before. But as he conltl not tltxist fiom
. spmlrir~g of them, lest he should incur tl~c opprolxium of s
detractor, if in tlrci~: nbscnce 11c s11011lcl C:II~ nt tl~eir orclcr, he
rcsolvcd to kcep sonlo nlonl; alilling wit11 him in his court;
tbnt his conversntion about thein mi~j~t l~e u~de less offemire,
by thc prcscncc nnd nudicncc of onc of thcnl. So lie tool; ns
his qwsi cl~nl)lnin n certnin u~onk,scnrccly of age, but yet,
who l~nd profcsscd at 13~1rtoi1, mlion~ to the scancla,l of religion
hc ycnernlly took abont with him. O csccss of sorrow!
%ven alllong the angcls of God is found iniquity. Thc monk,
wise 2nd prudent, secl~wxl to the clclusion, Imrtlcned his
forellead as a llnrlot, tlint he a monk sl~c~ulil not, blnsh whcn
~nonlts were revilcd. Alas ! how gent a thirst for roving
and ricliug! Hear IIIG and nttcn~l n little; you sl~all see how
the riding of this riclcr concluclc~l. On a certain clay, as tho
Bishop \ns standing ovcr his worlmen zt Coventry, his ~nonl:
atte~lding closc by his side, on whom Il~c bishop familiarly
rcsting, mid, "Is it not proper snd expedient, my monk, evcn
in yonr ,jnt!gincr~t, tht the great beanty of so fair a church,
that such a comcly edilicc, should rather be approprinted to
gods tl~nn dcvils ? " And while tl~c monk was hesitating at
the obscurity of the words, he nildccl, "I," said he, "bcall my
clcrlis gods, and monks devils !" And presently putting

fort11 tho forofingcr of l~is 7igllt hand townrtls his clerks, n-110
wcre stnntlinlr ro~~nrl him, hc continl~etl,"I h:~y ye %re gok*, nncl
yo nrc all tl~c children of the Highcst !" -ind I~:ivinx ttmled
n,g:i.in to the left, conclutlctl to tl~c monli, " Dnt yc monks
~11311 die likc devils; ntd ;ls one nut1 tin grc:ttest, of your
yinccs yo shall MI nmny into ldl, 11cc;usc ye are ~lcvils
U~OLIenrtl~. Truly if it should bcfnl me to oflicioto for n
clend monk, which I should bc very unwilling to do, I would
con~mentl Itis body and soul not to Ciotl, but to tlie devil !" 7'11~
monk, who wns standing in the vc~y plnce that the ~ttonli~
11x1 beeen plundcrcd of, did not ref~tto the insult on the
monks, and Lc~zuse on such an occlsion IIC was ailent, met,
a9 deserved, with the remnrd of' ctcrnnl silmce being impoml
upon him. For md~lcnlyn, stone falling from the
~teeplc of the cl~urch, clnsl~c~l ont the I~rains of the monk who
mas attending on the I)ialiop, thc ljisbop bcing preserved iu
mfcty for sonie y~cntcr jndjirnent.
Pcct. 86. The Itin5 of tl~e El~glish, Ricl~nrtl, had a11:endy
coniplcte~l two ycn.rs In conquering tl~c rc,g,.ion around Tern,?&lem,
:ml during all tlmt time there hail no aid been sent to
-, him from any of his ki11,rrclorns. Nor yet wcre his only n~ltl
uterine Iwotltcr, John, earl of Mortain, nor Itis josticinricq
nor !Itis otlier noblcs, olwrved to tdie any c:tm to scud hilo
any part of his revenncs; but they did not cven tlrinl; of his
return. Homcver, p.syer mas mi~cle witltout cenuing by tl~c
church to God for him. Tlic king's rimy was dcc~.c,?sc~l
in the Land of Promisc, nntl besi~lcs those WIIO were
shin w,ith tllc sword, Innny tltousnnds of tl~c pcogle perisl~cd
every month by thc too sudden cstmxnitics of tl~c r~izl~tlv
cold and tl~c tldy 11sst. UVl~eri it n.ppcnrerl that &!ley wonlcl
a11 have to die the, cvwy one had to choose whether 110
would clic 2s a cownrcl or in bnttle. On tl~c other side, the
strend of the Gentilcs greatly incremed, and their confidence
was strengt.l~cnetl by the misfortunes of the Christinns;
their army was rclieved nt certain timcs by freuh troops; the:
weothcr 1~39natunl to ~IICIII; the plnce wm their nativo country;
their labour, hcnltli ; their frugality, medicine. Amongst
the Normans, on the cont~rai.y, that bccamc n disadvantage which
to the advermries brought pin. For if our people lived sparingly
cucn oncc in o week, they were renderell les~cf'cctive
for seven weeks nftcr. The iningled nation of French ant1

Englisli Grctl SU~)~LICIIISIY every clay, and (snvi~~~ tl~c rcvorcncc
of tl~c Frcucl~) ewn to loatl~in~, at w11:~tcucr cost,
r~liilc thoir trc:wn.e loshl; nut1 the well-linomu cuslonl of
tllc Englisll I~c:ing co~lt.iuu:rlly kepi up even 1111clcrtile very
c1:rrious nntl t110 cln~~go~u- ol' tl~c trun~pet or Lorn, I;IIL.~g.qot:
wit11 rluc chwtion \vl~ile tile ch:~liccs were ci11;d;icd tt, the
drc,qs. Tllc urnrd~o~~tu oi' tl~c conuiry, who brought tl~e vie-
;II:LIH to tl~cimnj), wcrc :~stol~isl~c~lGllcir nf wonJt:rful :IU~
cstr:~ordinnry I~:abits, nud co~iltl scnrccly bclicvc cvcn whni
tiley s.zv to 11c tr~~c, tlmt ode pcoi~le, ti ti ti tl~at .m:~ll in nmii-
'im, cuusun~c~l tl~rcafultl tlie blwrl id :L LuuJrocl-fold tl~r:
winc more tllnn ~IJ:L~ \rhcreo~~ n1:~11y u:rtions of tl~cGc~~tjlcv
hcl ken sustniucd, and so111c of ~ I I O R L ~ 11:1tiu11s~UIIII~ICI.:LL~.
1h111 the I~ond of tl~c Lord w:~s dcserl-etlly laid upon tlvm
~ccoriling to tllcir n~cri..~. So grwt wnut of foutl follc,wcci
thcir ;rlx~t ghttony, tlint tllcir tcctli scarccly spnrctl tllci~
tingcrs, ni their hands prcscuterl tu tlicir nlo[~ths lcss tlinn
tlleir uwnl allowance. To tl~ese nncl 0th cslnruitim, w11it:h
w1.e scvero a1111 rn~my,a ~nudr grentcr mas adclccl by the
siclacss of tile king.
Sect. 8'7. The king mas extremely sick, and conlincd to
Lis llcd ;Iiis frvcr continuctl without i~iteruiission ; the ~~ilysici~~ns
rvl~isperctl that it .was an ncuto sc~nitertian. A d :IS
tiley dcspircd of his recovcry even how thc firs^, tcrriblo
th~n,ywas sprend frou 6he lii~~g's rrboclt. through tli~ cmp.
There wcre few mnong the nlmy thoosuucls who dicl uot,
l~lcclitntc on Right, nucl the nti~~ost uonfusiou of Ji~pcrsion or
~urrcnclcr would Iiave fullowcd, 1 d not I-1ul:crt I?-alter,
Isi~lop of I:;~li.rlury, i~~i~necli:~toly zsse~ubletl tho council. $10
oltainc~l by forcible nlleg:.ntions tl~lt tl~c army slionld not
1~rc:k up ui~til:I, truce was dem:mtled of S:dnclii~. All well
arn~edahnil in array more stc:ntlily than usual, :rnJ with a,
tllrc:~tening louk ooncwling the rolnctiince of tbcir mind,
thy hip n. clcsire for bnttlc. No oue slxnlx of the inclispositiun
of the khg, lest the secrct of their intense sorrow
slloulll be disclosccl to tl~c cllemy ; for it thoroughly
auderstoocl that S:~lnclin fe:~recl the elm-ge of the whole :rmy
leslv tllnn that of thc king doue; null if 11e should lmow that
he wns dead, hc wo~ilil i11et:ml-ly pelt the French with cowdung
nut1 inhxicake tlic bcst of tlue Euglish druu1:arcls with
n close whioh shoolcl make them trc~~ible.

J
Sect. SS. In the menntimc, s ccrtaiu Gcntilu, eallcd S:LE:Ltin,
csnlc clown to sce the Iring., .z-s he g ~ ~ ~ ~ did ~ ; ~ he : was ~ l n I y
brotl~ur of Salntlin, nn nucient Illan of war of rcll~nrli:~llo
politc~~css rind intelligence, and o~iu whom thc kii~g's 1ll:I:n:Lnirnity
nncl nlunificeucc 1 ~ cl~nrmctl 1 crcu to tl~c luve ol' hi::
PCIWO and ~ L V ~ Iof I P llis pnrly. '~IIO1ii11:'s scrvn~~ts grcctillg
lim lcss joyfnlly tlnn thcy were :zccusto~~~ccl, null not :lhit,ting
hiul to an iiiter~iew wit11 tl~c king, " I lm~ccivc," said Ilo
by his intcrptcr, " thnt you arc grcnt,ly :dHicLc(l; nor :Lnl 1:
ignorant of tlle cnusc. My f~ie~ul, your king, is sicl,; null
tl~c~.efore you closc his cloors to ulc." And ihlling ir~tohrs,
wit[] Iliy WIIUIC he:~rt, 11c cxchirnc~l, " 0 God of the Christin&,
if thou be a, Gocl, (lo not suffer SIIC~n III;LU, so necesslry
to tily pcol,le, to fall so s~dlenly !" He was intrusteJ with
tllcir :avo\vnl, sncl thns spultc on :" In trntl~I furcwnrn you,
thnt if Lllc liiug sl~oul(l dio \vl~ilo tliing; 3t:111dUS tlq arc ni;
~IT~CII~, dl you Christinus will perish, :~ncl ;dl tliis region mil:
in tirnc to comc be ours without contest. ,Cl~:~llwe :~t 311
dread tl~:~t stout Iring of FU~~ICC,bcforc who he c:~1110 into
b,zt,tle was dcfcntl:d,--who:w wl~olc strength, ~vl~icli blum
'ycnrs hacl con tributecl, tl~c s1101.f. sl).ace of tJlrce ulo~~tlm con­
SLIII~CC~ ? Ilitlicr will IIC 011 no account return my more ; for
we nlways cstce~u this as n ~ urc ~ol;cn (I a111 ~ o spc;~Iring t
cr:~ftily, but simply), that tl~ose w11oui at first we think cowardly,
we evcr :~ftcr liud worse. Eut that Iring, of nli llro
princ.(~.sof the Cllristian nalne w1io111 tl~c round circle of tho
whole world ellcouipnsacs, is alonc worthy of the honour of n,
cnphiu and tlie n:Lnlu of :I king, bec:wse he ccu~u~cucecl mdl,
md went on bcttel; sucl will bc crowned by tho lrlost 1)rorperous
result, if' only 11e shall remain wit11 you ;L sl~ort time.
Scct. 89. " It is not s ucw thing for us to dmzd thc
E~~~lisl~, for fn~ne reported to us his fxtl~er to be such, that
had he conlc evcn uunrmccl to oar parts, wo shuuld 311 11n1.c
fled, t,ho11gl1 armed, nor woold it hnve nppcnrccl ingloriouu to
us to 'r)c put to flight by 11i1u. l-le our terror, n monclerful nun
in his clay, is dencl; but, like -the pl~cr:~~ir, rcncnml Lin~sclf, s
thous:~nd ti~rw bcttor, in his son. It was not nr~lr~~owu to us
how gi.cnt that Eiclmd wns, even wllilc hi3 filther livcd ; for
all the day8 of his father, wo had our ngenh in tl~ow pts,
who infornlc~l LIS Loth of the king's d~cds, 2nd of tlic birth :bud
death of his som He was jobtly beloved for his probity by

his fzthc~ ol~ovc? all his brotlma, nntl prcfcrrcrl hcfnro tl~cm to
tllc govcnlmc~it of his stntcs. It was not onl;no\vn to 11st,lin.t
wl~cnII~P wnn m:de ~lnlic of Arlaitaine Ile spcctlily n,nrl
vnliantly croslietl the tyrnnts of the proviucc, who 11ml bccn
invincil;le bcfm his qrandfatlwr ant1 grcnt g~xndfather ;-llow
tdryil)lc IN WLS even to tho Icing of hhnw himself, as well fis
to :~11 tllc qnvcrnors of the regions on his burtlers. None took
of lis to I~iulsclf, though Ile aLwa,,ys p11d~wl his bounrla into his
neigI~bol~~s'. It nrns not ~rnkllown to ns, t11:tt his twr) bro .
tlierg, tlw one drea~ly cromncd Iii~~g, the other duke of lhtms~le,
l~md set tl~cniselv~s up against their dear htl~cr, and tlut
he censcrl not to pe~sccutc tl~oln with tlic rigour of war, till Ile
h d given them both etcrnal repose, vnnqirislicd as they mere
by tho lc~~gth ol the prosecution. Dc~idcs,as yo11 will tlw
more wo~ldcr at, we ILIIOW all tLc cities of your pn,rts by
1ia111c; nor are wc ignorant that the Iring of your co~~ntry mas
Imtcn at LC Mans tl~rou,d the trcaclery of Ilk own pcople;
tlnt he died at Chinon, nncl mas buried at Fol~tcvnud.
Sect. 00. " It is not tlirough ignorance tht I do noL. ~.el.zte
who mnde l~in~sclf the a~~tlinr of such unusnd and niigl~ty
sl~ugl~tcr nqinst 11s. 0 ! if tlrnt Ricllnrd, whom nltl~o~gl~ I
lovo yet T Scar, if he were despntcllecl out of the w:~,y, l~om
].ittie slio~~ld we then fcnr, horn vc~y little shoultl wc nnke
8.cconnt of that youngcst of the sons, who slccps ,zt l~ome in
clovcr ! It wns not ~lnl;uown to us, that Ricllnnl, who nobly
fiuccec~lcd his great fntl~er- in tllc kingdoru, i~un~cclintcly sot
formnrtl ngninst us cvcn in the vcry ycu of his coroun~ion.
The nimber of his ships ;11~1 troops was not unknown to us
befol-e his scttiyg forth. Wc knew, eveu nt the vnry time,
with vh:~t spellil he t,ooli Blessinn, the well-fortified city of
Sicily, which he lesiegccl ; and although none of our people
believed it, yet our ferns increased, and fame dcled Glse ter-
rors to the true.
scct. 01. "~Iisvdour, un:&le to rest in one plxo, procecded
tbrough a bo~ulcllcfis region, :md everywllere left
trophics of his courage. Wc questioned among ourselves
wl~etherhe ruarle ready to subdue, for his God, the Lard of
Brolniee only, 01; mt the s me time, to trike the wl~ole world
for himself. Who shdl worthily relnto the coapture of
Cyprus ? Verily llad the islnnd of Cyprus bcen close to
Egypt, and 11dmy brother. Sn.lnclin s~ibclned it in ten ycm,

his name wor~ld have bcen reclroned by the people among, ~ IIC
names of tllc gods. When, I~omevnr, me nt k.it percclvcc!
that be overthrew wl~steycr rcsistetl his pr~rimsc, ow hcnrfs
were meltcd ,zs tho lloar frost melts at tl~c nppcwm~ce of the
n.plwoncl~ing mn, fornsm~icll ns it wu sairl 01' hi111 that 11c ate
his eneniics alive. And if lie nwc not prwcnlly, 011 tl~e vcry
d:~y of' Iris arrival Before Acre, received freely into tlie city
with open gates, fcar done was the cause. It was not fro111
their tiesire to preserve the city, but tliroogli drencl of the torments
promised tlicn~ rind tllcir t1csp:~ir of ljfh tl~nt they f'ongl~f;
so bmvely, or ratlier tlespornloly, fcnring tl~is more t!m,n rlcntl~,
entlenvouring this by nll Incnrrs, nnrucly, Ilr:~t thcy skould nol;
die unrevengcd. And this was not f1.0111 she? obsti~~ncy, 1,ut;
to follow up tlm doctrine of our faith. For nrc Irclicve tI~at
the spirits of the unnvcn,g,rcrl w:~~ltlar for cvw, nnd tint tlloy
are ~leprivd of 311 rest. Uut \vl~:~t dill tl~e r:~sll~rcss n-acl
timidity ol' tlie clevotcd profit tl~cni ? Eeii~g vn~i!~~rinl~ctl by
force, and constm.ir~otl by fc:tr to surrender, tl~cywcre pu~iisl~ecl
wit11 a more lenicl~t de:~tl~ tllnn they lid eqmtctl. And yet,
oh ! shame on the Gentiles! tllcir spirits wandcl.ed IIC-
'avcnged ! 1swcar to you by the Grmt God, tlint if, :~fter he
lid gained Acre, Ire hat1 inin~cdi:~tcly lctl Iris army to Jcrusdem,
he mould not have found cven one of our peoplc iu the wllolc
circuit of thc C11risti:~ns' land ; ou the contrq, me d~onld
have offcrcd to him inestirnnblo trensurc, tlint lie rniglit not
proceed, t1i:it he might not prosecute 11s furtlier.
Sect. 92. "1311t, tl~nnks be to Go11 ! 11c wns bur~lcucd xvitl.
the king of' the French, mil l~inclerecl by I~iix, like a, cat with
n. l~ammcr tied to its tail. To conclude, n7c, tllougli his rivals,
see nothing ill Ricbnrd that we can find h11t wit11 but, his
valour; nothing to hate but his expericncc in war. But what
glory is the iu Ggl~ting with s sick ~nnn?And nltl~ou~h this
very morning I could ]lave wisl~eil tL:~t both you :mcl Ile I~n.il ;~11
rcwived your find doom, now I cornp:~?sionatc yon on :JCCOIIII~
of your king's illness. I will eithor obtain for yo11 a settIcd
peace with my brotliel; or at the le~ts good and cturabte
truce. But until I return to you, do not by any Incans speali
of it to the king, lest, if Iic sl~onld be excited, he lnq get
worse, for be is of so lofty and in1p:~ticnta disposition, that,
even tllougl~ lie sliould nceds presently die, he woulcl not consent
to an wmngement, without sceing the advantage on Irk

trusty ol' f,llc I

Sect. 05. The fiect vns inale redy, and the glorious l)lincv
l.etrO:Lti"g wit11 his co~;~rdly troop, sails over th Ihwicnl)
Sea. Hnvi~~g lnucled on tl~c Ger~nnn co:~sk, 11c s11r~:ds nhlO%d
among the pcv:)Ie, during tl~c wl~ole 01' his journey, that t11:~t
trzitor the king or E~i:;lnnJ, 1uo11~ tl~c fir.:t ~r~lruie~lt uf his
arriv:~l in Jutleq had cnrlcnvo~~~~ctl lo Lct~yl~is 1o1.11 the I L ~ I I ~
of the Prcncll to S,zl:~lin; that, ns soon :IF; hc lu~tl o1hinec.L
Tyro, lie cnnscd tl~c m:uqucss to bc m~~rclcrccl ; t11:~t IIC hnrl deslntcllecl
the ~111l;c of Eargn~~lly by poison ; lhnt :~t tllc 1:wt b~:
11at.l sold pcrall;~ the wholc nnny c~f tl~c, Cl~risti:~~~~
W~IU did
not obcy hi111 ; thnt he w:ls a nlnn of silig~~l:~r fcl:u~ity, of
Ilarsh and rc:pulsi~c mnnncrs, snbllc in trcwl~cry,:~nll most
cnuning in clir:ii~uulation; tht on that nccou~~t thc I;il~,q of
thc Prer~cli l~nd returnc~l l~orne so soon ; th: on tht. nccoc~nt
tl~c Prcncb wllo ren~nincd 11:d lcft 2er11s:dc:u undoe~ncd.
This report gnind strcngtll 1~y circnlntiuut, 2nd pr~~tili~d
,%%inst out lllm tl~r: II:L~I.c~ of dl.
Scct. 96. 'l'ho bislop of Ec:.~llvnis, 11nxril1,g retl1l.11~11 to
Frzncc, scarctly wllisperc(1 in Cl~ul;i~i,y's car, tll:~t tlre Iking of
Englnnd IINI sc!nt usn,?si~~s to h'rmxe w11o nw1111l mu~tler Ilinl.
The Icing, nlar~ricd nt that, n.ppointed, tl~ougl~ a.ga.imt the
custom of his co~~utry, :I cho:m Ootly-g~~nrcl; ltc furlllcr scnt
ambssnclors to the elnpcror of Ccr~mny wit11 p~.cscuts, mrl
cnrefully peisnaded his i~npuri~~l nujcsty to :L Latrcd of tlx
king of Engl:~.~~cl. So it wn.s cnjoi~lcdLy ;Ln i~~~pnrinl. edict,
that all citics and princes of thc ernpirc sl~t~ul(S t:~l;c the ki~q of the English by force, if by cl.~ancc in his I.C~II~II frorn Jutlea
be shou11.I hnppcn to pa,% through their cclu~~trics, :~ucl lwcueut
him to him alive or dead. If any onc spnrocl l~im, IIC sliould
be punishcd :LB the public cnemy of tLe erupire. All obeyed
tl~e eo~pcror's charge ; and especidly tht rlulro of Austria,
whom the lii~~g of Jil~gl;mcl I d dismissed at Acre.
Sect. 07. Fl.enry, couut of Cl~srnpgne, 11ov the o~dy oue
of tho Frc~lcl~ noLLcv lcft iu3uclcn, ~'ctur~lccl to thc 1;iq of the
Euglish, to J:lfh ; and when he znnoimccd to h n both the
dent11 of the kluke ,of Burg~~ndy nncl the clcparturc of the
French, tl~c hope of the king so rcvivctl, that he lwcsc~~tly eupericnced
a pcrfect convnlescencc wit11 n, llezltl~y perspisntiou ;
and linving resuniccl his strengtl~of Gocly morc by the high
temper of his mind than by reposc or no~irishnont, hc issnc!d n
COIIIIMZ~ ttlsouqh the whole coast from Tyrc to A se;~lun, tht

all wile weyo able to Ye1-m in the wars sliould come to the
se17.ice at the Icing's cll:~l.g~s. Tl~erc asseu~blcd beforo 1lir11 a,
~ ~ ~ ~ tm~rltit~~dc, l ~ s s s tlw ,yrcntcr part of wl~um wcrc foot;
~,,llicllbeing rcjoctctl, :L.: they Lve1.e US~~~SS, 110 1nr1s;;ercd tllc
horse, allc[ scn.1nc1y SOLI~I~ live I~undld I

d
,
1102.l TRUCE WITlJ SALADIri. 63
thou thyself, mny King and my God, conqnerctl this tlny, and
not Ricl~nrcl thy v:~ssnl."
Sect. 08. 1-le said, and rcturned to the camp est>rc!mely drjectetl;
nnil se n fit occasion now- offered, Eishop IIubert :!nu1
ZIcnry, connt of Chmpnpe, i~,p~,r~i~clh~ him rnit.11 ou wolltell
familiarity,ancl as if uotlri~~g 11nd yet becn arrxngcd, i111prt11~1cd
~incler divers pretexts the lii~ig's consent for maliiug such OVCJ'tures
to the G-entiles as mere nccessnry. And ~hns tlic ltir~g
answered them : "Since it generally hnpps that a trouhlc~i
rniucl rather thwarts tllon ~xforcls souucl judgment--I, wljo nnl
greatly perl~lesd in inind, authorizu you, who Irnvc ns !sec: a
coucctocl 111inJ, to arrange what you s11:~ll tl~i~ll~ 1110sCproper
for the good of pwce." They llaving gn.incc1 their desims,
chose nresdengers to send to Satfjtin upon tl~ese u~xtters; Saffitill,
wlro l~ntl returned Sum Jerusnleni, is suildenly annouucecl
to be at ha~~tl ; the cuu~~t ant1 the Lislrop 20 to nrcet II~III, mlci
Leiug ;LSSUI.C~ Ly Liru of the truce, they imtruct him how Ilc
must spel~l~ wit11 the lord their Itiug. Safhtin bcii~fi ncln~itted
to an iutcrvicw wit11 the king as orre wllo before i d been Iris
fricncl, coulcl scnrcoly prcvd with the king not to malcc him-
- sclf a sacrifice, nud to coilsent to the truce. ]?or so great were
the man's strength of body, mental courage, and entirc trust
in Christ,, thst 110 could Ira~ndly be prcva.ilet1 upon not to un-
dertnkc in Iris own person n single combat wit11 a tlloosancl of
the choicest Gentiles, as he was destitute of soldiers. And as
hc was not pcsmitteJ to break off in this way, he chose nuother
evwion, that, after a truce of sewn weeks, thc stipulntions of
the compact being presei~cd, it shoulcl rennin for him to
choosc whether it were bcttcr to fight or toforle:rr. Tlre rigl~t
11:~nds are given by h~tLpxtics for Saitlrfully observiug ttl~is
last ngrcement ; and Ss&tin, more lronoured than burclenccl
wit11 the king's prcscnt, Sues brick apin to his brotlm; to return
at the evpirntion of the tern1 lor the find ~onclusiou or
breaking off of the above trnce.
Sect. 99. ILiclrnrtl, king of England, held a council at Awe,
ancl there prudently wgulating the govet~nment ~f that st:~te,
he appointed liis ~~cpl~ern, I-Tcnl:y, count of Charnpnpc, on
whom 110 llnd formcr1;y conferred 'I'yre, to be caphill a~rcl lorcl
of tl~c wl~ole Imcl of Prolnise. Ody lie tllougl~t propcr to tlefer
his conseclntion as king till haply he migllt be crowned at
Jerusolenl. Iiing Eicllarcl now thidiing to return I~onie, when

mitlt tlie :IS:~F~~LIIUL! or Count Hmry l~c11nd apl~oint,ctl clwcn
nlcn :~.11 tl~c stronghollb that I L : ~ Lean t~l;c?u iu his twritorit,.,
fonnrl ilscnlon nloue witl~u~~t ward or i111~nhit:~ut fo~
wnnt of Ilcnple. \~hercfo~c, ktki~ig p~wnution tl1:1,1, it migl~t
not, 1:ccotnt: a rcccptacle of tl~c 4>cntilcs, lie G~LWII tl~cI:LIIIparts
:X,TI~ful%ilic:~tionsof' tltc cnslle to be cnst clown. 'J:llc
sescutlt day of the scvontl~ wecl; nppc:~l.cd, niitl Lel~ol~l S:tKatin,
mitlt itiavy rni;;hty orim who dcsircd to scc thc facc of tl~e
king, tlrew nc:w; the trucc w3.s confinncd on both sitlcs by
o:~tl~, this being ntlclcd to that wlticli llad been ~)L.CV~OIIY~~ ~ct­
tlcd, tllnt 11uri11g tllc contin~i:~~~~~ Cl~ristisn or Cic~~tik, sl~onlcl inhabit A ~ O I I XI^ , tl~:~t the
tvllolc of tlhe tillnge pertaining to the town sltoulcl reninin to
tbc Cl~ristinns. Hubert, bishop of Sslisl)ury, a d 1-lcnry,
cnptai~~ of Jt~llca, togct!ier with :I, nulncrouv bad, wcnt ~ 1) to
Jcmsnlc111 to worship in the place where the feet of Christ l~ad
stootl. AII~tlterc ws woeful iniscry to be seen-cnptivc cow
f'essors of the Christinn name, wcari~~gout 3 hnrd nnd consk~nt
mnrtyrtlo~~~ ; cl~niuccl togetltcr iu gnnp, their feet Llistcrc11,
their slionltlers m.w, tl~oir bncksiclcs go:dcd, their becks wcslcd,
they corriccl ~untcri~,ls to the Irn.nds of the mmons 2nd she-
of the 'trucc 110 mc, d~etl~cr
1:~yers to 1na1;e Jerusdem impreya.ble against the Cl~ristinns.
IYl~extl1c.i captain and bisllop Led rcturned from the r-::werl
pl:t(~, they entlen,voiirecl to persl~ndc the Iting to go up ; but
the wortlly intligi~~tiou of his noblo mi1111 could 11oL cowant to
receivc t.lmt from the comtesy of thc Sentiles which he could
not obtain by C ~ Rgift of Cl-o~l.

GEOFFREY DE VINSAUF'S
ITINEEBRP OF RICHARD I. AXD OTIIERS,
.
TO THE HOLY LAND.

ITIRTElURY OF RICRAltD I. AND OTHERS,
TO THE IlOLY LARD.
PROLOGUE

f;a PROLOGUE.
of virtnc the mow stronql,y on the min& of its irnitnlors,
aoncepi~q it in mrious ways, hot,ll tlrrough tlleir cy(.s nlltl
tlm~u~li thcir enrs. ?Tho woultl now know nnytlii~~~ :.Lool~t
the vo,y:qe of ;l:lwn, the hhnrs of I-Ierculc:., tlrr: glory of
Alcx:~~~lI:.r, ur tho victories of (':m

IZEBE UEGINS THE ITINERARY OF RICHARD ii^rNG
OF '1'1-IE ENGLISH 'TO OIZE EIOLY LAND,
BOOK I.
CFI.I.--Ix tl~e yesr of the 111cn1mtc Word 1187, when
Urll:m 111. held the governmcnl; of the Apostolic See, and
.Frederic am empcror of Gernnalny; wlwn Ismc w,as rcigniug
:~tCoostnn~inople, Philip in Pmncc, Henry in EngI:~n(l, ni~d
1VilIiar11 ill Sicily, thc Lortl's 11:~ud fell hcnvy upon l~is peopie,
if indectl it is rigl~t to ~$11 hnse his pcopl.e, whom unclei~~~lncss
of life mil I~;~hity, and the foulness of their viccs, Iiad
n:icnntctl fru111 his favour. Tllcir licentiousness l~ntl indcccl
bccon~e so il:~jirant that they all of tlleni, cnsti~~g &lc tl~e
veil of sh:unc, ru4l1ed I~endlong, ill the fwc of day, into crime.
It wonltl he a long tnsk n,nd i~icorn~ntiblc wit11 our preeent
p~upowto clisclose the sccncs of blootl, robbery, and ndultery,
.which tlisgr;~cccl tl~e~rr, for this work of mine is a history of
cleetls 2nd not n moral treatise : but wbcn the ancient cnelny
had difI'usct1, fa19 a ~ new, ~ d the spirit of corruption, he morc
cs~~ccinll,y took possession of tl~c 1:~nclof Syria, so h t other
11atiousnow drew an example of uncleanness from the sam
source wl1ic11 formerly bad supl)lied them wit11 tl~e elcr~~ents
of religion. For this cnusc, tl~cref'ore, the Lord seci~lg tht
thc lnnil of his birth and plnce uf 11is passion had sunk into
an abyss of turpitude, trcated with neglect Lis inl~erit:rnce,
and sofi'ered Snlndin, thc rot1 of his u~nth, to put fol-th his
h~ry to the destruction of that stiff-necl.ed peul)lc; fur Le
would m.tl~er that tLe Holy Laud should, for a ~hortime,

SALADIN, tl~ercfure, Invil~g assenlLle11 his bands of' warriors,
violcnlly nwiilc~d Palestine, :wl YCII t ~UPW~PJ.M;~naf;~lx.~lil~,
3~1111ilx.l of Edc.~.*a, with 7,000 Turks, to rntr:qy thc Holy
Lnntl. This ~:.LII, when 11e II:L,I ~~iarcl~ed as f:~ras tho parts
-
about Tiberixs, was tllcro encountered by Ge~~rcl de ltidde-timl,
~unstcr of the 'rwil~lars,* :~ndXiop dc AJoulins, imstcr
of t,lw l.Zoyhl. ; one of wl~o~n they routcJ. and put to fliglit,
n.1141 :;!c!w tl~e otl~cr in n slld~len attack. In this Lottlc 3 tkm

1
to him to surrcntlcr. Be, I~oweucr, turnill,: a dei~r ear to their
e.xl~o~totio~~r~, wm not x.frn.id to [lie for Cl~rist, but ovrrrvl~el~~~ctl
wit11 the lmtl of jnvelins, stones, and lances, r:~,ther tl~rtn
\~t~~i~~~isl~cil, 11c at length was with difliculty shin, a d Ilk
rjoul fletl trinlnl>lant, lmlring the palm of rniwcyrrlon~, to tllc
ImveuJy Izingcloin. 1-1;s tleath indced wns renilcd :,.lor.ious,
since by his single sword so large n, circlo of de:d bodies I I : ~
bccn 11c:lped around him. It wnn sweet for n ~nsnto die tl~us,
l~iruaclf in tlle centrc, surrooudcd by tl~cunbelievers wlron~
his bmve arm l~nd slaugl~tel.ecl. [And innsmuch .xi Ilo
rode on a whit(? horse ~LIICI fouglit tht Jny in whit;? nrmoiu;
tl~e ido1:ltcrs who knew St. Gregory to hve fought in such
costunic, boasted that they had slain the lxiglit of the whib
nrlllouls, who wa,s the bulwnrlz of tha CI~ristinns.*] Tllere
mas, ill the plxe of this conflict, soruc stubble which thc
rcnper lmtl left after the c:m hnd becn out oif a short time
bcf'ore, bnt the T11r1is I d rusl~ed ovcr it in 6ucll n~uliit~~clos,
and tl~is single cl~nmpion hat1 held (j~ttSO long npinst
tllem, that the fieltl ill wllicl~ they etooil was wLolly trsml~letl
to dust, and shceeJ no signs of' a crop of corn evcr 11aving
grown there. It is wid, there were some wllo sprinl;lccl the
lilnbs of the ded Inan with ilusl, which they sftcrwa-rds plnccci
cm their owu hendq Eclieving tl~at they clcrivcd force from
the contact ; and oue man, ns is said, Inox ardcnt than the
rest, cut off' certain n~crnlers of the illan, and kept tLem for
his own use, that even tl~ollgl~ :Led they rnight percllanco
produce a successor to such disting~~isllcd valour.
AT this ~ictory Saladin rcjoiced greatly; and fired with
tllc ambition of gnini~~g tllc Iiingclom tor~~ed his tho~ights
to rjt,ill greakr deeds. Uut that fu 111re nges may lis~o~v
more of this persecutor of the Chri~tinn name, I will
prcniise n fcw partic~lr~rsof his origin, as far as the
Ijrevity at wl~icll1 aim will allow. I-Ic was cjf tho race
of the &Iir~ullrroni, tl~c son of parents who verc not noble,
th~gli not z plel~eiall of obscure birth. 13s I'ntl~cr W:LS
collccl Job, and his own nmne wxi dosel:h. For nccortling to
* l'l~is passap is omitted in some copirs, and is very lilcely to be
spurious, iUay we not red St. George instead of St. Gregory ?

72 ITINERARY OF RICIlALtD I. [B. I. C. "i.
ae tradition of Mr~l~omet, it is customsry among many of the
heathens, when tliey circulncise their cllilclren, to give tllcim
Hebrew names nlso ; but their princes, that they nlny be
admonished by their names to be zealous defenders of he
Jfnllometzn Ianr, take their own n:uncs froel the very nailla
of tll:~t low. Now, law in tlleir Iangunge, is I-I:din. I-Ience
S:~ladiois SO c:~llcd2s the upl.ioltIer uf the LZW; md, as our
princes we called either emperors 01. kinp, so theirs are called
su!b.ns (soldnwi), it were sold-dorninnnts.* Now Salstljn,
nnder hror:din, sulbn of Dainmcus, as a first oluen of his
_
power, began by mising an iufnnlous tribute for hirnucjf out of
tl~cvennl cou1~te7ana of that city ; for he would not allow the111
.to exerci-e their profe::sion until tliey hncl first purchasctl of
hi111 a license. 'Whatever money he obtniued by this bme
p::tronag&, he lsvivl~ly expended on playcrs, and so unclel- tho
;ha of Inrgeus, hc conce:ded tlie design of obtaining the vennl
hvour of tho multitude. 1-10was led to nspiro at sovereignty by
thc prediction of a cerbin Gyriau, that Ire sl~onlcl obtain the
gove~m~cnt of Damascus tiud Baby1on.j- Thus 11c a~x-mged in
Iris own mind the cliferent steps to power, and soon bqnn to
ail11 at niore tllan s l~i~~gclo~n nf a s d l or limited dimensions.
In process of timc, wheu his years were matured and he was
fit. for rnilitary service, 110 came to Enfriil of Tours, the illustrious
prince of Palestine, to be mantlecl, and nftcr the nlanner
of the Fraulrs received Iron1 him the belt 01kuightl~ood. - '
Cn.1V.-How Saladin seiznl on iAe kingdoms of Egpyl and Damasmu,
with India and other cmodrics.
AT tLat time a certnil~ Mahometan, nmccl Sewnr, goverl~etl
nll Egypt, undcr Molanus, wl~onl tl~cy cnllccl Lord in the
lapage of their country, and lie hod becn cornpolled to pay
tribut.e to Amdric, tL0 victorious king of Jerusalem. Now
Molanus shewed Iiimself ouly three times a year to the Egptiai~a,who
wade adoration to him on thoso occasions, and all 111s
subjects thought liln so powe~.ful, t11:~t it was mid the Kile
overflowed at, his connr~znd. Moreover, in obedience to the
atntutes of the lieathen hw, he had na many concubines xi there
"his must be considered rather as a monkish pun, than as offered for
a derivation of the Sirucenic word.
+ The Babylon referred to is of course Bnbylon in Egypt, now Postuc
the seut of the Patimite khalil-8.

.i
arc c1n.y~in the ycnr, and so pn~sing his life in his barcm, he
g;~vcup a11 tl~c bucincss of bis 1;inylom to Scwar. At tllis
tillre S~~ladln, wit11 his uucle, S:~mc~n, wm scrvinp ill Egypt,
tri~tl by all act of treacl~ery, Ilo put to death Molmns nud
Rwar, ~IIJ illus gniuetl for lri~nsclf t,l~e sovereijinty of Eg,y~jt.
Not long nFter, Nor:lclin clicd, and Saladin, rnnrryin~ the
widow, crl~clld tile lnwfnl hcirs, nnll sccurcll for hin~self
througl~ 11cr thc posse,ision of tl~cir kingdom. T1111s the c:~.])rice
of Iortl~ne broi~gl~t about tl~c crt:hliJ~n~eut of his great power;
sho is nlrle to nlake a, rich nmn out of a poor one ; a gre:Lt
man out of a littlc one ; and n lord 011tof a pe:~ssnt. If tl~in~y
wcre ~rle:~surcd by j~dglll~llt, 311~1not by o])inioll, :111 ~Wthly
power, whic11 ca~7 be pined by tlw wiclied n~lcl the unwo~tl~y,
woulcl bc cstilnnted ns dross. Tlrnt patron of prostitiuteh,
wl~ose poarcr wns among stews, his c:~n~p;~i~ns in a tnvevn, Iris
studies an~hng dice and garlic, is suddenly lifted lip ; Ire sits
nnlong princes, snd is even gvcnter than prince3 ; 11e rules oil
tl~etl~roneof Egypt ; subtlues Dm~~nscas ;occal,ics the Inntl:; OC Ronsia and Gcsyrs, and carries his sovercignI,y to tl~e ccntr,:
of Inch Ciierior. Wherefore he nssnils also and suhlucs lhc
, neiglhouring I;ingtloins, st one time by arms, at another tim 117
deceit, and nixking ouc nlo~~nrcl~y out of severd sceptres, ariw
gn.tcs lo l~i~nself alone the power of so nlnny Itin,;s. Neither is
the tyrmt's cupidity ever gr:rtificd ; the luore Ile gets the 1:1oro
110 covets, nud strives with all Iiis power to occupy the IxnJ.
w11icl1 is the inl~eritauce of our TJord. At length nn opprtu~~iby
wosc fnvouralle to l~is wislles, and he hoped to obtain
w11:~t 11c nevcr befire prcsunwl to 11ol1e for. For Rni~nund,
count of Tripoli, and Gny, the eighth king of the Latins,"
quarrelled for the sovereignty, and a fat$ sedition arose
anwllg tlre people.
Cn. V.-Of lhc iwzmcnsc army with which Saladin allnckcd the army of
the CF~ialians,and caplwrcd ow Lord's elms with the King Guy, and
Awe, and reduced lo su.bmission the Land oJ' Promite.
TIIDopportunity above ~ne~rti~bned at once ronuetl his nu:-
1 itivus mind, and prornis~d l~im s brilliant and sure succc~s.
AJoreovcr it was not ;~ltogetl~er witl~out cause tl~nl 'Ire sultnn
* This mas Guy de Lusignan, king of Jernsalem from 1186 to !191.
'If we co~~nt from Godfrey de Bouillnn, Guy wiu the nin~h,and rrol
eighth, of the Lalin kings of Jerusalem.

for the sins of urcn, pLve over his inlrerit:~nc.e to slnughies
and dcv:wtntion. IV11at need I sny inore ? Ncitlrer the plan
of my work, nor the irnn~ensityof the cnlnlniky, :rllorvs nw
to find Inlrlentnti.ons for all its clet;~ils. However, to sun1 all
up in fcw FPIIPJS,
SO many were bin tliere, su many ~voundetl,
and RO nlnlly cast into prison, that the clsstrnctiorr nf otrr
people drew pity even from the enemies. Tllnt vivifying

1
A.D. 11S7.] SALADIN'S IMWEN~BARMY.
73
~oodof the cross of our salvntjo~l,on wllicl~ our Lord znd
Itc.11cc111cr I~ung, and down w1111sc shaft the holy blooll of
C!I~rist flowed, tl~esign of wllicl~ i~ aJo1~11 0,y :LII~~:]Y, V~IICr:~tcJ
by nien, and t'enrccl by devils, under wl~ose protoctiim
onr men Ilnvc alm;tys bccu victors in ivnr, nlns ! is uow c..:~pturccl
by thc cncnly, nnil tl~e two Letlrcrs ol' the cro~.i, the
Lisl~op of Acre, an11 thc precentor uf our Lord's tvnlb (the
bialrop of St. George), fcll wi~hit, the one sl;~iu, the otlm
;I pisoncr. This way tlw scco~d inilignity, si~rce C!llos~wr;,
Icing of the Persians, which that holy cross CIIJII~CJ for our
sills ; it hnrl reilcc~ned us ~'IVIU the oltl yoke of c:rl.rtivity-,
and now it w,w cnpturecl from us, and soiled by tltc prohe l~nnds of the urlbclicver3.
J& hi111 tlmt Imt1.1 inteiligcnce consitler how fierce niost hnva
been God's wrath, IIOW g~:i~t tlw iniqt~ity of l~isscr\.ants: wl~en
~lolrclievcrs were dcclnc~l les ur~wortby t.l~.n C'l~ristinns to
I)ecou~e its griardinr~s. Nothing ever I~oppeneil so I:i~~lc~rkJrlo
in 311 ancient times ; for ncitlrer the captivity of Cds ark,
nor tl~nt of the kings of J ud:~l~, om con1p:Lre with tl~cnlnrnity of
our ow11 tin~es, by wl~ich the king nnil the gl~riow CNSS :xro
t:~.ke~l
was both estmordil~:~ry nncl Innieutnble, part werc rcscrved
nnlurt to Le plnccil nt the victor's tlispos:~l, part were clis
ptcl~ed wil,ll the sword, n~ld so fonucl a lx~ppy;uul sl~o~.t byrosd
to I~cnven! I ~ I I I ~ otl~orsw I I ~ . ~Regil~nl~lprince of
Antiocl~:he WIPS led iuto tl~c preswce OF tl~c sr~lta~~, nud
tllnt t.y~,nnt, citl~or following the irrrpulse of I& lmsiou, or envious
of the great excellence.: of tile Illan, cut OH' with l~is own
hand thnt ~ct.eran and qcJ head. All the Teu~plar~rs also w IIO
were talien, oscept their 111:wtcr, he ortlere~l to LC decapitated,
wisl~ingutterly to cstenuin;tte tlrose whom he lalcw to be
valiant itbove all ot,hurs in battle. U what f;rith, what
fwvour of ~r~itd was tllcirs ! How mimy ausurned the tonsure
of tbe Tenilpla~s, mid tloc1;ecl eagerly 1.0ui1t.I their
cxecr~tioncrs, joyfnlly presenting their ncclis to tlra sword, in
the pious f~autl of this new coatun~e! Among tl~ese soldiers
of Christ was D Tenrplar, uan~ed Nicholas, who l~ad so
inducell others to napirc to nx~rtyrdon~, th:lt, ly ~WSOII of
tl~cir emulaliou to be beforcl~nnd with him, IIC could I~ardly
sllw:ecl in first obtaining the 111ortn1 stroke vrliich he covetod.
Nor did the Divine mercy witlrl~oltl its mirsouluua manifash-
captive together. Of the other prisoners, rv!~vsoI I I I I I I ~ ~ ~

tion, for during tl~e tl~rce following nigl~l.~, whcn tl~e botlics of
the holy martyrs mcw 1yi11g still u~~bul%xl, a my of cc1csti;il
ligllt sllolle ovcr ~ I I ~ I Ifrom I nbovc.
Wlm~tl~c11oise of LirLtle Ilnd ccnsecl, S;~.l:~.ilin scci~l!: p~iuou~!rs
~i~rridin 1111. :~ll (lircctiu~i~, and tlic grocntl on all sirlc~ c:~)rc~~.c!~l
wit11 tho slniil, lifting up his qycv to 11cavc11, gave tL:n~!is to
God for tl~e vict0l.y which be Iwl pinccl. 'I'l~is was llis 0r:tctice
in d l cnscs; but at ptcsc~~t alnollg otlrcr tllinp, 110 is
repo~tccl to Iwe said, tl~:%t it m:ls not his owl, powcr Lilt our
crimes ivliich had give11 11im the ~iclory ; :ml it was III.OY~J
to be so by the chnmckr of the ewnt.. In ol-l~cr ellx:qclncnts,
our :Lrlny, however niotlernte in sizc, with the Uivinc
aiil :~lwn~ls conquered ; but now, bec;~~l:ic we were not wit11
God, nor God with us, our people were sltngcthcr dcfctctcrl,
ewo brforc the conflict, thougl~ thcy \wrc reckoned :~t IIIU~.~
tlmn 1,000 ltniglits aud more t11~1i 20,C00 hotmen : so entirely
lid the whole force of the Iting:.llom Hocked togcthar
at the Ii.i~lg's corn~~~anll to tl~:~t f:.~tnl en-1r111aig11, that tl~osc
only relnniucrl to gunrcl the cities mil cutlcs, ~ho1-11 we:~l~:~~cs~
of tiex or nso rendered unfit to Lcnr wns. Tlli.; disnstrous
bsttle was fuught on tl~c day of tl~e translation of' St. Blwtin,
and in 0110 nloll~erit a11 t,lie glory of the Iii~rgclom passed from
it and wos ertinguislled. Tho sulhn, tl~crcfurt!, trusting
that the fortresses of the Icingtlom would be earily tdten,
now tl~ot tlleir c1efenilei.s wcre slain, carriccl the captive Icing
in tril~nryl~tl~l.ough tl~c cnstlev of Syriq resewing lliln ns,
n mark for his riclict~le, to bo shewn to tl~e cities wllich
he wisi~cil to hke :ml to cnfwcn their snn.eu(lcr. Wit11
this view lie ~nnrclletl Rrst to Aorc, an11 took it without ;L
blow, gl:wting tlrc citizens lenvc to reiuove tl~cmselves aocl
tl~cir cLt'ccts to wl~atever plncc thcy pleosecl.
CH.V1.-Of lhr ca~~twe of the Chrisliam, who unwady p6 in ad the
port of Acre.
MEAXWI-ITLEour sailors wcrn proceeclinc on their customary
voyage to Acre, corning from ~llristik~ countries, ;MIJ
]:den some with mcrchsndise, others wit11 pilg~irns. AIM !
they 11otl not 11ed wl~nt I d hnppenccl, and tlley entered the
hostile port to be n~arle prisoners. Ih was inrlectl n, sail alestiny:
tlwy hailed tho sight of bnd, wllere chains mere pre­

~~JIONGothers, the marquis, on l~ivwny fro~n C'o~lstantinol'lc,
drollpctl 11is sails o~~tsillc the port of ACW, nnll, n;q it
wns ncnr s~~nset, lny to till the IIIOI.LI~IIF. FOL. t11c silence
wlricl~ prevailed in the city created suspicion, since nt otl~er
timc.: tllcre was a gcnernl sho~~t of congY~tl11:~tioll v'l11'11 any
vcSscl fi,l,lwarccl ; tile ensigns of tl~o st11 txn, scc~ill ~litl'txcnt
parts Of tile city, galre still mow cnnsc for a.pl)~?l~el~sion.
S~,mc of tllo Sarxcu pnllcys were now seen :q)pro:tcbin,y,
but tile yest of tlic crew bccon~ing nli~~.lned, the ~nnrqllis comn~:~~lclcJ
tl~ern to be silcnt, an,\ stool1 forth nu tllcir s~:okesn~nn.
, IVhen, tllcrefore, tllose who were sent aslid wllo tl~cy
were, Ile saitl it was a me~d~antalip, and 110 was thc nli~ster ;
tl~athe I~ad I~enrd wllat I d I~appcned, nnd bcin; a devotctl
serv:tnt of tlte sultan, wo1111l w:~it on Ili~n :~t brcnk of dny
and exhibit his wares. That same night, the win11 bciny
favoor:hle, he snilecl to Tyrc, and untlertoolr the task of
clefentling it : his :~rrival was nlilic a p~.otection to all otl~cr
Christi:~uswho sIto11111 comc, n.ml wo~ll(l 11:i.ve contributed to
hid own glory, if Ile b d only persevered to the end in the
same line of conduct. This wss the mnsquis Conrsd, an
Italian by birth, a man of sinqul:~r activity, and brave in
dl he undertouk." But however noble the bcginning, when
it is tnrnisl~edbyn clisgraccf~~l cncl, it mcrits s11:~rne rather
than glory.
Tl~c sultan, after the cnptnre of Acre, followed by the
surrender of Berytus and Sidon, expected to take Tyro
with the same ease, but wu sl~suiefdly repulsed from its
walls, nnll raised the sicgc.
* Conrnd was the son of Willinrn Ill., marquis of Blontferrnt ; he had
given powerful tissistnnce in qnellil~gn rebellion nt Constmtinople, and in
reward lmd received the hnd of' the emperor's sister.

S,\LADIN, tnlii~~g the king wit11 him, procecdctl tl~cncc to
'\sc:%lon, nncl plantin: his n~acllincs ftw tl~rowin~ stones, Irc,g:l.n
t,o wsail it. The tow is easy to be taken if defcndcil I,y
a weak prrison, tllongh its great strcngtl~ rcilrlera it i~lvirlciblo
if snficiently garrisoned. The insatiable invmler, c;t~cr
abovo all things to obtnin this city, neverthellcss distru:

I
Crr. I.-How Saladin besicycd Tyrr by sea and land
NOW tlre qucw, who mas the rlnogllter of ICi~lg Slnxlric, nr~tl
was n:~.rrletl Sibiil:~ Logetlw wit11 Hcrnclius the potri:wch, tile
Tcn~l~l;~rs, tl~c ITclspit;rllers, and nn iu~~~~enso multitude of lellowerilcs,
discctd tl~eir course towzrds Antioeh. ITOWsl~e11:~tla
sad i~~tariew :~tNe;~polis with the captive king II~I-l~nsbantl,
ad how the. n~:~rquis violently mrsicrl oiT to Tyre the ship ill
whch rl~ci~~tenclcc-1 f.3 ornlxtrl;, brovity compeh us to ~ I , W
over. Uut we n~ust :lot omit to ~naniiolr how Snlnclin, bnr~~i~~g with clcsirc to trike t,lm city of 'ryre, went qninst it a sew11i.1
time wid1 all his army, and not content wit11 besieging it Ijy
li~rld, Ile blocldeJ it fro111 the sen with bis gxlleys, and pre-
parcil to ;~(;t;~cil; it on cucry sitle. Thnt ~lotl~ij~g might be left
in tric~l, Ile !)rough t fww:rld the rnmqois's father, mllm he l~atl
talicn pisonos ill tllc bnttlc Lsfore mentiolled, trusting h t the
son,moved liy flid nff'cctio~~:.cvodJ gi ce up the city in n:cclm~ge
for his pnro~~t,. At ouo n~ornent he ofFers him in exchnnge, at
another he threntene him .wit11 11e:~th, and tries various ulenns
of working Irpon his fcelinp. Ail, I~on'evcr, is in v:cin, for c1t.1:
III~~C~I~S, intlcxible, cleridc.; I~is oa'crs 2nd clespises his tl~renh.
Wl~c~~evoc, to rnove i!is con~!mssiou, they sl~ow him his f:~tlrer
in cl~p~ins, IN immetli~~taly scixes ;I Enlish, and aiii111sR sllni't
obliquely towi~rds Ili~n, i~~tcnding ;udc.ed that his haad slrall
err, bnt I'eigfiing to take good :~irn. Ard when tl~e.su!tnn's
messenge~s mnle to tlrcnlcn th:~t his father should Ee shin,
11n repiied h t liz wi~l~cdit by all means; that tl~e
-xicl;ed marl, arier so rmny cri~nes, ~nig:~t at length find a
goot1 enll, ancl he ~r~ig!~t bilimlf bw: :a martyr for his fnt.l~er.
Th11s the lyr:~nL, fxiling in his aspcctntion of gaining the city
by thcsc lt:c:rns, tlie~! I~is fwtur~rr ill anotl~er way; RII~where
an.:, f:~i!ed, cleterminctl to see wlx~t cor~lcl Be clone by arms.
TYre is .;it~~;~,to~l in the 1~en1-t of tl!e sos, and is s3rrotrnded

.. OIL all sidcs by walls. A sndl part of it, wllere it i.1; not
\~fi.sI~cclby the waves, is furtifwd by scvcuul lines of walls.
It w,zs once famous for its kiqs, a~ld pvc birtb to the
f.:unders of Thebas and Cartllacc. Wlren Solo~nr~u was 1ti11g of
Jnclrn~, Tyre 11id licr own sovereign, ant1 tl~ou~lr sl~crnxx then
tlle I~cnd of her own tlonlinions, in 1~1,occss or' t.ilile sl~c: Im:~.olc!
:L pnrt of the liingclom of Jeru.~:Jcu~. l'hia c.it.y its c

Aarn~c: other things we think it o11;;11t not to bc psc:i
.>\rc~.in silzncc, that EIenryj Icing of Y~~glnntl, h:ld formerly
tI(,i~ositedn. hrgc SIIIII of moncy with tl~c Te~riplars ant1 Ilos-
pi~:dlcrs,to defend Tyre, an11 provitle for other ~n:lttcrs cont,c!n~in;
the Iringclom. This money t11:lt ~ung~rificcnt Iting, by
;L provision as pior~s s . .
nccessnry, I~ntl tr:~n,kmi ttccl to Jcr~~enlcn~,
t:l!rln,g a period of Inmy yeus, to Ire 11sc11 in the service US the
Uoly Land : its total, x is snitl, z~uou~~ted to 30,000 marli~.
Yo\\. Snlatlin lenving Tyre, occupieil se\wd cxdes
i : ~Pnlcutinc, nncl tl~cncc n~arcl~ccl with rnpitlity into tl~c
c:ouniry rounrl Autiocl~; nncl to~lli, by msndt c~llrcr tlmn by
sicgc, Gebcli, Lnoclicea, :w,1 scv~ral other fortresses of tl~~t
l~r~~vince. Tl~c city itself wns tliiown into no sn~all alsrni ;
Li~fthe l)atri:arcl~ and princc, wit!) tl~e c,onlmon cmsent of
tl:c citirns, i~ronlised the tyrmt to s~~nen~ler, if Bey sl~o~rl~l
nc;G wit,lii:i n given pcrioll recei\-e the nssistaoce whic11
thzy expcctctl. Inconmln.l)lc vionltL I~ave Imn the g1.f
r;i' nll Cl~rist's follorve~~, if a city so renomnecl, and lionourcil
11y tlit lirst origin of the Christinn nnlllc, hacl again Imome
>i~ll!jcct to the i~npnrc heatban, whom, after :I, long and tlrentlful
~:Ii:~uce of war, our vict~rious troop hat1 formerly cspclled.
Tt~lt. whence are tlre expcctcrl reinforcements to cam? ancl
\i.!~c:i or how shall they conle 1 T h e is no road open for
11121nI)y land, and the sen. is bloc1;ntleci by their enelnies.
TI.,: ships of the Christinnv nbstnin from np1~roncl1ing~Or
5.::;. of fr~llingamcng the gzellcys of the unbelicver~, whicl~ tl~r~y
Sce 1::iirg in wait for tl~eni. But whi~t tl~c Lord has rcsolvecl
:;I mrc, wil! not bc allowetl to pe~islr. Bellold, tl~o hold-for
trr,!b:>s arrive ! tl~c erpect.erl ones nrc co~ni~~g ! Lo ! Willimn,
f.!~,! i!lust.:ioa~ king of Sicily, scncls tl~c first auxiliaries to tlia

-..3. llS7.1 TnE ASSISTANCE TO nrr: noLif LAimJD.
fi 83
I~Iuly Lnntl, consisting of two earls, five huncl~d higl\L:j,
;u~tl lif'ty gnlleys !
CA.SIV.-I$W:U William, king of Sicily,srnds Mniyavitus wilhjff~,)
galleys and five ku7rtlred Xuiglrls la Ilu amista71ceuj' the EIo(y Laud.
To ml~on~else, then, can we give the: lory of 11a\,i11g
s;~vecl Antioch, Tripoli, and Tyre, but to Him WIIO p~'eservc(l
' fro111 faruine and the sword thc iuhal)itants of tl~cse citir:$
sccurc in his strengtli 2 At tho 11c:~d of tl~e royal flcet W:IS
Mn.r,s:~~.it~~s, a yery Gave man, who, proceedi~ig in atlvancc wi~h
tl~e gnllc,l.s, repressed piratical a.ttcmpts ; nn11 I~avi~!~ a~ccrtni11~11
tl~at the coast was clear, cncouragetl the otllers to follow
Ilim. l(eeping in clleolc thc distant islands, and happily
csc:zl~iliz all the dangers ol the sen, 11e Iiad gaincd such crc~lii
by his nunlerous victories, that W:L~cnllcd the king of tl~o
sea, nn~l by so~nc a sccontl Ncptur~c. Alrendy Tripoli
:~~pcarcdin sigl~t to lis sailors: the citizcnr:, on ~11 otl~t::,
linllcl, bel~eld in the ilistsnce his sprcatling sails. l'l~ougll
they conic the I~cralcls of snfcty, yct fear, that worst proyllo::..
tieator at criticnl n~oments, raises npprchc~~uions. Withoub
dclay they man tl~eir vc~lls sutl mount tl~c b~llwarli~, unccrtain,
however, whchr to offer n, surrender or to try tllc
cliance of battle. Uut whcri the sllip nrrive ncar, ar~Jtl~!ensigns
of the Cross nncl ohher emlrlcn~s of tile Christi:~~~
religion are beheld on tlici~ lofty stcrm, a loud shout is
raiscd; the waves echo the sound of their iiiutunl congriztul,z..
tions ; tl~c shore is coverccl with tlie crowds n.110 Bock to mect
them, and joy u~ispcnknhlc fills the brexats of all. AIII~U~
otiicrs, Hcrvy of Dnritzic, cspecially clistingnished by t,i~o
celebrity of his dceds, contlddes his vct,crna wisdom to tile
defence or t1i:lt Innd ; and so in a .;l~orttime, Jnnny n. vali:~~it
Land flo~liecl thither, and the coast was preserved froin the
power of tlie cnemy.
TIIEREis a ~~ille cnllerl ICmtluum, where once stood tl~e
city of Petms. It is still a ~netropolitm sce, and the prc1n.t:.
of it, ret,zini~~x 11is mciei~t title, is still cd!ell the nrcl11~i.sl~u;)
of Petras. 'I'l~is G~stle, lying in the ixmermost parts of the
G 2

kingflom, -war long held in sicge by the ntlmi~~als of tho sultan.
If il were not for fni~~inc, wllich conqucrs a,ll placcs IIOIVCVCY
secure, this fortross would I I imj~rr.;;~~alrlc.There ~
is :tiso ;I
cn5tle cnIlec.1 Mon~it Royi~I, di.:tnnt nbout twenty lengr~es f'ron~
el~c albrc?snid city, lying Furtl~cr townds &:y pt. Ab%instt ttl~i~
alsn tllc sultnri had sent his :t(l~nir:~is at tl~cbeginning of tile
war; trusting to red~~ce it by f:minc, tho~~glr IIC could not by
nnns. Thy did not, tllcrefore, ercct n~acllines or try to ns.sa111t
it; for it rvoulcl be ridiculous to try to sc:dc I~cnven and to
wrry by storui s place which conltl not he apprm~cl~ccl. T11c
siege Kns protracted tmo yc:us, nlm onr pcq~le Lcpn to fix1
w:~nt, and they clitlur(:d all the 111)rrorswl~icl~ the Slxtniwdu
arc said in ancient Limes to luve sufl'crctl nt Pap~ntnrn or the
Ilomanr? at Pernsiuni ; but they still I.:cpt up their cournqe,
uor dicl they docline to e:~tfuotl at wliicli nun's wual l~nhts
and nature revolt. Pntl~crly :l%?ction rcnomces its ~ights;
love, too, l~ccds 110 louger what it 11x1 once deli,gl~tecl in;
the fntl~er rejects his wn, the son his decrepit parents, and
the hosbnnd his ncmly-n~arried bride. They are drivcu out
wceping from the walls sncl exposed without protection to tl~c
enemy, that the rernsining stock of food may the longer maintain
the fighting men. At Inst, worn ont and half dead with
I~unger, they enter into terms of capitnlntion, bat yet such as
huonr would s:~nctiou ; for thy ubtninecl n free passage for
thcm~elvesand liberty for tllcir lord Itcmfricl of Tours who
11:111 Ilccn tnlcen prisoner. Ey a similar fortune, Ocrarcl de
llitl~leforcl, master of the Te~nplc, wns 3.130 re1e:~sed ou the
snrwntlcr of cwtnin fortres:ics; mcl the fi~il~cr of the marquis
ol)tni~~c,l his liberty ir: excl1:~11gc for scrnie of the Mahomutlnn
cnptivcs.
CH.XV1.-ROW Saladin, e,xlolling the Imu of Mahornet. is reproved 3y
a jesler.
SAT.AD~N by tllcse lncnns had rot. poswssion of nearly all
the I;inzllon~, ant1 evcry thing succccdc~l to his wishes. Elevated
with his pro~ltl triornpl~s, Ite t::ll;cd in magnificent Cenns
of the lnw of I\l:~llon~et, and pointed to the rcsult of Itis enterprise
3s a proof t11:~t it mas supcrior to the In w of Christ.
Tl~esc i~~snlcot vn.unts lie oftcn tllrow out in the prcscnce of
the C)llristjan~, nuc of wlionl, well Iiilt)wn to him for his lorl~~ncity,
on s ccrhiu occ:~.iion, i11slrim1 Ly tlic All~~igl~ty, t~in~cd

A A
this buve Iilnni who111 IIC l~nd chosen to LC he first inciter of
the otllcrs, ~,cservecl him, oftcr thc other pri~lccs were clc:rcl 01:
rct~~rucd to thcir own country, to ncbicvc his grcnt woil;.
Sonic hime alter, Philip, king of Pt.nncc, :~ncl Hci~ry, king of
Englnncl, hl;c the cross n.t Ciisors, follomecl by thc nobles of
I,otl~ kingdirlns, with nurnbcrs of the clergy nnd laity,-n!l,
with qud nslfirntions, bcnt ul)on the saint: cl:.sigu. So gm~t
w3s the ndour of this ncw pilgrimcage, that it wo.s no longer
o quc-tion who would tnkc thc c,i.oss, but who lmd not yet
tnl;cn it. Seveld person9 scnt a present of n disinff ancl wool
to one snotl~cr, as a sigxilicnnt hint that whosoever dccli~icd
the cnnlpoign would dcg~~ile l~i~ilself 3s rnocl~ as if hc clicl thc
thrtics of n, wouin.n : wivcs 11rgcd tlleir I ~LIS~III~S, motllers thcir
son5, to devote tllc~nselvcs to tl~isnoble contest ; and they oniy
~cyxtted lllai thc n.rnl;ncss of thcir sex pltvcntcd ther~isclves
from going dso. The renown of tllis evpeditio~i spread so

estrurdinarily, that many nligmted Srorn the cloister to the
c,znlp, and exchanging the cowl for the cui~ass, sl~emed lhemsulvcs
truly Christ's soldiecs, :mtl qnittinS their libraries for
tl~e ~tncly of arms. The prelates 01 the churches publicly
pr~cnchetlto one another the virtuc of fistinence, ndmonisl~ing
:dl men that, laying :~sicle all cxtravagnnce in eating and
tlrcw, they sl~ould reArain horn tlieir wcustomed luxuries.
It wns agreed also boll1 a~tio~lg tiobles and bishops, hy colnrnou
conscnt, that to nl:sint,zin the pilgrims who were poor, those
who remained at home shoalcl pay tithes of their property ;
LIIL the fl:qitious cupidity of mmy toolr advantage of this to
1:~y1len.v-y nnd i~ndue cvnctions upon their subject:>. In those
rhys Willi~m, kiny of Sicily, to tho lot of mortality ;
tmtl his cle3th was the cause of so much the greater sorrow to
dl tlic f:rithful, bec:~use he had always Been pron~pt and ready
to lend mistance to the T-Ioly Lad.
(31-1. XVII1.-The mperw of the Romans (Fredwic Barbarossa) lakes
the cross.
INprocess of time, Prederic, the Roman emperor, assrlmed
' tile insignia of the holy pilgrimage, and displayed, both out-
\vrdly in his dresrs, and inwardly in 11is henrt, the bnn of n
true pilgrim. So great a king, whoso empire wm bo~lnded on
the south by the Mediterranean Sen, on the north by the
Northern Ocean, whose glory was augmented by continual victories,
whose fortune had experienced no check, resigns every
pleasure aid blandishment of the world, and I~unibly girds on
his sword to fight for Christ. I-lis brawry, c,~pecially in his
ileclining years, is no less to be wondered at than pixised ; for
though 11e was an old man and had sou% whose age and
valour seemed better aJs11ta.i to military service, yet esteeming
tlwm insufficient, he took upon himself the charge of clefeuding
Cl~ristienity; but when his sons urger1 him to let I,liem
discharge the tnsk which. he haJ u.ndertalien, either in his
stcnd or in his company, he leR his e'ldest son to govern his
cn~pire, and the younger, wlrom he had crentcd rhlx of
Snnl~in, he took with him on tho ~\spedition; nncl becnusc tl~c
impcrinl majesty never asvails any one without sending a, definlice,
but alw:~ys gives notice of war to his enemies, n. 11er:llcl
' is ~lispntc!~eJfrom the enlperor to Salaclin, calliiig upon him to
give full s~tisfactioir to Cl~ristentlorn, wl~icli he hns injured, or,
failing to do so, to prepre hirnae!f for war.

A.D. 1197.1 BARBAROSS~

I
Wc tl~inliit rigl~~ to i~lsertiu otlr history the letter which
Siilndin sent, in reply to the foregoing. TIlc proud bonsting
of the tyrant, rnl~iohhe I~ntlcol~ccive(lin his opposition, is
stltticiently lnmifest in it. IIowc?ver, we give it in the siiuplo
i'wm of vortls in whioli it vns written, witlluut cll;a~gin(;2
syllable of it.
We ~ ivec~niiond tlianks to Ilim, whosc Tmce is over 211
the world : wc pray tll:~,t he may pour out his inspiration
oeer all his prophots, nud espccinlly on our teacher, his iNC3-
,wuger thc pt~~phct., &[:tl~on~el, wl~om Iic sent lo teadl Lhc trw
law, nliicl~ lie will mnlcc lo nppenr aluvc all Inws. But we
~:lnlx it Itnow to thc sincere :LM~puwc1-fi11 liiilg, 0111. gmtt,
snliabble fricd, t.he ISng of Goro~:lay, that :I, crrtnin 111:111,
11:1t11edHenry, cmno to us, profezsing to bc your elivoy, :LTI~~
he gave ue 21 lettcr, which IIC said was fro~n~OIILLuld. WC

I
caused the letter to bc read, and me 1ic:~rtl him spcnk by word
of inoutlr, and to thc words which he spnlic: by word of mo~~t.i~
wc auswercd also in words. But tl& is tlle n,nsn7ar to yonr
1ctter:-You en~lnicmte tlrose who me leagued will1 you to
cmle against us, nntl yon name them antl say-the king of
this 1m.l aucl the king of llrnt Imcl-this count and thnt count,
311d such nrchbisl~op, n~xrrll~isw, n.nd Icuights. I3u.t if wc
-&lled to enumerate tl~ose who :Ire ill our service, and who
listcn to our comnumtls, antl obey our wordy, nod woultl fig+!;
for us, this is a, list wlrich could i~ot be reduccd to writing. If
you reckon up the nn~r~cs of the Christians, the Swens % nrc
Inore numerous slid IIIZIIY tinm more nrulreruus than the
Cl~ristifins. If tlrc scn lies betwm~ us a1~1 tlro~c whm you
name Clwistinns, thcrc is no sm to separate the 8slacens, who
ca~lr~ot be nuntbered ; Iretween us nnd those who will colric to
ail1 LW, tlwc is no imj~edin~cnt. Wit11 11s are tile Be~louins,
who would be qnitc sufl.iciunt sinxly to opposc ow
enemies; and the Tw.l;onia,ns, who, w~niclcil, con111 destroy
tlten~: evcn our i)emnnts, if wewerc to bid tl~ein, would fight
bi-avely against tl~c nations which shonld conlc to ir~vndoour
country, nucl moulcl despoil them of tllcir ricl~esand estcrn~ini~te
thelu. What ! have me not on our side tl~c warlilic Eoltlwii,
by whom we ha-re opened an11 giined the la~rd, and driven olrt
our enemies ? Tl~cse, and all the kinp of I'aqanisu~ will rloL
bo slow whcn we sldl sunlrnon them, nor dehy whe~i wo
slrnll all them. And wl~enevcr your armies sbdl be ns..;errlbled,
according to tl~c import of your Ictter, a11J. you slrall Ic:d
tllcu~~, a3 your messcl~gcr tcks us, wn will ll~wmeet you in
the power of God. Nor will we be sntishl with the land
which is on the scz-cu:i:jt, but wc will cros~ over with 2011's
goo11 pleasure, snd will td

tians, in the land of Dnlnnsclls, and in the land of ll~e Sirrncens;
iu cnc11 l'ortless tlicrc a lord who d,uclied his own
intere~ts. You Iinowllow tile Christians endl time rcturncd,nncl
to wliat an issue they cnnlc. But these our pcople are nsscmbled
togcthcr wit11 their countries, and the Lord \I= nssocintecl
with US countries in ahmid:~nce, and unitcd then1 far and wii!e
uucler our power: Babylon, with its clcpendencies, and tl~e
lnutl of D:~mascua, and Jerusalem on tl~c sea-coast, and the
land of Qesireh witb its cmtles, and the land of Roasia with
its depcndencics, and the Lznd of India with its dependencies
-by the grxe of God, all this is in our I~ancls, mcl the midue
of the Saraccnic kings is in our empire. For if we were
to cornman3 the illustrious Itinp of the Snmcens, thcy
woulcl not withdraw tthenisclves from us. And if we were to
arlrnonisli the calipli of Bagdad (whom God preserve) to conlc
to our aid, he would rise from the throne of Iris grant cn~pirc,
nu11would come to Iiclp our excellence. We have obtainecl,
also, by the virtue and power of God, Jerusalem and its
territory ; and of the three cities wl~icll still remain in tllc
l~ancis of the Cliristians, Tyrc, Tripoli, and Antiocl~, nothing
remains but that we should occupy them also. But, if you
wish for mar, and if God so will of his good plcasure that we
occupy the whole 1:incl of' the Christians, me will meet you in
the power of the Lord, as is written in this our letter. But,
if you nslc us for the boon of pence, you mill conitnand the
warders of the three yloccs :~bove mentioned to deliver tliem
up to us witliout resistance ; and we will restore to yo11 the
linly cross, nnd will liberate all tlro (ihristinn captives n~lio
are in all OIIP territories; and we will be at pcxe with you,
2nd will allow you to inve oue priest at the sepulchre, an3 we
mill restore the alhc,ys whicli uscd to be in the time of
Pnqnnis~n," and will do gootl to them, a d will permit tlie
pi!grims to come during all olrr life, and we will be at 1)e:~ce
wtli you. Brit if the lctlcr whiclr came to us by tlie Ilsnd
of I-Ic~iry be the letter of the king, we ba.ve written this Iettkr
for nrlsver, and ma,y (God give us counsel according to his will.
This lcttcr is mitten in thc ycnr of the conling of our propllet
Mnlmnet 5S4, by the grace of thc only God. And
* This letter has evidently becn translnted out of the original Snrarenic
wit11 refercnce to Cliristinn notions : n Sar;uxn would hnrdly hnvc described
his own faitll by the word "paganism."

A D. 1 JS7.1 THE EMPEROIL'S ARMY.
may God save our prophet Mahornet ant1 his race, and may
he save the sdvetion of our Saviour, illnstrio~~s Lord, and
victorious Icing-; tl~egivcr of unity; the true word; the adornor
of the standard of truth ; the corrector of the world and of the
lnm ; sultan of the Saracens and Pqans; the servitor of the
two holy houses, and of the holy house of Jerusdem; the
father of victors ; ~oscph the son of Job; the reviver of the
pr0ge11y of Murmurm~us
!*
CH. XXX.-Haw the ernpmor Fredm'c Barbaros8a assembled his amy
Ihroughoul Huuyary.
THISletter of the proud and faitl~less tymnt, with its nb.
si~rdities, the rmgnif cent empcror treatccl with conteinpt; and,
filled wiL11 indipntion wolthy of a prince, prepared all his
forces for the war. The princes of all the empire followed
him, and when they were n~st at Mayencc, according to
the imperial edict, all of then1 joined with one ncclnim in
taking the vow of so noble a pilgrimage. This ww tho
Lord's doing, of EIim whose inspir~~tion blowetli where it
listetlr, who inclincv the 11emts of men nt his will. For theso
great prillces were neither allured by e desire of vain glory,
nor inrlnced by bribes or entrcntics, but solely by desire of
the heavenly rewnrd : by the Lord, and the Lord alone, werc
tl~ey led to huclde on their n.nnour for this warfare. For
the loftiness of the heavenly wisdolu hat1 provided that, as
they were enlisted of tlicir own free will, they reucleretl a
service agreeable to God, and the imperial mzgnilicsnce .nxs
accompanied by a. train of worthy folJowers. Thus, then, led
by the Holy Spirit, tllcy Boclcccl together on every side ; and
whoever could hwe seen so many nations and princes under
one co~nrnauder, must have believed that thc ancient glory of
Rome was not yet departed. In this army of Christ were
pontiffs, clul

Trre Ihg of thc Hnucprisnr;, Bela by umne, caine ont mi tll joy
to nlcet the enlgeror. He was :L man ~II~I.I\TCC~ l)y nature with
many good qnnlitics ; tall in statow, of n nolde countcnnr~cc,
possessing n colutiantion of virtues, and worthy of tl~c Iiighcst
panegyric ; who, if 11e llnd no other merit, would Lc thought
worthy of sovereignty by his dignified nppenrnnce. EIe
received Christ's army with hospitdity, met tLeiii in a hiumplianl
procession, and followetl them with pot1 will, tcsti-
Eying by his deeds the fcrvonr of his frienilr-.liip. The pcople in
large nuuibess, burning wit11 their sovcreig~i'e c:xmplc, conteniplate
the swred army and are cnger to enlist; they look
forwards to the prizes of tlic armbat, and fcxl .. , ilnllgers : at
once they form the wish, tl~ey tnlie thc vuv, and fullom with
the nnli,y, so that it is eviclcnt the working.s of I-Ioly Ins11il.n-
5011 knew no inll)ctlirncnt or dcIay. Crossing tl\e Danube
they ~enched tbo furtl~est passes of Cr~lgnri:~., wl~erc I-III~:~,
Alnns, Bulgnrinns, nntl Pi~lccnntcs rushed suilt~c~~ly from tlicir
anlbusli upon the Lord's iost, encourypl to tl~c sttacli by tile
ri~;gell niicl in:~cccssiBle n:~ture of thc ground.
T ~ Eoullet Irom Bulgniia into M:rcetlonin is furtifcrl
on 110th sides by high rocks, covelwl with t1101w nncl
basl~es,through wl~icl~ wind n;lrrow and i.ilpgcd pths. To
tlrcse the inlinbitnnts 1l:we ncl~lell lul'ty :~rti(ic.inl tlcfcl~ces.
Time pixscs were seizcd by the nstious bcfore mentioned,

1
I
A.D. 11 57.1 BARB.IROSSA CROSSING Tne DrwunE. 93
who had been sent for this purpose by the miclxd emperor
Conrncl, tl~nt they might dcstroy the wmy, or at Icnet stop
its further npproacl~. Our soldicm, IIUWOV~I',
overmne both the enctny and the rod, autl l~z~~i~lg t,lll.~ll!:h
Mnccdonia, :wri ~ cdat Philil)l~opoli:d,n city \vl~ic.ll 1 ~ ~ 1 1
before bccn cnllcd Pull~udcl):~, but Locllc tlln t1:.l.nle of I.'!llilppopidis
in l~or~our of the nolnnn en~pcror Philip, who :itsst oL'
all the eniperors becar~~e a Christian, ant1 by the proSw-i~,li of'
the CI~ristinn t~itlt conferred ot1tlition:d lustre upol! tllc*. in(perinl
clignity. The Grccks, Lenriyg of the applnnch !ihc
Liltin ar~uy, deserted the city, fearing wl~crc them )\.;I.* ,lo
need of fr!nr ; for wllicl~ their only rcnson wn,9 tl~t tl~oy t:~retl
311 wlio~n they dill not love : for the pilgrirus 11nd not clme LI,
plunder others, as they l~ad srttiicicnt of their own ; nor II:III t11t.y
taken :iruls against tile fitllful, but only to crush the er130rs of
:In infi~lol rncn. But the :mcicnt and inexor:hle hatred \\-l~ic;ll
the Cheeks entortailled of old qi~inst the Lntius, Iml I)~!I,II
1l;mdcd down by tl~c tenacity of ages to their. poster it.^. if
a motive or reason of tl~is enmity be soogl~t--
It were no wrong, if it a plea had found."
COU~'%~W!IRIY
Yet this may, perhaps, be tlrged as: an excuse, that wherea~
the Latins wcre flourishing in arts on11 ar~~~s, they tbemselve$
were: altogetl~er ignorant and unwnrlilte : this gi ves a motive
to their enmity, and they pine with jealousy :~t the prosper it!^
of otllcrs. They are a perlicliou~ race, a, wicked genelxtiou,
and uttorly deg,.enc~,ate : thc rnorc illustrious they once were,
tl~emore signnl is tl~eir d~+yd:ltion ; their gold is converted
into tlross, their wheat into chxff, their purity to filth, tbeir
glory to corwption. The old Greeks attempted and iw~~eved
much, both i~iarts and arm; but all their zeal for virtue Ilia
cl~illed in tllcir posterity an3 hrw passed over to the Latins, so
tlmt where once werc fountnius tl~cre now are rivolets, or
rztl~er, dry nntl esbausted cl~annels. Their ~rirtues hnve found
no heirs, but their crimes many ; tlwy still retain the deceit of
Sinon, lhe lhlscnesv of Ulyrises, anJ the atrocity of A treus. 11 I
be nslted cl~nccrning their lnilitary science, this turns on strattngems
rntller tlnn on battles ; if concerning their good faith, tho
nlnn sl~oulcl bewore who 11:sthem for his fricncls, though their
hostility can do hirn no Ilorm. Tlmt ontion, unsble to ~~npcde
the march OF our army nt the nfosevaid psses, did what lay

in their power to do it : dl the natives fled to the monntnintops
nncl carrier1 witb them every comfort wl~icl~we could
Imvc Bought of tl~em for money, lcnving ti:& cmpty Ilouscs
without an article of fcudme in ther~r to our nrnry tht wa9
npproncling. The enlperor indccd, on thc plc:~,of' pcncc, lia,I
nlrcncly scnt forwards the Lisl~olr of Miinster, with sorlle
other princes, to Coustnntiriople; but tl~c wicked and crucl
t.yyr.a.nt cast them in to prison, daring to violato the sanctity of
:LII a.mLnr*mlor, which, evcn snlol~g barlxuians, llns becn rc­
spected from all antiquity by the ssl~ction of uwge nntl the
1:~~s of IIOUOUI~. Afterw:~rd!i, Ilomeve~-, influc\n::ccl lnorc by
feitr than z rrebnrcl for riglit, he relensecl tl~c ombnssndorv from
prison; for he feared the destruction of his capital if 110
slro111d not spcedily pacify our wmth. It would h:we I~ccn
right, indeccl, that the city shoulcl hnve been r:ized, evcrr to tho
gl-ound; for, if we believe rel~ort, it was pollutetl by ucw
n~osq~~es, which its perfidio~~s emperor :cllowetl to bc
built, that Ire might strcngt.11t.n the Icngue ml~ich he Iml
entered into with the Turks. Tlie scwon of the year mns now
ripcnir~g townrds arrtumu, nnd the constcllation Libm wns
ldaocing tl~e d:~y and nigl~t in newly cqunl lengths. Tllc
mngnificent en~peror of the Rolnans marcl~ctl to tnlie up lis
winter-quarters nt Adrinaoplc, whicl~IIC found empty and
deserted hy its inl~nl~itnlrts. Ifcre Ile tcolr up his position,
mid waited for the smson wllcn he should lend his army
forwards.
THEduke of Su:\bis, son of the. empcror, fcnring lcst cme
slroulrl protllice Inxury, nnd luxury gencrote indolence, dctcr-
~ninedto find em.ploy~ncnt for the army during the ir~activity
af wiutcr ; nnrl for this purpose, he formed n pl:~,n lo sl:orn~n,
fort re:;^ wliiclr wns situated nt no grmt distance from tile
nforesaicl city. Tl~c 3reeBs had mscmbletl topthcr in it,
trr~sting in it3 fortifications, t11n.t tl~cy might from the~lcc
ii~ct t,hcir scllerncs against the Lntins; but in this esprceh
tion they wcre cor~foundcd, for tlrey were spcetlily defratc~l
an? valrquislicd, thrown into chains and kept prisoners.

n.D. I I 87.1 FIZEDERIC IN GREECE. 95
-*
When the Byauntine emperor I~enrd of these things, lie fea.red
timt sonlctl~ing still worse wo~~lil Ilal~l)en; and, apprcl~cndi~~;.
thc tlcstruction of all his e~npirc, Ilc l~nstily sallt :unl)irss;vIors to
om emperor, pro~lising Iiostag~s for pence, a niarl

isl~op~, one arcl~bisl~op, two dulics, nineteen counts, and three
mnrcluises ; and this splendid army secmcd neither to l?avc
had its likc bcfore or IL~~CI..h t to prevent clisafcction or COIIfesion
iu so large a Inass, tl:c wide ariily wns clirided illto thl.c:o
bodies: tl~c first wss led by the clnlie of Suabia, the lmt by
the ernporor, tll:rt i11 the cc11t1.e wns cllnrgcd will1 tlke C:IV~:
?-.
of the su~l~ptc:r-li~rscs and lngpge. I hc: arniy advnnct:tl
jucliciou.;ly :II.I.:I!~~c~, to the deligl~t of tl~c b~lloldcr, ncitllcl.
crowdctl logether, nor yet dispersedly, but in bodies ; aud
tho~~gll thew were mny officers over each body, yet tlwe was
bat one co111111nnder-in-chief. This is the bcst for n cnmp, :LII
iniporhut circ~~rustnnce in wnr: for as an srluy perisl~es witlloat
n le:~~lcr,whcre no one is pre-eminent above the rest, so it
is gcncrally inctiicient, whcrc tl~ore art: many lcaders who contend
for p~c-el~linencc. &ppy e~npire! bnpl~y Gerna8~~.y !
the rn.rent of so many nations, so many brave warriors of Christ,
:I, source of pride to I~crself, and rlcstruction to her enemies !
Cit. XSI II.-Of Ute discomforts which the Chistiam endzsred throqi?
the mltau, and ./rowtlrcg reached Jconium.
r OUR army, linving entered the territories of the Turks, espcricncetl
no hostility during several dzys : tl~c saltm wishe~l
by his forbe:~mnce to allure tlum into the heart of his dominions,
until rv:in! of food and thc aqerities of the road should give
l1i111 more ~cacly means of mnoying them. That nek~rious
Craitor 11ad rjcixed the rugged mountain-tops, the tl~icltetsof
the moods, s~icl the impassable ~ivers; and whilst he pi.ofc3wd
to obscrve the trcaty which he liad made, 110 opposed alww
and stones to our pmsngc. This mas the n~nrket and the
enfe-conduct ml~ich 110 had promised us; such is the f;eisll
that must be pl,wed in the unbelievers; thy always estccln
vdour ard treachery as cqually prsiscwortl~y towards an
enerny. Moreover, they avoid, above all things, coming to
closc qrlnrtcrs and fighting hand to 11nnd; but they sllonel-
their nmws froin s distance; nntl wilh tlmn it i;j no less
glo~y to flce, th:m to put their enerny to flight. They
wtbck both estrenlitics of the arniy, nt one time the re:w, :\t
another tim tile van ; that, if by any cl~nnce thcy mn septrrate
tl~c~n, thy may at.tt.tnclc either the one or tilo other by
itself. Night brougl~t wit11 it ncitlm sleep nor rest; for n
terrific clamour distwbed the srniy on every side. A sho\ver

F
I
i-.~. 11$8.1 DISCOMFORTS OF TnE cun~sr~~rus. 97'
of javelins pierced thrnngh their tents, numbela of tlrern wrre
slnin asleep, nncl the enemy 111ln~ on tlrern so i~~ccssn~ltly, tl~:~t
for sir they nte tl~eir menls un~ler arllls, and slept
under arms, without taking off their coats of rn:~il. A1 the
same tin~e they were asi:~ilccl by s11c11 violent hnnger and tbirst,
tllat when they lost their l~orsos by the chanccs of wa?, it
WRS to them a, consolntion and source of delight, to feed on
horse-flesh and tlrinlc the blood : in this manner, by the ingenl~ity
wllicll necessity tcacllcs, they found out sn additiond
use for the e~~imuls on which they rode.
Tllere was u place bctwceu high rocks which was rendered
so dificalt to pass by rensou of the steep ascent and ilrs narrownesb
of the p:~tl~s, tlrat when the first division of the army,
led 1)y the eniperor's son, I1n.J 1,nweJ through, the Turks suddenly
rushctl from their :~ml)usl~on tllc last division, anti
in tl~eir confdcncc of victory, atL~I

c-ival to hax-e been SO nnmcroos. If any one sl~oul~l ren,l
th:~t tl~ctt wero tl~rccIIIIIII~~I!I[ tl10u.wu11 or Inorc of tll~.~~~, if;
r:~: only an estildc of t.11~ nmnunt, for it \\.:IS i~~~po&l,l~ LI)
i ~ t n . r All this n1111titl11.l~ h:d IJCCII roll~etlto arnlg by
he ,,~ilt;~n's so11 Melkin, who wisllld to :i.nticil)atc his fn.t]lc,J.in..lzw
Si~lmlit~'~ victwy, nutl, trustil~g in tlrc I ~ I I I I I I , ~ ,7.11t1 ~
'..:~,]o~ir of his IIICII, \\.ns conficlcnt of succcss. I\.lcsr~r\.l, ilc tllc
~~~ltnn Iud ~wcm~dccl a lofty lower, w11e1u he sat in c;sl)cctn-
L~OII,cyci~~g tlw cu~~t~try Bene:~tl~ l ~ i ant1 ~ r ~ the nrn~ies th:~t \\-cl,c
lmr,:cl,y to crrglge, a1111 I~oping ill a sllort the to scc :ICI:OIII-
pli.sl~cd \i,l~:~t his sa~yyiuc n1i11(1 II:~ pron~iseil. Tl~c cn~lwror,
r.,!~ii~g son~cc)f his lncn alarmed :~t t111: mnsu:~,l 11111ltit.udu
of' f.111: enmy, rlirpl:~yccl tllc confi~lcncc of n. noble chicft:~iti,
::1111 raising his I~ancls to I~enven, pvc t11:~nk~ to Go11 i~r the
si$tt of all, tli:~t thc inevitable necessity ww at lcngtl~ arrivctl
Li.that cim'unt wLiclt lind so long becn defcrrcd by t.11~ fligltt
01' th: cllalny. At tlwc worris, dl were insjrirc(l with I'I'CHII
.;rtio~~r, ns they loukecl on the emperor's placid countennuce ;
cntl olio old III:UI,FVC:L~thougli he was, ssupi~liecl nn incc~~tive
ol' \-dour Lo ~iixuy who were young sncl sCrong. VT1~ah
God i:, so great ns ow God ? All tl~nt multitude who were
so sur,c of victory t11a.t they brougl~t cl~ains with them rather
t,Im sworrls, weye overthrown in n monlent: and at once the
city w:u tu.l;cl~ and occupied, antl the cncmy without vauqnisl~cd;
e\.cr,y\vl~el.e were Llood ant1 detxth, antl l~cnps of slain :
t.J~cir 11l11nLer i~upeclcs their Hiyht, nntl thcy fill1 by thusc very
inefins on wl~icl~ they 11:d counted for triu~nph. The battle is
riow fouglit llrrucl to I~antl; tl~c bows we sniippd nsunilcr; the
arrn\rs IIU Iongcr fly, antl they hnve scnrccly roo~n to wield tl~cir
smorils. Thus everything is thrown into confusion by the inult.itucle,
sud what our enemies intadetl for our ruin, tuma out to
ourgrcn.tcr glory; the flying war, which had becn nyjiecl among
I~rtunlll' nnll the gorges of rocks, is now cwricd on in a fair
:I.II~ open field ; the Christians mtinte their fury, wllicl~ hncl
so often bee11 put forth in win. The Tiults expe~,icnce,
n;;;!.imht tl~eir will, how -well tl~cir cnclnics can fight Iland to
11:~ndwlioru they 11x1 so oftcu l~rovol~ecl nt a tlishu~ce.
.,
ll~issl~lenclicl victory was not grnnted unwortl~ily by the
1)ivine esccllenco to llis th.itl~l'ul servants : for tlmy observed
clmtiiy ill the czn~p, and discil)linc wlm uutlcr arms : in all,
aid nlove all, wnu the fcar ol the Lord ; with all was he love

I
of tl~cir ncig!lbour; nll WCIT ~~nitccl in l,~vtl~c~*ly nfictio~t,ai
thy \:,c?c :IISO co~up~nions in danger. T!ic d ~ m ~YIICII , tl~c
city was t,zken, oeeiny tllat tI1er5 ~CIII:L~IICI~ 10 II~III>dyL ~ I C to\ror
in wllicl~ IIC was, sent hastily to the cmperor, throwiilg nll tl~c
lhmc upon his son, ant1 ~,~ufcssi~~g 11iv own innoccncc ; pro~~tising
nlnreovcr, as n~~icll go111 :IS Le sl~ould den~and,I L I ~:vl~:~tso-.
cver persolls he should namc ,asl~ost+qc~.; for llis observance of
tlre treaty. The empwor, al:~ ! too ensy, ncceptecl whnt ivw
offeretl and gave what !vn.a nskcd : in this less wnthy of p~x.isc,
Lccnuse IN Ict go tht luall of blood and trcacl~ery whom 111: l~ntI
nlmost in 11i posscssion,whcn it would have beco more 11onour-
d~lcto shy him than to kcrp divc so peat nlr cncluy to the
Cl~risti~nname. The Ilostnges wcrc given and the tre:tty
conf rlnctl ; bnt tl~c wickedness of that mnlig~~:mf, traitor did
not rcst there ; fol; wl~ilst tl~o C%risti:ri~:j \rcrc contin~ting their
1narc11fw beyond Iconiu~t~, he nttncl;etl tl~cm, so~netin~cs b?
~n~buscnclc, ~jon~cti~~~os ol.~cnly in Ll1t8 Beltl. Tlrc I~ostagt+,~ \vcrt?
asl;crl ~lmt tlri:; n~c:~.l~t, :111d thy to111 n h~lseliood \rl~icl~ suit,tvl
their own pnrpose : tl~cyslid tl~tnt tlrc Turks we1.c :L wild race
w lto~nno onc could gnvcru ; t11n.t tl~cy n;~~rclerc~l about with
I no fisc:l hnbitntiou, Itnving no propcrty of tl~cir own, and
alnrays trying to obt:cin tht of others either by robbery or
theft. They attaclxcl us I~owevcr less boldly, knowing
that many of tbcir mcn 11:ttl fdlon ; for, by n ~noclrrstc
comp~~tation, 22,001) of the Truks h:~d bcen slniil in forn~cr
conflicts.
Tris victorious army now entcrs the Armeninn t~rrit~ories :
nll wjoice at having quitter1 :L Iiostile kingdom, nml at their
arrival in tlre country of the f;~itb.h~l. But, alas ! a more fntd
land awaits them, wllich is to ertingnislr the light ond joy of
dl. Let nlm ttnlte thought an11 investi@e, if he may, the
cou~ds of the Lord, whosc jutlgments are unfathomable.
Things will occur sometimes to cause him mtonisllment, soluetimes
confusion, yet so that in cvery circumstance man may
recognize the antlror of dl things. On the borders of Arnmenia
there was a place, SLI~I'OUL~~~C~ on one side by steep mountains,
on the other side by the river Sebssius. Whilst the sumpkc-
H 2

horses 2nd baggage weye passin!: tl~is river, the v~ctoriou~ emperor
I~alted. lde wcl.3 inrhccl izil illll~trious m:m, of stntllre
rnotlerately tx.11, wit11 red hair a,ncl Imrd ; I~isheat1 re:la l):Ll.tly
tnrning grey, his eyelids mere prominent ar~d l~is eyes sllnrIcling
; his CIIC~I

fiorrows of ~r~otl~ers, the siglls of \)rides, or tl~c distresses of
n~en in genornl, the present gief will bc fumd to be without
esarnjh2, never hefore 1illow1l in MY age, and sttr]~n?sing
dl twxs and lamentations. Tllere were 111:~ny of the cnlperor's
domestics pwscnt, wit11 some of his lril~slnen and Itis
son; but it was irnpoc;ribIo to c[istinguisI~ ~ IIOIH amid tl~c
gcl~erd Inrnentotion, wit!, which dl aucl tach lalllented the loss
of their f:~tl~er and their lord. This, Lowever, wnu o consolntiou
to dl, ;~cl thy all returned tlln111~s I'or it to Divine Proviclcnce,
, that he llnd not Jiccl mithiu tl~c txxritories of the infitlcls.
Wlwn his funeral-rite:: wcrc I~erforo~ct.l, they left the Ehl spot as soon as possible, bewing with them tl~c Iwdy of tl~e
emperor ndor~~ed wit11 royal ~~~a,piliccncc, tlnt it c~ight be
carried to Antioch. There b h flesh, being boilcd from the
I
bonm, reposes in tho chuiall of tl~c Apostolic see, and the Lonos
were convcyed IJ,~ sen Lo Tyrc?, tltcnce to bc tr;~nsj>orte(l to -JCI.IIwolem.
It wits tit indccd and ~onde1~f~11Iy co~~trived l~yGod's
providence, that one who llnd contc~l~led gloriousl,y for Cl~rist,
fil~oul~l repose in the two princilx~l cl~urchcs of theCI~ristian rcligion,
for both of wIiich he h;~cl bccn a clinmpion,--prt of hi111 in
- the one, sncl part iu tlw o[;hel;-the one tint w11ir.h our Lortl's
burial reurlered the most clisti~~goisl~ctl, the otlw that wllicll
wm honourccl by being the see cd' the clkf of tl~a npostles. The
Christians ar-riving at Autiocl~, xl'ler Iunny and long fasti~l~s,
gnve waj too plcrltifully to tl~oir nppctitcs, and dietl of sudden
repletion : mil so, after ~ l~cy I I : ~resisk~l both 11~111iue :~nd tho
swords of their encmies, rcpose wns fixtd Lo them, and n pernicm~~s
nbuuclancc cut them uK 111 tl~is shnnicful Illsuner,
t!~en, the grentcr part of thnt gre:rt army perisl~ed, and most
of the swvivors returned to tl~cir ow cou~~trics : a. si~~nll body
of them, nsl~ornctl to return, served under the emperor's eon,
to wh~m the prince of Antiocl~ surre~~tlcred his city with all
its tlcfences. For ou the plea of grcntcr protection, he oKc~,ctl
of his clwn accud to co~lirni t his city to the dul;e, that this
brn.vo ru:m might clefcl~ilhis torritories n.g:~inst the freque,nt
assaults of the cnemics.
CH. XXV.-d4~~ is bcsiqcd. J%g Guy isfiecd from his oath.
13 the mem tilnc? C111rist's soldiers, who l~nd been conveyed
by sen to the succour of the I311l.y Land, were laying siege to
Acre. That the order of the sicgc may l~e better u~~tlcrstood,
we will relate it from the be~inning. Guy, king of .Jcrosa-

lctn, after he I d I:ccl~ n yr:~in captivity at Dnrnasc~ls,wns
rclc:w,l by ~:d:?(ii~l on the strict pronkr: tl~clt he HIIl)IIIJ &jure
l~is liillgt111111, ~LIII~.[IS S~)Oll as l~ossible, ,qo ir~to exile be-.
yontl tltc sc:~ 'The clogy of ll~e lcingdonl dete1-111irl~ to
the king fro111 the bond of his ontll; both bec:~use rnlInt is
Jvne nr~llcr colr~pnlsio~~ tlcscrves lo I ~ c nnllr~llcd, and becnllse
the b ;ds of CIIC faitl~ful W[IO
were 011 tl~cir way woulrl firld
I i : I I l e r It was rigl~t indrctl lllnt art
slioultl overrcnuh art, xnsl that tho treachery of tile tyrant
slroill(1 bc decrived by its own csnniple ; for one who is
hill~less in his prumiscs, gives ci~coulngcnlcnt to sil::ilarf;~ith-
If;ssne.*s in 11im WIIOSI: pro~nisc Iw esncts. The fzitl~leis unbeliever,
havi~~g br,olicu his previo~~s nqwnent, l~ncl cstortetl
from th:: znptive king, nftcr nmly i~i.jories, an oath that
on being restol-ctl to litcrty hc would go into exile. A
sad cuudition this, of liberty accon~p:micd with exile olltl
the renluncintion of n. I;ir~g~lom. 13nt Gocl so older.e(l it
tlmt the counsel of Dclial wns bro~~glut to nnufillt : fur [.he
tpnt m7ns Baflletl in I.& 110l)m of rctxining the kingclom.
mld tile Iring wns relcmetl by Lllc SCII~~UCCof the clergy fro111
the enormity of 11is pron~isc. MCIL~ S Dhad arrivcd, who
would nobly viuclicnte tl~e wrongs which had been done to
Christ's cross, distinguislrecl cllampio~~s, wl~osc devout zeal I~ad
stirred them up to bin; ccnsolation to tllcc, 0 Jerosa!eln!
Tlcl~ld, tho whole w~)rlil is in nrlw for thy service, ,znd the
word is folfi lled wl~ich was sp~,kcn by tl~c prophet Issin11 : "I
will bring thy seed from the uortll, ,21111 from the mcst I mill
!p.Lllcr tl~ce togctl~cr : I will sny to tk north, Uve! ant1 to
thc sonlli, Do not forbicl." 'I'lius, thcri, mlm numbers 11xd
floclrecl iogetl~er to meet tho king at Tripoli, t,he minds of all
were inspircd wit11 Lrnver,~, so that they strove not only to
Imp what they hat1 rctnilml, but also to mcovcr wllnt tl~cy had
lost. Moreover, whilst thcy were rcmnining a.t Tripoli, they
did noi; pnss tl~e time in iclleness ;for they nsniled tile ancrnies
in that nciglibourl~uocl, :~ndtlcfcntcd at one time thee Il~~i~Creil,
at another tirne n larger nu~nher, with tl~cir victl.~rious h:~ntl.
Amoug the rest WLLS the Iri11g';'s ljrotller who Itall InCcly 1:~ndcd:
his rmme was Geoffrey, and IIC distinjiuisl~ecll~iinselP cspecinlly
amongst tl~c con~htnnb by his v:~lour, for, in mldition to the
common cause, wl~icl~ influcnccll all alike, he was roused to
action by his own private wrongs, and the injnry which had
been done to his brother.

1
,
Aprm :L while ~IIH king ilssr~~~l~le~l l~is nrllly nnrl procccclc,l
to Tyre ; hut, tlen~:~ntii ug :uIn~it,tm~cc, W:IS rcfwed by tl16
~umquis, tl~m~h the cit.y I I : ~ lxc~ a)n~n~ittetl to his ci~storl?
011 the co~~rlitio~i tl~ntit sI)ot~ItIIE rnstoretl to the king nod Llrc
1 1 of I 1inIt11. Nr)t, content with tltis il~,j~~ry, Ile :dLs
insult to bre:rch OF f;titl~: for wl~enewr the 1:in~'s nrcsscnqer,
or my pilgrin~s, cndesvourerl tu e~~ter the tuwll, tl~iay WCI,~:
t~'e:ltCd I~nl:.jlily, ant1 rvc~.c in his sight no I)cLtcr tlmn C:cl~liles
and 1'nl)licnns. Cut 111e :Pis:~ns, .w IJU posacsscJ no s~nnll p:~,rt.
of tl~e city, woulfl uot be ilicl~lcetl to co~~scnt to his perfidy,
h ~ with ~ t COIIIIJI~II~~~~L~)~~ rebellion stootl up for the king's rigllts.
The n~arcl~ris c-lircctcd not only i~lsults, bl~t civil w:Lr agni~~st
tl~e~n, and tl~ey, prurlenlly witl~tln~wing for n time, ret;re~l
wit11 otllers from the cit.y to the nrmy, 'J.h troops had
pitcl~etl their amp in an upen plai~~ ; but nooe of them mere
nJlomed bo enter the city, CVPII to I I I I ~provisims ;and tl~ey
all found nn ellerny whcre t,l~cy I d I~oped to find an dly.
Whilst tl~ese cve~~ts wcrc goiug on, the rn:~rrpis was dlictcd
by n, com1)lnint to wl~iclr i~r: 11~1 long bcen sul>ject; Gut, ns it
ol~ancerl to xss:~il hi111 this ti111e ~ ith greater ~iolence tllon
usual, he coujccturd tl~:~t Ire hat1 taken poison. Upon
this, lie issued n h;~,rsh c,li~t ;~g:~it~st ~ I I ~ . ~ c ~ : L I I sw110 rnxke
potiow ; innocent nlen wcrc p11t to ~leslli on f~~lse suspicions,
a11t1 tl~osc wl~osc provi~tcc it w:~:! to I~c:d others, now foa~~tl the
pmcticc of thcir ;wt Icacl to t.l~ei~p own dcstrnction. The king
was ur~o~l by many to aLt:~cIi tl~c city, but 11e grutlcntly
tlisst:~nblcd his own wrong, nn~l Ilostily marcl~eil, mil11 a11 th::
arlliy IIC could collcct, to Ocsicge the town of Acre. Tl~erc
wcre seven hundretl knights, nod othcrs 111orc numerous still,
collecletl out of nll CI11*istcntln111 ; b ~ if ~ we t were to cstimate
the wl~olt! arnly, it,s strcn,qtl~ (lid not amount nltogell~erto
niuc tl~ousantl IIIC~I. At the! cnd of h~~gust, on St, Augustin's
two ymrs after the cit,y 11:rtl hecn talien, they b~xvely
cu~~~~nencctl tht long null tlitl-ical t sicgc wl~icli was protrncted
cIu~.ing lwo yews longcr before thc city surrcnrlered. The
Turks from the bnttlenrcnts of the wnlls, bclleld the army

I
104
ITINERARY OF RICUARD I. [I$. I. C. 27.
approach, but without finowing who they were, or for wlmt
they came. Wlton they learnt the truth, they feared uot
tlteir npproncl~, and treated tlleir intentions wit11 dciisinn.
The men of Pis% who chose to proceed by seh sllorter
and ensicr, approached Acre in due odor in tbeir sliips, and
bravely occtlpied the h ~re ;whcre they 11d no sooner secured
station, thn they formed the siege on the side tow%& the
sea wit11 eq~~nl coursgc and perseveranw. The Icing, witll
thc rest of his army, fixed his tents on a neighlouling hill
co~an~only mllcd Mount Turon, fron~ which, by the e~niuence
of tlie groond, lie overlool~ed the approach Loth by sea and
land. 'l'bis hill was higher on the easter11 side of the city ;
and, as it sllowd the eye to rove free1.y round, it gava apros-
pect over the plain 011 all sides, far :md wide.
CH. XXVI1.-The Cl~ristinnras.vault 67te city, hut arc atlackcd Gy
Snln(!in in the ,veal., uad wlrilul they uve thu between two enemies,
ihcy are cncournyed by receiving u ~einfwcmenl of 12,000 tmrthcm
suawiors.
ON tile third clay nfter their arrival the Christians ~narlc:
all ass~ult upon the town ; auJ dcc~r~ing it tedious to await
the efict of engines for throwing stones, togetl~er with
other. mncl~ines, they trusted to the clefencc of tlteir shields
nluuc, and carried scaling-ladders Lo mount the walls. That
da.y wodd l~ave put a L:q)py tertulnntion to tlie toil of so many
d:~ys, if the rndice of tlic ancieut enemy, nnd the arrival of
~:LIYC i~ifmm~tion, Had not frustrated their ~rchievument whcn
it wits alnwst cotnpleted ; for it was reportecl that Saladin
was at hand, and our men retnrtiecl wilL sped to the canip ;
but nth they l~erccivecl that it wm only a small body tl~nt
had come in advance, they exprcsscd inclign~~lion rntller than
colnplnir~t that the victory had bcon snntchecl from thcni.
Thcy werc iuileecl few that hod conle, but fiznr Iiad reported
thnt 211 inuunwtd~le nlultitude wns at h:md : for it is not
ullusual, that thinL% sliould be magltitiecl tIiruugli terror.
The sultan, at this time, was besieging tlm castle of Eelfort
; and when he heard what was goil~g on, he n~nrclled in
liwk with a largo army to Acre. Our men, uncqual Lo cope
with him, kept tliemselves witl~in tl~e limits before described.
The Turlis assailed them pcrseveri~lgly, both morning and
everii~ig, trying every means to penetri~te to the Iiill-top ;nnd

, nmny coasts, so many tlongcrs, and calm frola En~wpe,dony
thus, thosc who came to bcsiege others, werc now besieged
tl~cmselvcs. In this position, tlicn, were our men, wllc11 tl~e
n'lorning Stnr visited them from on high ; for behold ! IifLy
ships, such ns arc commonly called cogp, 11nvi11,q twelve thus;~ncl
armcd men, on bonrcl, am secn approncl~i~~;r,-a gmtcf~~l
sigllt to olir men, on account of the strait wl~icll they wcre in.
Qrntcful is thnt wl~ich conlcs when prayed for; niore glntcfui
sLill is that wl~ich comes contrary to our hpe ; but grateful
beyontl all is that wliicll comes to nicl us in the last ~~wcssity :
yet ofttirnc~s we suspend our belief concer~~i~~g n, t11in.g ~c so
xnnch long for, ant1 cmnot credit what wo too n~uci~desire.
Our artily, from the top of the hill, see the reinfnrsen~ents
coming, and (lare not hope for an event so joyful ; and the
new comers, also, look upon the camp ns an ob,ject of suspicion.
When, I~owcvcr, they c:mo ncsrcr and saw the ensigns
of thc Cl~ristian iiith, 11shout is raised on both sitlcs,-~beir
joyful fcclillgs find veut in tears: thy e:igerly flo(;li together
and leap illto the WWRY to go and meet tl~m. 0 happy Rect,
which, sailing from the Northern Ocem, rind encouilteril~~
a voyage uever bnfore tried, pnfisecl over so nlnny sen!+ so
the s110res of AhGx, to succour Asia in 11cr distress. Thc
crews of thcse sl~ips were Dmcs and Frisous, mcn inl~red to
labour by tlie rigours of the north, mcl Laving thrce qr~nlities
good in war-largo limbs, invincible n~iucls, :mJ ~devont fervour
fur the faith. They llnd milod from tlici~ country,
aud the kindly breezo Ilacl w~ftcd them on : tlie waves, as
well as winds, were I)c!nignsnt, sudi ;LS give dcligl~t LO snilors,
and so the merciful Lord brought his cl~n~l~pior~s safe and
uninjwed tl~rougli so nlnny tl;~ng:.c.rs. Eut t.l~t. inl1:~bitants of
the lands by which these vcssels snilecl, wcre cscited when
they saw the hct, and, e~nbnrking on ship-board, both
Englisl~rnen and Plen~ings follomccl tlirm in haste. Nor must
I pmsin silence :L gallant action wbicli uwu pcrfornicrl by
tlmn as illoy passed : tl~ey coni-;~geously attnc1;c~ln city cailetl
Silvia,, on the sen-coast of Spain, and hving quickly ~nntlc:
themselves 1n:lstcrs of it, and shin the Ccntile inl~:~bitr~iits,
they delivered tire city ap to the CI~ristia~~a, :~ppoint,ecl tlleln
a bishop, and proceeded victorious on their voyn;?;e. To Acre,
then, they c;Lme; and hnving ~~itclted tlwir crimp 11ctrvee11tile
city and Mount Turon, they turuecl their iuviuoith prowe*$

f
r
.I the 1:~11ili11g
7
IIP: night R~~CI. of tl~c jl'lrisons i~nd Dnnes,
dn~~xu d'Avennes rcncl~ed tl~e deuircd shore, n nlnu entlowcil
wit11 tluec-fold ~~.~:~Iifii:ntionu,-i~~ courlsel n Hcctor, in nrms nlk
Achilles, nrrcl in I~ononr s11r.p:u4ng Rcgnlus. ITe pitcl~cd 11is
can~p opposiile the towcr they call tile Chrsctl (L[aletlict.a),
n.nd n little fm.tl~c:r on lily tl~c Tcn~plars ; still the greater
~):l.rt of tllc city was INJ~bcsiegctl, but tl1e1.e w:ls :I frcc con)n~u~~ic:~tion
opcu t.0 the er10111y. OUT' men, n~~siouans to tlleir
~~~ovc~nents, lilrcil J I O ~ ll~is frccdo~n of cntvnuw nnrl exit ;
11ut the extended circuit of' tl~o walls and the j)nl~cit.y of soldieiv
nllowed uot of a continued blo~.li&. They therefore
Jividetl their forces into t~oolis,nntl by turns wntchctl the
:~ppr~ncl~es of tllc city ill arm; and tllu*, for son~o thys,
obstrnct.ed tlm pxssn~c,of those ml~o would go out. I'hc
Tnrlcs, liowcvcr, issn~ng f'ron~ city :lnd cm~p, nnJ 1.1nving
~llcctetl tl~cir strength l'rom all il~~n.rtcrs, :~ttnclced our IIICU
and plw41ecl; fur a divided lint of' bnttlc is easily brokcn
thiaugli, n11d sc:tttc.recl sbengfh qnickly yicltlctlt. On tht
day the Ilospitdlers wcre on gunrd, and on givilt,? way,
ware diu\'cd Iry tl~c 'J'ellll)lars, who deckd the CIICIII~,and
Iii~~dcred tllcn~, tl~llugll p~~esserl se\wcly, fro111 bui.stin[r inbo
9
the GIIII~. M~reo\w, (lily by d;~y the army of tho fa~tl~h~l
incrc:~sccl; ad n n~111titutle of sl~ips co~niug tc~gcthel; struck
110 small. terror inin tl~o M:~hornct:~n anny. Brit S:zlnclin, I J ~
III~:UISof a fictio~~, Icsscr~ed the Sears thus ercitccl, asserting
f.11i~ttile C:l~l'isti;~~~-i tool< xw:~y their sbips by night, nncl
Lrou;;lit Illem Ixzclc again nt dawn of dny as if tl~cy werc
11c:wly nrrivetl, for the pu18posc of ~naliin; a tlisl~hy of
t t Rc 11i111sclfIVZS not, however, ignornnt of the
IW.~ stntc of the c.we, mil gricvccl bitterly at o11r chily in-
cre:ir-:s of strc~~gtl; but, Jibsc~nbling the cloud on liis rni~icl
untlcr n I~m~gl~fy r~ylcct,he exhibited a cnlm and L:dcss
coul~tun;rucc.

Vlsnv nlnny i;irlc.ed hscl already come f'1.0111Lhc liill!;~~~lll
tlie bishop of I:c:LIIv:L~*,
cl~lsct, and O I I ~who
gloriccl in warfare and strove tobe likc Turpin if 111: cn~llll h t
ol Jk~nce; and 311ionjist utlw~~s ;L
III:LLI more devoted to tlic aunp tl~:ln ll~e
I 3 I~:rles. T11el.e is a part of Frnncc c:dled C!~I:IIIII):I,~I:C ;
and thul~gh the wl~ole courr try is fhous for t.111, p~~rric~;i of
srnls, tliis one, by a sort of privilege of chivalry, ex(!cld :d.
surp:Lssw tlm rc3t. ~I~>IICO its warlike youth m:~rchiug out
in power displ;x,yecl tlic strer~gth wl~icl~ it 11:~dcsc~*cisc.~l in the
gjrmnsuiurn with greatcr Lolt111eei n,pinst tl~c fuc ; :mi1 11avi11g
I;~ii! aside the pnlne of battle, tl~cy tm1.11et1 tl~cir Lcllicose
spirits to thc redities uf war. So, i~~tlccc'l, English ns
~cll :LS French src lell on by tl~e war1.11tl1 of ll~cir tlcvotion,
so tlint not w3,itillg for thir o\v11 kiny Ll~cy 111:1.rc11 hr\\~srci
to ~~crfbrni their duty to tLc I

I
descen~led from the cnlllp LO the plain ; nnd there being put
in wry, were tlividcd illto Oroopu, so that thc ligl~t-~.r~~~~cl
soldiers with tlre Oowlr~eu and arbnlesteru went first; next to
the111followed tile hl,y of t h army, glittering with Ilorses,
.n.rms, 2nd the vnrious incsigni:~ of \vnr. 7.hir conntenallce all,[
I)e:~rin!; ~II~~C:LLCC[ the dispnsition of their minds; the fait.I~f~il
Ilnd recoursc to pr:Lyer, wldst the enemy trembled. TllCre
,rcl.e those wl~o, i~l~~~~i~oning tl~ernselvcs to esccssive exultntioll
at tl~e eifil~t of the battle-:~rrny, prcs~~inetl to say,-" W11:lt
powcr ~l~ali prevail, wl~nt nlultitude sl~all vvithstantl us? Let
the Lord msist ncither us nor oar sdve~s:~ries; the victory
rents in our own v:~lour." (!crtninly n mor:t iir~pinos 2nd utterly
detestable aenti~~~c~~t, for it plsced tlle issue of the battle in Ilr:tn
ant1 not in the Deity, when lnan ct111do nothing without God;
wl~id~, in~leccl, thc issue OF ~LKL~PS proved by sad espericncc.
The ?'url;s stood rcsolute fur the defence of their cnlnp ;
but wl~cr~ ow nlcn nppronclred nearer, thy opcnecl the body
01' their inhnt~~ywlw stood first, autl boldly charjictl lhe
encnly wit11 their 11nrse. Tl~c ~~nl)elievers werc put to flight,
aucl nl~:~.nilonecl their camp ; tljc (lhristinns desisted from the
;r~~~uit, an11 wcl~ eqer nftcr tlx spoil ; the corcls of Llle pnvilions
wcrc c~~t, n ~ dthe tent of the sultan hinlsclf wm seixctl
upon by the Rcry Count Je hr. Me:~nr-vhile,an i~uluci~se
niultit~icleol' the encmy burst out I'rorn the city, 2nd rnnrchin?
from tlmt part \:~l~icl~ w:l.s not bc!sicpctl, pt.oceecled townrtLs
the rnoii~~tain by it ci!wituus p~tl~. Iurlcc'd, thy pnrposely
m~,rr;l~cc\I J,~ ;I. tnrtuo~!~ circ~~it, tl~nt while our nlen mere in
tloubt wlictlrt\r t11c.v ~rrcnut t,ri ;~.t.l;l.cIi Che c;unp or the nrl:ly,
tltay n~igl~t I:1I1 suihlct~ly nlmn tht. latter, and close thcn~ in
fro111 the reiu. Tho 'l'o~nplilr:~, i~~i'erior to none in renown,
dewted to sl:~u$!ter, 11~1 I)y ll~is ti~r~e burst tl~rouglt the emmiw'
si[u:wes, nutl, if tl~c rernaintler of tile army 11ad pressed
on in pursuit, they w0111tl tl~:~t ilny have bcen the fortim~te
conqi~erorsas well of thc city aa of the battle ; btrt when the
Tcmplars in tl~cir arclour lrnd xlv:~nced too far in following up
tlrcir fortune, they were sucide~~ly a.tt:~cliccl Ey thc towns~neo;
and althougl~ niultitucles overonme tllem, it wirs uot without
great sl~u,qhtcr of their own men tint the enanly tri~unpl~ed.
There Gcrarcl de Itiddeford the master of tile Teuiplars, of
whoxu we have made mention before, was sl:h ; 11;cppy he on
-whom the Lord confcrrecl so great glo~y,that he shoulil @tin tlm
laurel wl~ich he had earned in su rntlny wars, and be admitted

I'
A.D. 1189.1 SLAEQUTHR OF TIIF, CHRISTIANS. 109
into the fellowship of martyrs. In another pirt, while the
Ckmnans were too eagerly bnnt upon pluncler, the old deceiver
orered to t.heir view a horse cso~1)ing ; and seeing tlrew pursue
him in a crowd, the rest supposed that tliey were running
away. By this sligl~t but fatal accident the whole nmy was
thrown into a panic, and dl turned their thougl~ts to tligltt.
At tbc same time, rr, new rnnlour increased f,heir few : for
there was a cry tbat the townsmen liad gone forth to pl~inder
the baggage. The army ms at once tlirow~i into confusion ;
the bsttslions clispersed, aud abanclor~cd their standds ; even
' the commanders fly I~cadlong, and scarce any have courage to
resist.
, attack, and pursue those who fly. 111 this I:~r~~entnble
CH.XXX.-TheJiylrl and slaughter of the Chrislianu.
Tm Turlrs, on seeing the confutjion of the Christians, wonderetl
st the circumst:~nce, but were ignorant of tl~o cause;
and hsviug regninccl the vict.ory unespectoclly, h y turned
their horses and resumed the courn.ge w11icI1 they hi~d mora
from use tl~an nn.tnre, yielding to those who pressed, and pressing
on those who yielded ; for tliey will fly from those who
xrd
disastrous tumult, Andrew de I3rir.une, wllile calling upon Iris
comrscles to resume the b:~ttle, was slain by the Turlrs w11o
were pursuing; this man was so superior to all the other
F~wclm~en, that tljey awnrded him the crown or cl~i\dry,
whilc others were content to strive for the honour of being
sccond to Ihn. Es brother, the Count de Brienne, though he
had seen him fall, passed hini as Ito lay on the ~~onncf, and
tl~oagb called upon, feared to stop, and, libc a coward, left him
to his fiate. Differeut from tliis was the conduct of a soldier,
who, seeing James d'4vcnnes thrown from his horse, gave
him the one on which he was escaping, and nobly by his own
death saved the life of his lord. King Guy, $so, mas on the
point of being slain by the foe, llad not the marquis come to
his assistance, who forgot the wrongs he llad received from him,
to discbarge the duties of humanity, tllough to one undeserving
of it, and rescued him from ~lestruction. Geoffrey, tho Iring's
brother, seeing the army in confusion, a.nd all hastening to fly,
at last alnndoned the care of the cnnlp which he had undertaken
to defend ; and, anxious for his brother's safety, rnshed
for\$-arc1 to arrest the fugitives. 0 nliserable change of
aEairs! the Christians had gone forth with confidence-they

j-et,urn in co11f~1lr;ion ; tl10.v II;.I~~lnarclred in order-they rctt~i-n
jn clisorcler; victorious, ICY II:~1.0lltctI tl~c foe-pt thy C I I ~
b:dr vanqt~isliecl. Man's 1xcsn11l'ption n.t length acl;n~wlcrl:~ml
what m:m nntl w11:~t 111:ll1'5 ,ytlmgth CiLn ~R'cct, if it rely n11t
on the Lode right Land ; for he powerfldly worlrs &,oly
amongst h.is own pcoplc, who gives conliclonco to the n.m.riol;
and n ci~)wn to the victor. Our niel1 hntl ~,rcsamed on L]I&P
own strcugth, tlrtzy 1)clicvecl no oncmy could be foluicl wllo
could pat tllon~ ill Scnr, and ye[; thy .founcl tl~nt enemy
too nc:br them, for they lost ono tl~onwld five 1111ndrecl 111~11.
7
1here was n I

CR. XXXI1.-The descriytion of the cily of
about it.
Acre and tlre places ~OZLWI
'
WE do not think it foreign to our purpose to give at times,
ns thc order of our matter requires, the description of plsces,
in order that a city, so famous for its nlag~~ificence, as well nn
tl~c various incidents of war, may win ntlditional ce1cbrit.y
by onr labours. For if a tar ycnrs
t: war made Troy celebrated
; if the triumph of tile Ullristians made Antioch more
illustrious, Acro will cert:~inly obtain eternal fame, as a city
, for wiiich the whole world contedecl. In tlle form of a

I
ITINERARY OF RICHARD I. [n. I. c. 32.
triangle3 it is narrow on tllc n7cstern sidc, wllile it cstends in awider
range town.rtls tile enst, ant1 full a ~llilyl part of it is
washed b.y the occan On tllc ~011th and west. TIle I,ort,
wlli~h is not so convenient w it slloulcl be, often tIeceives &,,,I
provt:s Mn.1 to the vessels wl~icll winter there: for tilo I.oclc
wl~icl~ lies over a:;:linst thc show, to whicl~ it rnn5 palallel, is
too short to pl~~tcct them from the fury of thc stornl. ~ ~ ( 1
hccmrse t.I~is rock appeared a suitable place for wasI,ing away
the entmils, the ancients used it a 1d:~e for oRerirlg nl,
sac~~iiicw,nrd on account of the flies which followed tile
szcriticial flesh, the tower which stnntls above it was callerl
tl~c Tower of I'lics. There is also n tower called the Cursecl,
situakrl on thc mall wllich SU~I'OIIII~~S the city ; and if we are
to credit common report, it received its name because it is
snid that tho pieces of silver for which Jurln~ betrayed ],is
Lord, were msde there. The citv, thn nan~ed Ptolemais, IV~S
formerly situate upon BIorrnt Tmon, whicll is close to
city, whence, by an error of antiquity, some call Acre Ptolemais.
There is a hill called the Mosque, near Mount l'uron,
where tlte nnciencs s2y iis the sepulchre of Meninon ; but by
whose kind t,fKces he was b~onght tllitllcr, we have Icnrnt
neitller by writing nor by I~enrsay. The river mllich
by the city is nn~ned Eelus, nnd althoogh its bed is narrow,
aucl not deep, Solinw Ila rentlerctl it celebrated by nninl)ering
it amongst the wonders of the world, as bcinc enric;l~eil
with glnssy s:lncl. For there \US a certain sandy foss, the
snntl of wllic11 supplietl n~sterinls For mnking glass; these, if
tnlccn ont, were nltogetllrr usclecs; Gut, if Ict in, froin d11e
secret virtue of the phce assr~rnetl a filnssy nature. Not far
fro111 the rivcr is pointed out a low rock near thr city, at
ml~icli it is sn.id that the thrce divisions of the worlcl, Asin,
Europc, an11 Africa met; 2nd tllolrgh it contains sepnrntely
the othcr l~nrts of tbe world, tl~c place itself, dependent on
none, is tlistinat froni and independent of nll three. Mount
Csr~ucl riw* nloft on the soutl~crn side of the city, where
Eli.i:~li tile Tisl~hitc is lir~own to hnve had an habitatin11 of
motlest cost. ns his C ~ Y Cstill tcsiifics ; bnt nltlinugl~ we are
often wont in n description to w:~~lh ewny to the pleasant
pn.rt.8 of the circnit, we must 3.1 pre .ent ovcrlool~ llle nttmctions
of tltt. s~u~u~rntling plnccs, while we lurn our attention
lo Lhe C~IIIWol the mar.

1
A.D. llS!,.] SIEGE OF ACRZ.
113
WDENtherefore our men 11:d encompused hre on d sides
with a blockade, the townspeople, llaviiig consulned their provisions,
began to be severely pressed by fan~inc, so that tliey
ofrered to surrender the city on condition that they should
be sllowed to depart, with tl~eir property, unmolested. These
conditions did not sntiefy the cl~icfs, who ljnd determinecl,
either to compel them by estrerne necessity to submit to their
will, or to gain, by every means in their power, the glory
of storining the city. But whilst they were slowly negoti:tting
for the surrender of tl~e city, the snlt,an hail fully
equipped nt Alexandria fifty gallcys, with IIIPI~, provisions,
and arms, which Ile sent to succour Acre. These arrived
on All Saints' Eve, and whun they wcre scan at a distance,
vague runlours distract~ecl the people wit11 various forebotling.
Some report that the encrny are at hand ; others
that subsidies are come for the Cl~ristians. Wldc tliey were
still doubting, the cnemy threw tl~cn~selves into the city, and
even carried with them, by force, one of OUI. ships laden with
provisions, which they found in the port ; and being long
sustained with those provisions, pressed upon us with tlle
+-water courage. Not coutenl with plundering our ship of
ourden, they put to dc:~tl~withont mercy tl~ecrew and
every one else they hati found thcrcin, and IINII? then1 ~ound
the walls on the day uf All S:~int,s. iUorcovcr, the galleys
of tllc enemy kept watch over both the exit a d entmnce of
tlie port of the city, that no one dared to come to our assist-
ance for fear of fdling into their hnncls. And on the morrow
of the Nativity of our Lord, one of our galleys deeming the
fleet an arrival of Christi:m, went for the purpwe of making
inqnirics after ow succoura, incautiously to niect this U;~l)yloi;im
fleet, as it appnr~cl~d, and with it a sn~aller vessel,
cnllcd a gnlleon ; this taking the lend, owing to its lightness,
fdl suddenly into the midst of the enemy, i~istesd of meeting
with friencls as ws snpposed. Tllc voice 05 some who answered,
and the suspicious silence of others, undeceived t,l~eln; upou
which the terrified sailors cast t11enlseIves into the sen, aud
I

'II4 ITINERARY OP RIC~AI?~ I. [n. I. c 34.
escaped, by means of swimming, accorrlinfi a3 endl wss ablo.
Thus then occnpying tll:~t prt of tho sen, nntl our plleya
wl~ioll wcre Ly hr the lext nunwoua, 11nvi11,; gone %may
secretly to Tyre, the enclny 11nd frcc nnd open con~~~~nllicntiou
witl~ he city by scn. Ai tht tinie tile C+CPII~:~I~S,
1nn.king a I:L~~cinill 1'01' the ~rindinq of corn, tnrnetl by Il~lscs,
while the ndstones grxtcd ns thcy werc tlrswn 1.ouut1, tile
'T~~rl

AD. 1 190.1 A NAVAL VICTORY. 115
at a longel; others at a shorter distnme froni the sc:~
Tlwsc vcswls I I : ~frequeutly thrce or four ba111is of unrs
C:LCII, sornc cvcn five; aucl a few of the ships uscd at the
battle of Aotiam betweell Antony and Augostns, are snit1
t,~ hnvc ho.d six. Fnrtl~ei~nore, ships of war nrcrc c:~Ihl
ld~rxce;for the sllips usd in the battle of Actitm~ were
chiefly built at Liburnia in Daln~n.tio; whence it Lccme
us~~nl among the ancients to cnll tllcrn liburrice. But all that
mcicnt rnngnificence lins pnssecl away; for ships of w0r, wl~icl~
once lind six b:rnlrs of oars, have now selrlo~n nlore tlmn two.
But wl~nt tl~e n~~cients nscd to ~ 7 au
lihz~rm,we call a plea,
with the ~~~itldle sylln.ble lc~~gll~enecl; it irj long anJ graceful,
not lligh out of water, and has apicce of wood at .the prow,
wl~ich is co~nmonly called the spur; with which tho encmy's
ships nro struck and pierced. Galleons we \.cascls wit11 one
~ : L I I I < of oam, managesble from their sllortncss, easily turned, nnd
light for rur~nini to and fro ; they arc bettel. suited for t11r.o~i
n r e Wl~elr, therefore, tlmy went fort11 on both sides to
tigl~t, our mcn drew not up tlicir ships in :L stmight line, but
ill the forrn of a crescent; that if the enemy sl~ould clmrge the
inner ships, he might be sb~~t in anil cr~lsl~ed. They pLaced their
most powerful sl~ips at the poinls of the crescent, as against
them u~ould be directed the enemy's lnost vigorous nttncl; ;on
the upper row of benches mere armngecl shielcls close togetller;
and in one the rowers sat, in ortle~: that those who were on
deck might have free space for fighting. The sea mas pcrfectly
cnlm aud tranquil, as if it fwouretl t?~c battle, and the
rippling wave impccletl ~~eill~ar the shock of LLo :~ltaakin~ ship,
nor the stroke of the oars. As thy closetl, the trumpets sounded
on both sides. A terrific clang is rouscct and thc battle is
commenced by the throwing of n~issiles. Our men implore
the Divine nssishnce, and ply their oars strenuously, and dash
at the enemy's ships with their beidis. Soon the battle bepn
; the oars become entangled and they fight l~and to hand,
having grappled encl~ other's ships togetlm; and they firc thc
decks with bnrniug oil, wl~ich is vulgarly called Greek fire.
That lriud of fire with a cleteshhle stench and livid flames
consumes both flint and steel ; it cannot be extinguished by
water, but is subdued by the sprinlrling of sand, and put
out by pouring vinegar on it. But wlmt can be more dreadful
tlan a fight at sea? what more savage, where suc'
1 2

I
116
I'~IxERARY OF RIGUARD I. [c. I. C. 25.
vario~~s fntcs await the combatants ? Some are tortnred by the
burning of the flamc:s; some hlhg overboard are swaUomeil
in the wzves; otl~erswou~~clecl perish by the enen1ypsweq,ons.
One p,lley, unsltilfi~llymanaged hy our nlcn, exposed ih flaul;
to tlle fua ; and bcing sct ou fire, rcwived the Turks a tllcy
boarded her on all sides. The rowers in their fright fnU. into
the sen.; but a few soldiers, impedcd by their heavy armour,
and rest~.nined by ignorance of swimning, Look courage from
desperation, a d cornnienceclan rmequal fight ; and trusting in
the Lord's vdour, a, few of them overcome numbers; and
h:~vingshin the foe, they brooght bnck the half-burnt vesel
in triumph. Another ship was boertled by the enemy, who
had driven the combatants from the upper rlecli ; while those
who were below strove to escape by the help of their oars.
Wondrous and terrible was the conHict ; for the oars being
pulled different wayys, tho gdley mas rlrnwn first one may, then
the otl~er,as the Turks drove it ; yct ow men prevailed, and
tho enemy, who rowed on the upper deck, being over..
corne end thrust down by the Christians, yielded. In this
naval contest; the enemy lost Both the galley and a galleon,
together with their crcws; ~llll0111' men, unhurt and
joyful, gnin n. glorious triumph. 1Iauiug drawn the cuptnred
glley on sho~e,tlicy gave it up to be plundered by
both sexes who calm to meet them. On this our women,
dragging the Turks by thc hair, sftor trcating them sl~amefully
and cut,ting their tllroats in a disgrncef~~l manner, bel~endeclthem.
And the weeker the hntl to strike, so much the
more Icngthened wm thc punish~nentinflicted ; for they used
Icuives, ant1 not swords, for cutting off their heads. A likc
tien-6qlit was nevcr scen, so destrncti~~e in its issue, accomplished
with so muall danger,and cornl~leteclwith so n~ucLcost.
CH. XX?(V.-Meanruhile the T~trksfrom without, eager lo jill our
breach with earth,ficvcely attack our net&who .were within.
INthe n1en.n time the Tur1;ish ormy from without, tl~ough
deeply bcwailiug oour victory, perbistccl in making attadis
ujmn onr men mho were within tlm trcnch, endeavouring
ertllw to fill up tbc colnploteil portion by cllsting back tlle
ewlll, or to slay those ~x-l~o rc::istccl. 0nr men, sustaining
their ethclr, though mitli tlificulty, fight nndcr great dis-

*
A.D. 11N.1 ATTACK ON TIIE CAMP. 117
anlvn,ntnges, for they scc~nell uneclunl to col~tcnll nZpinst so
countless a ntultil.utle,--for the nu~llbcrs of the nssnilnnt,~ contiunnlly
il~rrenscd, and we 11a.d to tal;o prcc:~utions on tho
side of the city lest ll~cy also slloulcl rus11 in t~nd nssault
ns. There was nnu1ng3t the :rssnihnts a, tiendis11 r:Lce, very
i~n~~etnou~~d (hstinstc ; rl~\formecl in r~at~ve ns they were
unlike to the otllcrs iu clla~~cter, of a dnrkcr npprznce, ol:
vmt stnture, ot' csccecling I'crocity, Invi~tg on tllcir Iiends red
coverings instc:rd of Ilcli~lets, carryi~~g ill th~ir Ilnnrls clubs
bristling with iron teeth, wliicli ncitlter hellnet nor coat of
lnaiI could witllst:rnd ; 211d tl~cy llad a c:~rvecI image of'
Malio~net for :L stmilaid. SO glwt was the ~nr~lritl~de of
this evil nm, tht ns t'nst ns one llnrty was tlu.own to the
ea,rtll, another rusl~ed fbI'Wu"1 over tl1c111. Thus, by tlleir
co~lstnnt ntt:~cl~~, th~yCOIISUUI~~~~SO our IIICII much, tllnt we
doubled which wny to turn ourselves; for ns there was neither
security nur rest, wc wc1.e distressed or1 :%I1 sides, st one tinle
ot~l,sclves from dies of the LesicgetL from the city,
at snotl~er fron~ the incessant nttncks of tlw cncmy from
without; and ag:.nin ~ ~ I the I I side of tlle se:l where tlicir
galleys were lying in w~it to convey the Turhs into the city
ns tiley mrivcd, or to iutercept the succours which were
coming to us tl~e Cllristi1111s. At lengtll, by favour of the
Divine n~ercy, our d~ersaries were driven back 2nd repulsed.
OURchiefs coutribute n~utunlly to the making of mncl~iues
for storn~ing the city, nncl c&ruct three rno;enbld towers
of dry woo~l, of whicli the ~~mki~~g of the first fell to the
lot of the Lzl~clgrsve, tllc sccurd to tlm Getloesc, and tlle
tl~ircl to the rest of the nrnly. The huge rn:~cllines ~.;~i:c:il
with zealous c~llulation, and being carried up by stories, mere
urged forw~rtls on wltcels, wl~icll, nssistcil by n~ecl~:~nic;d
contliv:~ncrs, move~l ensily. To prereut their cntcl~ing fire,
the worknlen covered t,lrcn~ with tarlini~linn wtl raw I~i~les ;
and tliat the blow of the p,l,,~~,~,iro n~i-;llt not in,jure tllen~,
which it does if caught by n sufter substnnce, they suspeud

twisted ropes in front. And the upper parts of the to~~crs,
whicl~ mere mt~cl~ lligller tliali tho malls and bulwarlis of
the city, cuntni~~cil sli11xcr3 :ml dartcrs, wllile tlic mitlclle
story was occupied by mcn anl~ed wit11 stnlies and polrs. E,I~I~
camp I~n.cl its pclra-rice, which stood on the side and nftbrded
I~r~t~~tio~~ to tho ~(JWUI.S ns 1.111:~ WC~Cdrawn along, rn well ,w
aorving to thaw clown tlm opposite malls. The townsmen
now cntircly despn.iling, oft'crecl to surrcnilcr the city if they
might bc allowed tr, ilepnrt and take awny tl~cir property wit11
tl~cnl. Our peoplc refuscd, aud linstened with all their might
to bring tile niaal~ines thy had nmlc ngnii~sk the wslls,
upon which the townsmen resisted, and in tcru revenxe
tllernselvcs on tl~cir Lesic,qers and as:.:~dtcrs ; for, on the
Sntulday after Ascension-clay, when the machines had been
brouglit ileaer the walls, after we lnd assaulted the city
fro111 niorli till evcu, bcl~olcl! the army of the T~wlis from
witliont c:xnc rushing in troops with inlrnense violcnce upon
the ti.cd~, to attack from the rex those who mere assaulting
the cit,y, t11nt they might draw them off if uot entirely disperse
hm. Thus, wllilu our men, held in check on bath
siclcs, ni~cl having their attention tlivicled, were either de-
Eencli~~: tl~ernselves ap.inst the nttdis from without, or mere
enpgecl in storniing tlie city, and tlicir st~'ength ww .~veakened
from having so nxmy oLjects to coutentl with, the vllerny
set tire to our towers, which our utmost endeavours could
not extinguish, and being burnt wit11 Grceli firc, tl~cy wcro
renderotl uselcsu. A.nd thris, by an unfortunate acciclont, our
hope of t~iuii~pll fell,-thc more mortifying in tlie result fruin
being consitlered so cerk~in nt first.
CI!. XXSV1I.-Of the fcminc ammy the cilizens crizrl the s?~ccouv
brougld i7~6y the gallcy.~.
Tm bcsiegc~l wcre now so sorely pmsecl from the great
.YV:L~I~ -~fprovisions, that they ate up their horses 2nd spared
not heasts of other kinds, forgctfnl of the M:~l~ornetnn law,
wl~ile, rctl~lcetl by I~unger to ent furbidclen things, they satisfied
tllcir ravcuing :~ppctitcs. i\lennwliile, they tnrned out blic older
Clwislian c:tptives, whotn they reckoned nseless, hwing bccome
speccl.~lc 2s and rlccrcpit ; but tl~cy reserved the youngcr
cqjtives, W~IO a.cx L1:k and fit for work. Wl~ilc the

tJ
Turks werc tl1\1s stl-:~itenc~I, tilere nrrivccl thwe vcescls o:'
lmrthcn, wlme crews sutltlc~!ly tlircu, Ll~c~nsclves inlo tl~c city.,
for fear of meeting tlie Christians, in s~lch Ii:~sLo tht so~~~o of
~IICIII were n,recliccl, Bnt tllose that carried provisions wt:rc
swecl. J4'11ereupon the Lesicgctl, ovcrcome with ercessiw
jy, w if their wisl~cs 11nd ~PI:II grntificcl, testify their deli­
10
verance by liowling in lo1.1i1 to~~es tlie music of cymbals
am1 pipes; thcy I~opcd by tl~cse l.ejoicings to confirm the
bclief that they l.!:d not sustait~cil any loss.
MEANWIIILE, Snlnclin, having gathered togetlier the forces
of all Asia, from the Tigris as far :m India, .w edl ns froln tllc
pwts between t l~o Tigris and .Euph~+ates, and tl~encc to the
soutllern clistrich, led tllcnr forth lo war. Frorn Africa, too,
tl~ere cnllle coun tlesa ~ribes; the Nad:~lr:~r~, Gxtulinns, and
Nmnidians, and fronl the scorching sol~th, the peoplc nnmcd
I Moors or Maurit:luiaus, f1801n the Greck word pnvpoc, wliich
1 mc:ms blaclr. Thus two divisions of the globe attnc1;ecl the
tllird ; qpinst 110th of wllicli Europe entercd into conflict, the
ody one of' them which acl

much more extensitre, it would have been narrow compared
with the numbers eii,rr%gcd. The Christians, though pressed
by the townsmen on one side n11c1 by thc ellelny on the otl~el;
stood their msnfully ;and Imving plncocl g~r:~rcls st the
t~l~clles, ~cpello~l the assnuk- oF both. The attack con~menced
on the Stttur(1a.y of Pentecust, xntl continued for tight days,
the gre:~t sl;~~~gllter on both sidi:~ bearing witncss to tl~e fury
of the cor~~bat.Our nlell found tl~c holidnys no holitluys ; but
tlreir resolnta vnlour stwngtliened tlrenr to tlw confusion of
the foe ; and I-Ie who ordained of old the Apostles to proplreoy,
now inflamed his sol~lieru to battle. All llad strict
cl~srge not to go beyond the ennlp ; for tl~ere w:ls no need to
go in search of an enemy, when one was at thcir doors.
Ant1 so great was the multitude whicll canio to attack, tht dart8 thrown at random were not without cfect ; nor did any
take aim, when the crowde~l squ:~drons afforded so nxu~y
objects to wound. On the eight11 day, a blow from a ding
killed one of the sultnn's sons, whc~se death pnt n st011 to tire
attack mlrich lrnnl begun, a1111 terrified the hostile muy.
Very ninny of them, therefore, ret,urned to tlmir own 1:md iu
glmt dread of co~ning in contact with tlle Christinus, who
had resistcd so gent a n~ultitude so buldly.
MEANWIIILE, hunger afflicts tl~c townsn~en sorely, but the
soutb wind brings them snpplieu of corn from the snltnn in
Egypt, The vesscls were five and tmmty in nu~~~bcr; of tlie
three largest of thew, two wc13e run ngrnund, while attempting
to pnsh though Lctweerr the Tower of Flies and the adjweut
rock ; the third got into port unl~urt; for our gal1c.p hncl
turned tl:em from tllcir intcntlecl co~~rso; but one of ours,
in its hast;y pursnit of the elrcluy, struck on B rock :mi ww
dasl~etl to picccs.
As time wore on, and our wmy 11:de1Goyc11o long rppo*,
tho comaion soldiers, desirous of a clrange, Lcpn to tax tho
chiefs with sloth; and all excite11 wit11 one rvisll, eiwh encourages
his fcllow to battle. Their iidignstion is excited

'
A. 0. 1190.1 NE\V MISFOI1TUNEY OP OUR MEN.
121
by the proximity of tl~c l~er~l~cn camp ; thc grecdy ma
encouraged by the prospect of' spoil, : L I ~ the l1~no11rof
victory inflames the warlilte. They tliereforc enter into a
t~~~nultuous plot, and with eager l~mt, prcpnre urmin~ously
for bottle, without nslring the coi~sent of thcir cl~iefs. The
latter endeavour, nm far :w puasiLlc, to cllecli the IWII thing
of thc people, and the patriarch forbids tl~eni nntler pain of
anatl~en~afrom pl-ovolcing the enemy, and incurriug the
dangers of a b:rttle, without consulti~~gtlicir cl~icfs; b ~ ~ t
neither the dissoasions of these, i101~the threats of thv otl~crs,
svniled ; for fury overcame counsel, violence reason, and order
yielded to multitndos; wl~ichever may the vulgar arc impelled,
they tl~inl; ~auhness a virtue, and that to be the Lest wllicli is
the object of their wishes ; a1111 not weighing the issue of
things, they reject him who chidetll, and despise 11ili1 who
ruletll. Tl~erefore, on St. James's-day, a mournful slid unpropitious
one, the ill-fated crowd of colnmon soldiers burst
forth ; they go forth in wms, it is true, but they oppose thornselves
without precaution agniust the coming danger ; IL fino
body of young men, indeed, distinguished for bravery, and that
' I would yield to no victor, 1lu.l it bad. a I-le:ul, or used cuu~~sel in
its dariugs, or been as fond 01' battle ns it was of huoty. But the
army llad no lealcr ;every one was his own sulclicr ant1 guide ;
they sc,zrcely paid attention to or followed their proper standards
; many ran before them, aud thought xio ore of' the booty
than the battle in which thy wero to perish. The MaLometans,
when they saw the c~ovfd coming forth, wlletl~er
from few ur Jesign, gsve way s little, and as tl~cydid nnt
gather up their bag,-e, tllcy lcft their tenta bcl~ind, rich
with various things. But under the declivity of an mljncent
mouut they collcckd their lost coulwqe, aud stoi)petl, whilr:
thy sent spics to discover the ol)jcct st wl~icl~ our nlen :li~ned,
nncl ml~y they Ilnd co~~ic forth. Tecadin, the su1tn11's gm~dson,
at tl~at time hall pitched liis tent opposite the ctllilp of
13imhert; he wm n mzn of active spirit and bold in arms,
but of exceeding wiclrecl~less ant1 impl~cnble cruelty, and 11e
h:~terl above all things the uxme of Christiam. Ilitl~w the
:&re~nitl rliultitude ~ I~~S~~CIICC~ ; I~itLer the lust for plunclcr urges
evol-y onc, and they, who were cager dter the spoil, rrplored
not tho n~nbuscndes tlint lay wound. Many glotfr~rl thcir
appetite with tlie abundance of food they met with, and I~aving

I
rclinrlnishet.I their arms, lay down in owr ~ecurit~, ns il' t ~py
hd been invitell to a f ~ ~ Tllc t . Tub, haling learnt &t
~ n 3noing on, so011 poured iu 011:111 sides, and sI1ouLing with
a tcrriblc IIO~Y~, as is their wont, gninetl :MI my victory ovci.:~
scxttcred and stupificd foe. No one clre:unt of fi:llting, evc1.y
one tho~ight of Higllt ; bat being on foot, Ixlcn ~rit1~ nrnis,
and cxllnusted with thirst tm.1 heat, t ~cy could not cscnpc wllcrl
pursued by an active and moantd enenly. In 311 directio~~s
they wcro routed, and tllrown into confusion ; no quarter rvm
given, nor a captive hlion ;fury coulcl not sa,tisfy its appetite,
and engcr rccals the swortl, wl~icl~ the weariness of the ~trilic~'
11d for n moment laid aside. Wl~crever fear uqctl any one,
he mas slue Lo meet with death; m inevit,able fate Ll~reatcnccl
one 2nd dl. The foe and sln~yl~tcr presentcd tl~e~nselves on
all sides; numbers were wounded, 2nd four tllousand a1.e
reckoned to hnve been slain. Though they I~enrd thc tumult,
and snw the slaughter, the chiefs pre~end to be ignornut of it ;
hard-hearted, inhun~nn, and irnpiomq ccrhinly they were, who
saw their b~vthren Lntclwcd before tl~cn~, and ofered no assistance
to them when perishing, whose ouly crime was the leaving
the amp sgaiust ordew. At lcngtli, when otlm-s 1iesit.ztcd
from sloth, ratl~er than from snger, Ralph de I-Iauhrive, nld~deacon
of Colcl~ester, came to the assistance of those who wcre
sufering and succoured them when on the point of f:~llil~q.
ide was s lnon of I~andsome form and figure, and merited :L
twofold laurel for his escellencc in both 1;incla of wnrfarebcing
illustrious for his l;nowlerlge, and famous in arms. I-le
met with 3 glorions and I~:q)~ty end, after performing mnny
relnnrliable actions iu tbc siege iu wliich he mas tl~en cnglgctl.
The townsmen on seeing the success of their frie~icls, issued
out boldly, and wcnt so fax as to attack and overthrow tioure
of the nearest tents.
CH. XL1.-Of lire ships and sztccours which cnmc to our men.
AP~Rthis sntl shughbr llnd been brought about, by
. wb~ch our strcngth wns considc~nbly dim~niulled, fortune
s~niicdmore fi~vourably;and the west wind sctting in brought
some vessels lode11 with soldiers. bfeanwllil~ the bnrbnr~nn
ilect, mixing itself secretly with our%, got furward, nxd irnita;
ing thc laoguage ant1 ensigns of the Christians, mide n ~ucldcu
and unespcctecl t~pprosehLo the city.

Cw. YILII.-IT'~~~~ mru and ,warriors of the higher and luww grades of
the kily and clcryj came to our mccow
l j 7 1 1 ~ ~ ,thercfure, our ulcn wcre uttcrly pt~rificcl by tile
collst'nni fire of tribul:rtion, and tlte 1re:~vy tri:-~ls wl~icll pettetrstcd
thni to the very sou!, ll~c Lord re,pr,lctl them, ani
wit!drew then1 from the scourge, for He dcsertctl~ not tl~osv
: who hope in Rim, and He grieved over tlicm, and LI.OIIL$I~
them powerful allies from tllc uttermost puts of' thc enr~li,
illastrious men, mighty i11 battle, who not only 111ntle np Sor
I the past valour of the lost arnly, bat also aug~unn~e~l it by
numerous additions. A~nonyst the first thnt Iai~de~l was Count
Henry of Troycs, count of Cltanilmgc, with n po\velful body
of soldiers. There came, also, many others in successiou,
whose names a1.e givw as they nrrivecl. Tltcy wcre : Tlrcobald,
Count of Blois, who died within three niontlis nfter
his arrivd; next caiue Cot~ut Slcphen, the Count of Ulni~wlorit,
Count of 1Cjcaloiis, Mnnserius de Ck~rlnnd, Eer1m.d de St.
Wnleri, Jl)hn Count of Pootiny, Enrd de Castiny, Eolxrt de
Bnon, Adaunius (It: Funtaines, Lollis de Ascln,, IValtcr d'
I Arxillicres, Guy dc Cutellan, with llis brotlm Lovcl, Guy de
Meisicres, Jol~n de I\lontniirnil, John d' Arcy ; also the Lord
of Cnrnte in UurXondy, Gnulert d'Aspretno~~t,C!a~.embdd
(10 P?oycrs, tl~e Disliop of Elois, the Cisliop of To~ilon, the
Bisltop of Ostil~, the Bishop of Mordre (PIord~msis), the
Bishop of Bresciz+ the Bishop of Aste ; also the Patriarch of
Jcrusnlcni, the Arcl~bishop of Ch~ti.ea, the Bishop of Naza-.
rcth ; there wcre also tl~e bishop elect of Acre, sud tllc Arch-
1,isliop of Bcsnnpon, Baldwin, Archbishop of Cnnterbury, and
Hubert 13ishop of Salisbury ; :IS well :LS the Arcbdcncon of
1 Colchester, Rodolph de H:zutcrivc, of whom we have spoken
before, and the Abbot of Scdons, the Abbot of Esterp.
There c:Lme, also, a priest, who was incessnntly active qpinst
thc enemy, hurling darts from a sliug with indef:~tigoblc
'
toil.
There came, also, mauy from Normandy, sucl~ as Wallrelin
de Fermrs, Robert Trusscbot, Richnrd de Vernon with his son,
Chilbert de Tillieres with a strong band of warriors, and
Ivo dc Vipont, Ranulpl~ dc Gl;~nville, formcrly justiciary of
Pin:lnud, Gilbert de Mtdines, nucl I-lujih de Gorney. Ucsilles
these came many from diff'ircnt pnrts of the car ti^, whose

124 ITIXEI~ARY OF RICJIAILD I. [n. I. cc. 43-45.
nnmes have not bcen enumerated ; null if we kn~rwthem
we woulcl not mention ~[IC~II,for fcar of wearying our
hearers.
CH. XLII1.-Iluw Henry of Champape was set over the army.
IIENRYcount of' Troyes at tlmt time laudcd wit11 a strong
body of sol~licrs, into wl~ose II:LII~S W:L\ colnmitted tile ~0111mand
of tl~e nrrny, wbich Jamcs rl'Avcnnes and the Land-
gr:lvc I d l~cld hitherto cot~jointly or by turn ; for tl1e
1,nndgrave being in ill-hcnlth left the camp on Ll~epretest
of returning Ilonle ;-a III:LII ml~o, after performing nlmy
noblc actions, to the :zdnlir;~tion of all, Lmlishcil the bright
glory of hiu deeds by his pusillaninions return.
Cn. XLIV.-llow the dukc of Suabia came to Acre by the posztasion
oj'the marquis.
AT t hi~time, the dnlte of Sunbin, shortly after his fathcr's
denth, wns staying at Antioch with the sons of t11o empcrur,
and the chiefs send to hinl' to rclnain in that qunrter, to m:~l;e
wsr upon the neigltbouriug territory of the b:~rbi:rians. 'lhis
was: sound a d wlluleson~e policy; f'or if be llad occupidd tllc
eneniy by urging tl~c war in nlany places at once, their
enJeavours would Ilave becorne clistractetl, and conscquenlly
me:~ll;cr for iodividual operntiuns. Tlle marquis, who mas
cbwged with this message, fdecl to cxecute !]is instructions
faithfully, and by an invidious intcrpretatiun of them influ-
enced the duke's mind, for 11c rcpresentetl that the chief2
wanted to procure l~is absence throu,$ jealousy, that they
might have the glory of taking the city without l~inl. Son~e
nsserted that the marquis 11nd received from the sultau sixty
tllounnil byznntines to persuade the dulx to cleput ~IYXII
the confiues of iintioch. The duke, tllercfore, on arriving
at Acre, proved a cause of disngreen~ent, lor tlie French llail
an old :md long-standing quarrel with the Germans, since
tl~e lringdom ant1 empire contended for the suprclnacy.
Cn. XLV.--Horu the ma~piis, by the odaicc of the duke, aspired to the
ki?~qdorn.
MORI~OVER, tho nlxrqrlis, sccretly asqisting the muse of the
dukc, to whom ho was re1:rtecl by blood, studiously sougl~t his

A.D, i~90.1 GENEALOGY OQ TllE KJIVCS.
125
presence, that by his means, if he co~~hl, he might obtain the
throne. An accident also favourable to his nisl~es made him
indulge more confidently in 11is I~upes, for prcn~nture ilcath
cnl.rietl olT the queen and the oirsprinx sJ~c l~ad colmived from
King Guy ; but in order that thix point may be more clearly
understood, wc will trace thc suecessio~i of the royal race
from its first origin.
CH. XLV1.-Of lhe gencalopy oaf the X-ing8 of Jcmsalem, and Ihc cawe
why Ihe nzarpir nspb'cd lo the &l~,u,ie.
ITmust be stated that Full

Cn. SLV11.-The tuonrlcrs which I ~ I I J ) ~ L J I ~ &iring L the siege are
subjoined.
MEAN\VIIILR, according to the various events of war, 3s
has been said, success cllanging from one sidc to the other,
there occulwd nunifold incidents not less wonderful tllnn to
be wondered at,, wl~ich seem worthy of our notice.
Cn. XLVI!I.-Tiow a ccrtainpclraria of lhc cnmzy by its rbvngtgllr destroyed
dl our machines, and how al struck one of our mma without
hw-ling him.
OWE5f lhe enemy's patmrice, of which there were a great
number in the city, was of an uunsunl magnitude and fornl,
r~ndas tlie engiueers intended it, able to cast stones of irnmcnse
wc-igllt, the bloms of which nothing conld resist: for it cast
stones of incredible size to a grczt distnnce, and its blow
destroyed evcrytl~ing it *truck. When the stones met with no
obstncle, tl~cy were driven into the ground a foot deep. It
struck and shivered in pieces some of ourpetrarim, or Isendered
them uselcss, nid eitlier destroyed our othcr macl~incs,
or Icuoclred off the part it touchccl. IIIfact there was nothing
so solid or compact, of whatcver Iiind or subshnco, that
would bcar its o\wvI~cl~ning blow, SO great was the violence
wit11 wlioh it actctl. This machine struclc one of our men
from bchillcl \vith :L stone of enormous size, as 110 was standing
wit11 his f:xc tunled may, qrlito nnsnspicious of clanger, not
supposiq that a stone could be sent so far, yet it hurt him
not in thc lon~t, but, rebounding ns from n mountnin, fell
close By, 2nd tile man, wllen he m\v it, was more horrified nt
the sight t11:~n injure11 by tl~c blow. Who does not see by
tl~is tl~e wonclcrfd ~orlis ol Lhe Lud, and that his mercy
is evcr re:+ lor tlwsc who fight for him ? To t!~e praicce of
his niiglitine~ I will subjoiu otl~er of his works.

Fun~u~n~one, one of our body-guard, while mnlliing in
tho ditch o~~tside tlie city wall, either for the purpose of reconnoitering
tl~c weak parts of the wdl, or to strilie any of
tlie enemy he coulcl see with his slinq, stopped nt last ; 110
was armed sufficiently like :L font-sol'dier, with iron hentlpitcc,
cont of mail, and 3 tunic of nlnny fulils of linen, dii.ficult of'
pcnctl-ntion, and nrtifici:~lly wol.keJ with the needle, viilgnrly
a~.lleJnpo,nrpoint, A T~rrlc fivm the wall strncli him with a
dart from 3. sling with great force on the breast, so that it
penetrntcd all the nforen~cntioned, the ilm arn~o~~r ~lesccnclin~
from tllc bed, and the cont cif mail and pou~poiut,but it was
stopped Ly n certziu writing 11a11ging from his neck on his
bl.c:lst., n111l fcIi 011t blontel! alicl twisted as from an iron plate.
Are uot tlle works of God ~nanifcst in the tlart penetrating
Innny folds of stccl, and boording bncl; hl~untcd from a little
scl-oJl? For the man Tas S:L~I~to have worn suspen~lecl from
his brexst, tho nn.mc of (;oal on :I. EcI'oII, thus prnved to be impci~etmblc
to stecl. God iu :L wall of strength to tl~cru tliat
hope in I~irn.
AGAIN, one of our men mas stoopi~tgrlown ontside the
camp, a Turk rode up to attack hiin unawnres, but tl~e solrlier
on ~eeing him ~ Y S I I C sidumays, ~ nnd scarcely linvin,y (lone
what Ile cmm for at tl~c af~~~snid ditch, rose UP I~astily, thou/-'ll
uunrniecl, citlier to nvoitl Iiiu~ :LS 11e came up, 01% by an inl-
pulse from the Lold to receivc 11itn it1 tl~eLPYIway 11e could.
As the Tu1.1: struck at hi111 with the puint of his lance, lic
bcnt down and escaped the b1o.x Ily the protection of God.
" The horse rode by and pwed with scatheless blow."
Tl~e
Turk annoyed at his ill sncces, prepared to repeat the
sttnck, and brnndivhing lris lance, bore down upon the sol-
dier. Wl~atcould the lattcr (lo, unarlncd as LC was ? Ou foot,

single-hancled, and a rwdy prcy for the roc, Ilc callerl upon
God, who is always by liis grxc present with his people, and
seeing a stone by cll:~nce rcndy at II:LII~, IIC aimed it at the
face of llis enemy, wl~ich was cxposed beneath his livln~et, and
it struck hi~n on the temple. Tl~cTurk Scll sturine~l from his
horse, broke his nccli, and dicd ; tlic soldier caught thc horhe,
mounted, and returned to his friends. One who saw the
occurrence, related it; and it is well I~nown as a f:wt in
the camp.
CH. L1.-How a woman on the point of death. while oar men were
@ling the city trench with earth, thww herscy'in invlcad of earth.
ON nnotlm occasion, amougst those who were carrying
earth to make a mound in the ditch for :lssaulting the town
more easily, was a woman who laboured with great cliligence
and earnestness, and went to and fro unceasingly, and encourngecl
otl~ers unremittingly, in order that the worli might
be accomplished ; but her zeal put an end to her life aud
labours ; for while n crowd of all sexes and ,ages were
onstantly coming and going t.o complete the work in qnestion,
and wllile the aforesaid woman wm occupied in clepositing
wliat she had brooglit, a Turk, who hnd been lying
wait, for her, struck her a mortal blow with n dart. As she
fell to tlic ground, writhing with the violence of her pain,
she entreated her husband and many otliers who had come up
to assist I~ar, with tears in her eyes, and very urgently,
saying, " Gy your love for me, my ~lcarest
lord, by your piety
RS my l~usl)and, ant1 the Snith of our mnrriage contracted
of old, permit not my corpse to be xmoved from this phce ;
but I PIXY and heseecli you, that since 1 mu do notliiug more
towards the fulfilment of the work, J may deem myself to
hnvo doni: sonlc good, if you will allow my lifeless body to he
lair1 in the trench instead of earth, for it mill soon be cnrth."
This she urged with supplications to all the multitudc that
stood aronntl, and soon after gave up the ghost. 011!
woudcrfi~l faith of the weaker pex ! 011 ! zeal of wolnnn,
wortlly of imitation, for she ccasccl not, even dead, to liclp
those who I:honred, and in her tleatli continued to shew her
zeal in the muse !

A.D. 1190 ] UORSE CAUGUT IN A FOOT-TRAP. 120
Ca. L1I.-Of the Tiirk's horse caught. in a net.
AGAIN,a common fellow of olir cmnp was sprcnding Iris net
outside the cnrnp, eitller for tl~t: pu~,posc of driving off tl~e
Turks or to catch tl~em if tl~c~y cmlc on ; one of tl1c111 C:LNI(!
rusl~ing forwart1 on horscbnck, anl-1 put thc man to Right beforc
11e lind fillisl~ecl what Ile was i~l~ont; b ~ unnllc ~ t to o\~ert;dte
him, he gave up tile puruuit, w11en he saw hin~ reach the
canlp, arid in his cvccssive intlipltion, he bcgno to pl~rck up
the net. But after pullir~g up wnie polcs by which the net
was fixed with cortls, his horse's head was ncci~lc~~tnlly
entangled and cangllt by the ~et, wl1io11 ,, hc was trying to roll
up in a hnsty, incautions manncr. lhe house, being one of
grmt beauty, was iuclign:mt at being tl~us I~n~~~pcretl, and in
his mild attempts to get free, bccnmc n:orc and mure entanglecl.
&rne of our lncn seeing this, rode down in hnste to~~ard him.
The Turl;, finding his horse cntnngltd, qnickly ~li::~~~ounlctl :mrl
fled on foot, and alt.liough tlepri\d of his stced, escq~cd Iris
j,ursuel.s, frJr few nrl(lecl wings tu 11is feet. I-h vnlueblt:
liors~, {VL~CII lmd broken thc net in many p:l.~.ts, mas with
diiliculty diseutauglod, and became a.n ol)jcct of' co~~tc~~tion,
but wils given to tile msu who lml fixed thc net, ns conrpcnsntion
for liis loss.
CII. LII1.-Of llre Turk's horse l/mt was caught in afool-lrap.
AT snotl~cr time, when, on :LCCOUII~ of the frcque~~t nnd
s~~dclen~llllicsof tlre 'I'urBs, our click orrlcrcd tl~nl foot-trnps
sl~oulcl be nrnde and burie~l in the earth to cscnpc being scen,
it lqpened one day, that wl~ilc sum of our young meu werc
esc~cising by :typoiutment in the plain by throning thrts at a,
n~srl;, so~ne of the Turka, putting spurs to their horse., sutldenly
:~tti~cl;cd them, upon wliitil~ otu. young nren, being nnar~i~ed ad
iuferior in uurnl)ers, retrente(1 to tllc camp. Uut uue of tlle
pursuers, as if trusti~~g in the activity of his horse, too ca~erly
ontstript thc otl~crs, when tlre nni~i~nl was suddeuly stoppcd in
its carcar by bcing cauglit in a ll~ol-t~.;~p, :.(I no ~'fi~rt or 011deavuur
of his rider co111J extricntc Iliu~. The Turk, prcferring
tl~c loss of l~is I~orsc to tint of his had! esc:~[)ed on foot,
uninjured, to his own frieuds. Tbe horse was decreed to bc
given to him wLosc instru~l~ent c:~ugI~i it, viz. Robert Count
of Dreux.
7­

130
r~rrrrm.m\i01. RICIIARD I. [n. I. cc. 5-1-55.
Ivo
ON nnotl~cr occ~sion, as three sidors wsrc concluctinn Ivo
tic Vipnt \\it11 twl co~upmions to Tyre, :l,llrl Il:ltl \V:III~eI.CIl
tc,o [:~r Sro111 the port, SOIII~TLI~~SII l)il.i~tcs, rolning out ill :I
,%"I Icy Srorn im etkly of the sc:~ nc:w tllc inntl, bore dowll Ilpoll
t11~1n; thcy were nboilt ei$y in nun~ber, 2nd wIlon tile
.wilors s:~w tl~cn~ coming near, in their cxccssivc fenr tlley
c:.icd out together, " O htd Clo~l, we s11aI1 be take11 m1~1
~i:~~~gIltcr~d." TO~ Loni1i.o dt! Yipont said, '' Why tlo ye of
littic f:~itl~ Ccnr tboso wl~oin ,you sllidl soon scc dsad ?"
vhcn tho cnen~y's gnllcy appearetl by force of rowing to be
():I tile point of stiiltinq the vc,~.wl with its Leal;, Ivo leapt
iato it a.nd bcqnn to ci~t down tile Turlrs who presscd upon
Iiirn, with the :rxc Ile cnl.riccl in his Iiaud. EI~Bcon~pnnions,
~ l ~ tl~rysari- e n llis wor?; prosl)cr, gaining Imrt, leapt into the
q~sllcy:~lso, nncl citl~ev bclcn~led wl~omsoever they found, or
Icrl than aw:i.y enptivc!~. Thus these rnen triun~phcd \vlio
piwed their hope in God, who linows not llow to bc conqncrctl,
mitl with wllon~ n countcrfcit fnitl~ :~vnilctlr not., nor a
multitucle of' warriors, for it mntters not with the Lord vl~aiher
tho dour 01 battle and the glory of vic.tory rest \vitll a
few or with 1n:uly.
L:I. LV.-The ar7mirnl's pnilalia cleslrogcd bg the Grcek fire with
zuliich If~cmmy proposed to tlcslvoy olw macliines.
AGAIN,wllcn t11e town::inc11 bclielcl a great multitude of
onr people going, ns w2s tllcir wont, in search of provender
for li~e :~ni~ll:ds, they snllicrl ant :~gninst them onilcr the
comninntl of their ndniird I3ellc;eniiuus, n Sn~nous and powerful
Innn, nnrl rusl~cd without care upon then1 ; but onr Incn
witllstood the enemy obstiuately, and aftcr nnny nwt. killed
on 11otl1 sidcs: drove tl~en~bi2ck into tl~e city. BLI~tlle
:11!nlir:11 stoocl lliv grounrl n long tirno, :;s he was a ninn of
grcntcr b1.nvery than tlle others ; wliilc he mas doiug his best
to esccute tile ~nain object of tlrc xtthcl; Ijy ciitt,ing to pieces
or l)urni~~,y wit11 Cheek fire thc ~i~ncl~incs wLicl~ wcre r d y to
:~~ove ng2inst tl~c wnlls of the city, all11 ns, while his inen fled,
lie l:lggcrl I~cl~inilto ncconll~lisll Ibis lr~~r.posc?,a sol~licr,
coining bchi~id, t111,crn llinl 11~111 his LOCSC, :md tlie vcssel in

which 11e carrictl tlm Crcck frc bcing broken by f.11~hll,
I
the inoxtir~g~~iahallo liquirl burnt Ilis genitali:~. So t.11nt
wl~ntIIC I d iutcde~l for our tlctrimcnt became his own
r dcstr~~cti.on.
Ctr. LV1.-Ubw a Twk, utliilc can+n,qtlcc Grcckfke, is cazcgkl in
a ?let h~OlW 1?ZCf4.
ON one occxion, some of our fisl~c~.n~en were tl11,owing
tlrcir nets for fisll at no great distnncc from l:rnd,-men who,
being devoted to this pursnit, gninecl n livelil~ood for thineclves
2nd no s~nnll rclief by selling the fish. It I I ~ ~ ~ ~ ) C I I ~ I ~
one day towsrds sunset, whcn the ncts vcre strctci~ctl uot,
that one of onr nlcn, sittillg on nn clcvatecl spot on SLO~C,
saw n marl swimming nt s dist:luco with his head on1.y nbove
water, and on his pointi~lg him ont, the nforesnid fisbcrmcn
closely pursued tl~c smi1111ner in their Z~oat to mccrtsin whnt
this strange sppenrnnce might be; nnJ when they nl>pro:~cllell
ncarer they perceived that Ile was a Turli. I-Ie was frigl~tcned
at tl~eir shouts and tried to escn.pc, but they rowetl quiolily :~ud
ca~~ght him in their net. The ninn, being nn cxpert swimmer,
hzd drendy passed their ncts with n loncl which he
cnrricd suspcl~rlcd from 11is neck, for he hncl with 11in1 in a
&in Greek tire, destined for thr! Bcsieged in the cit,,y. 111
this way the Turks used to sent! Grcek fire to the besicgeil
by skilful swimmers, :IS tl~cyjndged it the snfcst nntl most
secret plan. Thc fisllcr~nen landed with their c:ytive, mcl
toltl their story to those on shore; and then conducted Iiim
with the lire Ile carried tllrough h emiclst of tllc army, mil
after scourging him severely znd gibing at him, they s::rlly
mwgled, and then dompit:~terl him, 2nd so IIC llnd his rewnrtl.
Thus the Lord shewed that he cared hr his pcople ;
for 110 scnttereth the counsels of the heathen n,nd of pri~~ces,
and brought to nothing the plans which the nlsligoity of the
enemy in~qined.
AGAIN, we tl~i~lli mc ought not to pnss ovcr tl~c ft111on~-
ing fact in sileuce, tl~ougli irksoluc of rclntion and Ir!,r~il,le
to listcli to : vie. that the Turks wcrc waul, lo thc !:cni~cli~I
Ir 2

CH.LVIIL-How a Parthian human was shol 6;/ a JVcZch Bowman,
for not kog~inglu lrix agreement.
IT CIINICC~CI, moreover, oue thy that thc slingers ant1
bowmen, aud dl .who wore ~liillecl in tllrowing missiles,
f-cquc~rtly cb;~lI~:necd one another on both sides, and cliscl~nrgerl
their wcaporiu for escrcisn. When the rest 11;ad
departed from tho ficlcl in their turns, a Parthian and a,
TVelclim~~b e p to aim their arrow at each otl~er in a
I~ostile manner, and discl~nrge tlleni so ns to strike with all
tl~eir. mi;;ht. But the Welcllnwq aware of his foe's intention,
repaid like for like ; on wl~ich the P~rtliinn, malting a truce,
:~ppro"cl~ed him, and wll~i witl~in Ileari~~g, bbognn a padey.
" Of what country are you," said Ilc, "and by what name
mAy Ly be pleased to linov you I I son yon we a good bowman,
and in order that yo11 may be more inclinccl to tell me, I
am a Partllinn by nation, brought up from childhood in tho
art of sl~ooting, ancl nly name is Gmlnmd~yr, of good reputiltion
amongst my people for 111y deeds of renown, and well
1i110wn for my victories." The Welchman told his mine sncl
natioli. " Let us prove," said the Pnrthiiul, " rvhicl~ is the best
Lovi~nm, by cnch ~:~lring an nrrow, and aiming then1 ngainst
one :motl~cr from onr bows. YOUsl.1~11 sfand still first, :md I
will :~irn :In arrow ::rt you, aud a.fterwwcIs you shall sl~oot in lilrc
m:mller at nlo." TIII: IVelel~n~a~n agreed. Tllc Pa.rtl~ian having
fitted his :irrow, an11 p:trtiug liis feet rn tl:c :wt ~quircs, with
his hands strabhed &mludcr, n~id his cycs fi scd 011 the nlal.]r,
'' Lets fly the arrow, failing of its aim."

Tbc Wclclinman, un~mut, domnntlcd tllc fnlfilment trl' tllc Z~OITsaid
condition. L' I will not ;~,~rcn," ~nicl tl~e I'artl1i;c.u ;" Imt
you must stand anotllcr sllot, Gtl then have Lwo at UIC." Tllc
Wclclmrnan rcplietl, '

warriors, moved tlwir ~nnchincs ns con\.cniently ns tllcy could
%pinst tl~e nlurc aid towcr, :l.nd ilnrud iatcIy str,,vc to cast
i~nulcnse n~rcl~ui~s (JJJ it, n ~ llrrow d OII its dcfc~lclc~s wl13tsocvcr
~toncs or \ve:lpons thy Irnd at hand ; while otIlers mere
nppoint.c,l to fight l ~y scn, nnd no less brswly repelled 111oso
wlru ntt,nckecl then1 in that q~i:wter. n'itll the nncllors
tl~y threw on the tower the dcfrnces wcre pulled down,
i~nd tl~c bucklers and shiclds crusl~ed to pieccs. 'rlie
towcr wu nssaultetl for :L long 1i111e with wonderfol and
intolcrnble violence; one prty s~~cc~rrling the other whcu
tired, in rapid succession ancl wilh i~rvirrcible ~nlour. Dnrts
flew with borrid clnsll, nod pondcrons l~rissiles rusl~cd wl~izzin~
throngl~ the air. The Turks give way for a time, for Lliuy wcrc
rrot nblc to mitlistsnd the brunt of the bntt,le; and bcl~olcl ! our
men, irnving fixed tlic Inrlders for scnling the tower, were
rendy to mount, when the Turks, sccing tl~st it was their
1:~tstrl~gglc, and that they must resist our sccnt with
a11 tlrci~ u~igl~t, cast lunsses of enorruous size down to crusl~
our men and tl~row them from the ladtlers. They xfterwnrds
threw Greuk fire on our cnstle, which ah lsst caught fire ;
and wl~en thosc wl~o were in it saw this, tl~ey were obligcd to
clcscend mil retre:~t. An incnlculable slaughter of the Turks,
who athcl;cd our men from the sea, was made; and dtl~ough
tlre design of onr men w:w defe:rted on the sidc of the
towe:, tllosc to scawnrd slcm an innnense number of tho
cnemy. In the end the nrncbiucs were destroyed by tho
devoi~ring fire, toytller with the Lnrret and tlre gallny.
in wl~icl~ thy were lhced, :tncl the upright Indders. Tllc
Turk.?, overcomc with esccssive joy, laughed with loud
shonr,ri, nlnking :I mockery of us, and wagging their heals
at our misfortune : ancl Llie Christians, being dishcnrte~rccl
nbove mc:lsurc, were not lees n~~noyccl by the revilings tlr:~t
were lwq~etl npon thcm, than by tltc losses they hati sustizined.
Ilowcvcr, tl~cir spirit8 wcrc ~~~ise~l by tl~c const:~nt
nrrivnl of strangers, nid they were thus strengthened by tl~c
incrcsse of their ~~u~nbers.
CH. LX-The loionrmrn, wilh great loss to thems~lv~s, 811172 the [rattering-ram
of llre a~cl~bialrop of Besarrcon, with Grcekjre.
~IEANW~TTLE, the nrcl~bishop of De~mpon hn~l cnnscrl to
Be I)uilt, with grcnt 1:lbour nnd nrucl~ eypensc, a nincl~ine
to battcr down the walls, covered will1 iron plates, com­

a,[).1190.1 l3ClRNING OF TI;R 1j.i r'l'linr;.lc-Rn1\1. 135
r11ot11~ ; ~~CC.:LII.SC J repc:~tctl nnd frc-
(lt:t>ut hlnws, nftc~. the Innllllcl* of n mil, it ovcrbltr~\vs thc:
c:dlt:~l n IJ:I~~CI.III~-IXI~ I ~
1111rht solid wnlls. A.not,ltcr very stl.ong r:rtu was hilt by
('o~~nt I:lcnry; nnd tl~c ot111:r pri~~c:cs snd ltcruc,~, eitllclsi~tdy
or ~.on,jt~n~tjv~~l~,
l1:1,,1 C;I,II:;I:I~ to ~ I Crn:ulc tliflerenb
I;i~~tlu or 111ncl1incs: Po~ne I~reI):~rccl sows* of dil-Scrc~~t kinds;
ot1lc1.s pol^^ ; or wl~atsrrevcr cn.cl1 fn~~cictl, or wliicl~ cnmc:
first, to hand. A day wns t,lic~~ :~,l~l~ointc,l for bringinc. npinst
tl~c wrrlls thc instr~~~t~cnts tllst c:~cl~ 11:dprtyjsrc~l. The adlbisl~u~bruugllt
l~isnt:~cl~ine, lilcc! a wiled ~OIIRO, to stril~e
tl~c ~111s ; it l~ncl in front a vcry long runst of n sl~ip,witll
its 11encl covcrctl wit11 iro~~, wllicl~ wns in~pellcd liy ~t~ilny nlell,
nntl tl~cn bcing dmwn L;~ck n!;:lin, W:LS levcllecl \\,it11 grc:~tcr
Sorcc: ; nn~l thus, by flwpnt I)lu~s, tl~cy tried to breid~ or
c.wt ~lown t.hc city walls. Tl~ose who ii11pcIIc11~ I I C ~nncl~inc
Lclow wero st:cure fro111 311 ir~,jur~ tlut cstne from above.
Tile Turk dcLenclccl tl~cmselvcs III~LII~IIIIYfro111 ~ I I Cwalls, nntl
collcctctl :LIICItl~rcwupon it in11ne11,~c 11e;rps of tlry wood, to
s t the ~n:~.cl~ine on fire, mllilc, intlcpcndently of its being
e:~sily 0~.wilc11 by fire, they cnst imulcnse rllnsecs from Lhe
petewin?, without ccnsing. Lnst of all, they tl~rcw on it
Greek lire, nncl tltc illy wood 11:~~ing c;~~rgl~ t, thc mcn in it
saw it 111ust be ineviktbly destroyed, nntl wcrc ol~liged, by the
iutolcrnble heat, to leave it, nntl continue their ntt:~clr with
wllat instrunleuk they conlcl hy l~oltl oE Thc Turks wcre
intl~f:~tignble ill thcir efforts to dcstroy the rnnchinc, by
throwing down imnlcnsc m:Lsrcs on it, or cmsurning it by
:II~:III.~ of liquid nil. Grcat nr:t.s the contcst nnrl show of
prowws hetwccn the Turks nnd Christians; the latter strove
to cstrit~ate the bnttering-r:un, tl~c former to resist tl~cir
:I tten~pts. The fire, oncc ligl~tcd, and fi:d constmtly I)y tlie
Turks, who sp:~rcrl no ~n:lterinl for the pruposc, reduced tho
~mcl~inc to ashes. The C'Il~.i.,tian,? retired, grieving at the
fail~~rc of their cfforts; wl~ilc the Tul.1;~ llnstcnctl to and fro,
with t1n.nc.c~ rrncl sl~outing, 2nd t.l~ougl~t tlicir deeds incomparnblc.
But thy clicl not iusolt our adversities with impunity,
fir thcy lost eigl~ty of their nrrntbcr, 2nd an~ou~fit tl~cn~, 3,
certsin rcnomnctl ndmirnl, :~t whose con11nsnc-l tl~cse tl~ings
wre done ; tllougl~ thcy concenlccl their grief, tlnt their loss
* Sues m~l~olor,
cuntos, sues. Thc sow was a milita~y covering, onder
shelter of which the ass[Lililnts made their approaches to the malls of a
besieged town.

126 ITINERARY OF RICnAIlD I. [B. 1. CC. 61 -62.
might escape our notice. Our chicfs, observing that tlldr
exurliuns llntl not the success they expcctcd, broken down by
their n~isfortuncs, determined to t&o respite for nwhile, 2nd
relax tl~cir cfforts.
Crq. LS1.-Ilow a $eel ofPf1een ship ~unsnd to the aid of Ue tolcwmen,
of zulticica .vmcmlyrrLulwd.
I~IE,~~II~LE, soon :&er the fcnst of SL. RIicl~:wl, n flcet of
fifteen ships nnived firmi Alcsnndriq glittering in go:o18goous
nrmy, :LI~:L short distance one from a.nuthcr ; they an3ived
ton.:~rds dusk, and being driven by n ~~iolent wind, mcrc
unable to slaclien their course. Hence, mheu thcy saw
our army, they drendetl lest we sho111tl go forth to meet
them, and thy could not a~oid us ;but the Cl~ristians did not
venture, as the night was corning on, a11cl the wind hi!$. Tl~e
fleet, too, 11aving gatlmmd together, ma& for the ellain, with
all sped : the three lalgcst sllips, of tl~c kind called
dro~nuus, came behind; the qnlleys, wliich mcre swifter of
motion, went before. !bey bore down violently into port,
md coming into collision wit11 e:rch other, two of thorn dasl~ecl
on the rocks, and most of the men on boa~d perished, n~rlitlst
the shouts and laughter of the Christinns, who behendcd solno
of thcn~ h t were cnst on shore by the f~~rythe of warcs.
Besides this, they seized upon the Inpst of the gnlleys,
wllich was driven by the wind into port, Inden with provisions;
and lrslving killed the crew, they kept the cwgo for tllc~nselves.
The ren~ainder reached the desired hnrcn, hclow tho
chain, in safetny;and wLcn he townsmcn snlv them, they went
out with numberless lamps, and received tllcm with much
pony into the city, overjoyed at their arrival. Ahruwds,
their numbcry being thus al~gniented, they turncd out
of tl~e town those of their men who wcrc less fit for fighting,
Lest their nombcrs should consume tlrcir provisions :~nd
strength ; and so the time was protmctcd.
CII. LX11.-How, on our men Beiny ~ ein t bnlllc nrrny trnder the comeutlril
of Archbishop Baldwin ayrrinsl Saladin, Suladin jies lo Ilie
nrou7duins.
T ~ comrnon E mcn now n~urrn~~red nt tho i~~nctivity of tlm
chieli, and the continuance ol a fruitless blockruh, nntl grew
wenry of tlic bicge; and nllcn the chiefs had COUY~I[L'~(~ for

A.D. 1'190.1 SAL.tDIX PLlW TO THE MOT~NTAINS. 137
somc time what had best be done, thc rcrult vns: tlmt the
enelr1.y on the outsirle sl~onlcl be ol~dle~igc~l to n gencrd cn­
gap~cnt ; for if the l~ostilc :muy gnvc w%y, thc: city would
inore easily 110 n:;saultetl and stor~ned. 011 thc morrow of
St. Martin's, therefore, our chicfs Icd out tbei; trool~s in ordcr
of bnttle into the plain, ill tl~c colt1 rays of a wintcr's sun ;:lnL
WIICII we saw them come forth, with tbcir v:wio~~s stancln~rrls,
the Templnrs, the Hospitdleis, and the otlws, tlrcir nunll)cl;
valour, ai~d varied oost~~it~cs, c~cated in us n~isctl scnti~ne~its
of druirstion, conficlcnce, al~tl ~~~~~~~~e. The clergy clnima!
no small shre of military glory ; for abbots nni! prc1:~t.e~
lecl their OWII troops, md fol~gl~t ninnfully for tl~c faith, joyfully
con tending for thc law of Gotl. Amoug antl above t b
otllcrs, tl~e venerable Arclibisl~n~ Rolclwin distir~guisl~ctl I~imself;
aud althol~gh his nclvnnccd age might have incli~ietl him
to inactivity, the perfection of his virtucs nmde up for tlho de-.
fect of nature. Raising the standard on which w : in::cribcd ~
the name of tlle glorious mnvtyr 'l'l~orr~ns, he found for it u
meet and wovthy company; fo~two hundred Itni,~hts and
three hundred followers served in thc p y of thc l~oly Inan.
H-e hirnself, wit11 the duke of Snsbin, anil TheobnlJ, connt
of Blois, hnxl chnrge of the cmnp ; and hnving pcrfor~ned
the duties of the ptriarch, mlio mns ill in bed, he blcmctl nnd
gwe absolntion to the army ns it weut forth. Nor could the
noble bishop of Salisbury endnre to be absent from the hay,
but he performed the duties of s soldier in the field, a lmder
in the camp, and n pastor in tllc churcl~. Townnls sunset,
when the army hid advanced and pitchccI tlicir tents,
the townsmen czmo illto tl~e v:lcn.l~t space, and bwst upon
the Lcaggage to pluticler it; but our men received thcm manfully,
and putting tlmn to flight, saved their frien~ls without
sustaining my loss. At night, the sultan ordered $1 his
tents and property to be c~r~iecl to the mo~tntxins ; aucl wlnt
could not be moved in time was burnt. It ww thc port of a
~pirit conquered and hesitating, thus decliuing bnttlo on the
plain, to destroy his omn property, cllango his position, antl
retreat to the mountains. Wl~en he found a spot not ensy
of access, he I~nlted ;:~ndsent out nn overwhelniing ni~n~lcr of
infmtry sncl bowmen to check those who should puslie, thnt
at least he might annoy from above, those w1w111 IIC fc~rrdto
engage at close quarters. Our men, thercfurc, cllentcd of

CH.LST1I.-Fkro Ihr Tub.fm~,m*r/Rt with n ~?,ndy of our Inm, uJ)Lo/mtl
ywrc u d du L;ri@u jbr pwvisioiw., and mmc ?Y~u?~L~II~, alrd how IheY
yiehlcd.
A~mnthis, l~eariug that proviaione, of wlljch tl~ey were
much in w:~nt, inigl~t be pwuretl at C:riIh, the army poccetleal
in tllnt Jircotion ; but when they came to n place cnlled
Rccortlnn:~., Irchold the Turlis sutldcnly rushing tlnwn, ni:ulc n
fieroc allaclc oil tl~em, tdcing thcni for fugitives ; some of tllcln
threw their dints, otl~ers pressed on with tl~eir spears ; one
party m:do loud shouting, mother blcm their trunlpeb lila
horn, to frigl~ten those who were flyiug. Our ulen, 11:rving
pilchecl tl~cir tonts in the plain that night, kept quiet till
rnornhg ; and then they s;w tllc T~~rlts in vast ~~lmbors sor-.
rou~~tlil~gI ~ I on I $1 sides. Our men tcrrilied at such o
mu!tituclc, luving taken up tl~cir arms, rind put tllelnselves in
srrzy, went forth in bnttlc array to met them ; yet the T~ults
did not venture to ottl~cl;, but gave way as our ~ncn GWIO on,
altl~ougli their own uumbers were countless. I-Iaving Ilenrd
that time wcrc no provisions at CaiKt, ns thcy supposctl,
for tl~e 'l'l~vlythe euenly, who
wcro const;~~~lly engage11 iu throwing nlissiles, rind thrcntc~lir~g
them without cemiug, ns \rcll as Ilnrxsing them in the rear.
Thy l~~rasscd our ~ I C UIIIIICII, for tl~e foot, ii)llon~crs and bowmen,
wl~o occul)icd the re;u of our nrnly, wcre forced to Iteel)
f:rcing d~out and discllnrging arrows st their pursuers without
intermission.
On tl~c I'ollowing night they pitcl~cd tlieir cnmps closo by
the st.rez~n, and 11nd very little rcst, Imt much mxiety;
for thcy werc obligcd cicher b drive off the enemy, who
nttdied them opcnly, or wntcll ngzinst liiclilen anlbus­

A.D. 112u.1 NARlXlAGE OF Till: ~UI\I:QUIS. 139
CR.I;X1V.-Wit/r rulral t~u;ks/A(! marpis c,yo?w.edihc urfi of Reinfrcd,
who was gcd dive, Lr wdw lo gain the Beirslr@~of lhe kingdom.
NOWt li~111:irqui~, Itwing [or swne time zypircd to the glory
of rcignir~~, on sccing a wa,y open to his wisl~w, n~dc Iri1i1self
coufirlcnt of obtsi~~ing the I

140 ITWERARY OF RICIIARD I. [n. I. C. 6.i.
tlie hope of pining the ltinfyloln in the rigl~t~f Itis wifea
person more al;i~~ to :I \mtunn than n nnn, effelr~in%tf; in
mnnller :>.11t1 louse in hng~agc, and to whom tl~:~t verse of
Virgil applies,
" Wliile Nnture douhts, if bny or girl be mnde,
You're borr., kir boy, to be u pretty judc."
For one clay, wbcn, at tl~c mnuclnte of the chiefs, Reinfrccl
h:d brouyl~t forwnrd his wife, he lost his bride and his
Iringtlon~ together by the a,rts of the rnalq~~is. 011wicbcdncss
worthy of tho s:ttirist2s pen and of tragic, declnmstio~~ !
For if we uontlenin the: rape of FIelen, the p1wc11t clectl is nirich
more b:lse, and its i11,justice greater: for Ilelen was stolen,
sl~r~~olkitiously stolen, in the :~bsenc~? of her l~osbs~~d, whcms
this one wns violently vitl~tl~*:~rnn in his presence. Rut tl~nt
the nct might lose the infiw~y of its wrong, the girl is giwn
into the keeping of a sequcstrator, mlde the jutlqnent of
tile clergy is :;o~~gllt for s divorce. The maqnis, therefore,
t~myered with t,he clergy by gifts :bnd wiles ; he sou~~dcd ~~1.1
those whom he believcd agrcc~tble to his purpose and effects,
by immense largesses and the fn.scination of gold, to corrrl lpt
their judicial i~npnrtinlity. The report of so great n, wiclrednesv
was csrriod to the ears of the most sacrcrl metropolitan
of Cnntcrbury; it nrollses his inuocencc to xhmis11ment,
and inflames tlic nn;;ele of the defender of t,hc law.
While he performed with clue riqour the cllrtics OF the pntriarch,
who, as we mid, wassick, tl10 hiencls of the marquis tried
to q11~11 tl~c~crdict wl~ich W.ZS to tc given, un(lcr the pretest
of nppeol. Three of hi3 chief f:~vonrit.es verc ltegil~al~l, lold
of Sidon, Pxpn, of the cnstlc of Caifh5 and Ralisantus;
nnrl there would lisue bren :L fourth, the count of 'J.'ripc~li,
lm! IIC not gone ~.wn.y, who woultl hnve fornletl this consummate
couucil of iniquity. For in them, ;1r in n.n i~botle of
wiclietl.ness, mero united tlie trenc1ier.y of Jcrlns, tl~e cruelty of
Noro, the irnpiety of Herod, and dl that tlic prcucnt or oitlen
timcs regwiled ns :~h~ninnl)Je and wiclied. Now, n;dis:rnt~~.s,
on Anrnlric'y dcnth, l~nd n~:~l-rii.,I Itis mife, tl~is d:~rnsrl'~ ri~otller;
and she, h:~vi~~g i~nbil)cd fron~ her rl~ildl~ootl t.hc lowest G.I'.~'~ci%il
morals, II:~ ,z I~nrbsn~l siruilnr t.o licrsclf in Icvity, nntl
fnitl~lessness. The mnlyuis wins tl,en, lmth over I,y prawnts
and promises, to persi~:uIothe: $1.1 to lldcr n co~~~l)l:~i~~t, t11:~t she

lied ~nnrrictl Reinfret] aphnst her will, that she had always
opposed it, and that the marriage co1111l not stand, becnusc she
11:ul never given hcr consent. This plot is entircly succcssful,
:mtl the woman easily cllnnges her ~nind; for a
feltiale is always variahle and cllangc:~l,le, her sex lid, her
n~i!ld fickle, and she deliglits in novelty; so she lightly rcjccts
and forget.s those w11or11 sl~o knows; the girl is thus easily
taught what is bad, and willingly receives evil advice, nnd so
bluvhed not to say that she was not cwricd aw:l;v, but 1i:ld
followed the n~arquis willingly. Indecd the chiefs tllcmselves,
in defiance of justice, used their eftork to bring it
about tl~nt the mnrquis sl~oi~ltl ha~c the 1ri11,grlom and the
damsel. The venemble nrchbisl~op of' Cmterbury seeillg that
justice and eqnity were pcrversely confouuderl, and that eccle.
sinstical authority woulcl be rejectell ; perceiving also tllnt the
clergy, with some of the bisllnl:.*, who 11ad a sounder miud and
more fcrvent zeal, niorl~~ured :w far ns they dared ;he pronounced
sentoncc: of excomm~inicatic~n on tho% who h~d con-
tracted and agreed to this ui~l~oly wedlock, and not undeservedly,
becauso lie 11:~cl col~obitci! with :~nothcr mnn's wife, and
taken her to his own house and espo~~scd her, by the nriuistry
of the bisllop of Beauvais, nncl bccallsc he l~nd a wife in his own
muntry, and anotl~er in Const:intinople, both of noble birth,
young, and bmutiful, and suitable to his position ;whence the
clergy cl~ar,ved him with tllreefoitl a.dultery, and as far as they
could, spolio .qninst the act wllicli the holy clinrch dcenicd
impious. Those wl~o favourecl 11im tricd to excuse tl~elnsclves
on the plea that the marquis had srnol~~ to supply the army,
when in much want, with an ~~b~~nd:rnce of pro~ision from
Tyre, on wndition of their aidilly llin~ in the marriage; but he
had set at nought his oath, aud t~m~grc~seil the sanctity of
his honour, for hc \vho is faithless in a little, fcnrs not to commit
a grcster crime. And while the nuphls were celebrated
wit11 cpat festivity, it happened tI1a.t some of our men,
WIIO Itere guests at tile feast, Ilaving gone t.o a s~io~t clistance
from the spot, mere set upon by an :~lnbuscndeof the Turlts,
and some talteu, others elain. Tliis mas the commencement. of
misfortunes. I-lere the Bath of St. Lice wns taken, and
whether tl~c Turlis kept him captivo killed Iiirn, was uever
lw~wn:~ftr!rwards. Twenty men wore talicl~ prisoners or slain
on this occesiun.

13u.r tlrc ulnrqois, hnvilrg ~.~IIC~I his mislres, ~.et~!~~~d to
Tyro qniclr1,y witli Iris wif4):I.IK~ hix men ; n.ud tl~e amny w;ls
di~n~pointctl in their espcct:~tion of obtaining tltro~t~l~ lliln 3
supply of provisiv~~s. J?01,, 011 thc contrary, citllcr f~r,~~tfi~l
of tllis ag~~ecrrler~t, or ~.rngr:~tcfol for what was done for 11i111,
he did not sc~~l so 11iuc11nu an c g wwlren the army \vns in
dsn,yv of stnrv.ztion; but, both p>~:jlrrer and liar, Ire wo~~ld
riot :dlow thorc \vllo wislrecl to mil to Acre witli 1)rnvisior~s to
dcpwt. Tl~c~~cfore, tbe want of prn~isions inwcnsd ~l:~il,~
amongst tl~c besiegers ; littlc or notliiug was fot~nd to l~urchnsc,
:mi ~~othing W ~ bro11~1rt
S by sbips.
WII~Nthc :~rclrl)is110pof C:mtcrbrwy saw w11n.t hc I~n.tl
bcforc I~cnrd, tl~st tile nrmy 1rd bccon~e dtogetlicl. disd~~tc,
2nd given to drililring, wonren, and tliuc, it nftIicte1.1 his spirit,
un&le to bcnr RIIC~ICX(:~SSCS, evcn to the ~vcnril~ess of lifc.
A1111 becmse discsc wl~icll is gencrnl is diiticult to cure,
wllcn 0110 day the worst reports of this kind reached 11i.s cars,
l;nowing that mnn is cllnrwd wit11 tllc mre or things, tl~ol~glr
the pomer of cre:~ting is%d's, he siglled and uttered them
wolds, 0 Lord God ! now is t,here need of c11:rstcning and
correcting with l~oly gmcc, that if it plense thy mercy that 1
sbonld bc removccl from the tr~rnioil of this prcscnt life, I lnve
rcmninetl long enough in this :umy." Bc;~rccly fiftccn days
aftcr these words, xs if Iicwd by Iliu Lord, he bcpn to Sccl
colcl and stiff, and overcomc by a fcvcr, a few days n.ftcr 11c
slept in tl~c Lord.
CII.LXVI1.-Of the billernc>:sof 6Bcfamine amongst ow men, clod the
euormozlsprice of ]~rovisiu~~s, which warr tho cause of tlm'r cta'si~zythe
marpw.
MICAKWIIILR, tl~ewant of provisions incrensetl d:~ily, nncl t!~e
~nirltlle an11 lowcr cl:~sscs werc torrncnted at first corrti~~~lo~~sJy
mtlier than conshntly by the spproacliing faminc, the more
se~wely2,s thc n~ai.clt!is pxvnricatod nlorc sl~nniefully. Novcrtl~elcss,
Iic scnt prov~s~o~~r: mxot1.y to thoso rrcconrj)liccs :md
favourers he 11ad won ovcr to join in his illicit nncl irnl,iorts

ilnnsnction. And now the llighcr rnnlts of tl~c nrmy obtninctl
11:~rdly sutticicnt food to susk~irl lifc, :LIILI tl~e winter
w:~:; rlrnwir~g near, a pried wllcn thoy wrc: usdly Inorc
proclip1 nnd l~~xuriuus, formcrly nbundnnt in 2.11 lrintls of'
l'oocl, but now mith tllc cl~;~n:,.e of circumstnnccs tbre:~.teninq
\v;211t; :~nd the Lun,gry sto~nncll, oi~cc ovorlt~ntlc~l, now bccntnc
s:~ti~ficdwit11 any food it could procurc. The gm~lyt:~blc
]mil co~~s~nned their snbstnucc, and not sntintiug the SLI:LI.~
a.ppctitc of tl~ose who werc in sc:~~di of it, they vcro vorrt
nwry by hungcr, being without the common ncre~saricsof
life; they fdt it so n~ucl~ the more sevcrdy, :u;it vns tho
ti111e when they wnrc nccuston1ec1 to dainties, l'he hent cf
the senson, too, atl~detl to the horrors of the in~pcndin~ famine,
n~td want is always fclt mow sc\wdy by those who haye
brcn brougl~t np in ntHucnce. \Yl~y nccd we say more? A.
mocle~nte rne:~sure of wl~cnt, wl~icL n, man codtl C:LI.I.Y under
Itis nrnl, mas sold for IOU mrei, z cl~iclxnfor twclvc sols, and
an cgg for six clcnicrs. Cy tl~csc esnmples, tl~c ratcs of 311
ot.llcr kinds of provisions m:ry bc in~:~,;;inctl. Tl~c tLrrny then
cursc~l tlw ~~~nrquis for \vilL~Irnwii~g thcir means of s~~pport,
:mcl bccnuse tl~rough him tlxy stoccl in tlangcr 01' starvntion.
Ca. LXVIII.-HOZII om. men, ,while pcmhing of famz7u, ate the dead
bodies oflhcir lrorseu, wilh Iheir i~~rlcsli~res.
F,I~~INE, ns me have sniJ, nrgcs to t11c co~nn~ission of
crimcr, ant1 yet pardonable ones, 1>)r tl~c Lord created 311
thin:.< fov mnn, an11 gnvc t1rc.m infh his Lnnrls to br of servico
to him, tint man should not pclish while be:~sts lived;
they therefore slcw valuable I~orsrs, nncl witltont taking oE
the sI

CII. LX1X.-Now he who 71ad somc food ate it sewetly.
INp1.oy1~~ of tin~c, the fxnline i~~creased excec~lingly for
want of provisions, nntl if my onc hncl :~ny thing nppehiuing
to food, 11e hid away sccretly for his own me tht which was
cnougl~ for morc than once, in order tlmt it n~igl~t not be t~l;cn
away from hi~n by force ; ar;d t11~ it, I;~ppcnccl that little w;is
exposed for sale, nn11 wbntsocver they had they did uot distribu~!for
colnlrlou use: but the poor mn~l mas c\.crywl~cro in
wnnt. IIencc their detestation of the nnrquis for r!el~~ivi~~g
them of tllc mcnns of subsistence, ;w: by his nlenns they mere
deprivccl i:f foo~l, al~cl stoo~l in dmger of stnrvntion.
CII. LXS.-f1uw those who wrrc once dclicntr! ute gvass.
Wacn~voi~ by cl~:~ncc gnus wns discovcrctl growiug, it rvns
greedily clcvourccl by mou wl~o oncc were brougl~t up delicxtely,
ulcn of l~i,gli rnnl; :~ntl tl~e sons of grc:~.t nlcn ; tl1cy
fed OII YrnFs li1;c Oci~sts, thL tl~c violence of f;unint: migl~t
bc estiilp.~~isl~ctl by such food, wl~cnce many, let1 to ~C:LSVIL
by necessity, 1)I:~itcd I~crlx fit for eating an11 good for driv­
ing m9.y the lnnl,rij of hunger ; a~lcl such as hyonce
tieq)isctl n~lclLelicvecl not fit for Irunlnn use, the gre:~tncss oi
the famine III;L~C now most SIVCC~ to the stnr\~in,g. Oh!
tlion, tile voice of tl~e poople, cursing tl~c pcrficly of the
mzrqnid! Ircc:a.u,.c 116 cared not for !.he misery of a stnn-ij~g
people.

'#­
I
) A.D. 1190.1 OUR MEN PIGIIT FOR BREAD. 145
clwwcrs, by their constant and continuous fall, I~ad such an
injurioos upon .the soltliers, that, wit11 the excess of the
;dRiction, tlicir limbs bccorning swollen, the wholc bocly mns
:iKectcZ as wilh the dropsy, and from the violence of the
clisense, tl~c tceth of sonlc of them were loosened and fcll out.
0 tlic I:m~entations of cicL of tl~en~ ! 0 the sorrow of dl!
while those who wcre safe grieved for the sl~fferings of their
comizdcs, 2nd day by clay saw tbe funenls of their friends,
for every clay they performed the rites of a thousand mlro had
perished. Some, however (but they were few), recovered from
their disease, and becoming more engcr after food, repined
l~calth ouly to suffer the esccvvive lniscries of famine. 0,
tl~en, thc voice of the people, cursin$ the perfidy of the
marquis, for he carcd not for the s~~flerings of tlre perishing
pcuple !
Cn. LSSI1.-How our slamring men fouyhl at the oven.
WIIEREVER it was Iaomn tint bread wm baking nt the
oven, tl~erc was n concourse of the people crying out and
snying, "Here is money; we will give what price you please,
so tllat, you give us plenty of bread." For ex11 %lied to be
served first, offcring a price in exchange for bred, 2nd each
violently struggling to s~rntch from the others what tbey had
not yet received, and perh:lps ncvor would. But as often rn
it hnppcx~ed that any of the rich bought much bread; then
arose mourning, anr! sonow, nud clamour anlong tl~e poor,
united in one voice of wailing, when they saw that quantity
of Lreacl cnrlkl away Ly the 1ic11, which, if distributed in
portions, might have clone good lo the poor a8 far as it would
go. They eagerly offered tbe price of the bred at the will
of tbe scller ; but, becnuse any moderato quantity was not
ennufill for so great 5 niultitude, tl~cre arosa frequeut imd
angly disputes, qnmds, contentions, jedowies, and sometimes
fights around the ovcu which couhiued the brcsrl. and thry
contended for it like dogs beforc they were sure of obtaining it.
0, then, tlre voice of the people, cursing Lhe perfidy of tlre
msrquis, for IIC cwcd not fur the wretche(lnc.ss of a perishjag
people !

146
ITINERARY OF RICHARD I. [D. I. CC. 72-74.
BIJTwho can writc or set forth how great their misery
mas-how grc:~t the qencml suffering, when some were seen
from the pressure of famine running ;LI,ou~ lilw rabid dogs: and
suatching up bones that had bccn gnnuwl by clogs for three
clays togctl~er, and sucking and liclting them wl~en tllcrc was
nothing on thcm to be gnawed, not becn~~se thcy dirl tl~eln any
good, but because they grntifictl the imagination wit11 the re-
~nembrance of flesh ? What need we add to tllcsc horrors?
Thc enemy, l~amssing them by constant :~ttxl;s from both
sides, when they slewthen] suddenly, were lleld less terrible tl~an
the violence of so great a famine ; for the former put an cnd
to their lives 2nd their miscries by the edge of the sword nnd
at once, whcrexs by the famine they pined away in Iengtllenecl
torments. Oftentimes, in the sight of d l, thy whom hunger
Iiad stripped of shame, fed upon nbominable nurl filthy thinqs,
found by chance, and ml~ich cannot be namcd; yet tl~ey
deemed them delicious food, though unlawful for man to
make IHC of. 0 the voice of the yeoplq cursing the
perfidy of the marquis, for he cared not fur the wretched-
ness of a perishing people !
CH. LXX1V.-Haw noblemen also, when lhq had not whermilh lo
hyhad, stole it.
FROMsomo other instances worth relating, thc ~nagnitude
of the famine may be estimated; for in those who enclnl~ecl
it pztiently according to the flesh, it may be not undeservedly
considercd martyrdom, nnless pcrchnnce by murmuring
they dimiuisl~ed the credit which thcy would thus have
received. The pressure of necessity moreover led to the
commission of many disgraceful acts; and somc even of noble
extraction, who were on that account ashamed to beg openly,
fenred not to sin in secret to obtain the subsistence so clifficult
to get honestly, and merc in the habit of stealing bred.
Thus it I~appened that one man was cang11t in this kind of
robbery, 2nd wa,~bound tightly with thongs, in which condition
he was placed in custod;~ in the house of thc man who
had caught him, who was a baker : and wl~ile the family was

very n~nch engaged in domestic matten, by some nlovelnrnt.
or olller, the captive ~nnnapl to gct his l~ancls loose, nncl ns
11e was plsced by chce closc Ly a heap of new lonvcs, IIC ate
his full nnparcuivccl by any one, and then esqing wit11 one
loaf in his hand, rcturncd nul,unishetl to his frientlu; and
nft.cis telling his story distrib~~tccl the bred he llotl in his
llnnd to then1 to eat. Dot what w3s this alnong so many ?
Want irritated the sppctite, 2nd esnspcrntcd mthcr tl1n.n
quieted I~ungcr. 0 tbcn the voice of the peoplc, cnming the
perfidy of the marquis, lwcause he cared not for the wrclcl~edness
of a perishing peoplc !
CH.LXXV.-How rnmy turn apostates from the Billerncss v" flre
fu~um.
W~AT was still woisc, some of onr men, and it cannot be
told or hcard without grcat grief, ga~c way to the sevcrit;y
of the famine, and in paying :~ttcntion to their corpol-cal ilnfct~r
incurred tl~e dsn~nation of their SOII~S. For nfter liaving omrcome
a great part of their tribulation, some of our men
taking refuge amoug the Turks, dicl not Imitate to turn
apostates, and to procure for themselves by wicked blasphemies
eternal clenth, that they might enjoy a little Iongcr this
mortal life. 0 pernicious eschnnge ! 0 crime for which no
punislment can suffice! 0 foolish men like nnto senselcss
beasts ! while ye Red from tlm death, which n111st soon onmi-,
you took no care vainst the death that is without end ! For
if a just man livetll by hith, perfidy is accounted doatl~, bnt
tile conscience of all who act foolishly must be purged. Then
they execrate tho marquis for brenliing his couenznt, and imp~ecate
evil on him 2nd mortal woe.
CII. LXXV1.-Uow 221.0 friends buy thirteen beansfor a deniw.
TEEREwere two friends, comrades in misfortune as well as
in war, so needy and distrcscd that the two possessed only
one piece of money, con~rnonly called an mgovin, and with
that only they wished to purcl~ase something to eat ; but whnt
coald they do ? It was a mere trifle, and wort11 little, even
if there had bcen nbundance of all sorts of good things ;and
they liar1 nothing else but their armonr and clot.l~iug. They

148 ITINERARY OF RICIIARD J. [I

SOMEwcrc driven by the pl.ess1ve of the hninc to cat Rcsh
in the bcgi~~ning ol' Lul~t, on what is cornnioi~ly GLIIC~I Jsh­
Wednesd:~y,-not because they 11ad plent,y of it, but becnuse
it mas more easily ubt:~incd : afterwards, I~owcvcr, as the
famine slackened, they rcpentcd and made pi.oportionate
penitence. Above nll those things, during the wl~ole of that
winter, the charity of id1 was SO cooled by the fenr of wnnt
of nioucy, that n lnnn did not evcn slinre Lis ueccs,&es with
his friend, their little faith le'ding them :o c!oul,(; God's
love, n.ncl to believe that if they shared ~ritli ntiirrs, they
tl~e~nsclves woulcl lack the nect~.ssal~ics of lib. To socl~ :z
degrec the vice of pn.rsi~mny, and tl~e co~~cr:~llne~~t of their
stores increased, tll:lt even they Iiid wllat they Ilacl, and
thosc that ha11 W ~ I ~ I !1110~1g11t nol to hnvc at :]]I. What tlicl
the voicc of so mnuy in wuit tl~en i~nprccntc on tllc ninlqnis 7
Who did not tl~iuli I~im the ceosc of so ninny I)ci~ig ill
jcopdy ?
CH.LXXIX-Tire exho~lationof 2?1(! bishop of Salisbwy nnd some
hers to lhe rich, to makc collcclions lo asA6 Lhcpor.
TIIEintercourse of tllc filitl~fnl bcco~ning bcyond mensuro
clleclced, am1 no one tnlring thouglit or notice of the poor
and nccJy, the inhny of this want of hit11 estcndecl itself
to all. The bishop of Salisbnry was nctive in shewing that
notl~ingWRS grenter tlmn cl~arity, not,bing more accciptnl)le to
God, notl~ing more fruitful thaw to give ; and to this end he
incluced all, by his powerful persumion, to open Ilicir hancls
aud distribute to their neigl~lours, to givc to tllc ncedy, n ~ ~ d
support the perishing, lest, if they neglected the wants of others,
they sl~o~ilcl not obtain their own ; for it is saitl that he who
liectls them not when 11e may, is the mnsc of dcath to the
languishing : 11e sllcwed thnt he was guilty of' another man's
dcath, m110 refused i;o nssist Ilim when he coulcl ; for we arc
commanded to give drirdc Lo our encmy wlicri tliirsty, and to
fced him when hungry. Am1 the bishops of Nerronn :md
Pnenxn in Itdy, ewnestly assisted iu his esliortntion. Iu con-.
sequcucc of the erl~ortntion and urgency of these men, n
collection w ~ 3nindc for clistribution a.mongst tLc poor, and
eo mauy and so great were the llexts God moved to con­

tribute to tlrc support of the needy, tll:~t the Ilnnpy were
grmtly rocrnitccl; and the substnnce of thc gi\rers, ;dso,
lly the grocc of God co-opcratin~, wnr not dirnillislleiJ.
Tllen arose fresh joy, then thc lips of many Llcssc.J tile
givers, tlrcn mcrc bcnefits multiplied, then it is said tllat
pity was turncd. ptcfully towards then?, wllilst the powerful
yearnecl wit11 compassion over the n.fflicted. Among tile nlost
active in pcrforrning thesc dut,ics, mere Wntlin de l'errars and
Robert Trusebot, nnd not behind them were &nry count of
Cl~rnnpngne, ,Jocclin de Montoirs, as wcll as tho count of Clairmont
; and the bis11op of Salisbury, who was the first promoter
of tliese good deeds.
By the care of tliesc men, aided by thc otl~crs, every oue
contributed uccorcling to his means to s common fund, that it
might be distributed to ex11 m lie lind need. Thus, those
whose 11e:~rts were bcforc cold under co\w of the ashes of
avarice, through God's grace becnme fervent in deeds of
charity, and bccause they were converted to conlpassion the
Lord regnrdecl and magnified his pity with them, accorcling
to his words, "turn unto me and I will turn unto you, snith
the Lord."
CH. LXXX-How a small ship arrived with provisimzs, and how that
which cost a hundred gold pieces one day, was LouyWtfor fbur on Ihe
morrow.
FORwhile a11 wero enpgcd in these workn of chi ty, bcholcl
tbe Lord scnt a ?hip laden with provisions, by which thc
former scn.rcit,y of hod was very n~uch nlleviatcd. For
SO great a want of bread had not cxisted becausc there was
no corn, but because thc sellers aslced sucl~ a price for it from
the buyers, that it could sctzrcely be obtained for a large sum
after much bargaining; for what will not avarice do ? Tho
aforesaid ship, which was but n small one, ltsd arrived, as I
think, on a Saturday ;and on tho morrow, n mensure which hnd
been sold hitherto for n hundred picccs of gold, by the bounty
of God, the dispeuser of all good things, was lowered to four.
Meanwhile there arise3 among the people nn unr~sual I~ilarity,
the nvnricions merchants being the only pcrsons who grieved,
owing to the ilccrcase of their wonted gain, and with dificulty
concealing it. Bot why need I my more '2 Thcre is no
counsel against the Lord, for he cloeth whatsoever he will.

A.D.llD0.1 TllE 1I;INaSOF ENaLAND AND FRANCE. 151
CR. LYSS1.-FZow, when a Pisma w&7d lo kcq~hispmiitinm till the
morrow, his house and provisio9u tvwo col*r~nmlby$?-e.
A csxraln Pisnn, a sellcr of provisioi~s, 1i:td Ixpt some corn
uutouched during ~lle mhole ycnr, ullt.il he could sell it ac-
cording to Lis wishes heredtor, expecting that the famine
woulcl increase ; and if st my time he sold any, ho sold it at
Itis own price, as Ile liked, to those who could not do without it.
But Qod,by his judgment,shewcd the wiclredness of this action,
for it happened that the house of that Pisan, filled with wheat,
suddenly and violcutly csuglit Lire. And though very ninuy
hastened to extinguish the fire, their eRortu were iueiI'ectunl,
for every thing ws dzstroyetl.
CR.LXXXI1.-How allvied ingiwiny awaymcat, andhow apenance way
enjoined on those who ale what was unlawjil.
ALLtherefore being emulously engaged in such works of
piety, strove with a.11 their might to di~t~ributadm; while
each one iu his zed was eager to outdo his neigbbo~lrs in bounty,
thinking that he was performing an acceptable duty to God,
if he could more abundantly xlminister what was ueccssasy
to the necdy. Those also, who from necessity fed on
flesh during Lent, as we before mid, repeuting of their
guilt, after each had receivcrl penitence from tllc ill~~strio~~s
and venerable bishop of Bidisbury, undertook with a YOTV
to perform proportionate mtisfaction as was enjoil~cd them.
BOOR 11.
CH. 1.-Of tho kings of Eugland and France.
AFTER E.zster arrived Philip, king of Fn~lce, and not
long dter him, Richard, ldng of England ; but in order
that thc coul3e of their voyye may be more fully known,
it secms .advisable to commence our l~istory from their first
departure from their kingdo~ns, so that it may be set furth, in
the due order of events, until it reaches the period of the
siege of Acre.

152 ITIHE~A~YOF RICHARD T. [n. 11. c, 2-
CH. I1.- Of llic cmulalion of the FrncA and the B.n'ngli.sh 271 lakittg 187,
lkc CI.O.YS.
W.rr~nreport, Llien, Ild sprcad these events, as we I~nve ilcscribed,
tl~ro~lgl~ont the worllcl, t11:~t tllc cities of tllc Hdy L:lnt.[
were in I)oszcrsion of il~ficlcls; tbat tlic lroly rdim wc1.c scorn-
fully trentccl and trodden under foot; xncl tllst the CIiristi:~ns
were plundered and despoilecl, the cmpircs wcre moved by t ll~
most strenuous exliort,ation of Pope Gregory VIII. ;and niany
of various nations mere aroused, nd above dl, tl~e French
and English devoutly took up the sip of thc croq znd prepared
with all their streugth to I~ur~y to the aid of the I-Iolp
Land, being incitecl like David to tslre vengeance on the
Philistines, who were defyill:, with their Goliath, tbe oppressed
arnlies of the God of Jorusalern. For the chief pontiff
earnestly stimulated all to obtnin by thcse means pardon for
tlicir sins, and according to the sut11orit;y with which lie wis
iuvest~d, Gave them absolution from tl~c guilt of their past
transgress~ons,if they would devote themelves to the performance
of so pious and so necessary a work; yoving
to then1 that they would deseiredly be the happ~cr for
undertaking the mission st once, in fervent zed annd
without delay. Yea, their journey mould be tl~e more
yraisemortliy, nnrl their endeavours many times mom exccllent,
in behalf of a place, though desolate, yet rendered
holier by the divine niysticd promise, and which was consecrated
by tlm nativity, dwelling and pwsion of our Lord.
Moreover, it was rlist,ingr~ial~ed, by tho divine choico, from
every other nntion ; and being lLis dwelling, ongl~t to be
snntcl~ed from tho I~catlien, of whom the Lord had said, '' tluit
they should not enter into His Cl~urch." They I~nstened, tlicrc-.
fore, with ready zeal slid pious emulation to tnlx the cross nt
the hancls of the clergy; so tlc~t tlie question mm, not d o
sho~dd take it np, but who 11adno2 already clonc YO. The voico
of song was now silenced, the ple:lsures of entius znd luxurious
habits wcrc abnndonccl, tllc yoa~relsOF disputank quietcd ;
new peace was made betmecu old enemies, cmses of litig:~tiou
were settletl by mutual qrcenient,, and for this ncm ground of
quarrel, every oue who h:~d czusc of dispute, ewn for longstsntling
enmity, w ; reconciled ~ to his ncigl~borrr. What need is
there to my more ? By the i~ispiration of God, all were of or10

A.D. 11~7.1 KINGS IIGNRY AND rnrLrr. 153
accord, for one conlrnon cause lcd tlien~ to unchtdlre the
Inbour of this pious pi1grinl:tge.
CH. 111.-How Henry, king of Englad, and Philip, X+n.g of Frag~ce,
with un immense mullilotde, took up the cross letu:coz Gars and lfic.
~ICUARD, then count of Poitou, was the first to hkc
up the cross, and an jmmense ~nultitucle with Iliw ; but fl~~jr
did not set out on their pilpiniqe, owing to snmc (lel:~y,
occnsioned by a dispute between Philip, king of I~rance, nntl
Henyy, king of Englnnd, the father of Count Richard. An
invet,ernto dispute had excited them to internntioi~nl VJW, M
it had done their ancestors, the French nnd Normzns, from
an inexorable and almost uniuterrnptcd feud. The arch-.
bishop of thc land of Jerusalem, that is of Tyre," wns esrncst
to effect a rcconcjliation htween them, mtl lrnd fisccl the d3,y
they mere to meet, to hblie np the ~ros?~ :~t a plncc between
G-isors and Trie. The a.foreamicl archbishop had oolnc on a,
mission to ani~natc the f?~itl~ful, nnd obhin assistallce lor the clcliverauce
of the Holy L:d, l~avingbecn specidly sent to tho
Iring of England, the famo of hpl~osc virtues W:IS spread far
and wide above all the otbcr kings of the carlt, on account
of his glory, riches, a.nd tile greatness of his power. On that
day, after many plans Iml Bcen proposed, and n~uc!~ spoken on
eit11er side, they botl, came finally to the dcterniination that
each of them should 61re up the c,l.oss, and clepxrt Sronr his I d ,
it appenrjng to ench a mfe precautiou ag:sinst the onc iuv:di~q
tho lringdom of the other, wide absent, for ucitlier ~ ould vcnture
to go uuless the ot.1~ went ;also. At lcugtll, tl~esc conditions
having been, with solno difficulty, :~;rccd ou, the two
Icings eschnugcd the kiss of pencc, and :lrsumccl t!~e c,ross
with tlm blessing of tlie archbisl~op, nncl witli thcrn nu iiurnense
number of both nntions, partly from the love of God n ~ d
for the forgiveness of their sins, pnrtly from rcspcct fur h i r
Iring; ant1 so great was the multitnde that took up the cross
on that day, that thc pcople, from tho cr~~sll and intolernblc
heat (for it mas summcr) ncarly fi~intcd. The de1;t.y in entcring
upon their march must bc reprclrenclctl ; it wns the work
of the enemy of the hurnnn rtlce, whose intercst it is to
foment tliscord, and excitr: inexorable enmity, nncl by wbnsc
* This was U'illinn~ of Tyre, the author of the well-linown history of
the earlier period of the Crusades.

3 54 ITINEILARY OB RTCIIARD I. [n. rr. cc. 4-5.
instigation, the altercation between the kings wns revived,
ad tl~e seclls of discord Sown from n very light owxion,
tbnt by ttllc:ir tliabolical superstition neithcr was inclined to
forego, lest, as it were, his fame and honour sllould be
derogstcd t11crel)y ; M if it mere abject and mean to yieltl
obedience to justice and right.
CH. 1V.-Ehn~, king of Ziagland, dies.
TI~E(death of Henry, Iiing of England, put an end to these
dissensions, and the vow of maliing the cru.mdc, which hr: 11x1
deferred fulfilling while in safety, after a 13p.w of time, couiil
not be performed, by the intervention of Ilia death. As a
vow must be entirely voluntary, so when hl~en, it must
irrcfrngnbly be discharged ; nod he who binds l~in~self by
a, vow is to be condemned for the non-performnoce of it, as
Ilo could not 11nve made it lawfully, but of his own accord
nnd free-will. Now King Henry died on the day of the lloly
apostles Petcr and Ysd, in the year of our Lord 1189, and
was buried at l?ontevmult.
GI.V.-How Richard, count of poitou, was crowned king of
England.
T~EREPORE in the same ymr, after the death of his father,
Richard, count of I'oitou, linving wmngecl his affkirs in Norrnancly,
in nbout two l~onths crossed over to England, and on
St. Oilce's clay he wm roceivccl at Westminster, with a ceren~onions
procession ; and tl~rcc (lays afterwards, vix., on the
3rd of Septen~ber, the day of the ordination of St. Gregory
the pope, wl~ioh was :I Sunday, he wns solenmly anointed king
by the imposition of hands, by Archbishop Bnldwin, in virtue
of his onice, who perfor~ncd the servicc, msisted by many of
his suffi.spns. At his coronation were present his brother
Jol111, and his mother Elenuor, who, after the denth of King
I-Icnry, had been, by the connnnnd of her son Ricl~ard, the
new king, ide;zsed from prison, whcre she llnd bcen ten
yews ; and there were also present counts and barons, and an
inmenso crowd of men and soldiers; and the kingdom was
confirmed to the l~ands of Iiing Richard. On the 3rd day
of Septeu~ber, in the year of our Lord 1189, Richard wm
anointcil king, on a Sunday, wit11 the dominical letter A.,

A.D. 11SD.I RTCIIARD IS NADE KING. 155
!
vie., in thc year afler leap ycnr. I\fany wcre tl~e co~~jectures
nlacle, bcc:~~~se tl~c day abovc that was niarlted unlucky in
tbe calond;~; and in trutl~ it was unlucl;y, and very much SO
to the Jews of London, who wero dcstroyc~l tllat da.y, and
liltcmise the Jews settled in 0 t h parts of' Englnncl endurctl
many harclsl~ips. I-Inving therefore cclel)~~,tcd tll~: occnsim
by :I festival of three days, and entertained his guests in the
royal palace of Westniint,er, ICilig Ric1i:~rd gratified all, by
distributing money, without count or number, to 1111 according
to their ranks, thus manifesting his lilwnlity and his grcst
escellcncc. His generosity, and llis virtuous endoalncnts,
the rulcr of the world ~hould llave given to the nncient times;
for in this period of the world, as it waxcs old, such feelings
rarcly exliihit t.l~ernselves, and ahn they do, they ara
subjects of wonder and 'xtonishment. He had tllc dour
of Hector, the mngnnuimity of Acliillcs, and was qua1 to
Alesandcr, nnd not iuferior to Rolautl in vnlonr; nn,y, lie
outsl~onc Inany illustrious characters of our own timcs. Tlie
liberality of a Titus was his, and, which is so rwely found in
a soldier, he was gifted with the eloquence of' Ncstor and
the prudence of Ulysses ; and he shered Iiimsclf pre-eniinent
iu the conclusion and transaction of business, as one whoso
linomledge mau not witl~out active good-will to aid it, nor his
good-will want,ing in Itnowledge. Who, if Richard were accused
of presumption, wo111d not readily excuse hi~n, ltnowing
him for a 1113~1v110never knew defeat, impnlient of au injury,
and impelled irresistibly to vindicnte his rights, though
aU he did was characterized by innate nobleness of mind.
Succcss ~nacle him better fitt,ed for action ; fortune ever fa.vours
the boltl, and though she works her plensure on whom she
will, Richard was never to be overwhelmed with adversity.
He was tall of stature, yaceful in figure ; his hair between
red and anburn ; his 11nibs were straight and flexible ; his
arms rather long, and not to be matched for wielding the
sword or for striking with it; and his long legs d~~itctl the rest
of his frame ; while his appearance was commanding, and his
manners and habits suitable ; and he gained thc greatest. cele-
brity, not more from his high birth than from the virtues that
adorned him. But why need we take niuch Iabonr in extolling
the fame of so p a t a man ? He nccds no snpcrfluous com-
mendation, for he has a, sufficient meed of praise, which is the

CR. VI.-How Ifin? Riclrn~d,Jravinq arranpfl the qffnh of hi
hrn, ccZf+roled Urc N(11ivilg of Christ (11 Licclfs, ix ~Vonncn~fly, and
how, by uyrcment, 7tc und t7tc king oJ' Amcc ~rrclon tlac feast oj
S1. John the Baptid 01 Vexlai.
AIPTERthe coronntion-feast was ended, we Lcfore said,
King Riclinrd arose in his fatbcr's stcatl, nnJ, :dkr 11:rving
received tl~c oath of allegiance from the nobles, as wm the
custo~n, in illc hrrn of l~onin.gc, and cnch h:~ving sub~nitted
to his sovcrcignty, he lefl London aid wcnt ~.ound his
country ; :L~ICI nrtel-wards lie sel; out ou a pilgrimage to
St.Eclmuod, wliose fcstivd was at Land ; thence he went to
Cnntcrbnry, ant1 at his co~l~niand some Lisl~opricq which, having
become v:etxi,nt, 11:l.J been kept so by tlie Iring his Fntl~w, were
Iillcd up, nncl, with the approvn.1 of the Iiing, :,LC followiug
were installed bishops : Richard tl~c trcosurer, of London ;
Qodfrey rle Luci, of '\Vii~chcster; I-Iuhe~t Wdter, of Salisl)ury.
Willimn de Longchamp, of Ely, whom the Iii11.q dso n~ntlo his
cl~ancellor and jnsticiary of all Engluitl. Iu like manncr, also,
the liing u:t~~sctl I~isholrs Lo be odainecl to the vacant bisl~oprics
in his othcr territories. l1aving prcparetl evwy thing necessary
for his jouruey, rind liavin# set the Iiingcltrm of Englnnr!
in order as far as time permitted, lie returncd to Nornr:~ntly
without delay, and kept tllo festival of tho Nativity of Our
Lord nt Liu~is; for his intention of sctting out upon his
journey and the fulfilment of his vow ~n.de lhl uuccn.~i~~gly
msious, as I~cijudgeJ de1n.y to bc tl:ingerous, wllil~t ii was of
conscqucnco to cornlncuce the joulncy which cvudne : wl~creforc
he wrote to the king of Brmcc tlmt lu! was quite rcnrly
to sct or~t., mltl uyyd that Ile sbonld be ready dso, nl~win~ by
hix F:L~~Io~'sCS:I.III~IO tint de1n.y was l~nrtful evccy tl~iiig
was prt~p:wtd. 'J'I~ci,efi~rn, in the year of our Lon1 1190, witlr tire
.doniinic:d Icttcr G, the kings net nt Dreus to canfcr :~borlt the
arrangel~rrnl;of their journey. After rnnnp Irnd communicated

,...:. 11~0.1TrrE AWnrns op THE liIi\iL;uo~. 157
thir opi~~ions, and wllile the confcrcncc was golll$ on, tllcle
suclilc~~ly arrivc~i:I,messenger wit11 thc ncws t11:lt tl~e clltccn of
Frn~~ce was dead. The Iring, smitten by the bittcrncss of this
news, was grently cost clown, so tllat 11e aln~ost thought of
laying :xde his plwneditnted jonrney; and to angmcnt tllis herenvement,
news was bronght tl~nt Willian~, li~ng of Apulin,
likewise dcd. Overwhelmed by these adverse occurrellces,
and utterly overcome by the belief thd they prerlictecl ill,
they abstained from the transaction of tl~e busi~~ess, 2nd the file
of their zeal in a measure grew lukewarm. I-Iowevcr, by the
favour of the inspiration of God, WIIO guitlcil~ the f~~iiicps or
man, and in whose llanils are the Ilenlts of kings, lo prevent
the yuin of s work planncd with SO much toil a,nd solenlnly
armnpd, and tlie turning into condcmnntion and disgrace
what hncl been disposed for the attainment of good, they
recovered their strength, and wcre animated to proceed and
set out, and not to grow lul;ewann by unpardonable slotllfulness.
Now they had agreed together to set out on tho
Nativity of St. John the Baptist, in order that the kings,
together with their men, should meet on the cightll day
at Vezelai. Whereupon Philip, king ol France, setting out
from the city of Paris, which is the capital of Fr;~nce,
with a large quantity of provisions, sl~ortly :cFtemards
nlarched by the chapel of St. Denis, to wl~ose prayer:. and
merits he commendecl himself, and thus con~n~encc~l his
jonrney accon~psnicd by s very large multitude. There
also set out with him on his jonrney, the d~llte of 13ulguncly
and the count of Flanders. Who can relate tile progress of
each with their forces ? You might met them on a11 sides
flocking together and asserribling from diiyerent p:~rts, and
joining together in one army, nmiclst pious tenrs ; while tl~ose
who went forward with thcir friends or kinsmen, regnrded
them with a look of love, and on their departure wcre
unable to restrain the tears from bursting forth, ns devotion or
sorrow affected them.
Ca. VI1.-How King Richard, bei~qa2 Tows, commanded his $fleet to
proceed and yo round Spain by the Slruits, and wciit f u ~him at
Mess,'ruc.
KINGRicl~ard mas at Tours with a ellosen body of solcliers.
Both thc city and suburbs mere so crowtlecl with the multitude
I of men that they inconvenienced each other from the crowd

158 ITINERARY O F RICHARD 7. [u. IT. C. 7.
and the narrowness of the streets and roads. ncreforc,
by the commmd of the king, tl~c royal fleet, bciq col-
lected togctllcr, W:L~ ordered to proceed in order, b-cing in
number :L liu11111~ccI and eight, not including the sllips tl~~t
followc~l nftcrw~rds. TLUStho Y O Y ~fleet, having been set
forward on its voyage by tho co~nruand of the Itin:, wit], a
fair .wind sntl in closc compnny, reached the desti~~cd port of
&lessi~~:x, zfter having safely es~~ped the dsngervr~s sancllnnlis,
and tho peri1.s of the terrible rocks, the stormy strait.3 of ilfri~%
and all the dangers of the ocean. I-Iex thcy nwaitcd the
arrid of tho king, according to his co~nmad, who was
rnarchillg mith his a,rmy by land. When the king deported
from Tours with his forces, the inhabitants of the land were
terrifietl 'oy the appearance of so great a multitude. Who
could relato tlm numbers of those w110 ~cco~nr):~nied him,
the variety of their arms, the trains of nobles and chosen
bands of combatants? Or who coulcl describe tl~c troops of
infmtry md their bodies of slingers, which those who saw ;LS
they advnnccd in order, from their inmost henrts, and with
pions zeal forcing out the tears, eqr~ally ~nourned and congratulated
their lord the new king, who thus, st the com~nencement
of his reign, without hsving tasted tl~e sweets of rcst, so dcvotedly
and so spcodily left all pleasures, and, :LT if chosen by
the Lord, he undertaolr a worlr of so great goodnem, so arduous
and so neccssnry, and a journey so commendable. 0 the
miserable sighs for those that left them ! 0 the groans of
those who embraced at pa~ting ! and the good wishcs for those
wl~owore going xway ! 0 the eyes heavy with tears, and the
mutual sobs intclmpting tlie words of the speakers a~ui~lst the
kisses of those who were dear to tbem, not yet satisfied mith
the conversation of those who were leaving them; and although
thy grieved, those who mere setting out feigned
equanimity by the gravity of their countenances, and separated
from each other, after long conversations, ns if choking for
ut.ternce: 2nd often intercl~znging a fnrewell, staid a little
longer, and repented it to gain delay and to appear about to
say sonictl~ing more ; and nt Id, tenring tl~emselva from
the voices of those that cheered tl~ern, they bounded forward
and extricatccl themselves from the lmnds of hose who would
detain then].

L .
-4.D. 115'0.1 THE TWO ICINGS MEET. 159
CH. VIII.-/.hu> the huo kirp, uccordiug to ugrecmnf, met at V~Z~Z~J.
THUS,in the first year of his coronation, Richnrd, liillg of
Englancl, set out from Tours on his ,joumcy. F~~III Tol~rs
he marclled to Luti, then to Bfount Ricl~arJ; nl'tw thnt to
Celles, tlience to Chapelles, thence to D:u~ia, thcnce to Vit.iliacum,
that is, Vezelai, wllere the two kings nnd tl~ciie forces
were to meet, And because the people of both nations wcre
recltoned to be incnlcnlably numerous, the mountains, hr ericl
wide, were sprmcl with pavilious and tents, and tho surfacc
of tile earth :wound was covered, so that tho levA of the
sowed fielcls wliich mere occupiecl, presented to the beholder
the appearance of a city, with its effect heiglitoned by
,nost in~posing variety of ~x~vilions, and by thc dircrcut
colours tllnt dlstin

their pilgrinrn,qe sllould return home. The two Iriny set
forward with hrir men, and armngaJ the manner ..I tlreir
~l~arcl~, holclirrg fl.aqllcnt intcrcourro with great nmnxnificcncc,
ant1 pyin~CXII otll~r~LI~UXI IIOIIOLI~;and Leillg n.lso of
one :~ccod, the n~iglity army, d~ving the progress of tlleir
. innrclr, perl'ornlcd their dnties without complaint or dissension,-nay,
with ,joy and alacrity. And as tlley thus passed
dong cities nnd villages with a mighty equipmcnt and clash
of arm, the inl~abitauts, observing the multilude, and mo.rlting
the distinctions of tlie mcn by the place of each nation in thc
march, snd noticing their discipline, exclaimed. " 0 heaven !
what mcnnetlr so great a multitude of men, and so mifillty an
army? Who a n resist their valonr? 0 noble soldiery
in the flower of their youth ! 0 young men, happ.y in
so n~ucli bemty! Were your parents affected with sorrow
ah your depwture? What land gave birth to youths of
so distinguisl~eda mien, or produced such fine young soldiers?
And who are the rulers of so mighty a multitude
that govern wit11 their word such brn1.e legions ? " Uttering
these words, 2nd snch like, and following with good wishes
those t11at passed, they paid the most .mn8rked attention to
the people of diKercnt nations sncl those who were fatigued
by the march, by testif.~ing all the devotion in their power.
Thuu the army proceccling in oriler by separate di\,isions,
went joyfully from Vezelai to St. Leonard of Curbeny,
thence to Mnlins, nfterma.rds to i\lount Escot, then to Tulnis,
near St. filary de Bois, thence to Belivi, afterwards to the
village of Furma, and thence to Lyons on the ltihone ; there
they stopped some days, owing to the difficulty of crossing the
river from its rapidity md unknown depth ; so that the army
which 11dcome in the interim might cross eyer, and wait tlie
arrival of those who were to follow. Having at lcngtlr
crossed the river, the two kings pitched their pavilions on the
other sicle in tllc meadows: as many of the anny ns it
could contain lodged in the town ; tho others in tlrc fields
in the suhurbs. Therc you might see people of difercnt
nations, distinguished by thcir proper places and by the
forms of tlicir arms, in countless numbers ; for they mcre
reclronecl to exceed a hundred thonsand, and recruits lrnd not
yet cetwcd to flock in. Afterwards, the king of Englznd followed
up his show of friendship hnd honour to the king of

WIIILEthe crowd of' pilgritr18, who came iu CODS~UILI~
from all qnart,ers, nr:m inc:~utioualy Il:lsteniug 1,) I-IL?~ the
bri~l~e over -the llhune, n part of it FilVC w:l'y I I I I ~their
weight, with Ll~osc wllo were o11 it, ;d,as it \\,as of ct)nsitler:tLlc
clevati~,n, nbout a I~oudred nlcn fell into tlte water,
ml~icll mas very vinlc~~t, nntl its ~~IIIYC 1yitl, :~nti ow ill/:. to
its tlcl,th, it wm clillicnlt for any W~IO11~111f:~llw in lo get
out alive. BIILthay who fell ill arietl out lontlly, :I.III: i~~lplorc~l
nssisk~nce; arltl, acmtll:.rf~~l to rclntc, th11g11CX~I:LIIS~C~!, thy
a11 csc,zpc~:l E:L\'C two, wl~o ~~c!rc rlro\\,nerl, mtl rs~)c!ricncc~l
den.tl1 of tlre body, tl101ig11 tl~cy live spiritually ill C'l~~ist, in
wl~ose sel-vicc they wcrt:. Tllose wl~o awe 11~hi1:dWCI'C
cmbnrrnsxtl by Il~cir ~IIIII~ICI':~, 3% C~.CII so~gl~t l~ie ou-11 nr:ly
or means of c~.ossiug the Rhono ; lml they mew Ll~rown
into despir by tllc bre:rking tlo\\,~r of the lwid;.~~ wllicl~
scc~ucd to cut of tbcir 11t)lws of rcnicl~ing tl~c otl~cr RII~C. On
li':~r~~ing this, King Rich:rr~I, WIIOSC COUS~:IIICY :Y\\'w~ICYCP
sl~nkcn, rclicvecl their nnricty by c;lusing-n I~riclp+ to Le n~ntlc,
l!y collecLing M quickly as ~tossil~lc :L uu~nl~cr of boats tog~tlt~~.,
S I ~ I= the u~gc~it nocwit.y of tlle case shou1,l SIISgyst
; null so they cro~scclow^; :~.ftcrso111c ~Ichy ant1 ~lillicult,~.
l'l~is acciJent caused n delay nf tlnw &ys to tl~r: I;ing nud
his army : oue part t1w1 j)roccc~led to the 11mrest port, &I'inrcoilles
; p:wt wcnt to Vcnice ; j):Wt to Oeno:~, or 33wl:~t~01-
UI.LIIII~US~II~I ; 2nd wry umuy sct out for ;\.ic:,sinn, th? port
wllcrc tl~c two kings wcrc to IIICOL Tltrce (1:lyr; nfterwnrcls,
thc king ilcpnrtcrl, :LII~~ on th mnc Jxy the b~irlge nlns
brclltcn up. From L~OIIScrossctl me by lricnrin, llcar AILn
Riln, tlleuce to Mount Cinlontc, afterc.a.nls to St. 13ernn.d
of limn~~x, then by ?7:~lence, nfkrwn~.(ls by Arioln, afi~r
tb3L to Valois, tllcnce to st. hul of P~~VCIICC ; vc nfbrnarllu
passed througl~ Mount Drape and Orengc, :ulcl then c1.o~~-
I

Cn. XI.--Of ihc city of Messi~m,mrrl of the queen, sistcr to Jiiwg
Richard, a d O~'/LEI.do~omjjiwm T(mwed.
You must laom that lllc city of Mcssi~~:~filled is witi~
n!)~~nll;~ricc of good tl~ir~gs; its situation is plcn.xult an11 vc~:i,i
a-.,w:~ble; it lies on the couti~~cs of Sicily 2nd lhn, wlricl~
;:xs said to ]lave becn given to tl~c fnn~~us Agolm~d, for
his scr~iccs. Thns tlrc city of Ncesin:~ stnncls the first in
Sicily for nfflucnce and wcalth ; but its inhabitnnts are a
wickcd nncl cr~lcl mcc. Their king, Tnncre~l, mas vcry rich
in evcry kind of mealtlb wl~icl~liis predcccssors, from the
ti~nc of Robert GII~sc~~c~, 113111 :LIII~PBI:~. At tllc snlrle ti~ne,
~iiequcc11 of Apulia, I~sving lost Iier I~usb:~ntl, Willinln, was
stnying at Pnler~~~o ; for Icing Willim~ llad died mitl~out :An
heir, ant1 his cl11cc11 with her dowry was in wna.d of the smur
Kiug Tnncred, who hid snccceded King Willia~n ou the tl~rone.
Tlriu downgor quccn was sister to Richard, king of EngI:t1111,
who tnking up l~ercnusc, forced King Tnncrcil to give co111lign
:-.:~tisf;lctio~~, O\TP and above the dowry that wns duo to her.
Crq. SI1.-Of the injunm w)hic7i thc Grifons at Mcssina did lo o w men
lefh-e the a??-ivalof Kmg Richnrd.
T m nolh fleet of the king of E~~gl:md, as me have said
before, wnitecl licre thc arrival of their sovereig~~,-a fleet
wmderful for its numbers, con~plcmcnt, and tLc sple~rtlo~~r of
its mray, and the like of wl~icll none wns ever sccn fitted out
with such labour, and so numerous, besitlcs the various clawcis
of men that belonged to ii, stationed on tlic shore in pnvilious

CH. STII.-lli'fi~7nhnl o/ro~u,jirslthe kGrf/ of I"mlzcc, ilien the king of
Evtgland, nrri.ucd i ~ c~lfihn.
11. is n gcncral cnston~, tlint wllcn my pnrticdnr king or
prince of tlic earth, coi~:;picuous for his glory, miglit, :~nd
mtl~ority, CGIII~S fuith in public, his ;LPI)C:L~~IICCof POIVC~
s11:dl not full short of tllsf, wit11 wliich Iic is n.ctndly inverttetl,
-~i;ly, it is l ~ right t imd I)c~oining tl~at tl~c grc:i.ti~essof n,
Itinx sl~oulcl I,e s]~ernii in Itis 11ispl:~y nntl Clrc! Imu~qe wi~icl~ is
paid liini ; for a cornmolt piwwl) ~ny","&~chns I scc yon
arc, I csteel~ yoli." Mwcover tl~c grncml style ant1 Iltmlner
is t:~ken from he disposition of the chief. IUw, tllcrefore,
thc kiny of I?rsncc, of so lrigli rcnowli, whsc cdict so ~nni~y
piiicc: :ml nations obeycd, 1x1skiron~n to be entering tlie po1-t
of Mcssinn, the natives, of evcry :qu nntl sex, rusl~ed forth to
see so f;w~ous.z king ; but Iic, coiit~.11t wit11 n singlc ship, as if
to n\.oicl the sigl~t of IIICII, CI~I.I:~CII tile port of the cik~tlel privatcl,y,
while tl~osc nlw :i\rxitetl him :L~,JII~ tllc shore conccivcrl
this to 11e:L proof of his uwl;ness, : L I ~spoke npl)rxicii~~~Iy of
him :IS OIIC not lilicly to LC the ]-)crSormcr of my great i~ctiou~
wlrlr tlii!:q slunl< froin thc eye of Innn ; and being frastratc~l
in tllcir hopes of seeing I~iin, tl~cyI T ~ I I indi:.nn~~t I ~ ~ to tlrcjr
Iioii~es. .hit wllc~~ tl~c rcport was spxtcl of tl~c nniwl of tl~c
noLle..rninJcd 1ii11g of Englancl, tlie people rusllctl out wgc14y
bf 2

CFI. S1V.-tV/d injuries o1w rrk~ of
svpi~erla6 Mcssh~aat lhe 71.~1~17,~
6lrs Lol~~htlS.

BY cltsncc one d:~yit, happened that one of our Inen wm
bargaining with a 'ivomml about a new lonf wllich she off'eretl
for snle; and while they wcre conversing together and 11e
threatened to have the lonf wcighecl, the worn:Ln, I~eciiuse he
.would not give her the ],rice sl~c :~skcd,HCW into n grcnt passion
nnd insulted hin~ with contumelious and wicked language,
and scarcely restraiucd her hands from strilciug hiin or tearing
his 11:lir. Inin~ccliatelyn coocourse I I ~tho citizcns floclred
togctlw at thc noise of t,l~a abnsive nfolllR1l, who ~cizecl hold
of the Inan snd beat him ~~n~~c~cifi~lly ; ntd aftcr tearing out
his 11:lir and in,jur/ug him in mmy otllnr ways, they trod him
nnllcr foot and left 11in1 for (lead. Wl~cnco~nphintwas nxrde,
King Richard begged for peace ard fricnclship, nssvrting that
IIC 11:~d come in pcnm, z11i1 t11n.t he had set out lnerely to
perfmn a pilgri~~~ngc ; and 1112 dc~istcd not from praying for
pe::'ce, until esch pwty, hying given x prornise to that efl'ect,
returmcd quietly to tllcir abodes.
* !t is prolnhle that Vinsauf cxlls tbis portion of the populiition
Lonthards, because they wtre occul)ied in ruercuutilc pursuits. They
awe not, of course, Lombards by nation.
f It is hardly nrcessnry to state that the commune was the corpornte
hotly of the city, 111.obill)l~ jualons of heir ~nuiricil~ul privileges, which the
erusu.tler~perll~lrj:ba~l illlii~iged.

13,:~1,y II~C:LIIS of that oh[ cllWlly of the hunlm race,
nllosc pnrt it i3 to tliuiurh 1lc:ice nnJ cscite sedition, tlls (1;spllte
mas rcnc!wcd on the Illorrow, So that n lnorc tlcst~y~i.iirc
:~ltcrcntion nrosc lrecvrce~t the citizens snrl the pilgrims.
i\.Ie:t~iwl~ilc the two I;ing,s 11:~il n. cot~fhrcnce with the justicia-
1.ies of Sicily rind t.lre chicf citim~s, do trcat of Iwce md
security ; wllcn bcl~oltl, n cry arose that t11c nntiw u~l-o
nlrcncly shying tlie mull of the lriug of EngInntL ; wl~icl~when
the kiug ~ni~~ilocl not, clticfly bec:~uue the Lombnlds :~sscrted
tltat it WT& uot true, Ll~cre cntllc :~sccond rncsscilger onno~incing
tht the tintives Imcl nttaclicd thc pilgrilus. Tho LOIII~J:L~~R;
who I I : ~ Lccn iu the mnle co~rflict, persunding hi111 tltnt it
mas not so, tl~oqrl~t to ci~cn~nvent the liing by fitls~l~ood:
whcn n third ~~~cvsenger rushed in hedlorlg, exclaiining that
sw11 1lc.2~~v(.:Nnot to I)e npprovud of wlm the sword mnu
:wtuelly Itnnging over tl~eir ncol;s. Tl1c11 1110 king! l~nstcning
without dol:t

Lolnb:w(ls went to the king of Fmncc to ilnldorc his aid
nucl :~ssistmce, offerit~g to giro ~IICII~SCIVCSRII~tllcir ]ml~ert.y
into I~is powcra~~tl will;if 110woul,i rclinve their city .from the
assnults of tllc l;i~~g of Englnrlcl, sod trike it into Ilk own ~uhjccthn.
The Iiing of France itl~ndinLcly took ul) :~rn-ls,nnd
as me wcre told by OIIC who knew thc trnth, answercd Lhx.t
he ~voultl rntllcr assist tlle Lo~ubnl.tls tlun the nlel~ of the king
of England, nlthongl~ Ike wns Lounrl to Ili~n By his oath, iznrl
hnrl r~lcdqcd his Ilonour to givc hirn aid n.nd to bc hitl~f~d
to l~im cverywllere. Tllc gntes of the city being closctl and
gunrrls placctl along the bnttlonlcnts, tl~erc arose n t;ln~~~oni-,
tumult, 2nd cornmotiol~fi-om the assa~~ltcrs witho:lt; wl~ilo
.thoso within Ixn to xmnz nntl seizctl whatcver wcnpons fury
supplied them with to defend the~nselvcs. l'lle Freucll Ilaving
joined the~nselvcu nit11 the Lon~l~artls, thy WCI'G ani~nn.tetl
with one purpose, and actctl together :LS onc body. But
those without knew not tlmt tl~cir nssocintcs 11x1 thus bccotne
tl~cir ndvc~xwics. Some Lom1~:~rtls llntl gonc out I~efom tl~e
pztcs of tlic city wcrc sh~tt,to ;ittaclc thc I~ostcl of Ffr~gh Ic
Brnn, ant1 obstin:~tcly pcrsc\wcd in fighting. The kin:
of England, I~cnring of it, tn~xcd his come thither, nnrl
when they saw hi111 coulin~, tlwy took 11:tstily to fligl~t
nncl were scat1;eretl in a 111on1cn t, lilic sllecp Ilcf'om wulvcs ;
after which, tllcir attacks ant1 rcvilinp ccnsctl. TLc king
pursued them as far as a pnsfern of tltc cit,y, \vliicll tl~cy
mntle for, not daring to look nt, IIIUCII lcss resist, I~ini, tllo11g11
thc king is said to hnve I d only twcnty rucn wlm Ilc liwt
att:~cltcJ them. ITc slew .s~n~c of tl~cn~, IIO\\~C\-~I~, 3s tlwy
cntcrcxl tl~c prrstcr11. l'hn TIn~~~1):~~~CIs, now seeing that tl~n
nttaclc 11ad LOCO~II~ sc~-ions)and thnt tl~cy wcrc I~csicgcd in
eurne.4, rcsisterl wit11 :dl tlicir 111i,

Tm liiug of Fm.nce, jculous of the sacccsucs of the king of
England, and misliking his high spirit, very 1nuc11 gricwd
tht he sl~ould uot have the glory \~,lricl~ t11c other hall gineri
by the brce of l~is own g~w~tn~ss ; f31; contrary Lo tl~e
contli tions of' mutunl agrecnlcl~t, mtl wldc tllc army mw ill
the greatest clnngcr, 2nd :L pre:~t sI:lngl~ tcr goi~~g ou Gcfore 11is
eyes, he 1woA'ered not n lrclping hnntl to tl~cking of Eug1:~nCI
ogninst nn 01)stinnte foe, DS he mns bound by the treaty of
nllinuce. Na.y, Ilo resistctl ns n~ucl~ nu 110 could, autl kept Ilim
a long timo from occupyi~~g the cntl:~nce of Llle city wherr?
lie Irimself nbodc. The city Icing tnl~cn, as wc snit1 before,
i~nd tho Bnnucrs of I

pwvioi~sly occ~~~~ctl, ~1,1111 brwin,: in mind tllc riyl~ts of tl~cir
fellowship. scnf, no :wswcr, lest 110 slioul~l scc111 lo sr~r~-cnJcr
his ri,~l~t, nucl the victory sh~llll bc nscrilccl not only to ono
who l~scl bccn i~~nctive, 'but to n pc~;jtiroll ndvcrs:wy. At the
iutcrccs:ion OF nic,li:~torr, I~owc~w, tl~cnnncl. of Tiill;;. Ricllnnl
wm nt Icngth appc:isetl ; nn end I~ELSput to their -cvvnnglioq,
nnrl yieltlil~~ to the sootllinp of his friends, with sonw tliRiculty,
he, who wns llclcl in vincil)lo, being o\~crcomo Ily his
foes, pvc wxy to the request of tl~e Icing of Frnncc, \ria.,
that Ite sl~oultl clcli\w into I~is c~tstody the towcrs he 1m.l
taken, and plncc iu thcnl gunrils OF torh nntio~~s, ~mtil i.llcy
sl~o~~lcl 1eal.n the scnti~ncntu of King Tnncrcd ns: to wllnt l1zl.I
been done ; nnrl he who remnioed :uqy and ol~rl~lmte to
threats nncl boastings wns moved by pm,yels and sootl~ing.
The stnntlnrcls of both were, tl~crcforo, rniserl nbovc the wn.11~
of the city, until 11o sl~oi~ltl try thc consistency of tlio lhg uuf
Fmuce, n~td proveil his frie~iilsl~ip.
CH. XV1II.-How me.v,wiger.r 9uwe snit lo fiug Taizcrctl to donam1
satisfaclici,~ awl the wsto~.ation of the pec,~'s dowry, rrwl /row Ihc kirig
of Franec marls seaell?/ a cui~lrar3/mesmye.
ITmas therefore decreed by coninlon connscl, tl~nt King
Ricllnrcl sl~oultl send mcsacngcrs to ?':LIICI.C~, king of Sicily,
to requi1.e s:~tisf,wt,i~u for thc enorlnolls ~ LI~Y~YC! c~olnluittec~ 119
his l~colh, nncl to n.?ccrt:~in his inttwtious ill rcgnnl t,o what
11nd occurred. Morcovcr, Icing l&hnrcl coml~~antlcdKing
Tnncred to give his sistcr, tho q~~ccn of Sicily, n sufficient
dowry, and the port,ion of tlic king 11cr 1~11sb:in(Y.- trcam~re
which belonged b 11cr by riglit, as wcll ns the tnble of gold,
wliicli on~llt to be eqo:dly slii~rcd wit11 t11c wifo of him wl~o
11sJ possc~"e1 it. The duke of Burpnl-ly nntl Kol)ert dl:
Sablucl, and some otllers, wlwse names nre lost, were tl~e
Inc.sscngr?lts q~pointad for this br~si~icss. Mc;u~wl~ilc, tl~o
1ii11gof Vrnncc wcigl~ir~g in his mind the grentncss of King
Ilicl~i~nl, :mtl rcpil~ing from envy, bcgnn to nisc n qucstion
xboai t!~e pltmtlcr of thc city, dc~nn~iding his portion, ncwrdiug
to tllc cr:vc~lnnt %hey hid cntcwl into. Ciivi~~,!:vent,
therefore, to nrrn~ant and cont~iinelio~~s spceclm nboi~t these
tliings, becnnse King Ricl~iird sternly 1*cfirsc11 his tlet~l;rncl, he
ceased not to irritatc his spirit to pnssion by sly insinu;~tions
and opprobrious honts ; :~nd110 li~sitiltcd not to transgress the

ter~~~s of thc covcnnnt w11icL I d 1.mn cntcrc~l inlo batween
tllcn~, an11 to slicw tl~c I~ollow~lcss of his fiicndsl~il). Wherculw~i
1i;ill.q Ricl~ard, ~norc fro111 ilu[ign:~tion tli:u~ ~ ~ I nnyI I
other fccliug, tlcter~~~i~lctl to rcjcct hiv frientlsl~ip, and or(lcrcd
hi3 s11ip to bc rcncly to depart with 211 their L B ~ ; ~ fi~r c
he I d ~'ntller, 1111dcr the goitlaiice und clircction of tl~cLor(!,
proccc~l nlouc with his own ulcn to tho uccon~plisl~~~~cnt ol' his
pilgri~~~qe, tLa11 hve any dealings witli sn envious Illan ;
accurcling to the colllnion proverb, " It is bettcr to bc aluiw
th:m to have a Lul cco~~~pnuion." Wlien, however, this mas
knomn to llie king of I'm~~ce, the lnlter procured, Ly i11c;~rlu
of ~~~ctlintoly, tllc renew:11 ~JT1Lrir broken frien~lsllip and tlicir
ssuciation as Lcfwe, witli the condition that every thing
which was gained hercsftcr should be eqi~nlly diviJccl.
R[EAN'LVIIILE the Iilcssengcrs, in disclmrge of tl~c L~lsiness
of their n~ission, iliqui~~l tl~c sc~iti~n~c~~ts of King T;mcrccl 011
the ~nntters iu q~~estiun. h t tl~e Iring rcl~lic~l ill 311ibipo11.~
tcrms, nsserting that hc woirltl givc disf:~ction to tl~c kings
by ndvicc of the uobles of the li.~11[1 in prol~er ti~~le, ~I:Lcc, nnd
Illsuller, upon dl the SIILJ~BC~H sp~cificII. It W:L.L rcllo~t~cl t11;~t
the 1;ing of Fmnce l~acl Ly 1cttc:r csl~o~~tcil Kiug 'I';lncrcd
not to yiclcl to the tlc~~mnlls of tlie Iri11,rr of E~~gl:~ncl, but to
shcw 11i111sell' fir111 in dcfeutling I I ~ R right ui evwy tning, with
tlia ~S~LIJ~:LI~C~ ~11at 11e \'i.nd~l not Idic p t with 1iin.g iticl~;ml
qpinst hin~, but wo1.1l1.L I J ~ Fnitlll'ul to 11i11i. If sucl~n mcssage
mas sent, tliere was an eviiler~ce of it son~etl~i~~g like the
proverb ; for IGug l':mcroJ lo:~tlecl the I:lcsscngc13a of the
Iring of Frmicc! wit11 prc,jcnI.:j, while he did uot give tl~osc of
the lri~~g of En=;lt~nd so 1uuc11 2s an egg. Tl~ereforc tl~e
mcssengcrs retur~~eil, awl w11c11 ll~ey Lml reportcd llteir
answer to the Irillp, lii:~g l.lichnrtl sepliccl, "'l'llere is no
neccl of nir~ch tdki~~g or long spcecbcs; since Kiug T:mcred
will not give satislhctio~l of Lis own accord, I will end3:~vour
2nd labour my 11t1ni)at to corrcct his ft~ul[s ~nyself.:' Tl~ese
quanels restored tlic coruagc of the nntjvea, who, incited by
the 1ii11g of Fmnce, eu~lcnvu~~retl to injure King Ricl~nrd and
his mcn as mucli ;w they could, nntl prohibited tlw supplying

172 ITINERARY OF RICIIARD I. [R. 11. CC. 30-31.
of provisions ncce.ywry for SO grc:~.t nn :irrrly; ant1 orclerod
tllat notlring !:~;l~aultl I)(? CX~OSC~ for snlc, in ortlcr tl~at tl1e.y
might thos bc con~pcllctl to suhuil tl~c~i~*t:lvcs to the po\ircr of
tile n:rtivcs.
CH. XX.-QflJle cutzshuctiota of M~!,?~I.{~;II., unrl of Ikc tlisco:~l /~c/.~uccn
the bvo Liqs.
ICINGRICI~AIID llad erl~ca,lcd great I:~bow nntl cliligcncc in
erecting a castle, to wllicll hc p,ve tl~c n:ww of M;~tcgrillin;
:tt wl~ich tho Gir ithns were wry ru uch cs~ymntctl, becnuso
this erectim thoy snm ~ v intc~~tlwl
x for their rlestruction.
The lmil(ling nrm INJW co~nplctccl ou tho hill, clo~c Ly thc
city, nntl very cool~vcnicllt for retrmt. Tl~enmy woultl Imve
sl~tlkl.ed nlnch rrou~ w;mt of provisio~~s, whicl~ \rcl-c I'orbitlclcn to
bc expose11 For de, 11ad they not ~~secl tl~ose vl~icll wcrc bruu;llt
by tl~o flcct nu provision against hrture w:illts. Tl~oCII~IIIY,
tllereforc, clitl wh:~t Lann and iujl~ry they could to our suldiers;
thy placed gn~rrls over the city by ni$t: and the
:~cnly in tl~cir tu1.11 tlcScriclccl the~nselves from tlmr xttnclx I)y
Itccping watch. Moieo~cr, disconl ;qpin tool: poesession of
the minds of tho l~inga, ad tl~o king of Fmncc opcnly shewccl
lliinself n, fnvourer of tlie cne~uios of' King llicl~nrd. But the
grc:~t majority of the nol)len wcrc earnest for the rc~~c~wl of
pcacc, visitill;;. at om timc tho palace, nt nnothr Mstcgriltin,
to try and p;lcify their nrlgcr: but tl~cir lnbour and ondcavours
were in mill, for eoch accusctl the other, ,and olii:ret.l
to prove that the other wns tho n.q,wcssr)l; and ueitlw of ~ I I C I I I
would yield to the otl~cr's will ; tho liin~ of Frnuce, anwiiling
to colnmit 1ii111scli' tl) the power of rill inferior, nnrl so derog;~t,o
from l~is own dignity; nntl 1Cin.q Iticll:rr(l, fearful tllnt tlrc
scltno~lccl~incnt of subjcctiu~~ night; lesson tthc glory of his
owu dcc~ls.
CH.XS1 .-How Kittg Tonered mdc pence rm'dld Icing Ridawl, 1!/
giain.9 ?rim 40,000 oulzccs c!f ,pM rr~n clr,roi-y for lhc qaceu md I ~ P
mflrriayc of Avtlmr; und hmu the two kiiig8 rind the cilizrn~snurtle
pence.
Trrus m:~tters fluctr~ntcd, wllcn King T:u~crc~l consi~lering
that danger niigl~t nriso I'L'I~II~Sl~rtller discord, n11t.I p~rwiving
tlmt King Richnrrl xvould not desist from his pcrpose
nntil IIC l~nd obihiuccl whnk he wisl~ctl, sent nlossclyers of
noble birtl~ to ofcr pcacc., ; ~tl Lcqf'or r~!concili:~tion, nsscrtinxwry
nppositely for pers~~;xling l~ill~-tl~:~t
he wns unwilling,

2s fnls as Iny in lhl, to 1)cw the! ill-will of so ;ycnt. a man,
to tllc c[nllgcr of his ow11 ]x?ol~lc; th:&t 111: w:~s willing to
I)nrcl~nso Iliu :~Ui:iricc wi(;L mowy, and tl~:~t ltc w01tl11
the qucc11, sistcr of' Iiiyg R.iclt:~r(I, 20,000 OIIIIWSof' gold
for llcr do~rry, nlttl 90,000 cunc.cs more ns n mn18ri:rge
po~.tion for n, cl:~u~lltcr of his own, n, diunscl of talent :~nd
l,cn,lrty, to Leconle tl~c wifc of lh ~~cpliew, Artl~orI.)[ Critt.;~ny,
if Ilu cllose, Rill: It.irl~:~rJ, :tt the cnrnest rcrpcst of tlic
Ines.cllgm8qon 1)otl1 si~lcs, ngreed, and tl~c aili~ir was cwrc]lLdctl;
tllc mollcy, viz. 40,UOO oUllCCS uf gold, wm [nil[,
llis Yister, tllc: ~IIWII,dalivcrt:~l up dt0g~tllel' to Itcr
brolller's cnre. l\.~ldL~ILIS, :Lft~r pence 11:d ~ C ~ xpced I I upoi-I,
:Inti confirn~eclin writing, :dl cont~*ovarsy cc:~setl entirely. so
wll~?n King Ricllartl snw tht sntishctiui~ 1 ~ Lecn ~ 1 gircn him,
lie ortlcrctl t.lte rnoncy wl~ic:h 11il1l LCOII
fl~~llt liinfi T:~ncrctl to bo cq~tnlly tlividcll, nntl nlso the
I.nnney wJ1icl1 h;~d be1511 $\.en ns n, tlo~ry fur his sistcr 11c
:LS Ilc rcq~~iretl, I ~ C ~ V C I ~
clivi~lctl in like III~,IIIIC~,dtlwugI1 11c was not bunnd to clo so ;
I ~ I ~ ~ I I I I I ~ I : I ~
Ijnt Itc did it from mere liber:~lity, wl~iol~ to llis
glory nlicl prnisc, nnd rclicrctl lrin~ill part f1.0111 tho Intred of
llij: aJvcrs:~.rics. Finnlly, by tho ndvicc of tV:~ltcr, :ucl~l)isl~u~
of ltonen, all wlro slinulcl not rc*tore entire wl~n.tcver silvcr
or ,?old l~ntl bcen pl~inclcrcrl from the city, wcrc lnitl ulitlcr
:In :~~~ntllenla. 911 tl~ings Ii:~ving tlllrs bccn rcstni~c,(l, 2nd to
out\vnrcl nppcainncc pexc cstal~lislled, the cit.ixc11s wjoicerl iil
tl:ziv snfcty, merit! the pilgrims in tllcir trnnqr-lillity; tl~c cu~~rlition
of 1;11c! city IVM ~IIIIS rcndercd secarc, nh~l ~wi:~l 1:lwe ll~adc
z~:~i~rst tllc disturCcrs ul: tilo pcxc. The citixus lmd free
intcrco~~rsc with t11c pi1+11.+, \vitl~vut eithitr ( ~ L I : L I ~ or ~ ~ I I ~
i:ic*i~~gofimce ; dl 1.cjoicc11 ~sncodin~ly, ant1 I~c~iclclbrtli pro­
visiu~~s, for hoth mnn awl horse, nwc csposctl for s&, :~ta
vcry rensonalle pricc. The frientlsl~ip of tl~o kings WLS :dso
rcnemctl, nud by the intorventio~r of ,j~~sticc, ~tni\.cranl p~odwill
was rcstorc~l. But t,linogh in outwarcl :tpl~c~rni~cc thc
Iting of Fmncc tli~,scntble~l l~is fci:liq~, tl~c riv:~lry wl~icll 11nt.l
hcn once el~jicntleretl continue11 ii~~uiortnl in Ilia ntiull, :d
, tl~rowing:L veil over Itis rnvy :LL tl~c ill~~strio~~s clc& of Icing
ltich:~rtl, Ile conccnlcd tl~c cr!u~lil~g of the f'os ~J~IIC:L~~,I Rn
unmoved esterior.

Cu. :CSI1.-l&,w Ling Tcnzcred a d Kkg Richard nwct at thc city
U IFdinu.
ME~\N\VI~~E, tlle soltlicr::, who 11stl been nt grcnt expcnsc
during the snlnulcr wLiie tlre :~Sorcsnitl tronllcs sud tlistl~rbn~~c:eu
were going on, Iilcctl not so lmg, so idle, and so
~lselcss:L dclny. For they considered tht their 1~1-eLI-1ren in
C11rist wcre coustnntly cnpaged in conLcsts at the sicgc of
Acre, nrltl tlint tl~cy 11;~cl :drc:icly spent tl~c grcstcr p:tl% of
their SULB~:LIICC, s~id l~nd even been co~~~pcllccl to restore wlmt
thy ncqoircil by plunderi~~g thc cnptr~red city. King Riel~n~d,
bcing moved by tl~c prewlcnce of cornp1:iints of this kind,
with royal n~unificcncc bestowed gifts on dl tlint needed it,
bcyo~lcl their espcctntion, so that exl~ one was most sufficicnfly
enrichcd nccoiding to his rod;. Tl~e liniyllts wcrc
nrnply relicvctl by these gifts, whctl~cr of gold or silvcr, or
any othcr kintl; nnd cvcn noble wo111on of Pdcstine, who
11:~tl bccn ilcpriwrl of tl~cir ililleritmce and esilcd, htl~
widows :~nd vir:,li~i% wcre bountifully cn~,icI~cd. King Itic11:i~rc.l
thus obhinetl tl~c grntitutle and f;~.vour of all, for he gnve thc
foot-sol~!iors ;uld nttcncl;mts of i~~fcrior rnuli s hundred sols
ot 1cn:;t. Tl~cltiug of France, also allurcd by his exan~p!~,

Lestowcil vcrp many gifts on his own men. Hence fresh joy
rei~ned nwong Lhe people, nnrl tl~osc wllo 11ncI Gccn 1)rul;en
clown by aonow were raised I I ~by sucll generous nl:~gllificcncc.
CH. XXIV.-Of the ,9wdfmsl givmr I!/ Iiilrry 12ichrrrd a1 .ilf~lep'ifl~
On Chri8tmns Day,to which he inviled the kiwy 1Ij' fi~unceni~dall la&
p~ople,a d 01'his q)lmdirlg;ifls.
Tim pat fcstivnl of Cllrist~n:es nrns at l~nnd,liept with
the greatel* solcninity ns it was the inore neo1lf111 for tl~c
nxlernption of tlic human rsce. 111 I~onour of this fcrjtiv:~l,
Icing Ricl~arJ invited, with all resj~cct, the king of fjtmce
to dinner, an3 by tho public oric~. cnlleil ulwn e\,cry so111 to
pass tlint clny with hiln in joy mil gl:~c&~css, At his co1utcou.3
request, the king of Fmncc cnnle with an iirlnumcrable IJ~LII~
of iiol~lcs, nncl x crowil of oihcrs. 110 labours not nlr~cl~
wlio con~j~cls n willing peraon ; 2nd we cannot s~~ppo~~c m:wy
wcrc nbsclrt from Icing Richard's fc:rst. 'b'l~cy .rvcre, tl~ercfore,
receivcil wit11 llononr into the cnsllo of Mntcgrifin,
wllich he 11td built against tlie mill of the nstivcs, aod
wlm.e cvery one sat down nccording lo liis milk. Wlio could
count tho vnricty of disllcs wllicli mere bronglit in, or the
di@crcnt liintls of cups, or the cromrls of ser\.i~~its in splc~ldicl
attire? which, if any one wisl~cs to do, Ict hi111 111c:wurc in
liis niii~d tlie magi~s~ii~iiity of Kii~g ~jcl~nrd, nntl tlicn he cm
unc1erst;tnd the kind of fc:d which would Ire pcpn~.ccl. You
might 11nve scen tl~crc nothing nubac~.)~~ii~~g or inxjllnsitenothing
which nrns not of ctlw nnc.1 co~~~n~anclablc ; for tile
dislics and i~l~t,tcr,s on a.liich tl~cyr\.Ci.C soi'vctl wCru of uv other
~nntcrinl or snhstsncc tlm gold or silvcr, nid all ho vcsscle
wcre of wrouglit gold or silvw, wit11 i~~ia~cs of 111t!ti n ~ hsts d
worked tl~e~xon wiih the cl~iscl or the file, 2nd nrlornetl with
prccious stoucs. Noreovcr, thcir joyons coun~cnnnccs were
conspicuous above :dl, and gave gracc to the festivnl ; and the
guests were cntertnined with the cl~cerfnlncs of tbe entertainers
ovcr nnd above the viwiety and aG~lntlance of meat and
clrink. After the fenst rns at an end, King lticl~mcl set Gcforo
the king of l?mnce tlic most bcnutiful cups, sntl gare hi111 his
; choice ill honour of tl~c occnsion. nld gwe to each of tlic
noblcs presents accorilir~g to his mnl; ; for like Titus, -wit11
whosc i~sncl111: Ia.vislle,l his wc:dth, lie tl~ouglit that Lhe chy
was lost on which 118I~;y~j~c:l~ccl lo Ilsr-c given notl~ilig.

I1. lln.l)pc~~d :~t t11:~t .ti~rrc tl~:r,t solno Pis%ns ant( i_;c~~r,c~sl~,
hentcd wit11 whe, nnd clirtuhcll hp sonw caltsc 01. otllur,
t:roI

'
rmdy with all his equipment, taking advantage of a fwourxble
wind, set out with dl his fleet, on the S;~t~rday after tll~
Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary; and Icing Riabard
accompanied him some way in Itis gdleys, with 111sttoblest
peers. But he himself ws-s not ready to cross the sca, for
he ltad not yct collected all his trmsport-slips; and IK
tllought that they mere not srifficiently provisioned : moreo\.c!r.
Ilc had heard that his motlier was coming with the illustrio~~s
Berengarin. When, therefore, he hncl let the king of F~~I~CIgo
on his voyage in pcnce, crossing past the Faro he came to
l.tisa, where he lied that the queau his mother ad Bwen-
,garin, were, 2nd l~aving taken them on board with gre:~t joy,
&e returned to Messina ; wl~cre b:~vit~g stayed a short timc,
I1e let his mother depart, and conmitted to her the c;u8e of his
Iri~tgdom, tngether with Walter, archbiuhop of Ro~ten,as w:
hsvo said before, a m:m of great virtue. And with tllc~tl
returned GuilLert de Gascuil, by whose treuhel:y thc Icing
of Prance aftervvartls gained po~scssion of the celebrated castle
of Gisors, situated in a rery strong position on the confiues or
France and Normandy, which llad been con~mittcd to his d2. keeping. But King Riclmd retaiued with him the a.fores;~itl
damsel, whom he was about to marry. Queen Eleanol. rv-
turned by Bourges, and thence to Sdernn, and thu3 to Nor-
mandy. But King Richard, having furnisl~ccl himself with
every thing necessary for the voyage, prepared, wcording to
agreement, to follow after the king of Fmnw a.~quickly as II(?
could; and appointed Robert de Torneltarn ti, conduct an11
hltc areof the fleet. Hesent forwnrd his bet~othed, with llis
sister the dowager queen of Sicily, in advance, in one of t11c
ships which are commonly mlled dromons, Beeping a coorsc.
direct to the east; lie had also placed some knights on bo:artl.
and a numerous retinue of servsnts, for their con~fort end mfckeeping.
Tltese kind of vessels are slower than others, on
account of their burthen, but of stronger make. The multitude
of the galleys remained immoveable, until the Iring,
having dined, on account of the annoyances which had hnppened,
bade farewell, with all his army, to the uotives, null
, wns on the point of setting out and committing himself t,~
fnvourable winds and tho waves of the sea. Then the whole
multitude of sliips wns launcbed into the serq impelled by
numerous oarsmen. The city of Messim might justly boa:;:.
N

that so great n fleet 11aJ never in past ages quitkd those
shorcs ; sucl that thcy never will see tl~cre socli a one iqaill.
l'hereforc, ou the seventeenth day after the departure of tl~o
Icing of ll'rance, i. c. on the Wednesday after Pal~n Sund:~~,
Icing Ric11ard followed with 8 numerous Heet of ships, ant1
pus~ng amid the Fnro with 3 fair breeze, some by saiIiug,
some by rowing, they came out into the deep,-the dron~o~~s,
I~owevcr, keeping them in the rear as Richard lml p1a1111ed,
in order that, as far as it wm possible to avoid it, they slioultl
not part company, unlc,w they were nccidentally separated by
tho tides ; while the gnlleys purposely relnscd thcir spcecl and
kept pacc with thc ships of burthen, to guard tl~eir n~ultiturlc.
and protect the wealrer.
CH. XXVI1.-Of the wittrls that wae a1 one lime calm, al anolfier ngim1in.g
the sea, and the danqers which finq Richard sudai7red as fir' as
Crete, andfrom Crete lo Nmdes.
THE wind all at once began to MI gmdually, so that th fleet was compelled to remain motionless at anchor betwcw
Cnlnbria and Mount, Gibello; but on the morrow, i. n. the dny
of the Lord's Suppel; 1-30 who withdraws and sends forth tho
winds from his treasuries, sent L;S a wintl wl~icl~ continued tl~o
whole Jay, not too strong, but impelling the Bect at 3
ruoderata speed ; but after that it alxhd altogether on the
followiug night. But on Holy Friday, n contrary wintl
arising, drove it back to the left, and the sen Leing very much
agitated thcreby, boiled up from the vcry depths, wl~ilo
the wnvcs beat togethel-, and the storni il~creased ; the roar
pf tl~c dashing waves, :lnd the ships crealcing with the viallence
of the wind, struck $1 with no sn1a11 terror, acd from
the excessive fury of the Iattel; all manngen~ent of thc ships
was at an end ; for no pilot could steer them while tossing to
and fro in such a mnuner:- They were bornc hithex. and
tllitl~cr; their linc was broken, and they went different ways.
The crews con~mitted themselves to the guidance of the Lord,
tlespairing of enrtlily aid ; but as far ns human menkness por-
~nitted, wc deterruincd to bear all thiugs with patience, under
the eye of our Saviour,. who on that day had sufl'eretl so nnclcserved
a deotli for onr sakes. And aa the ships were tossed
to and fro, and dispersed divers ways, nlen's stoioncl~s bepn to
feel a qualm, and merc affected by s violent nausez ; ant1 this

4. D. 1191.1 ACCOUN'C OF RIIODES. 17.9
feeling of sichess lnade them almost insensible to tl~c dirngers
wound ; but towards evening, it grew by dcg~ees drn, :lnd the
fury . of . the winds aucl waves nbdcd. A favourable wind now
spr~ng~ng up, according to our wishcq nod tl~e sailors hving
~Sccovered their st~mgth and confidei~ce, wr: strove to I ~ C C :L ~
dircct course for our voya.gc. King Ricl~nrd, uu~novcd a~nitl
tlh state of confusion, never cc:~scd to anirnnte tl~osc who
were dispirited, and Lid them take courage, and hope for Letter
fortune ; moreover he 11ad as U R L a ~ very large was-light ~ I J
a lantern, I~oistocl ndoft iu his dip to give light to tile rest of
tile fleet and direct thcru in tllcir wayLY. He 11:1d 011 bomcl most
expcricnced milor?, wl~o did every thing wl~icl~ I~omun&I-t
coulcl rlo to oppose tlle fiiry of the winds. All, tl~crefolse, ns
far as they could, rollowcd the light bur~~illg in the king's ship.
Tile icing remained stationary sornc time to collect his fleet,
wl~ich conyregatctl together by seeing the light,, so tlut tlle
king rcsernlled rr hen gathering togetl~cr llcr cl1ic1;ens. Aftnr
tlrat, we st.artct1 with a fm~onmble wind, and sailed dong,
mitllont obstale or injury, on the Saturday vf the Passover,
m, well as on the day of the festival, and until the following
Wcdncsdny. Tint day we cmne in sigl~t of ('mtc,
where the Iring put in to repose and collcct his Rect. 7Vhen
the ships had come together, twenty-five were foul~cl missing,
:~twhich the king urns 1nnc11 grieved. Among the stccp
mountains of tliis island of Crete, is one rniscd shovo tl~c
others, like a lofty summit, wl~icl~ is cidled the Cnmcl, whicl~
sailors aquilintetl with those scns say is exactly nlidwny
between Mcssjna in Sicily, and Acre in P:~lcstinc. 011thc
Inorrow, Icing Thorsday, the king :~ndall his iwlny enterell
their sl~ips ; wl~cn tl~c wind began to rise stronger, and tl~ougl~
favourable, was very vcl~en~cnt in impelling us forward, for vr70
moved rapidly along, wit11 sails smellcd out and mast slightly
bell,, not unlike the flight of bfrds. The wind, wl~iull sleckcned
]lot dl night, at dawn of day drovc our fleet violontly
npon the island of Rllodes : there was no port, and the ti11rf
gtrelclrcd don? tlw sl~ore ; however, we enjoyed theye our rest
the better for Ilming wished for it so earuestly, from that day
nntil the following Mondn.y, when we 1)ut in at Rhodes.
Rhodes nrns anciently a very large city, not unlike Rome;
though its extent car1 scnrwly be e:tiniztcd, there a.rc so lnnny
ruins of houses arnd portions of Ia!lcn towers still stnnding,
N 2

1SO ITINERARY 01' RTCIIARD I. [B. I!. C. 28.
and such wondcrf111 renrnins of walls :rud b~~ildingsof admirable
workmanship. TIIc~L' are also a few n~onastcries
still renlaining out of so many ancient edifices, for the most
part descrlcd, though formerly inhabited I)y s11cl1 numerous
societies of monlts. Tlc site of so grcat a city, tltauglt by titne
I d waste, ~ ~ O V Cthe R former existence of a large population ;
I)nt vmy few inllobitauts were found tllerc now who could sell
11s food. But as tllc king was indisposed, we tarried tl~ero;L
fcm d:~ys,dul-ingwl~ichhe wnitetl the arrival of the ships tint
Idwontlcrctl out of tl~circoursc and lost as, and the gnllep
wliicb follo\vcd him. I-Ic rude intluirieu ill30 about tl~nt,
crnel tymnt, emperor of Cyprus, wllo was wo~to dctain the
pilgrims who put in at his port.
TIAVINGspent ten days at Rhorles, wliicli is n very fertile
:inti prod~~ctire islanil, they went on board, and set out on
their voyngo on the 1st of May. They werc borne on their
course into t11:~tmost clangerous place, called 1110 Gdf of
Satalia. There is a n~igl~ty strife of cnrrcnts formed by tlu:
j~lnctionof four scna, strug,glcJ violently iogctl~el; each dashing
ngi~iust:I.UII resisting the other. Wo wcre ou the point of
cnteriug it, wlien lo ! as if apprel~ensiveof our safety, a contr:~rycurrant
carried us b:dc to the plwe from wl~encowe h:d
started. Bu:,in 2 short time, tl~cwintl, wl~icliill tl~oeeparts
i~ constnl~tlysliifting, drove us from bchind back again into
the gdf, wit11 tl~c1110rcdnnger from its i~~crcasccl violcncc.
lcearing the effects of its fury, wc clicl all we coulcl to guard
iryainst tho c1:~ngcrsof tile plxc, and pass over the waves
tlint boiled n.11cl fonmc,l :~rounJ. Tl~cruy:d ship was :~I\va~s
ill :dvancc, anil when tl~cking li.Sted llis eyes, he an, be-
,rre~tlia calm sky, a very large ship of thc sort called a buss
..
(hum) bearing clown, wl~ichwas returning from dcr~~mleni.
1111: king, therefore, spcctlily seat men to inquire for intelligencc
conccrninfi the siege of Acre, from tl~uscw11o were
ill the ship ; who replied L11:rt the kin,g of F~nucehad already
wrived at Acre in saFet.y, uutl was diligently employed ill
]ding rnacllincs, until thc arrival of tbc lii~~g of Rngla~~d.
The king of Fraucc Ii:~tl put into tl~cport of Acrc on tl~c
Saturclay of Eastcr wcclc, nnd rnr np~~l,ying all his cnergics
lo t:Lkillgof tl~ecity. lle 11d ll!crcrorc muxcid petrarim

o be erected, nnd plac.et:l near the tower hlaleclictum, as well
aa other mncl~incs for tllrowing down the walls, for the
king of Fmnce lay on the side ncar to hat tower. By means
of tilling up not1 treading in the trench, and bringing
miwhines and petmyin, for casting stones, the wall wm it1
part broken down ; but not long nftcrnmds, the rrlael~i~~ea
mere attaclced and burnt to aslm by the exertions of the Turks.
wl~cnKing Ricllard heard all these things from the sforesnitl
sailors, the buss p;wsed ou its wny, and he nindo all his
arrangements ill higll spirits ; and as the wind wna not fail; Ile
bent about, and toiled nlnc11 to ~~inst,cr its uncertainty; but thc:
flcct, from the adverse gzles, and the rising and fdling of the
waves, was forced b ~ k ,and driven into tl~e open sen. However,
the buss fro111 Lyons, ill which thc queens mcre, first pot
into the port of the city of T,imoaill, iu the islnntl of Cyprus;
tllough they did uot come to the Inud, but droppecl tlicir
anchors at some distance out at sea.
, CH. SX1X.-Of the mnny mi$orlunes rukicb befcl the Holy JCaJztl,
apetially lhrouylr the c~r~peror of Cy11m.
WIT^ what expintion do me deein the Thly Land to have
been punisbed, or wit11 what scourge sniitten, or of what crim
guilty, that so many ndversarics MIIOUIII have resisted its succow,
whereby assistance sl~oultl Lave becn so long deferred?
Ney, it bepnn to be believed tlrnt the cause of its redemption
being so loug dclsyed wlls the wicltctluess of its defenders;
and it is very evident by miilly pruofs 111at t11a Divine aid
' was withl~elcl in conseclucncc of the iniquity of its in­
, habitants; wl~once also it hnppened that the cxcellont soldierslof
France, who wcre loolted forwnrd to es brave allies,
were unseasonably taken away in tlre midst. For why nectl
we speak of the death of the ill~~strious eulperor of Germany,
9 wllose end sullied tl!c glory of his former reign ? or who
could relate the grief felt for the dcetli of the once rich and
glorious Henry, king of England? 13y his inoney, the city
of Tyre was preserved, and by his wisdom and prudence it.
wm hoped that the Holy Land would be recovered Lastly,
- what might we say of the deceaso of William, king of Slclly,
who after he 11m.I made dl the necessary preparations for his
pilgrimage, and lid ofteiiti~nes sent tl~c wished-for nid, mas
cut off by sudden dextl~, and close11 his cnrccr ? All these,
and Inany other misfortunes, impeded the recovery of the

lIoly Lond, mtl edi of tllenl wns more than eno~:;l~ to
iiijure tl~c (,nus(:. Dot therc W;LS one t11i11g :n,bove ~~tl~c~,~,
we iuenri tlmt wllicl~ co~~ccrnccl tltc idland of C)yprltc, fl~olll
wI~icIi tlrc lnnd of Jcruaalcrn USC~;LIII~LI:L~~~ to p i 1 1 110 Slllni~~
]profit,; but IIV\S, nftcr ~hdiillg 0fr ~ L I C YOI;C of s~~b,j~ctio~~, it
distlnine~l to give it : I I I ~tlli~~x, I I tl~c ~ ~li~.cctiou of tile t~'l.%~)t~f
the islaud, who hnd usurped tl~e i1111)crial po\~cr. &lost
\vicl;ed of all bad incn, and suq~:~sin,z Ju(l:~s in trencl~er~, and
Guenelon in tremon, he wn.ntonly ~)crscculc~l :~ll wlm prot'essc(1
the Cl~ristian religion. IIc was mill to bc ;L I'ricn~l of S;dnrli;l,
:~ncl it xts r~.portecl that thcy bad drunk each otl~cr's ~J~UOCI, X8
:I sip a~tl testi~nonyof mutual treaty, :R if 11y the minglii~g
of blood outwnrtlly, they ~tligl~t bccomc I;i~~slrlc~i in rcnlity.
r 3
illis, too, mas aafterwurc1s cvident by certain proofs; for tl~e
tynnt, gaining confitle~~ce 11y this step, and scl.ting at nongl~t
the subjection wllicll he o\vctl, fnlsely usurpetl tl~e nnmc trl'
emperor, nnd lie wns nccuston~ed to seize upon cvcry
one wlto put into the islmtl of his own nrcord, or was
driven thcreto by tl~c violcnce of the mind, cl~;~t he ~ni;,I~t
extract a. ransom from the iic11, aucl force the poor to beco~uc
siaves. Wl~en, therefore, he le;~,rut tht n st.r:lngc flcct had
arrivcd, lie clctermi~~etl, nccorcli~~g to his cnstorn, LO seizc ulron
nll wlio were on board, nntl, I~sving plundered thew of tl~cir
rncney, to ltcep tl~en~ cn.pti veu.
CH. XXX-Of he shi~nuresk ~7id w~isfurl7aueof some of ow mma, nml
of their caplure and impri.wnmcnt ;also nj'lhe allack Urcy nude a)zdLhc
uiclury /hey gniuerl uver tlrc idon~le/~s oJ' Cyp-uu.
ON the vigil of St. Jl:~rl; tlic L?vnngclisl, n, littlc bcfo1.c
sunset, ~li~rk ~1oudscovered the 110rizo11, and titc spirit ol'
the storn~ rushctl fortl~, ntd tl~c violence of t,he wind clisturbcd
the waters; some of our ships wl~icll Il:rtl 1wc11
dispersed by the shifting of the wintls, wl~ile nttct~~ptir~g
to rcacl~ tl~e isln11c1 of Cyprus before Iiis srrivnl, were
drivcn by adverse wavcs aucl win11 on Ll~e rocks; :mtl
tlrough tl~c sailors rwil tl~cir utrnost efforts to rcsist. tllc wind
that :lsi?.ilc\,L tl1e111, three of t110 king's sliips fillccl 2nd wcut.
to piccm, :LII~Isome of those on bo:lril were drowned ; but
some who 11~11 by cl~nnce cnugl~t l~old of the tinthcrs of the
ship, wcre hy this means, nnd not without the grcn,tc!st toil,
from the tossing of the wves, cost on shore nakerl n.nd pcnniless.
Aino~tgst tllose who mere drowncd wns Roger, snr­

A. n. I 191.1 VICTORY IN CI'PRUS. 183
11an1ec1 Malus Catulus, the liing's signet-bearer, and tlw
signet was lost. But 011 the body being cmt on shore by the
title, a man found the signet on him, and brought it to the
army for sale; and thus it mas redeemed, and restored to the
king. As to the sailors who were cast on shore, the inha-
I)itmts, nuder the garb of pence, hailed their coming with
joy ; and, as if to recruit them, introduced them into n certnitl
fort close by; and all those who put to shore in &~fety, thc
Griffons stripped of their arms, and conductc~l to the same
phce, asserting tlmt if they entercd in arms, they might appear
to be spies, or to have intentions of attacking the island,
nnd they would wait until they nvcertnined the will of the
culperor. But our nobles compnssiol~~ting the shipmreclied
men who were detaincd in custody, sent them clothing and
other necessaries. Also Stcpllen cle Turnhem, the ltiug's
stewnrd and treasurer, srnt tlie~n abundmce of provisions,
wl~icl~, ns tlley were brought to the entrance of the fort for
the captives, were plunderctl I J the ~ Gritions and gunrds of the
city. However they tl~em with ~pccious language, and
did not yet shew their enmity openly, but they would not
, set tliein at liberty until the emparor ha? been informed
of what 11ad Ilnppeued; meanwlde, they promised with cmlty
words to supply them with every tbing necessary. They then
convened tllc nobles of the land, nntl entered intn counsel to
Iiecp cnptivc as many of the pilgrims as tlieycould bystratn.gen~,
;md tlien slay them ;whicl~when it became known to our men,
they shut tl~emselves up of their own ncco~lin the fort,
' with th inte~~tiol~ of dcfe~~ding tliemscl\w, RUJsome of tlism
were Idled by the natives. Thus, co~~sidering tlmt danger
really tllrcntenctl then^, they clime to stand the l~azard of a
battle, rather than die of stmlmtion by falling into the hands
01 the infirlcl persecutors of Christians. 'I'l~ercfore, when
they I d comc forth from the fort and reached IIcerhin plain,
the natives began to surround and kill them ; hut tliougli unarmed,
they resisted as mucl~ w they could, and efccted not
less slaoghter than their dversaries, thou,nh they had only
three bows to defcncl tl~emselves with, wlilch they hd kept
concealetl from tl~c n:~tives. There was aniongst them one
Roger de Iiardecnrt., who, having found a mare and mout~t~ed
her, rode down the crowd that opposed him ; and also
William clu lois, a Norman, and n 111ost sldEul archer, scdtored
first thcse, then those, by casting darts and arrows

184 ITINERARY OF ItICEIAnD I. [B. 11. C. 3 1.
at them incessantly. Tbe soldiers who were yet on board, seeiyg
this, came hwtily with their arms to their succorrr; and tlw
(;riffnns, with tlieir bows nnd slings, hindered t11en1 :IS
much as they could from landing; but by the protcction of thc
Lord they sallied from their ships and cane into port
unhurt. At I&, after the GriEons had been dispersed and
were giving way, the pilgrims, conling out of the aforesai~l
fort, and defending themselves, cmno in tlto rcar,
made their way to the port, where they found our men,
who had disembarked from their ships, fighting with all
their might +inut the GrifTom who opposed tllcn~. I-laving
thus formed a juuctiou, they dispersed the GriKons, and
gained thc port of Limozirt, in wliich wa.9 the buss of the
two queens that l~ndput in bcfore the arrival of Icing Richard,
xs has been said before; but owing to thcir ignoimce of the
state of the island, and from dread of the cruelty and treachery
of the emperor, they 1l:td not disenlbarkod.
Crr. XXXI -Of lhe arrival qfliin~Richard at Cgprus.
ON the same day, towards evening, on wlhh the pilgrims
h d n~detheir exit from the aforesaid port, viz. on a
Thursday, the emperor of' Cyprus, who had been informed
of their arrival, came to the city; and when the pilgrims
ruade complaint of the injuries they II:LC~ received, the emperor
promised every kind of satisfaction, and agreed to
restore the money taken from the shipwrecked nien ; ant1
they also obtained entrance and egress into and fron~
the city of Lin~ozin,on condition of a mutual euchangc:
of four men as hostages. M~nmhile, the emperor gave
orders that the warriors of all his enipirc sl~ouldbe assen~bled,
and n mighty army formed. The day after his arrival, the
emperor sent n crafty message to the two queens, bidding them
put to shore for greater security, end go about as they pleased
without fenr of molestation or ill-trestnieut from his people ;
and on their refusing, he sent them the next day, under pretence
of paying them respect, bread ad ram's flesh nncl
wine from the vineyards of Cyprus, wl~ichare snid to have
no match for quality throughout the world. On the third day,
also, he tried to circumvent and beguile them, by bland and
deceptive messages, and on the other hand tiley were in
n great state of perplexity, lest the emperor should make

them prisoners, if thy shoold listen to him, or else, if
they obbvtinately refused, they must fmr some violence ; fi)r
ns yet nothing was known of tl~e e:cyected arrival of
the king, or the good condition of his fleet ; but thy
kept him in suspense by returning an ambiguous answel;
saying, tllnt on the norr row they mould place themselves
at his disposal. In expectation of tho fultilmcnt of tl~is
prorni~e, the emperor kept quiet ; sntl while the quecns
were a.git,~ted by intense anxiety, nnd were questioning a d
conversing with each other, tllat same day, being Sunday:
behold! there appeared in the distance, Iiks crows,
on the foaming snmmit of the curling waters, two vessels,
driven forwards and sailing swiftly townrds them. And wllilo
the queens, and those with tlle~n,were in doubt as to what they
were, sonie more ships were espied coming on, and directly
after tho whole fleet was seen, bearing down with rapid collrse
to tlio port ;and coilject~lring that it IS the king's Beet, they
wore so much the morc rejoiced that it had come to their
succour, when they wcre despairing of their desolate position..,
And thus King Eicllard arrived by the guitlnme of the
Lord, after msuy dangers overcome, in the port of Cyprus.
Therefore, on the festiv:d of St. Jolm 'before tho Latin Gate
(May 6), Kin6 Richard put into the port of Limozin, with 211
his fleet, but d~dnot go 011 shurc.
CH. SXXII.-fZo7,-ol:, Ifkg Richard wild Air forces, mded the emperor
with lriuJivccs,fid by sea an.. lhm 5y hd. Wtm~the king learnt in what danger the shil)wreclted men
had been, and how they were plundered of their property,
and all tlmt ha11 happened in the interim, Ile was exceedingly
:angry; and on thc morrow, bcing Monday, he sent two
lmgl~tsto the emperor, to nslc satisfwtion of him, in a peaceful
manner, for the in,juries received, and the money he had
plundered, at his will. Thc emperor ws very indignant
at this ilcmaud, and just as though he hilnsolf had been
the injured man, bur.rt ont into xblisive Imgungc, sayiug,
'' Pruht, Sire," and dcch~ing he Iind nothing to do with a king;
boilsting, ns he did, for the assumption of tmperial authority,
and wholly confiding in impunity from Heoven, he acted just
as it pleased him. When the nn~basaatlors brought hack
his answer, the king, irritated at the emperor's arrogance, his

I SG ITIiiGIXRP OF RlCIIhRD I. [D. XI. C. 32.
nbwive reply, n.nJ the 10s.: his own men l~nd sustained, sllollted
out :~Ioud, 'L To :IJ-~~M!" 2 comrnaud his men irnlnetliatcIy
obcycll. Tl~nrcfore the kin=, having anned hi~~~~~lf, proceeded,
in tltc boats of thc LL E~ncckm," wit11 l~is soIdie13, to
seize on tl~e port.; bnt thc cnq~or, with a large army, sllrrounclecl
it, a d rcsistrd their Ii~nding, and they blockcd ~1,
the CII~~BIICC to tile port wit11 cwry kind of bar and ~bst;~~l~,
taking tlw doors and windows frorn the houses, wks wit11
I~oops, I)encl~es and I;~ddcrs, and long picces of wood, 1)laccd
crosuwisc; a1~0,boclrlers rind sl~ieltls,oId g~Ileys,nLantlo~lcJ ves-
#el$, dirty frcw boing laid up, :~nd every descri~rtiou of ~~tensil,
to plwcnt Lllcir coming 011 sl~ore;-in n mortl, evcl-y tiling
1)ortaljIc OF wood or stone tllnt could Le foonrl in thc city of
lJilnnzin, 1110 (;ri&ns piled 111lon the shore tu oppose the
:~.smilnnts. Morcovcr, the elllpcror :mcl his troops mnrclled up
and down tl~c Lcacll. Oh ! how spie~~iliclly was the cmpcror's
I~ost equipped ! They h:~d on costly nrmoul., n.nd very du-
:~ble and rneny-colourecl garments, a d 1.oc1.e on wnr-l~orses
that clmmpl the foaming bit, and beautiful mules ; they
~narcl~cd to and fro, ready lor battle, their numberless pennons
and gorgeous banners floating in the breeze, to lieep off those
that wcre advancing or to give them battle. As our men
were ende:~vouring to redl the sllore, they tried to frighten
them by l~orriblc sl~outin~s, like growling dogs, n11d abused
tl~c~n as if thc.y 11x1 beeu curs, aud told tl~enl they were
l~nstcnir~gafter what, it was impossible to accon~!)lish. They
also had sornc slingers and archers and f ve gnlleys on the shore,
well nrn~e~l,and filled nit11 young rnen sldletl in senfights.
our troops, mllo wcre 111aIil11g for the port t,o seize
upon it, Ll~cli~cl up xi it \vm, scc'lned. 110111ntc11 for the encrny,
I)ecnuse they were csposed in SI~I:III I)oata, n.nd were also much
fatigued by long tossing ;~bo~rt on tbe scih and beuides, they
were foot soldiers, burdc~~ed wit11 their proper arms ; t,he
~~nlives, on tl~c coiILmry, WCI.C in heir owu couutry, and co111d
do overy thing at pleasure. So wlicu our meu approaclled
in their boats, in order, they tlotcrmined on conling to
closo qusrters to drive off the slingcrs and srclrers in the
g:Jleys, and against tltem our archcrs and slingers directed
their nttnclrs ; and the Griffons, ahr losing a great rnany of
their men, gave wa.y, for they could oot witl~stnntl the brunt of
tho battle. And wlren the nrrows flew thickly, three or four

nt n time Icn.pecl out of the galleys into the sen, nnd dived under
mtcr, wI1~1re tl~ey perished, by I;nocI;ing q:~iusL each vtlm in
tlleir attelrlpts to seek rcfugc in flight. The gdlcys, therefore,
l~eing cnptured, . . 3~1.1our b0:~ts Colne to sl~ore, our slingers nnd
arcl~ers, br;~l~ilng courage by SUCCCSS, sent ;r sl~owcr of arrows,
like rain, nt tl~osc who were gu.trdi~,g the Innrli~~g-pliwe. Tlw
Chiffons not nblc to stand tl~e cl~ar,ge, retre~tetl Froui the bead1 tab
firmer ground, wl~ile their nrbalestcrs and ours kept constantly
tl~rowing clnrts, so that the sky was clarkenecl, and the c:dnlnera
of day sce~ncd to grow into night from the slruwcv of nrro~s,
while the wl~ole city swarmed with inen, xnJ the t~ei~blourltood
was filled with n multitude of men plyi~lg t,l~eir cngines.
It wm a long time cloubtful on al~icl~ side the victory la~y, or
\rhich party was superior ; fur onr troop., tl~ou:l~ they strovo
with dl their strength, did not make progress. The Iting, perceiving
that his men yere not dari~~g ic~~ougl~gct t~) oat of tl~cir
bonts, and molte for the shore, ic.apcJ fi rrt frnm his b:qe into
the water, and boldly sttnc1,cl;ed the GritSons ; and thcn our sol -
~liers, imitating his esnll~ple, exgerly sought to pl~t t11c cucrny to
Ilight.; ancl having 11latle nn ~r~~pression on thcir trc~ol~s, forced
tl~ctn to give way. Then you n~igl~t tice a sl~ower of flying
tlnrts, and the Greeks cut down ; and you nlight l~car the
murmurs of the cumhtni~ta, the groans of the dying, and the
yells of thc retrenti~~g. 'I'bcn, n.lso, our iucn in a botly, mowing
clown the reeks as they llc~l in confusion, drove tl~ern
flrst into the city, and from thence to the plains beyond. The
king, pusl~ing on in purs~~it of tlrc enllicror, fouml a coinmon
I~orsc, upon which he speedily vsult.cr1 by tlic nit1 of a
lance,. placed behind the saddle, 2nd rode on with cords
for stirrups. The king thus I~nstily prcsscd n.ftcr the cmperor,
crying out, " Rly lord the elnperor, I cl~nllen~e you
to single combat;" but, ns tl~ougl~lie wcre clc:tf, hc Aed
swiftly awy. The king, h:~\.ing thus tnltcn Lhc city, caused
the two queens to be lantlecl from the buss mtl lodged in
I~imozin, mlicre, after t.l~e fatigncs and perils of tlleir voy;Lge,
they recruited ~lic~nsclves in security.
Cu. XXXIIL-Acrlher fl lhefigh6 behocm the king and the emperor,
and of tlrc victo-~yof tho kmg a~tdflrejiyht of the empro? lo Nicosia.
Tm snrne night tl~c king lorl:.ctl ill his pasilion, and caused
his horses to be 1;snded by the E,suecl;ars. But the emperor,

not tliinki~g IIC I~danyIlorses, fei~rcd. him the less, aud pmscil
thc nigllt cuc:~n~pccl witl~inR distance of two leapes. On tl~r
morrow, about t ~ O'C~OC~, o the Irirg moanted his horse,antl tliscovered
some Greclis standing not far off in an olive-yard with
their gorgcous bnnncrs, and on tl~cir taking to flight, Ile pursued
t1le111. But fornsmnol~ as our horses had becn injurcd by
being tosscd nbout on thc scn, standing for :L whole monlh, our
rncn spwcd them and wcnt at a rnodemte pace, until they saw
the army of the emperor, wllicl~ I d spent tile night in a valley,
;LI,~ tlm~ they stoppctl in their oursuit. The G~.celis, crying
out with a horrible clanlour, began to i~~sult our men ; on
wl~ich thc emperor, aroused from his sleep, mounted his horse,
:~ud n~arcl~ecl with Iris men townrds ours gradually, as far ixi
n ucighbouring l~ill, wl~cro he took his station to overlook
he engagement. The Greeks malting use only of
t,lu:ir bows aud slings, cried out t-hat our Inen were innnove-
side. Then there came to the Iring a certain clerk, by
tlnlnc Hugo do Mam, in arms, and mid to the king, " My
IorJ the Iiing, it appears to be a wise plan to decline for il
time: so large and EO powerful a multitude." To wl~om the
king anawered, LL Sir clerk, as for our profession, you had
Letter employ yourself in writing, and leave wnr to us, and
take good care to lreep out of tile crowd." Others lilcewiso
dissu:~ded the king from lighting against so mighty a host :
iudced 11e 11d not with him at that time rnorc tlran lifty
men ; but taking courage from the enemy's wavering, he put
spi~rs to bis horse, and mas suddenly arried n+gninst the
enemy, and piercing tl~rougl~ their line, scattered tl~cm, and
:~tt:~clcingfirst one 2nd then the other, he instantly dispersed
tlleln. For when their ar111y perceived that their nxlversaries
were collecting together, tl~eir valour gave way, and they
tool; to Higl~t; thosc who b:ul swift and nimble horses escaped,
hut the foot-soldiers and common people, who were less fitted
for Iligllt, were slain in all directions without distinction, and
could not fly further, on account of the arrival of the Icing.
hud while the elnpcror was encouraging and animating his
men to fight, the Iting corning sudclenly upon him at full .
spned, Icnoc;lced him off liis horse with his lance ; but he
quickly prJcured another, and escaped in the crowd : some of
his compmions, however, were lost. Oh! how many noble
horses might you have seen slain there, and coats of mail, and

helmets, and swords, and lances, and pennons f:rllcn down,
:cntl sta.uclards of various shapes, and the Lodies of tlcad nlw
welteriug in tl~cir blood, anJ mmc. yet breathiug tl~cir Inst,
in countless numbers. The ernperor, perceiving thc boldrlcw
of ow nrcn, and the flight of his owl,, :and ilot forgctting
l~is spurs, which he saw wcl~ tl~o only tlii~~g that rern:r.inecl,
flccl with the utnlost swift~lcss to thc 111ountnins. Tl~c
Iting struck down his banner-bearer, and gnvc ordcrs tint LIIC
splenJid and beautiful banner should bu kcpt for IJ~III. Tl~eli
our horse~ncn pursued the fugitives as ihst :IS they conld for two
~uiles;after wl~icli, conling biack at a ~~loilernte pace, tl~cy quietly
returncd. Tlre peo[~l~ then turning to the booty, took nlud~ spoil,
viz. arms, and costly woven vestr~lents, and the tent of tllc
emperor, with all the vessels of gold and silver wliicll were
found tl~ercin, and dl his splcnclitl apparel and I~o~~schold
~tulk' : bcsitles coats of mail, I~elmets, cl~oice swords, LOI.RP.S
ant1 ~i~rilcs, and also very 1noc11 plundcr ill sheep :~nd cnttlc,
all11 goats, uolh mares and I I I L ~ ,wino, fowls, 2nd hells; anti
they also l;,und clwice wines mil provisions of all sorts, xnrl carried
of 3 host of captives ; SO tl~at froin the immense quanti~y
of plunder they 1)ec:unc fiutidious,-in :I word, every mind was
satiated with booty, nor mould thy regard any thing tli:~t
was precious when offered them, for they were amply Incler~.
After thcse tliings were done, the kiug proclaimell :m edict
by berdtl, that whoever of the inl~:d)i~~~~t.s were clisposetl for
peace, might go and retnrn as they liketl witlwut harm lro~n
his men, and enjoy perfect liberty; 1)nt that whoever Iicltl
the king as an enemy, sl~ould talx taro not to fall inl;o his
I~anrls, or those of the nrlrly, for I I ~odd
~ certainly treat him
as a foe, and that he wonlcl prove l~iniself sucl~ :~xthy stood to
1h1. J3y these menus the elnpcror lost wry Illany of his aren,
who consl:~.ntly tlcscrled him. At I i ~ l she betook Iiin~self' to ;r
very stro~r~ fort called Nicosi;~, in cot~fusion and sorrow ;~t
having k~ilccl in his i~~tcntions.
CH. XXX1V.- Of Urc arrival of King Gu?yat Cyprus.
ON the following Satrircli~y three galleys bore in sight,
mt1 d l doubted what they co1111l mean, or whence tl~ey c:rmc.
,1,lie king nlwi~ys proulpt,, nut to wy wnlarous, e~nl)arkeJ in :r
slnnll vemel ilr~pelled will1 oars, awl wcnt to meet tlien~ mtl
inquire who the o0111c1.s were a1~1wllwce t11cy cnmc; :rnrl
ou tlicir :mswcring that it was Guy clc: 'llusign;tn, tl~c l;i~,~

eturned quickly snd ordcred supper to be in~medintcl~ prepared
for tllc guests t11:~t were coming. And when Killg Guy
Isnded, Ile recuived 11in~ with the gentest rmpect, atld entertaitled
l~inl most cordinlly. King Guy hncl come to I

I 01, induce him to surrender; but by the mec.lintion ant1
corncst request of tile masters of the IIoapitn.ll.er~ of Jew
salcn~, it was dctcrrnined tint a, conference sl10111d be hcld
betmcen the king and the emperor, who grmtly Ln~nel~lnd
the loss of Iiis men, and tl~nt hc Id been L'wcecl to fly in a
sltan~eful manuer to Nicosia from the face of the Iririg ; am1
he feared pursuit tho more, because tl~e natives detested l~im,
and he could not, therefore, trust to tl~eir xsistaoce. Wlicrc-
fore, having cnllecl together as many as he could, the lriug
proccedetl to a vcry large phis, betwecn the sca and the high-
way, close by thc city of Limozin. He was mounted 011 %
Spanish chargel; of high ~ncttlc, of large size and ele@nt
slmpe, wit11 bi~h shoulder and pointsrl cars; hie neck was long
2nd slendol; mltl his thighs E~u1tles.s; his feet were broad, sntl
his limbs so perfectly ~t~arked, th~t a pinter could not have
in~itakd them wit11 pcrfcct nccumcy. AS if prcp:wing hin~sclf
for swifter nlovculent, 11e disdained to be cltcclred by his
golden curb, iud by the alternate cl~s~~ge of Ilk fect he seelnetl
at one time to move forward on his hind, at another 011 his
fore legs. Tile Iiing bountlecl into his s:~clclle glitlering wit11
gold spa,ng)es intcrsl)wsed wit11 red, wldc on thr hi~lder part
two sinall lions of gold were turned towards each other, with
their niouths open, and one poi~ltctl to the other on endl ol'
the fore legs, as if stretcl~ed out to devolw. The I;in,qlrc
feet were dccomted with golcleu spurs, :~utl he was clothed ill
a vest of rosc-coloured stnkf', ornamentcrl with I ~ V Sof we+
cents of solid silver, like orl~s of the snn shining in tllicli profiluion.
Tho king thus apprellcd rode forwwtl, gided witl~
a sword of proved aletal with a, l~auclle of gold and a woycn
ldt, and thc n~outll of the scabbard ws fasteucd wit11 silver;
on his llcad be wore a hat of scarlet, onmmented with the
shapes of wrioos birds and beasts worlied with the hand, ant1
sown iu with ~lfiay-~orli by the needle. I-Ie carrietl :&
staff iu his Ilnd, a d the nlanncr of his bearing it provcrl
him to be n soldier of the .higl~est order, and sfforded tLc
greatest gratification to a11 who saw him. After many 1)ropoeals
from both sides, betwecn the king and the emperor, tl~o
emperor ofiwd to swear fidclity to him in every thing, arltl
that he would send fire hundred liniglits to the land of
Jerusnlem, for the servicc of God, to be at the clisposnl atltl
commi~ndof Kiug lticl~nrd; and in dcldition to all t11cs.c

things, in order that he nrigllt fullysa,bisfy the Icing an(] no
dvlibt 011 his niid, he ofirctl to phce all his castles a11t1 f(,rts in
thc hands of the liin$s p:~rd~, he gpvc besides tlrree thous:~dfive
Ilundred ~n:~rlcs as satisfaction to tliose who llnd lost
tl~eir ntoney, or 11n.d it plundcrcll; it1111 if the Iring, wwrtliog to
the agrcen~cnt Letween tl~crn, should think that Ilc an11 llis merl
fought faithfully, tho clnporor ~hould have his tcrrit0r.y with
his castles 3rd forts restored to him; the frientlsllip LCt.wcen
t11en1 remaining the mnc n* heretofore. And wllcn tlre
1;i11g referred this otier to his friends for examination, to sec
wlretlre~. tl~cre was any thing derogn.tory to the king's honour
l),y sucl~ nn ngreemcnt, and wl~ethcr dl werc satisficd with it,
they answorell that it was in arery respect to the Iring's
honour, and tlmt they were perfectly satisficd with it. Arid
nftcr the king I d l~cnrtl this, tllc e~ilperor imniediately swam
lo observe fi~.itl~hrlly all tl~e sforcsnid conditions to the 1ihg ;
:~rl(l having exclmngetl the kiss of pence, they nisde an allirncc
iu the mouner described. The king, returning from thc conrcrence,
which had bcen broken up, inimedintely sent lo tlrc
cnlperor lik pavilion, which he had c:%pt,uredin thc aforesnid
L:~tt.le,as a pledge of peace and frienddip ; .he seut, besides,
the vessels w11icI1 11d been plunderca from 14 and the emperor
causod tents to be ereotetl forthwith on the spot where
the abovementioned conferencr, took plam.
CH. XXXVI1.-Of the fliqhl cj' the emperor Ly night through Famayusln
asJur as Candouia, and of lke caplrwe of Nicosia.
ONthe following night, at the s~~ggcstion of n, trcaolicroirs
1;nigltt named I'nin de C1aiKx, the cinperor, trusting to the
d:~rlinesq fled away wit11 all speed on a vslualle and hrourite
hol.se, for the knight tuld 11inl tlint King Richnrtl
intended to seize upon l~i~ii tlmt night, aud throw hin~ in
ol~ains; m ~d the emperor, friglrtenccl thereat, cscapcd to
his city of Famagusta., llcaving belrird 11in1 his tents and
cliargerq and all his l~ouselioltl stuff. On Itearing which, King
Riol~nrd commenced s pursuit nfter him, with his galleys,
:ic.cusi~~ghi111 of perj~iry and the riolntion of his word, and
111% e~~trl~sted to Ring Guy thc cordrlct of his rwmy by
I:ml to Piui~ngnsta, where 11e nrrivcd on the tliircl clay, a.nd
for~nd it tlc-orled, for tl~c cnlpeior, convinced t11:tt it wonlcl
not Lc safe for him to stand a sicge, conceded himself in

A.D. 1191.3 CAPTURE OF NICOiIA. 1 :I3
the woods, where ncccss wns difficult, that, if our men ~houltl
renturs to ~ W through, S he might attack them from nn :LEIbuscntle.
'I'lre liilrg, on arriving st Fornn.gnst3, pve or(lcrs
that the ports of the sea should be most strictly watched by
his gxllcyq in order that he tnigl~t take the emperor prisoner,
if he nttentplecl to escape. And, after staying tlrere tbree
hys, tl~ere aLme w amhmsdors, the bislrop of Besuvaiq and
nrogo de Mirle, s noblcmnn of lligl~ renown, to eul~ort 11inl
to cross the sm witl,o~~t delny, and to assure hirn that the
king of Prance would not proceed to the assault of Acre
before his arrival ; ant1 they added words of rebuke, that h~
lid oeglectetl necesmry m:~tters, nnd espended his entlt.nvo~~rs
on vain tlutics, autl wu ~wes~ltnptuo~lsly persecuting innocent
Cltristin.ns, wltert so many tlrousnnd Sarxcns were to be
attacked in the land ndjoining, for whom, even ltis vnlol~r,
altltoirgll so nligl~ty, woulcl be uo match on trial. To tltis
message, tl~c king replied ill angry lernls, by no 111eans suitable
for insertion here; hilt thcir hbour ww in vain, mltl~ougli they
used every nrgnnicnt to dissnnde llim fro111 his: purpose, for be
was busy enough in attacking and purs~liug the Crcelrs as they
deserved, a,s it appeared to be of the greatest consequence to
subdue an island so necessxry t,o the land of Jerusalem. PayLying
110 attention to the messengers, lie nd-weed to Nicosia,
whither e'wh had brought the provisions necessary for himself,
ns it was a cle~crt place; they moved forward in order of
battle, for they Imd lenrnh thst the emperor intended to lie
in amhush for them. The king n~:~rcl~cd in the rear, to
pinrd n9~inst :~ttacl

CR. XXSVII1.-Of (We ca~~6nre of lire llrrce fnrls, inone ofrdtich irns
the emperor's clarrglrlm mzd treasure.
Wr~ntl~r: ai.tny, wliicl~ had lmn cliviclctl into three ports
by tlra king, liiq O~rylaid sicge to Ll~e three forts, Cl~cri-
Incs, D~J~IIIIIS! m~lCu tpheliens ; the two first Iic q~~icltly
pined pt~swssion of; for, with the help of ngnicle wl~o I;nc\\, the
W : L ~:~n,1the places of difficult nccess, the army, nppro:r.cl~i~~g
tllc fort of Chcrirliev I)y I:LI:!~ :~ntlby scn, nwdtetl it i~lstn~~tl~;
and they who nrcre in it, IIO!, csl)ccti~~g ally ad, sr~r~mtlcrccl
t,lm fort, in whit:h WCIY: f01111tl tl~c c~~~pcror's da.uShtel; mitl llis
trcnsiire. WICII tile eurpcror Iic:~rcl of hie Inss, lie nw so
ovt~rwl~clr~~ctl witah grief, tlint it ncdy clrovc hi111 n-d. I.Llng
Guy, I~;~ving lioist~!tlIhe banners of Jii~ig 12icl1n1-d on tlro
bntt.len~c~~ts of the furt-, p.occetlct1 to sttwlc the sccontl fort,
c:dleti Di~lin~ua, very strong Ly situation, nrd exposed to n.ttnck
on no si~lt:; nntl tl~nsc wl~o were shut I I therein ~ ~)rel~:uc(l to
Jefc~~tl tl~crnselvc~, and for sonrc d~ysIqt throwir~g storlcu
anti tl:vts at tlic I)csicgcr.a, r!nt.il they wcre con~lnnr~clcrl by tliu
c~npe~.or to gi1.c it 111) ; :IIII~ ill it tl~c Iring placed thc c~~l)crur's
dal~~llt.t?r, to prevc~~t 111.1- ljni~rg ~wnptnrad. Proin thence
King Guy ~.ctu~!~cclthe to :Limy :~tNicosix, wlrcrc King

CR. XL1.-How, ~ciliilcIhe peel of Ifiny Richard was sailiray lowu?~7s
Acre, a aery lnrgs Suvacn ship Lore h siyhl; and how the king i7umediately
allacketl il, und look it.
IIAVINGconcludecl these operntions, the king gnvc his
attention to tllc irnmctli:r.te crossing or the sea, and ml~cn tiley
llnl! pl~cecl tllc b;rgpge on botrrtl, a favourable wind blowing,
the tieel; sob mil frt~~n tl~c shoro; ord the queens moved forwartl
in cornp;rlly with the king in person. 'fhe king had left
in C'ypn~~ Lrnve nncl tliligcnt men to securc n supply of ueceps;~ry
provisions bereai'tcr ; viz. v~l~cat, corn, and barley ; rlicnt
and live stock ~f vnriom kinds, wllicll abound in that island.
13y this time n rcport wns spred that Acre wns on tlle
point of bring tnkcu, ant1 wllen the Icing heard it, he sighctl
deeply :mtl s~iil, " M:ly Cod defer the tnlring of Acre till J
conie, nftcr it llns Gccn so lo~g bcniejied, nntl therefore -tile
triumph will hc the more glorions wit11 the nesistnnce of God."
7 7
1 lieu p~t~ting reatly with :ill spercl, he went on bonrd one of
his largest :clld swiftcst g;~llepi, :i.t I~:LIII;I.,~s~:L ; ant1 as was his
wont, 110 I I I O V i'ur\\~z~~l ~ ~ ill :LL[VXILCC, i~npntientof dclay, wide
tile u~l~cr sl~ips fullowed in his malic ns quicltly ns tiley coolJ,
and well JJ~C~,:LIWI, 1'11. tl~~re is no power tllnt illigllt not
justly 11:~vc drcded tl~cir Ilostility. As they plorlglled cross
the sea. L!I~ ldv I:~id of Jerusdenl WAS descrictl Eor the first

orclerccl lii~~l to L.OW quickly, nntl inqnirc wlw corl~~~~;~n~lcd t,llo
vc.>..el. Ant1 wllcn they ~nswerctl tl~i~l; it l~clo~~gcil to tllc kin,: of
Prnucc, the Icing ill 11is eager haste n-plj1.onc11c.d it; hut it hntl no
n~:lrliof I~cingl~'rcncl~, withor did it I)c:~r orlg Cllristin~~ syn11)ol
or ~1:111dzrd ; and on looliing at it ne;~r, tl~c kin(: LI,:

arrows at onr niem. On seciug this, the king br~~crctl tile sl~ip
to be nttncltcd furthwitl~, arul nfter c:sting 3 slrorver of tl:~rtu
nminst c:lch otl~cr, tl~e sl~ip relnscd in its spectl, for the wind
'
&rictl it but slowly i~1011;. Thot~gll our gnlleylnen rolvcJ
rcl;l~nt~llly launtl tho ship, to scr~~tiulze tl~c vesscl, tl~ey co~.~l~l
fin11 no point of attack : it i~,ppc:~re~l rjo solid and so corn-
~"ct, snd of such strong ~natc~i:~ls; a d it wnu clefcntletl
by ;L g~lnrcl of w:~rriom, who Iicpt tl~rowiiig di~rts at tllcm.
Our moll, tl~erdorc, relisllc(2 wt tl~c d:~rts, nor tl~e gmt
height of the sl~ip, for it w:~; cnuugh to strive sg;~.i~lst.n foe on
~~L:LI ground, wllerc.as a dnit throw^^ fro^^^ abovc nlw,zys tells
u1mi1 111ose below, sincc its ircm ~.~oint fi~lls tluwna.:~l~ds. lIt:nce,
tl~oir nnlour: relnsed, but tl~c sllirit of the lii~~g i~lclwsecl,
:LIII~ 11e eschin~e~l nlmtl, "Will yon allow tl~c ship to get
nnny n~ltoncl~crl :~nduninj~lral? 511:1111eIIPOII YOU ! nre you
grown cow:~rds t'rom slut11, :~l'tcr so ulany triu~npl~s 7 The
ml~ulcworld It~~orvs t\~:~t yoi~ c~~gngecl ill tl~c :;cr\:ice of tl~o
Cross, an~L you will II:LVC? to n~ltlergo the severest punisl~~~~cnt,
if' you pcriuit sn enemy to cscni):! wldo he livw, and is thrown
in your way." Our men, therefore, ~nxliinga virtne of
ueccssity, phngccl cngcvly illto the wxkr unh tlle ship'ssidc,
sncl l)ou1111 the rudder wit11 ropc.s to twn and relwd its progress,
n d solne, calchi~~g I~ulcl of L11c cnblcs, lenpt on Isom-d the ship.
The Ti1r1;s rccciving tl~crri ~n:u~fully, cut them to pieces :IS
they ~.:LIIIC on board, ant1 loppiq oA' the 11c:~cl of tl~is one, :1!11l
the hnn~ls of tI~:zt, :iml tl~c ~IIII? of a~iothcr, c:t.st tl~cir I.l~lrlics
into tl~e xcx. Our 11mi scci~~g tbis, ancl glorving with nngcr,
pinccl Srcsl~ coumge from tl~c tl~irst for vcngeancc, nud crossing
over tl~e bnlw~rlis of tl~c vesricl, nttnclic~l the Turks in n
body wit11 great iicrccncss, who, tbvugl~ giving way na.littlc,~li~lo
an obstil~nte resist:rncc. Tllc Turks gathering bold~~csu from
dcslnir,uscd dl their eHi)rki to rcpel those who tl~rwtcned tlwm,
cutti~lgoff the : L~~IS, hantls, and even l~entls OF our um ; but
tl~cy, nftcr n. mighty struglc, (11-ove the Turks bncli ns far ,w
the IWOW of thc ship, wliilc from the interior otllers rnsllccl
upon or~r mcn in n. body, preparing to dio bmvely or repel tlie
fue ; they were the choice youth of tho Turks, fi ttecl for
w:w, and suitably arn~etl. The battle lasted a long time,
nnd mzuy fcll or1 both sides; but at last, the Turks, pressiug
bol~llpon our men, tlrove tllern bndi, though thy rcsistcd
Wit11 all their niighl;, and forced tl~en~ froin the ship. Upon
which our men retired to their galleys, sncl surrounding the

Crr. I.-Of llrc awivnl of King Richard a1 Acre.
T~~rrs, dtcr l~i sncccss by srn, King R.icl~nrtl Iwtcned with
,jr;y and ;~l:~:~,it,y, and with i~,ll1,is .sl~itc,~O\V;II,~S Acre, wl~ither
111seager widleu c;rrriecl liin ; 2nd the nest uigl~t,with the aid

of a, pros~erousgale, the fleet nt~cllored OR' Tyre. In the morrrlug
thy wcigllcd ~lnchor, aud lloisted sail, aud sootl nfLcrw:11&
1) L ~ Cnncl:~lion, ~ J of which we Il:~ve before spolten ; n.n~i going
by Cnsclla Ymbrici, the high LO\VC~ of Acre cnlne ill sigllt,
al~d then, by little nnd lit,tlc, the other fortifications of tl~e
city. Around it the besicgcra lay ill COIIIItless muItitucIL.s,
cl~~~sc!ri from every nntioi~ il~ro~~gl~out Cl~rislcudomrind ~lllrln~
the f:wc of lienveu, and well littctl for tile Inl.~ours anll fatigpos
of war ; for the city had now been bcsicgccl n long time, x~ltl
1r;~ti bcc~~ nfllictecl by constant toil :mil tribnlstion, by tl~e
pxuss~~re 01 fanline, and every kind of n,tivcrsity, m wo I~nvr:
Iwlbrc described. Moreover, Lcyo~hrl the bcsicgc~s, w : scen ~ tho
T~~l-kish army, not, in :I,conpct Iiotly, but covering the ulonntxins
and v:dleys, Idls an11 pl;t.i~lx, with tents, tl~c colwrs of
wliose vnrious form were I~CIICCLCII Gy thcsm~.TIICY saw, also,
the pnvilion of S:~l:~~litl, a1111 11is brotllcr B:IF.LIIs~I~II's tent, : L I I ~
tl~:~t of Knltntliu, he mainstn.y uf Pitgnnism ; he wns mn.tcl~ing
the parts to s~:~wnrcl, a114 ~ hning c~nsti~nt and viguro~rs
sthclis upon the Cliristi:uis. King l.licl~nrtl I)elleld nnd con)-
putecl dl their nimy ; and n-hcn Ile arrivucl ill ~rort, the ltin,~
of I'rauce ant1 :I whole arnly of nntivcs, anfl the princes,
ct~iefs, and nobles, cnrne forth to ~ncot hi111 nntl n&o~ue I~iul,
with joy old exultation, for they llsd eagerly lo~gcd fu~, Iris
nrrivd.
CH. 11.-O]'/hc joy, SO~!/P. which toolcplnce on account
W I ~ Z ~ O C C S S ~ ~ ~ S
oj King Richard's arrival.

CH. 111.-How the Pha9z.s gave tlremselve.~ tip to King Richard, and
ltotu the Turks cIra/letqd us lo ballle.
Trm Pisnns, a,lniiri~~g tl~c glory and ~nagnificcuce of King
Eicl~ard, cwnc bcforc 11iu1 :wt.l rld II~III IIOIII~I.~~, nnd tool;
the oath of nllcqinnce that thy sul)iuittcrl vol uutarily to his
anthority 2nd swvicc. But tl~c cunning Turlis cnvid tlic
l~ono~~r psi11him, :mtl somc of Ll~cm, citllcr to feign the nrsllmption
of frcsl~ boltlness on his arrival, or to provoke n. spccrlv
encountw, one Su~i~lny ~non~in~ ~!:s~o,~c~ tl~c~ns~lves to attack
outsitlc our c:qi, wnndcriug I I and ~ c!own ns if for the snko trf
excrcisc, and tllrowiug tlluir tlnrts :~tm1t101n; and at. ti~~~cr;
thcy sccmcd to t111.nnten to crosh the ditch in ~iu~nbcrs, nncl
n~~r~oyed our rum, irritating then1 to a, contcst unccnsingly.

Tam king of F~mcc,not liliirlg tllc dclny in crrnl~r~crlcil~~
the athcli, seut won1 to King Iticllnrtl, tllnt :r b,\.r~111:~blo

opprt~mity now ofYcrctl itself; njltl 11c also wn.rnctl, by wice
of' I~er:~lcl, Lllc nrnly to lxcllaro for n.11 ;IP~:LIIIL;. cut liir~g
Ric11:1rd 11ac.l signifcd his in~hility Iiitl~o~tm to :tttclld to his
dl~t.y, bot11 on nocount of i~~tlispsition, and l~ccn~~.i~ his nlCll
wcre uot yct coma; tl~ougl~ I I I~opxl
~ that tl~>,v R'OII~I~31.li1c
ill tile ncst flcct of sl~ips, nnd wuiiltl bri~rg wiit~ th111
r~l;~tcrinls for thc co~istructioo of ~~~nal~incs. Tlic Ici~~g of
Fl,rrlcc not thinl;i~~~ fit to Jcsist, 011 tl~nt acc~lu~~t, fro111 his
~n~rpow, con~n~a~~clc~l :UI :~sault 10 be j~~.crclni~nctl, by voicc of
beraltl, tL~vn~l~l)ut tl~c nrnly. Tl~crch~rc, nn tlic Ml~ntlay
nftcr tl~c fc:wt of' the N;~tivity of St,.Jo1111tile 1\;11.;iat, tl~o
killS of l?r:~~~cc, hnvil~~ ercctcd his il~i~cl~incx, pvc orJc~s to
his Inen to nrw. Thcn n~igl~t bare bcci~SWII a couutlcss
n~ultitucle of :~nued men, wurtl~il,~ eq~~ipllctl ; n~~rl so lllnny
co:ik; of scalc :umoul; g!c:r~~~inqp Lcl~ncts, :I.III~ n~~l~lc cl~argcrs;
0.
wit11 l x ~ ~:~IIIICI.Jorvnrwus ~ ~ ~ worlan:~~~hl~il~, ~ ~ :IIIL~soltlicrs ~ ~ ~ J
oC trie~l v:~,lou~. and GI,U~:.L%C,ncwr a.3 Ilatl I ~ I ,vcn I bcfom.
I-lnviu;: placctl men to tlefc~~tl tl~c trc~~thcs :~g::.i~lst tl~c tl~rcntc~~t!cl
nttacl; of' S:L~:~~II fr0111 \vit.l~out, t h nm~y :~plxo:~cl~e~l thc
wnlls uf tl~c city, a11t1 com111cncc11 :I, 111ost vigorous a-w~ult, by
cllsti~~g darts ~IIJ stones ~JYJIIIarl~:d~:st.~ can11 111:l.c11ine~, witl~ouL
ce:uing. Whcn tl~c T~irks wllo wcrc sllut r ~p in tllc city S,ZW
this, tl~eyraised a ton~nltr~uos C~:LIIIOIII', :~nd shoutctd to tl~c
sltics ; SO t11:~t it ~ C S C I I I ~ tlw ~ I CI.:L~I in ~ I I C :~ir c:~used by
~IIUII~CPlightning :LII(~ ; for RtrlllC II:LI~ tllk F I dut,y--lo ~ beat
b:~.jins ar~dphttcrs ; to stri1;c tin~brcls ; mu! Ily otllcr means,
to III~L~~C si~p:tI to S:l.l:~cli~~ :~ntltho :nwy wiLho111; ir~ older tl1n.L
they n~igl~t conlc to thcir succour, ncctr~,tli~lg to :ISI.ITI~CII~.And
sl~cn the Tulks from witl~oc~t S:LW :~11c11c:~nlthis, tl~cy gatimed
in n, botly ; ant1 collecting eve1.y m:~.tcri:~l mit11i11 their
rei~ol~ to fill 1111 thcclitcl~, they cr-ayd to cross ovcr, rind
a.tt:~cl~ our nw, but failcd in efkcti~~~ thair ol!jcc:t. For Godfi.cy
of Lusipnu, a I~:LII of the ~nost :~pprovcrl .\dour, opposccl
Ll~cu~, and drovc tl~c:~~ back from tho barri~:~il~s, wL1c1.1
they hail :~I~mcly scixcil upon, above onr men ; and he slew tell
of tllcr11 with :LI~ axe 11o carried in his Ilan~l, ill n. most glurious
nimnler ; ltncl nonc 11c slnoto cscnpetl ; nn,y, 11c touk some :~livc ;
for s11c11 W:~SI1i3 COIII.:~~C ant1 activity, tl~:l,t no one sincc the time
of tl~oac fl~n~ous SOICL~C~P,1t1,l:~ud:I,IJI~ Oliver, c0111d lay claim
to s11cl1 tlistir~ctio~l, T ~ ~ I Itl~olnoutl~of I all, m l~in~sclf'.0111.
rncn rcgni~~c~l the Lal.ricadcs, but with n ~~icl~ 1:~bour n ~ tlilli­
d

CH. V1.-How, in cosscr/umzco of the illws.~of tkr lzvo kin!/s, the army
?lms clwclypw~scd;arid / I ~ Cthey wcw cuwfuvfctl by the rc~riunl:of
1Xc M~.c!nm.
T~rustllc army pi~lcd :mr:1,y from excessive grief an11discow~,qerne~~t
nt tho sickness of the two kings; for tlrry hnrl not
3 chief or Icntler to fight tho bnth of tl~c Lortl. To ud~lto
the public grief, Lllc cor~~~t of Plancler~dictl ~IIIIII:L~II~O~~. TIIO
arrival of the Ncet:rrs (1 Esnoc1r:~i.s)in aoinc n~c.uurco~lsoleil
thc nnny, a~niclst the distrc.s wlricl~ tllcsc circu~~~stnnces nccnsiunetl.
There cam, nftcr :L trmtpil voyage, very Inmy Lisl~nps
and princes, caul1 a(:ci~ll~j~n~lied by his own ruhiuc, tu thc nid
of the Cl~ristiauu, mllnscl unrlles nwu, the bishop of E~~evcrrin,
Eogw do 'YUOIIY, an11 m:my h~.othrs nnd I;i~lsn~o~~ s~vn:uned
dc Cor~~cbn ; 1:obc:rt tlc Ycwl~ucy, -Tn~d:~o rle Huniez,
the cl~e~nbcri:~.i~~ of Tn~~c:n.villc, ~IJL'I.L, cnrl ol Leiccstcr ;
Gerard de TaIcLor, Ii:~~:l~~lpli Taissm ; also Ll~c liiligl~
ts named

of Torole; the viscount of Cnst.le Dim, Ecrtrnm dc Vcrdnn,
1Eoger dc R:~r:lcncort, and the Itnighb of Praelu;
Chrin titz Gerolcl, and those of 3Ia.1.3, I-Ic111.y fitz Nicllolns ;
E1m1d cle M~p:~vilI~, the St~~tcvillcs, Willin~n Martcl,
William Mzlcr, Willi:~111 Bloez, C;OCI:LI~ tle Lorcuma, I?Lo;lu~.tle
Satya, Andrew de Ut~avenguy, I-Ir~go lo Brun, Clcofrcy do
R:LII(:o~, 1L:~clulph cle :12;111leon, n'illia~nrles Itocqoes, Chffrcy
do Lnncclleu; .[lngh de Picrtc, \vim w:~sin Cyl~ruswl~enit;
was taker^, nr~tI:~l'torwards canlc to 4\~~0.Tllc two liings
were &I

Cw. TTIII.-HIIIII1hc T~rrk,shrj~lre ill^ CvrcfiJirr ON lhc rnnchhrrs mrd
UIPr/rt mu1 cwckh Lelongiy to lhc kiiy oJ'Am~cc, ic~hrrcm.:.ud/i~~g
flrc cily.

IN~ I I Cn~ornin~, thcrelcrrc, :ill :II.IIIC'(~ ~IICIIIS~YCB, and sorne
of tl~nI)mvcst sullliers choson f'~,crln tl~cwhcrl(: nmly wcw posted
nt the tre~~cl~cs tc~tvnrcls tho cstcrior, in in st tlic rcpcntetl annoysnccs
: L I ~sutlder~ nttaclie 01' tl~c! Snrnccns; f0.r Snlmlin Iind
vauuted tint on tl~:~,t Jn.y 11c \roulil ci.05:; tlic trcnclics iu fr~rci..
:snd prove his r:r!our ill Ilun~bling to the di~st tl~esmy 01' tlio
CLriatisna. nut IIC kept not his w11r11, nncl canw not ;tl1ou41
?
his nwy, 71111lcr the ~:UI~III:LII~ ol' I.sZ:~l~:ttliil, llis vizier, C':LIIIC 111
3 bo(ly to the trcnclics wci i~tlct~tptcdto C ~ O ~ ~IICIII;
R but
the Frer~cli were 11ot .;Ion, to rcsist, :mc! c:~tlcuvo~~r~c~.[ to tlrivc
tl~cnioff. The sla~~gl~tcr on bi1t11 si(l~~ \v~sgre;~t; sli~l the 'J'l~rli~
disrnou~~ti~~g,., a~lw~lccrl 011 Soot wit11 grc~tcr c~sc, : L I ~ having
joi~lccl b:~f.tle, fought most obr:tinn~dy nit11 sworils, h d LO
I~aud,RII~wit11 poignnrds anil two-e(lgcJ ncs, :1n11 SOIIIC t~f
them uscd clubs: bristling with very sl~arlr tcccl~. Tlrrir
strokes ou Ihc one Ilnnd, on11 c ~iw on tl~cotl~er, wcrc terrific:,
m1i1 rimy were SI:LIII 011 both s~~IcH. TIw 'Y11rl

obstinate, tl~e othcrs the ~no.st valiant of nlell ; but tlrcy
elibctcrl this nil!r so 11luc11 the rnore difficulty, as tlie nulnbcrs
of tl~e 'J:u~ks dlo posl~d on was tthe gre:tt.er; aurl
BO~I~~rcltcclwit11 t~wEdiL hat, as it was now sull,nlcr.
r llum . wllo directed their nthcks ng:~inst the oity trictl I)y
evwy Ine:Lns in tlrcir power to b:tltcr down or undcrnline tlro
wnlls, or else to snrrncrunt tl1cn1 wit11 scdir~g-I:~lde~~s. Tl~e TIII.lCS
who wcre shut up in tile city, dr(!:~Cli~~g the spirit of orlr mcll,
hoisted n signal to the Turks of S:~l:din's army .\vitl~o~~t, mlcl
intirnnted to tlrcm, either to 1n.zke no athck, fi,r the pulyose ~f
remot illg the Fmlch from tho walls, or to give tllcn~ instant
succour. The Turks from witl~o~lt pressed on obstinntdy, whcn
Kalrndin lcnrnt this, nnd driving our nicn baclr wi t11 all their
n~igl~t, violently filled the ditch ; but the Cl~ristinns, notwithstmding,
resisted, and opposctl their ntt..wlts, so that by God's
aid o1.11~ lncu stood rw n.n i~npenetrable wnll, and the enclny wns
rcpulsetl. nle:u~rnl~ilo, the mcn employed by the king of
Prance to nndcrrnine the wall, advanced so far :IS to remove
tlrc found:~tions, nncl they filled the space tl~us dug out with
logs of wood, nnJ sct tl~en~ou fire; tl~ese ignitcd the
piles of wood forming the fonr~dntions of the wall, which
sunk down gr:~dunlly, with a, slight inclination, and withont
fillling altogether. A largo ~iumber of Christians
11;tstcned to tint part, in order to enter and tlrivc baclr
tl~e Tarlcisll nr11iy. O! how mnny bnnncrs might thcn be
seen there, and piles of wood, of t-liffcrcnt sl~:~pcs, and on the
otllcr 11mcl the Turlis throwing Greek fire; on the onc sitlo
were the F~.cncl~applying latl~lcrs to the wall, thnt was but
p:~rtii~lly tlm~nm clown, and t~~ying i6 cross over; wlriist the
Turks were mountinz with latldcrs on the other sidc to
defend tbc breach w11icL Ii:~d bcen mnde in it.
C H. X.-FZuw Alberic Clemmds wm aluin by Me Turks wAitst sculing
fhe i~~alls.
Trrsn~ I~nppcncd a wonderful event, not to be passed over
in sile~~ce. The was n rnnn of' renown for his tried vnlour
nntl esccllcncc, named Alberic Clcments, mho,when he saw tho
F~wcll toiling to very little purpose, ssertctl his stwngtlr in
the vel~cl~rcnce of his nrtlour, escln.iming, " This clay I nsill
ycrislr, or, if' it plea,se God, I will cnbr into the city of Acre."
With thesc words, he boldly nlountctl the ladder; and a.s he

enclierl the top of he w:dl, tl~e Turb fcll 011 him fron~ a11
sitlea :wd I

to be carried tl~itlier on a silken bed, to hononr the Saracens
with his presence, nnJ ani~nate l~is men to fight; and from it, by
using his arlxilest, ill which Ile w : dcilled, ~ lie slew many wit11
darts and arrows. FIis snppus also carrid ;I mine under tllc
tower, nt wl~ich 3, petraria wss directed ; nntl 11:~viug maile 3
brei~cl~, of wood, and set t,hem on fire ;
they filled it with h:,u~
when, By tl~c wltlition of frequent blows from the petraris,
the tower fcll suddenly to the pound with a cmuh.
CH. XI11.-HOW the Turks viyornzdy ~geFlcdIiiq RicIuds mn
who ?ewe assau2ling Ihe city, a d how Ifhg Richard slew with his
arbalest me ~olrohad on the urntour of Albn-ic Clemals.
~RCEIVIHG, therefore, how difficult success .n1ns, that
he had a most wdilre eneniy to contend with, and tl~at
there was need of all his strength for the ilttaclr, the king
thought it best to incite the il~inds of his younger soldierv
by rewertls, rather than to urge them by severe orders ; for
whom will not the love of pin draw on ? I-Ie therefore
ordcred the Iler~zlJ to proclaim a reward of two nurci,
afterwartls three, nnd tlicn four, to mlioever ~houlcl overtlr~orn
n. pet~nria from the wtlls ; mil for em11 stow di,~pl,u:ed fro~n
the wnll, 11o prolnised n remnrd of four nzcrei. Then yuu
might 5ee the yo~lng men bound forward, and solcliers oE
great vnlour press on cln~~lonsly to draw stones from t11e
wnll, ns eqcr for glory as for pin, a11J persisting in their
efforts n~nidst the d:uts of the ermny. Very lnnny of
them failed in their nndertdcing, whilc otl~ers wero driven
bnck by fear of tlcatl~ ; for the 'l'urks from above vigorously
repelled tlle~r~, and neither sliield~ nor arms nvnilccl to
protect theni. The lleigllt of the wnll was vely great, as well
3s its tliickness ; hut the incn of vnloar, overconling dl ililficul
tics, estimtecl very many stones from the solid wall ; aud
when the Turks rushed up011 tllcni in a body, and tried to cast
them clown, they strove to repel them, but, l~avilrg forgot their
arm, tlicy exposed tllen~aolves to the clarts, iu an almost
u~~:i,rrneil condition. Onc of tllc Turks, v:lnnting ill the srmonr
of the afol-csnid Alberic Clc~ncnts, nrl~icll he had put on, nrns
shewing himself, to the nn~~oyonco of our men, on thc liigl~est
p~rt of the wall, in a, buastlul manner; but Kiug Ricl~nrd
ir~flicterl on him n cleadl,:/ vor~n~l, piercing hin~ tlr~w~gl~ the
hcart with a cut of his nrhL!st; t110 Turlii, grieving nt his

an togctllcr in crowds to avenge his death, and to a::susge
the LiLtcrnc~s of their grief by the fierceness of tlleir onsl:kught.
They boldly esposecl tllemsclvcs, as if they feared !lot that
the tlsl%s and missiles wooltl strike them, and rcpellcd and
pressed on our men like n~acl~ncn,--ncver wcre there hvcr warriors of any creed on earth ; and tlle memory of their
actions excites at once our respect and .zstonisItment.. In the
hottest of tllc combat, Itowever close the amonr ftlccl, or
whether the coat of mail wns twofold, it a~railed little to ~~esist
tlic darts fron~ their arbnlests. Nevcrtlle!ess, the Tdis kept
mining from within, so that our men wcre ol~liged tu retrcnt ;
and tile enemy raised a loud shout, as if they 11a.d gained their
purpose.
AT hst the aforesnid tower WDS t11rown ~OWIIby thc constant
blows of our petmrk and thc pulliug nm,y of
stones; mil wl~en King Richard's men had ceasecl fiwn
n~~cle~rnining, nnd the assaults mere clixontin~~ccl, our csq~lires
eqer for praise and victory, end fittcd :~nd equipped for wnr,
n.rl11ec1 tlternselves. Among them mere the retainers of the
earl of Leicester, and those of A.ndrew dc Cavcgin and 1-Iugo
Brun ;there also cane, most nobly arrayed, tllc bishnp of Sa!isb~iry,
and very many others. It was about tierce, i. e. the
hour of dinnu; when the men of valonr and the most excellent
esquires, yrep:~red to x.t.kaclc the aforesaid tower,
and forthwith boldly mounted it. The sentinels of ille Turlis
on seeing tllern begnn to shout,, and the ~l~ulc city, being
~ousecl, took up arms with dl lmte, and ran t.o oppose
them; and tho Turks prccl.scd in dense numliers upon LIIC squiq
wbo were nimbly ~uaking tllcir way. Tl'l~ilc our nlell
tried to cntw the city, and the T~lrlis to drive tllcm bncl;,
they met in o body and fought lmnd to l~nnd on 1~0thsides,
right I.l:~nil met right hand! and swords flxl~c~l against swc~rtls ;
sum sc!izctl Ilold of ouch othcr, ot,l~crs strucl; cnclt otl~~~.,-so~.~~~
werc driver1 back, and others fcll. Our ~ICII wc1.e few ill
numbers; the n~oltitude of tho Turks incrcnsecl const,antlY,
and by throwing Greek fire, they fol.ccd oor. llicn, n-ho roul~.l
not ~ithsti~lltl it, LO redire and desccntl from tllc towc?r ;soli~eof
" 9

tllc~n were l;illc(l by ll~c crlclny and afterwnrds burnt to nshcs
by this cleat~.~~ctivo contl:~gr:~,tion. TLWII tlle l'isans, either tllirst-.
ing for lmisc or rcvcngc, mounted tlic tower in full fo~w;
hat the Tu~ks i1g:lin attaclicd t11en1 like mad~ncn, :mtl
:dtl~ougl~the! ris:~ns ~nntle n bold resistnnce, they wcrc COINlsellcd
to rctirc and i~bmclo~l the tower. For tl~crc ncvcr
w:is scclr :~lly tllillq like that race of Tul.lts for el-licicn~,~ ill
war. The clq~ture of the city would, Ilowcvcr, 11:~x.e been
acco~~iplisllellOII tllnl clay, lid tile battle been fo~~gl~t wit.11
tl~c wl~ole co~ul.)ine(.l nrn~y, ant1 on n pru(lcnt pI;~n ; but tllc
prextcr part of tllc army mas at tliuncr nt tl~ctime, nnal
the attempt was a pres~in~ptuousone, :mcl tllcrt~furc did ~iot
succcctl.
CH. XV.-A commcnilulion ?f t7ic Tu.rlcs in the cily, IIJILO sent k!cul~c
autl Cio.ucuis in 11cspnir to ow ki~iqs, in ovtler lo obtain a requile trulil
they sl~uz~ld ~07hnill Sulnilin, but they relurtrerl frziillessly.
WIIATc:Ln we sny of this racc of unbclicvers vbo t1111u
defendcd thcir city ? They must be admired for tl~cir
\dour in war, and were the Ilonour of tl~cir whole uation ;
and I d they Luc~i of the right Ed], they would not hvc
l~acl their snperiors as nicn tl~rougllont tl~c world. Yct thcy
drencled our men, not without reason, for tllcy saw the cl~oicest
soldiers iron^ the r:~nks of a11 Christendom come to dcstroy
them ; their walls in part broken dowll, in part shattcrell, the
greater portion of thcir army mutilated, some ldlccl, nntl
olbers wca.licned by their wounds. There were still rcmainiilg
in the city 6,000 Turks, with ;\hdoc aud Caracois, their
chiefs, but they clespairecl of succour. They perccived tlmt
the Christian arniy was very lnncli d(:jccted at the dcntli
of AlOeric Cle~ncnts, and their sons :~nd Itillsrncn, who l~ntl
fallen in battle, and that tl~cy were dcternlined either to die
brnvely or gnin the nmstel.y over the Turks, and tllat thy
tllougl~ta n~idclle cour.qe tlishonournble. Ulltlcr tl~cso aircu~itstances,
by conllrtoll counsel and zsscl~t, thc bcsiegcd bcgpl a
trncc in oriler to inl'orin S:~.l:ulin of their codition, nnll to nsccrtain
how far 11e would afI'ord them sccurity nccortling to tllc
mauner of harbarons nations, by citl~er scncling thcn~ spccdy
. .
Lelp, or g~vlrlg thern lenve to depart from the city witli
honour. To obtain this object, two of the most noble of tllc
Saracens i~ud of I'a~al~isnl, Mestoc and Carwois, cam to

OW Ii ings with tlle proinise that if S:~larlin 3icl not send them
slmly 3.-siubncc, they woultl ,give up tl~e city, on tl~c conrlitiwr
61d all the bcsiegctl Turks f;l~ould be permitted to
dcp:~rt in frectlon~, with thcir ar~ns:LII(~ ~~oIJc'I.~,~,90 :II~
wllitl~crwcwr thy Ijkcd. An11 on the Icing of Frnt~cc nld
nearly all the French giving tlleir assent to blliv condition at
the conference, King lticl~~~rtl :~11,~0lutely rcf~~scr-l I~is,a11Jsaid,
it was not to be conscntcd to, tht after so long n.nd lnborious
n siege, thy sl~ould entel* n desertcd city only. On 11is pleasnre
being known, C;~r:~cuis n~td Ncstoc retunled to the city
without cll'ecting their olljcut. A1111 hlndin, when Ilc learnt
tl~clt n~nlxwndors lrad becu sent by the besieged, con~n~andcd.
tl~e~n to ~~ersevere and dcfcntl thcir city \vith n3 much coo~~c as tht wl~icl~ thy I d hitllorto sl~ewn, pron~isi~~g tL:~t most
nn~l)lc~SY~S~~IICC SIIIJUIII 5'0011 CDIIIO to ~IICIII witl~o~~t a doul~t;
I'or hc clccl:%rccl to the anlh:;e:lrlors w h wbitcd upw lli~u, tht
110 wonld ccrt~~inly ~mscve~.e, nntl wi IIC w:is csl~ccting n large
body of soltlicrs I'ron~ 13:hyIr)n, they wol~lcl soon co~w in ships
:LII~~g;dleys; for IIC II:L~ given ordcrs to iValcina to LC with
Ili~n, without f:~il, in eight days; a1111 if tl~cy did noL come
:wcorcling to ng~ccn~cnt,, he l~ron~isctl, wit11 an oath, to procure
for then1 ns I~onournble n pmce :LS IIC coulcl fr.o~n the
C'l~ristians, nntl the lil~erty to tlcpwt. 01111cari11,q tl~ese
tl~ings, tl~e an~busnclors retur~icd to ll~ecity, sud, rcpe:~tiug
tl~e t~r0111iscs of S;~l:t[lin, pc~,s~~:trIed L11e ~O\\.LISIIICII to I'CE~SL,
while they 1ool;ed forvwrd with nnricty for tl~c ~lronii~cd
msistnuce.
Cn. XV1.-How, alrilc o w men 7mrc cou~q~coushj nrsaulliny the eily,
some cflltc Turks in de,yuiv cscupcd ozd of it.
&leai.jwnr~e, the pctrwim of tl~c Cl~ristims ncvcr cen.scd,
day nntl night, to 8llnl;e the walls ; nnd a l ~ u thc ~ Turks ~ SLW
tl~is, they wcre m~ittcn with wc~~der, nstonisl~~nc~~t, terror,
ant1 confusion ; mcl many, yiclcling to thcir fcnrs. tl~rew
tl~e~~~sclvcs down fro111 the W:LIIS by night, and withont waiting
for the promi~ctl ai~l, very mny so~~gl~t, wit11 s~~pl~li~:~tions,
the sncrmncnt of I~n.lltisn~ 2nd Chistimity. Tllcrc was little
d.oul)t, aid wit11 good re:uou as to their merits, that they
presnnlptnously asl;e~.l t11e 1~0011 n~orc from the ~~rcssnreof
ugen t fcar than from :rnp clivinc iiispiln tiun ; Ll.11 tl~cre we
diCcrcnt stcps by wllicll u~cu arrive st sdvntion. It was I I ~ W

Crr. XVI1.-HOW llre bcsirpd entered into Ircalyluil/r rhc Clrrisliaw hLg
the advicc of Sulacliir.
Sn~~~nrw, pwivii~g tlie dmgcr of' delzy, at length clc~e~.minet1
to yield to the entsr:$tics of the I~csiegerl : hc wns,
murco\rc~., persunclncl by his arl~nirnls, 2nd satr:tps, a1111 l~is
iuiiucl~ti:~.l c~~wticrs, .wl~o hncl nlany Sricnds ant1 ki~lsliic~~
:~rnoqst thc busiegecl. The l:Ltter nllegccl also, that 11e w,zu
bouud to them by his promise uinde on the Maholnet:in Inw,
tht Ile woul~l procorc for them an houournblc cnpitnlntion
at the Inst nlo~ncnt, lest, percf~nncc, mndc prisoners at cliscrction,
they sl~ould be es.cnninnter1 or put to su igno~ni~~ious
de:~th, nid tl~us tlic law of Mnl~ornct, wl~ich I~nd Gecn strictly
oLscrvc~l by their nncestors, bc eEmd by iits dcpe~lclcncc on
him ; 2nd ~~ererthelesrt, vary much rrod~l be derogrntetl from his:
name and evcellence if the worsllil~ CFS of Mal~nrnet shoulil fidl
into the Il:tncls of the Christians. 1;. lhey also bc:,.qc(l to rcmi~d
Sal:lcli~l of tile hct, that they, a clloscn uce of Tu~ks, in
obcdicnco to his c;on~mn.nds, h:d Lccn conpctl up in the cit,y,
mid withstand a sicge for so lolrg n time ; they .ym&ilcci lrinl
too tlint they llnd not sccn their wives nud children for three
ycws, duri~~g mhicli poriod the siege II:L~ I:utcd ; ant1 1I1cy
said, it wo~~ltl Ire better to SUI~~CIILICI~ the city, tlio:~ tllnt pple
of suc11 merit sl~oulrl I)o destroyctl. The prir~ccs pcrs~~ading
tbe sultnn to this effcct., tllnt tlicir Iattcr condition might
not be wolac than tl~eir former one; ho ,usentcd to tl~eir
making pectcc on the best tcrnls tl~ey could, d.thy thew I I ~
n S~;L~CIIICII~ of \vh:it al~pcoretl to then, the inosb proper terms
of t~.c:~t,y. On the illesscngers hringillg bncl; the resolntion
of S:d:di~~ IIIIL~ his sntrnl)s, tl~c hesiegcd woro 611011 with p n t
joy ; nnd L~rthwitli, the principnl nlcn of the city went. to the
kinp, :mcl ttuougt~ their intcrpretcl-s, olTcrctl to s~~rrencler
nuco~~~lition;~.Ilycity ll~c of Acre, tl~c Clu>ss,and two I~unclred
and tiFty noble Cihristiau q)ti\.cs ; xntl whcu tllcy perceircd
this rlirl not satisfy tl~cm, 111cy ol'fcrcrl two ~IIOIIS;LII~noble
Chrid,iau captives, and five huntlroct nf infcrior snnlt, whom
Salncli~l would bring togctlter from all puts of Llis I;ingclnu;, if

they would let the T~urks dcpart from their city, with their
shirts only, lcnving bcl~ind them thcir srmsand property; and,
as a ransom for tl~emselve., they wonltl give t w hundrcd
thoasa~~dSnr:mnic talents. AS sewrity fw the performance
of thesc conditions, tlley offcrcd to deliver up, ss lioshgcs, dl
tho Inen of noblc or high rank in the city. After the two kings
ha1 considered with the miswt of the chiefs, tl~eopi~lion of 1111
was for accepting the offer, nncl consenting to the cond~tions;
that on tnlcing the oat11 for security, :rod subscribing tbc tenus
of pence, tl~oy might q ~ t the ~ i city, without cnrrying ady thing
with them, Laving first given LI~Jthe I~ostages.
CR. SVII1.-How, on yiuing hustnges for llrc delivmj of the Cross,
mo7rcy, anrl caplir~es roillria a month, the Turks mnrchcd out of
lhc cily and the C/r~-istianu evtwcrl it: and how tlce two ki~ysdivided
eoerg thing cpall?/ delweer~them.
Tlrus, on the I?riJ:~y dtcr the Tr3nsl:rtion of St. Bcnedict,
tllc ~)rincipl :~nd noblest of the admirals were given snd
rccci~ccl 3s bosta.ges, a,ncl the space of one n~ontll fixed for
the clclively of the Cross, and the collceting together of
the mptiveu. Aid when it was rurnourcd abroad that t.he
city was to be given up, the common pcoplc, in their
folly, were inflamed with fury, but tl~c wiser portion rejoicccl
nt pining so pwlitably, and without danger, what
tl~cy 11x1 beeu so long a, tinlo unable to obhin. Tl~en wlw
it proclain~ed and prollibitccl, by voico of hcrald, that any
one sliould molest the Turks by wonl or dccd, or provolx
tllen~ by abuse, or thnt l~~issiles slrodd any longer bo
cut for the destruction of the walls or of thc Turks who might
be scen on the battlements. And when tile day came that
the Turks, so renowned for their courage and valour, most
active in the exercise of war, and fanlous for their mqnificence,
appcnrcd on the wdls rendy to lcave the city, thc Cl~risti;rns
went fort11 to look nt tl~eul, nncl n7erc struck with admirntion
when they remcmbcrcd tl~e deeds they had done. They
were also :~stonislletl at tlrc clleerful counte,n;~nces of tllose who
wcrc thus drivcn ~l~nost peuniless from their city,-their de-
~r~cnnour uncl~mged by iulversity; and those who but now
hat1 bccn compelled by extrcu~c necessity to own themsclvcs
conquerctl, anrl bctnlx tl~emsclves to supplication, bow no
mar!= cf cam, 2s they came forth, nor any signs of dejection

at tho loss of all thy possessed-not avnn in the fir~nness
of their co~~ntc~lnl~ccs, for tl~oy secincd to be couc1uc:row by
their cour:Lgcous bewing; but the forni of s~~per.stitiol~s
idolatry, and the misemblc error of sillf~rl~~cw, tbrcw n stain
upon their wnrlilie gloric.3. At Inst, m11c11 all the 'rurl;s hntl
departed, tlic Cl~ristinns, with tlre two Icing3 st tlleir l~c:~.d,
entered tho cily without opposition, tIrr011g11 the open gntcs,
with d.mces, and joy, 2nd loud vociferatioils, glorifjliq God,
and giving Him tl1;~111;~, becnuse He llnd magnified 1-1;s nmy
to them, and llnd visi~cd L~ICIII,and redecmcd His peoplc.
Then the banners, and various st~ndardu of tlx two kings,
wcre raised on the wdls and towers, and tho city IVZR eqr~:rlly
divided between them. Tl~ey also made a p~.oportionnte di7.ision
of the arms nncl provisions thcy found ; ant1 tlm whole
number of cq~tires, being reckoned, was dividell hy lot. The
noble Cnmcoie, ant1 s large ~~u~nbcr, fell to the lot of tlie king
of lhnce ; :~ndKing 12icl1nrd had for his portion nlcstoc
and the renlainrler. Moreowr, the 1;ilrg of Francc 11x1 for
his slisre tlie nolrle pnlacc of LIE 'l'smplnrs, with all its nppnrknanccs;
and King Richnrd h:ul tlic royal p:~lncc, to which
ha sent the queens, with their dnmsels nncl hnnrllnnicls ; thus
each obtained Iris portion in peace. The army was diut.ril)~~ted
thruuplt Llle cit,~, 2nd after the protmcted conkst of so long
sicge, gn~~l~emselvcs indulgrmcc, :t.nd refr.eslred ll~c~~lsclvev
witli the rest thcy needcct. l'hc niglrt following ollr crltn~~~ce,
Ssl~lin, through fear of us, rctircd from tho phcc in mllich
11e was posted, and occupicd o most dishnt inoantnin.
CH. XIX-HOW vilely and slrnrnflulhy 6710 Turks, ohm in possession of
ULPeily, hail lrealed our sncrcd thp.
Fnoiv tbe d:xy on wbich the Ssrncens first got possession
of the city of Acre, to t11:l.t on whicli it was restorcd,
was a, space of four years. It was restorcd, as 11n.s becn said,
on thc n~orrom of St. Ueneclict. Tlic ek~te of the churches
within the city wzs not beheld witlrout horror, ard it is not
without grief thnt we rclate the ~~nscenily things tlrd had been
perpctmted mitl~in them. Fur who could hchobl, withmt tars,
the countenances of the huly imn;gcs of the crucifisiou of the
Son of God, an11 of many mint% dcfilec~ or disfig~i~wl in one
mayor another? Who mould not sl~u~l(l~!r at thc ho~.ril~lc sight of
altars overtl~rown, aud crucifixes w t to the emth, and beaten

Cn. YX.-Of ihe pcnrrel b~lmen171r. I~r'r, 4:.ilr!,s on acconnt of lhe
Murpis a d fiirly G'119, and nJ' IILVIV1.r:cn~rr~ilinlio7~.
AIJTERthis a gcnt disconl :l.ro,qe lwt.rveen tLc two
kings, on account of the aforec:l.ill III:LI~II~,-whom the iiing
of Fmnce fnvouretl, and lo w1io111 111s 11:1.t1 tldwnnincd to ,~;ive
his sl~mc of all that fcll to hip 1~81., ~)ri.v~~i!. or. future, in tho
Holy Lsnrl. Brit King Ricl~a~d, who con~pnssionn.te~l the
distress of King Gny, wo111d not consent to this grant, for
lie thongl~t that all and every thing bclongcd to Chy. 011 tl~is
point tl~e kings were at vnriance lor some time; until, I)y the
mediation of the chiefs and leadcrs of tllc people, they were
raconciled, on the condition tllnt, as the n~n.rqnis was 11ci1hy
nwr1.in.g~ to the throne, I I ~sl~oidrl have the governlne~~t of
Tyre, i.e. Tyre, Sillon, and Earnth, wit.11 tho title of co~~nl, as
3 recompense for the ;~ssistnnce 11c I d givc~l during tl~c sicqc,
aud tl~nt C:oJfrey of Luhignan shoul~l he conat of Jupy:~, ,i.~.
Joppa and Asl;nlon, ns s mmmpcnw for his services, bci11g
brother to King Guy. And if King Guy dic~l first, k11c
marquis should receive his crowu, nlt11011,~Ir he llnd nlmriecl
in so un1:~wful a manner thc l~circss tm the tl~ro~~e, ns we h:~vo
Lcfo~~ said ;~ It It ht if tl~o mnrcjnis mrl l~is wife slroulcl l~appen
to die wl~ilc King Ricllard was in those pnrt.s, it siloold be
left to him to tliepose of the lril~gclon~ at his plensrire. On theso
conditions, the tlisputaiits mere orie and all pacificcl.
CH. XX1.-How, cfh- lhc cily loas reslorcd, dlrc king of Frmce,
amidst the ruontlw, rlrsup~)rooal,nnil esco~nlio7zs of all, prepared lo
rei7~1-nhome.
Ar~.ir~ts bcing in this position, at the end of the month of
July, within w-llich the Tltrlis 11;~tl pr,on~i.eJ to rcstol.c tlic Iloly
c~,o.~a, and receive back their I~trst:igc.;, n rlllnolir sprcacl n~n~lngst
the nrlny, that tlle king of Fiance, on wirorn tl~e Irope irf tho
people rested, intentled to rcturn home, and wxa rnakin~active
preparations for his joorney. 011IIO\V wicltctl and !low insul ting
a procccdiog, wldc :~s yct so niucli work rcmained on 1131rtl, t.o

wish to go nwsy, \\8i~~%s! his 8illLy was to rule so l a p a, multi­
tutle of people, .rncl \i.llcr~ his presence was so 1lccessal:y to
enc(,urve tllc Christio.i.:i to ~ 4 , pious D worl

CR. XXI1.-Hmu the Xing of fiance Huorp to &-in!/ Illchard that he
r-odd ~bsem~e pcaw loruardv his nd,jpc/s ccnd his fen-ilories rinlil thr
lalcer reelwned home.
KINGRICIMRDwas of opinion that the king of P1.ancc SIIOIII~
enter into a cvvcntmt for the preservation of tllcir rnuto:il security
; for tl~ey, like their fathers, regadecl tach othr with
n~istr:~st, under the veil of frienclul~ip, wllicl~ even in the
fullowing gcnerntion novcr eupellnt.1 fear. I

220 ITINERARY OF RTCIIARD I. [n. IV. cc. I-.
BOOK IV.
@ H. I.-Z~IUICillg Richavd Bmto~csJ/Y$S ott hi$ soldiers, and repa?
Ihr zuallu o frlc~c.
XINGRICIIAIID, tl~crefore, perceiving thnt the conuuwn
tion of the bl~sil~cw nntl tbo progress of ilfli~irs, togcthcr wi
tl~rhbonr and espcllsc, c-levolvccl npon him chiefly, IIL:II~C Inn
an~ple Inrgesscs of gold :rnd silver to the Pre11cl1 nud to all tl
others of every l~ation, by ~~~enns of wldl thy nliyl~t nLu~
dantly recruit tl~ernselves an.d redeem w1i:~t thy I~nd put
pledge. On the Iriug of Fmnco returning home with llastc
,zforesaitl, King Ric11:~rcl tl~rned his attention to thc rcyair
the walls to a greatcr Ileigl~t and perfectio~l tl~nn befo
they werc thrown down ; nrrd Ile Ilin~?clf walked nlmut, e:
llorting the worlanen snd masons, 3s if 11;s WIIOIG intenti(
way to strive for the rccovcry of God's in.l~crit:~nce.
C 1.1. 11.-How Soladin siood flat lo Aic covenaratfor rcslot-in.y ow Tmr
cross, mtl payi~ry Ihe no:rq; and neglected Iris men, who rumc k
tages.
HE tl~crcfol-e awaited llic term which llxd been n,gm
upon bct\;ccu tl~cTurls xnd IlimseIf ns nfortssirl, xnrl tr~rnc
his ottenliorl to tl~e packiug up of thc petrarim and ma]
gonels for tra~lsirol.tntiol~. For wlm the time had expin
wliich hid lrccrl lid by the Turks for the restorntion of tl
cross and tl~o r:Lnsom of the hostzgm, :~fter waiting tlir
wecks, nccortling to the conditious, to see if Enladin wou
staud to his morll :~nd covell:mt, the I

ss1;cd r~~rtl~cr tin~c to fulfil their promise and make se:xrch for
tile cross. Tlwu you migl~t 11e:tr tl~c Cl~ristinns inquiring
for ncws, and w11c:n thc cro~wm coming? bnt God was
unwilling that it should bc rcstorecl for tl~osc by rvbo~n it was
promised, but prcferrcd rather t11:~t they sl~ould perid. One
would esclai~n," Tho cmss is cotuii~g!'' anotl~cr, that Ile
l d sccii it in the Saraccn army ; but endl spc:d;er wiw
deceived, for Salndin hncl not tnken any stcps to restore
the cross ; nay? 11e ~~eglccted tho I~ostngcs who were
bonnd for it, for Ile I~oped, by menns of it, to obtain
much nore at1vsnt:~,yconsterms. Menltwlrile, IIC sml. constant
present3 :~ndniesscllgcrs to Kii~g 1ticl1:~rd to piu 11ul:~yby
artful and deceptive words, thor~gli 11e fallilled none of l~is pron~iscs,
but tried to lcrcp tlle king'a n~il~cl in snspcuso by crdty
alld atnbiguuns messages.
IN tl~e~~renntirnerimsaga were scnt to Tyre to cornm:rud
tho m;uquiu to returt~ to tllc army, and briy wit11 him
tho hosti~gcs wLiich 11~1been conlniittctl to l~is cbargc, in
order to get tl~e ransoln for tIlcm,-viz., tho sl~nra of tho
payment whicl~ I)elongctl to tl~c king of lhnce. Will1 the
Inessnge were sent tlm bishop of Salisbury, End Robcrt, and
Peter tle Pra,tellis, n very cnli~lc~~t soldier. TO tl~me tl~ree
messengers thc ~narquis msn-cld i~digniwtly, tlint 11e dared
not venture into King Ricllnrd's prescncc : nloreover, 11e
bomtccl tht if the true cros WIG evcr r~co~crcd, he was to
receivo the half of it for the king of France ; 2nd tl~at until
this was ~sccon~plisl~ccl he would not rcsign the I~ostt~es.
On asccrhiniug tlrc olrsi511:~tc dctcr~~tinatio~~ of tl~c marclois, the
messengers tried to prcv:d U ~ I Iliul I witb soil spceal~es, otl'ering
to leavo one of tlieiriselvcs as an Ilostngc to secu1.c his safe
journey to and from King Richard ;but they ctld not succced
in persuading him,-ti:~.y, he rcl'usetl with nu oath to colnc.
They tl~ereforc returned unsricccssful and empty-l~andcd, nod
excited the king's anger by tclling hin~ the ml~ole n~ztter.
At his request the duke of Burgundy, hog0 d'l'l~niens,
and Robert de Quincey, were sent on a 8~0llden~L;l.ssy to
request the s:dd marquis to come wit11 tllent to the :brmy,

aa his prcscnce seemed ncccssary to the progress of tl~e bnsincsu,
csl~xidly:LS be ZS~~J-ed to the kingdom, the acquisition
of rnl~icl~ 11e W:LS preventing ; and that he should grn~lt tl~ose
.tvllo were bringing provisions free pasmge from Tyro, [Or
(n~cordin~ to his for~lior c:o~~rluct) he had hitherto llillderetl
them; a&l on their arrival at 'lyre, they set forth their z~:bl
in bel~rrlf of Icing Ricl~nrtl, and 11rpd liilu to come to tlreir
aid ill Syria, the rlominio~~ of which h6 =pired to obtain.
But he replied arropntly, protesting that he woulcl not
come, but would maiutain Llre govern~iiellt of his own city.
7Vhen thy answered each of his assertions, by contmry arg11-.
me~~ts, the rnattcr mas witli difliculty brought to this point,-that
tl~c nlcssengers sl~or~lcl hire back wit11 ~IICIII the Si~mcen
houhp to King 1Zichnrcl; bot thcy coulcl, Ly no method
or persuasion, prevail on the marquis to turn from his o1)atinnto
and wicked intentions.
Ca. 1V.-How the hostages of Saladin wme slain by our moz.
WLIENit became clearly evident to Kin: Ricl~ard that n,
long~r period I~ad elapsed than had been fixed, aud that S:L~Rdin
wzs obdumte, and would not give himself trouble to nnaom
the I~ostnges, he c:dled together a council of the chicfs of
the people, by whom it maa resolved that the host,'~gcs shoul(1
:dl lo Ilangccl, except a few nobles of the higher class, who
might rsnsonl themselves, 01. bo esc11:~ngcd for sonre Cllristinu
cn.ptives. King Richnrd, napiring to destroy the Turlts root
and Lmnch, :~nd to purlis11 their wanton nrrognnce, as wcII :LR
to nbolish the law of Jlahot~let,and to vindicate the C11ristian
religioil, on the Friday after the Assulr~~tionof tilo
Ble?sed Virgin Nary, orclcred 2,700 of the l'ld

A.T). LIYI.J THE PIWNCX LVAVE ACRE. 223
pcusee of all good things--in order that they should proceed
to ilsl

Turks were mdring constnnt irruptions, nncl all day cort.riny;.
up ;ultl rtl~hing or~t on tl~cin un:rwarcs, xnJ it was tile
casto~n to be the first to go rorth to >ttaclr and punish ti.len~,
Gu. 3s the divine favoru. would :dlow him
IT Iqrl)ened one clay tht our cnmp was put into commotion
by the Turks, who wcrc attncking 011s mn, as was tl~cir
custom, and nd

tl~eywill pursue yon; if you att:lclr them, they will fly awa.y:
so whcn the king put them to flight, they fled willlout sto1)lii11g;
when he was dispbsed to rcturn, they tl~rcatcncd from
the rear, sometimes not with impunity, and sorueti~~ies to the
injury of our men.
CH. 1X.-Hviu OUT army, being abnniloned to pdcasures, could scarccly
Beforced lo quit 1Ac cily and cross tho river of Acrc, whilc the Turks
iqfesled tlwm on all sides.
KINGRICIIARDwas re.sting in his tents, wniting for the
army to come ont of the city, but thy came out slowly nnd
peevishly, as if they did it against their will ; and the numbers
of the army did not increase, but the city wm crowded
with an immense nlultitde. Thc whole army, including thoso
who were yet iu the city, IVZS colnputed at 300,000 men.
The people were too m~~ch givcu up to sloth ancl lux~~r.~,
for tile city wns filled wit11 ple:~.sures, viz.-the cl~oiccst
wincs and fiaircst damsels, and the men bccnnlc dissolute by
intlulging in tl~em; so that the city ~ n sdefiled by the
lu?cljry of tile sons of folly and tlie gluttony of its inl~nhitants,
wllo lnnde miser faces blusl~ at lhir sllnmele~sncsu ;
and, in order to blot out this contamination, it mas: orclained
by the council that no woman should quit the city or go with
tbe army, except the wmherwornon, on foot, who would not be
a burthen to them, nor an occssio~~ for sin. Tllcrcfore, on t.lle
morning of the aforcmentioried day, the soldicrs armed themselves,
and were nrr;~nge.ecl in becolning order. Tl~eIcing was
in the rear of tlie army to cl~eck the Turks, who tl~reaten~d
annoyance; but the duty was a slight one. Prom tl~c time tllnt
impious race snw ow :n.niy in ]notion, thy pourcd down from
the mountains in scnttered bnntls, like rushing waters, and
dispersed thelnxlves iu n~~r~rbcrs of twenty or tllirty, to
find out the bcst o1)portunit.y of lislmsiug 11s. For tlley
wcw crceedingly grieved at the deaths of their parents auri
kinsmen, wllose slaughtered bodies they saw strewn al,oat 2s
.afnreanid :' and thy tl~erefore ~~rossed upon our arrlly conti-
nuously, and har.wscd it as n~uul~ :LS they could. But, wit], 1.11~
nssishnce of the Divine G~xce, the Turks succeeclcd not as
they wished; fur our army passed over the river of Ac1.e !Inhurt,
and qain pitched their tents on the otller side the str~;1,111
until on Friday) being the vigil of St. Bartl~olomem, tht:y wero
.

22G ITINERARY OF RICIIARD 1. [u. IV. C. 10.
all asseinbled together ; and on the following Monday, two
ycnrs h:ul elnlmd since the Cl~ristians tirst laid &go to
Acre.
CH. X.-How oour army, dq?arlinyfrom Il~c ciiyin Battle nwng, Boldly
ropu1.d Ute Turk.r, who allackcd limn inforce: the sla~rdauLiy Bere
described.
ON the morrow, therefore, of St. ~artlloloiuew, being
SLIII(~:LY, the army was cl~xwn up, enrly in the morning,
to aclrnnce nloug the sen-coast, in the namc of tlie Lord.
011 ! wliat tine soldiers they werc! You might the see a
chosen company of virtuous and brave youth, whose equds it
would l~ave been ditticult to meet with, bright armour and
pennuns, with their glittering emblazonry; bsn~~ers of various
forius ; lanccs, wit11 gleaming poilits; shining helmets, and
coats of mail : nn army well regulntcl-l in the mmp, and terrible
to the foe ! King Richard conmanded the van, aud kept
tho foremost gnu-d. The Xorrnans clefeutled the ~tnndad, ml~ich
we do not. consider it irrelevant here to tiescribe. It was
formed of a long bcnm, like the mast of n, ship ;made of most
solid ceiled work, on four wlicels; put together with joints,
bound with iron, and to all appenrance no sword or -could
cut, or lire iii,jnre it. A clloscn body of solclicrs were gcne-
1d1y appointecl to guard it, especially in a combat on the
plain:;, lest, by any host,ile attack, it sl~onld be broken 01
tl~romn clown ;for if it fell by any accident, the army would
be. dispersed nnd put into confusion. For thy are dism:~yed
when it Jnes not, nppe:w, ant1 tl~ink that tlleir gencrnl must be
overcome by faintl~cnrtedness wlten they do not scc his
standard flying; for no people have strengtli to rcsist the
enemy if their cllief is in alarni from the fall of his standard
; but whilst it rcmnins crect they lrnve a certzin refuge.
Near it tlie weak are strcngtl~ened; the wountled soldiulq
even those of mnlr nld celel~rity, who fall in tlie bnttlo, nre
carried to it, and it is called " Stnndnld," horn its st:~~.~diiig a
most compnct signal to the army. It is very properly LI~.:L~~II
on whcels, for it is ulvsnccd wlten the encmy yields, and
drawn Lnck if they press ou, :~ccortlingto the statc of the
battle. II wx surrounded by the Nonmns and English.
The clulte of Bu~~gunily and the French brougl~t up the
rear, and Ly their tnrtly nloven~euts aud long delay incurred

severs loss. The army marcl~etl along the sen-shore, which
mna on its right, and the Turks mstcllccl its n~overnents
from thc I~rights on the left. On a sudden tlrc clo~ids grew
dark, and tlie sky was troubled, when the nrjny :wived at sorno
niwrow rods iqmssnble for tlie provision-w:~,rryms ; here,
owhg Lo the nnrrowness of the wn~y,the order of ~nnrch wns
thrown into confnsion, and thcy advanced in csten~led liue,
and witl~out discipline. The Samcens, obse,rving tlriu, poured
clam sullllcnly on the pack-horses aud loatled wnggons, slew
both horses :mcl men in n mou~cnt,axid ylunclercd n great den1
of tl~c L:i.r~:.ngc, boldly clrnrginq mid dispe~siug ho&e who
opp~ficdtl~c~u xi fxr as tlie sc:~-sl~orc. Tlmr hre touk plnce
a, fierce and obstinate conflict : ex11 foii:ht for lris life. Here
n Turk cut off the right hnnd of Evemrcl, one of the bishop
of &disbu~,y's men, as he I~cld his sword; the man, without
chsnging connt.c~~:mce in tho Icast, with his left 11and boltlly
took the sword, nnd closing wit11 the Turks, who were pwssing
on him, dcfcudcll hinreelf courngeously from tlioni dl. US.tl~iu
time the 1c-u wns put into grcat confusion, nnd J oh Fitr-Luke,
:J:~rmcrl:r!. tllis III~S~I:~.?,put spurs to his horse, nnd ment to tell
Kina Ilicl~d, wbo was ignorant of w11a.t I d taken place. On
henr~~~g it, Ire rode at full gnllop to their nssiehnce,cuttir~g down
the T~~rks, rigl~t nr~d loft, lilie Ijglltninfi, with his sword. And
quickly, as of yore t,he Philistines Red from RInccnlens~ so mele
tlre Turks now roi~ted, and so did they fly from the fncc of
King R,icl~:wd, 2nd mslx for tho ~ no~~nhi~~s; but some of them
1wnai11ec1;m~u~rpt us, 11avi11g lost their beads. Prl that conflict
one of the Vrer~cll, Willisni tlc Ba~tis, who l~acl l~ecn at
vnriance will1 ICing Rictnrd from so~~o old grudge, by his
estrzorcliiis~.,y ~ ood conduct was reconciled nud restorcd to
the king's ~ O ~ I Ifa~~ur. I C ~ The s~~ltan was not far oBwitb
the wl~ole strength of lris army, bnt owing to the aforcssitl
repulse, tbc TIIJ:~;~, rlespairing of success, rcfmined fron~ ntt:lclcing
our men my more. but watcl~ctl tllenl from tlie I~ei$~t,s.
Our troops, beiy rostorerl to order, proceeded on tl~eir ~nnrch
,w far n rivcr which they by cllnnce met with, 31111 cisterns,
the esccllwce JL' wlrich bciq mcert:~inecl, t-hey pitelled their
tents, 311d rested tbcrc ou :t,sl.ttrcious pl:~i~~, wliore t*l~~!y Lncl seen
that Wadin hnd fixed his cm~p before, and thy ju~lgctl tllot
he Il:~tl 3 wry 1:~rge army by the extent of the trodden
ground. 011tl~c first day tthcre om army fared tl~us, aud by

22s ITINERARY OF RICHARD I. [u. IV. CC. 11-12.
God's provitlence they .mew warned to be more cautions, aft~r having ccspcl~icr~cc~l llow muck loss they rnigl~t escape is properly
on tl~eir g~r:trcl anotl~cr tirile.
Crl. X1.-Hwu~ nu? army arrived at Cayphas from Ihe ~iuwof Awe.
S

A.D. 1191.1 OUR PEOPLE STUNG BY THE TARRENTES. 229
procccdcd on tl~eir ~narcl~ to the hw~sc cnllecl :'of the narrow
wnys," b(~cn.use tl~c road t,hcrc becon~es narrow ; tlrere thcy
h:~lt('d nnd pitclred t,l~eir tents. It nros the cnstom ol' lhe nrmy
each ni,$t before lying down to rest, to 11cp11te some one to
slmd in ll~c mirlrlle of the camp, 2nd cry out with n loud
-\.oice, " I-Iclp ! 11clp! for tl~c holy sepulcllro !" l'l~o rest of
the army took it 1111, aid repcatetl the mo~tls; and sti~etcl~ing
t,lleir har~cls to lrcnvcn, amid a profusion of tears, pmyed for
tho mercy ant1 nssistnnco of Go11 in tl~o cause. Then thc
I~cr.nl(l lli1l14f repentetl the words in n loud voicc, " Help !
Ilcl~)! fol the holy sepulchre !" and cvery one rcpen.tc-d it aftcr
him a. second time, nnd so lilrewise n third tin]?, with contrition
of heart and abuntlaot wcepi~rg. For who would not
wccp at such a n~oment, whcn the vcry nicntion of its I~nvin;;
lcc~ldone wtrnlcl estr:zct tears from the nuditors? Tlrc :11,1iry
:~~~ICWCII to bc rnucl~ ref~.c~[Ic~l by cryiug out. in this fxliion.
CA.SI1I.-How the tarmle.?aflicled o w people with Ih&
vnomous slings.
Ali: encl~ night came round, o, sort of reptile attacked us,
cornrnor~ly cnllecl tnwcntcs, which creep on the groun~l, and
I~nvc n~ost venonlons stings. As the dny coincs on, they nre
i~wnrless; but on the n.pyroac11 of night, they used tlrchir
stings most pertinaciously, and those they stnn~ were instnntly
swellccl with tlie venom, and tortured wit11 pnm. The inore
noble and nmlthy of those who worn attncltetl applied thcriacnl
ointment on the stings, and the antidote proved eflicncious
to remove the pain. At I:Ls~, the nlore obcrvant, pcrceiving
thnt the reptiles nrcrc frightened nwny by loud sounds,
~.nised3 great noise st their approach by Lentio,~ and clllshing
tllcir helmets and slklds together ; also by beating ngninst
their sents, polcs, cdts, flngous, basins, plnttrrs, cnldrons,
nncl w11:ltcvcr Irouselrold nwe they collld lay 11nnds on to
mdic a soticient sonlrd ; and by these sounds they drove awzy
the repti!cs. The army rcninined two days nt the nlmvcurentionccl
stntinn, wllere tl~ere was plenty of room for their camp,
2nd waited tlwe unlil the ships arrivcd which they werc
.:specting; nmnely, Ilwp n.nd &lleys, lndcn with provisions,
of n'lrioh they wcrc in 11eed ; for these vcssels were ,ca,ili~~g
in connection with tl~e arlny along thc sllore, 2nd cnrricll tlleir
provisions on board.

230 ITINERARY OF ILICIIARD I. [ti. T'i. C. 14.
(:n. X1V.-I-Zow o wmen mn~ctldjhm the horse oj the nnrrozv loop
lo lllrrla, and f/dmcc lo l%saveu and fhe Dead Rivm.. The TtWkr,
atlackhq Ihmn, were tlrl/balctb.
T1.112 :LI.IIIY ~~V~ILCCI[, using all precnutiol-I :~;:krnst the
Tttrlis, who kcpt 011 thcir fla~tk,to n town cdlci.l Ailerl:\
~l~cre 1110 Itiug had spent one of the previous nights : tllere
IIC I d tlt:tcrnliirccl tlrrlk IW would Ic~rl tho van li~llsclf the next
day, on nccoont of tl~c obsl:~clcs in thc way, and becnuse tho
Tcu~pl:uu kept gunrd in the rear; for tl~c Turks coutiunally
thrcntencd the111 in a body on the H:~nk. OU tht day the
kiug, 1)uttillg sl~urs to his Ilorsc, c11nrgc:d then1 furioasly, and
would lr~ve rc:~ped gmnt glory, I~nrl it not becn ror CIIC L:~cliwnrilncha
of some, wl~icl~ rekrrtled his success ; for, wheu King
R~c;II;L~J ~II~SII~J the Turks to a di.iit:~nce, sonw of his nicu
sud~lculy Ilnlted, for whicl~ thy were rebulml in the cvening.
If the liing's co~npanions 11:dfolluwccl i ~p their pursuit of the
Turks, tl113y would Inve gaiueil a splcntlicl victory; for tl~c king
chow ;dl bafo~c him The army liacl n very tlifficnlt nlnrcl~
dong tlic sen.-shore on xco~~nt of Llle ,nrc;~t hc:~t ; tor il wjls
suuinler time, aid they marched a long thy's journcy. Marly
of tl~em, ovurconle by the fatigue of the m:wch, dropped down
dead, and wore buried whero they died; but tllc king, from
compa.Gon, caused many to be trnusportcd ill pdleys aurl
ships, whet1 they were overcome by tho fat.ipo of hhc r~tarcl~
or sickness, or any other cause, to their rlcstinntion. The
srniy, after accomplislling its ~nrch wit11 nlnch di%cnlt,y,
arrived that day nt Czmrca. The Turli~ 1r:~cl becn t h e
before tlrcm, and broken clown p:~vLof the towers mcl walls,
and destroyed tlre city as much ns possible; L11t on tho
appronch of our army they Red. Thcrc tho army pitched
tllcir tents, and passed the night by the silk of a rivcr close
to the city, cdled the river of Urocodilcs, 1,oc~use the crocodiles
ooce d~voul-ed two soldiers nhilc bathing thcrcin. TItc circuit
of the city of Czsnra is very gre~t, and the b~riltlingo nro
of wonilcrfl~l morl~n~n~rslrip. our Saviour wit11 his disciples
often visitrd it, and worlced miracles there. It was 11cw thc
1;ing I I : ~c1l;~rgetl his sl~ips to mcet thc nrmy. Mt:nl~while .
tl~e king co~~scil it to be p~.oclnimccl by -voice of hel:i.ltl in tl~o
city oF Acw, t1i:at those wlro 11:~cl re~nainctl behind from slothfulness
sl~nulcl cunbark on bomd the ships which hc lml sent,
n d co~uc to the anny, for the lovc of God, and to promoto

. ,
A.D. 1191 .] TIIE ARMY CONTINUES ITS MARCII.
231
tl~csumss of the Christian cause, and to perform their vow
of pilgri~n:~gemore fully. 11,obedience to his ~nandatc,
many c:me to Cassrea with tl~c ileet, which wns a111ply lade11
with provisions ; and lie arranged that the ships sllo~~lcl advance
finorn that place in attenclnncs on the arniy. A lago
nullher of ships here came togetller, and den the king 11ad
divided the army iuto squndrons, they set out one day shut uine
dock, nt a s1.o~ pace, on occount of' tho T~rlis, who continually
hsrassed them when they left their shtio~~s, and,
aon~ir~g up to tllenl ns close as they darcd, causecl tl~eiii
all the molestation and annoyance in their poarcr. They
troubled us more tlinn usual on this day, but by the help of
God wc escaped unhurt, having cut off the head of one of
their ad~uirals, a mau of thc greatest courage, and reuowncd
for bis valour : he wns said to 1i:~ve such strength that no
onc con111 t,hrow him fro111 his horse, or even dare to attack
bin] ; snd he mrriccl :I lance lieavier than two of ours, to
wllich Ilo gave tl~e name of &as estoy. The T~rlis mere
overconic with grief and lan~entation st his fall, so that they
cut 08their horscs' tails, and, 11aC1 they been pemittcd, would
have carried off the corpse of their chief. Aftcr Llid the army
arrived at n river callccl tho Dcncl Rivcr, which the Saracens
11sd previously couercd ovcs, in ordcr tll:rt, not being seen,
our men wigLt endsnger tljcir iives by falling int.0 it; but by
the provitlcnce of God lliey were pwserved from clangcr, ad,
tho river having been uncoverccl, our Inen dradi Illereof, nud
passed the night there.
CH. XV.-HOW on pitting the Dead .River, our army, before they
arrived at lhc S'nll Rivcr, wem much Irarassed 67~ the TIwks, wh slew
many oJ'our men and horses.
ONthe third day thc nriny advnnced slowly from the Dend
Rivcr, through o COIIII~I~ of a most desolnte character: and
dcstitutc of every thing ; for they were compelled to lzlnrch
through a mountxinous country, because they were unable to
go by tho sea-side, which W:LS choked up by tho luxnriant
growth of the grass ; and the arniy on its march kepi itself
in closcr con~p:~nies than usnnl. The Ten~plarv on that day
hntl cllalge of the rear, and they lost so niany I~orses by tho
i~tt~di~ of the Turks thnt they were nln~out retluccd to ~lespnir.
The connt of St. Paul also lost mwy Lorses ; for he Li~nself

232 ITINERARY OF ILICTIARD I. [D. I\'. C. 1c.
opposed tho Turks with great vdour, when they attacked and
made incursinus against us ; so that by his exertions the rest
got ofI' in wfety, and thus he c:~rnecl the thanks a1111 f:~voar
of tho wl~ole army. 011 that day tllc king ww ~woundctl in
tl~c side by a dart while he mas driving the Turls; but tl~is
sliglit hurt only illcited 11im to attack tl~enl more vehc~nently;
for the sn~arling of the wound 1nn1Ie him more C ~ ~ C I "
for \TU­
ge:rncc, and during the whole of the di~ylle fo11g11t aeninst
tlml and drove t,llern back. The Tnrks, on the ilthcr Ilnnd,
obstindely annoyed our men, and, Irceping by the sir1.c of our
army, diJ them dl the injury they coulcl, by tlnowiug dnrts
and ~ITOWS, which flew like hail. Aim! Low III:LIIY IIO~SCS
fell tmnsfisecl with darts ! how mnny did nl'terwards of' tl~o
wounds wl~icl~ they received ! l'llcre w,assucl~n, stream of clarts
ard arrows, that you could not find follr fect of ~ronnJ, dcra
the srn~y passed, free from them. This terrible tempest COII..
tinned all day, until at night-fhll the Turks rcturncd to their
tents and dwellings. Our people also stopped new wht wns
cnlled the 8dt River, and ynsvetl tlre night tliere : tlley
arrived there on the Tuesday after the fcstiv:tl of St,. Cfilcs,
and tarried there two days. Kerc there was a gre:~t tl~rong
on account of the horses who died from their n.o~~ucls ; for tho
people were so eager to purcl,asc thc horse-flesh, tlint they
wen 114recourse to bluws. The Iring. on hearing this, proc1:limed
by l~ersld tllat be would give :I live horse to whoever
would distribute llis dead one to the best men in his scrvico
who needed it; and thus they ate horsc-flesh as if it wns
venison, and they reckoned it most savormy, for hunger scrved
in the place of scnsoning.
CH. XITI.-fiw our army marcficdfiorn tho Sall Rrwr, through the
fur& of Autur, in safety, to llra liver Rochclailic.
ON the third dny, about nine o'clock, our army mn~chc~l
in battle array from the Salt River; f01. thcrc w7;uii rotnour
that the TnrJts were lying in ambus11 for them in the forcst
of Assur, and that they intended to set thc wood OII fire to
prevent our troops from crossing it. But our men, atlvnncinq
in order, pnwd the place where thc amboscacle was said to bo,
unmolested; and on quitting Lllc wood, thy cnlne to a large
plain th~t 1'nu along it, and there they pitcl~cd thir tc~rts, near
the river col~unonly cn.llcd Rochctzilie. Bare tl~cy sent spics to
I
3

aconnoitrc, mbo bronght back news that the Turks were
awaiting their approncli in cou~ltlcss numbers; for tl~cir mu]titu~lcs
covered the wlwle face of the earl11 nround, rind wCrC
esti~n:ltctl at 300,000 men, mliile tlie Cl~ristisus were only
100,000 strong. The Cliristinn army nrrivccl at the river
Roollcbailic on the Th~~rstl;~~ beforc tl~c Nativity of tho
Ilcsed Virgiu I\lnry, ,znd tarried there until the morrow.
CII. XVI1.-Iho our army, on arhancin,q from the river Rochdailie
torcards Aaaur, prepared Jw 6allfe wilh the Turks, whom Lhcy had
unwed lo attack on that day u>U'ith all tlrrir ntight.
ON tho Saturday, the eve of thc Nativity of tl!c blessed
Virgin Mnry, at exliest clnmn, our Inen armed themselves
with great care to receive the Tlnlrs, wl~o wcre known to
linvc p~.eccdcd tl~eir n~nrch, i d whose iusoleuce nothing but
a Imttlc coulcl check. The cuc~tiy 11x1rnngcd tlicmselvcs in
ortlcr, clr:~win~ grntl~ially ncnrer a.ncl newer; and our men
also took Llie utmost cnre to place themselves in ns good
orclcr as possible. King Ricliarcl, who \vx most exlrcriencecl
in military nfbirs, nrr:mgetl the nrmy in sql~nd~*or~s,
and directcd who sl~o~~ld marc11 in front, :~nd who in the rear.
He divicled the nriny into twelve companies, and tl~esc again
into five divisions, mnrslialled nccoding ns tl~c lncu mnlccd in
military cliscipline ;ant1 none coul~l he fount1 more wnrlilic, if
they l~ncl only 11x1 confidence in Gtrtl, wl~o is the ,giver of all
good thir~gs. On tlint dny, thc Tcniplnrs for~ncd the first
rank, nntl nfter tllern ca~nc in due O I ~ C Ithe Brctonu and nien
of Anjou ;then l'ollowetl Iiir~g Chy, wit.11 tl~c rnru of Poictou ;
autl in the fourth liue were thc Nor~nnns and English, who
had the cnre of the royal shndnrd ; :unl Inst of dl, niarcllecl
the Ilospit:~llers : this line wzs coniposccl of chosen wmriors,
divided into co~nlx~nics. They kept togetlres so closcly, tint
an apple, if tllrown, would not hare fallen to the ground,
rnitl~o~~t touching n. man or n Iinrsc; nnd tlic nrrny strelcl~cd
fro111 t,he army of the Saracens to tile sen-shore. T h e you
might have sccn their ~iiost appropri:lte distir~~tio~~s,stnudnrds,
and ensigns of v:~rious forms, nncl hmdy soldiers,
fresh, and full of spirik~ and ndl f ttcd for war. There wns
the enrl of Leices~er,B ugh do Gurnny, Willinni clc Dorria,
Wnll;in cle Ferrars, Roger de Toony, J;rmcs rl'tlvenncs,
llobe~tCOUIIL of Druell, the bishop of l'leaavois, and William

234 ~TINER.\RY OF RIC~IARD I. [u. IV. C. 18.
t
des Barres his brailicr, Willim de Garl.~ntlc!, Drogo (la j'vlislo,
and ninny of llis kinsnlcn. IIcnry count ol' Cl~n~npqnc 1;q)t
g~m.'.don the mount:h's sicle, maiutaiuii~g a ~oiist311t Io~li-o~t
011 flanlr : the foot-solclicw, I)owmeu :~nd nrb:ilouters, ~ ~ 1 . 0
on the ootsiclc, and the rexr of thc army was closctl by thc
pncl;-liors~s nnd wiiggons, which carried provisions ant1 otl~cr
things, a11d jo111~1eyei.I along betwceu the a ~my and the sca,
to awicl nn attack from thc enemy. This WLY tlle odcr of tile
army, as it iulvnnccd gradunlly, to prcvent sc~~xr:~tio~~ ; for the
less close the liue of Lat.~lo,the lcss effective W:IS it fur
~.esist:~nce. Icing Ricl~:ircl nntl the duke of B~~rq~ncly, wit11
x chose11 rcti~~uc of warriors, rode up :LI~ dow~l, ~~iurowly
wntclling the position and manner of the Tr~rks, to correct :~ny
thing in their owu troops, if thcy sow occasioa ; for they had
need, nt tht mo~nent, of thc ut~nost circunlspection.
CH.SVIII.-.Uow our armies were rnwh harassed Ly &hc T~wb, ruho
nlfnckd Ihon incessantly on all sides, and especially in Urc war,
?oou?brlil~!/ and culling thou clorola; mad our men ~iiorrklbuuc yielilrd itndm
the weight of the hullle in de.yuir, had not Ihe grace oJ God ~sisleil
tlmn, when lhey were jual ott thcpoinl of giving .tony.
ITwas now newly nino o'cloclr, wllcn there appeared n
large body of the T~~rlts, lo,000 strong, coming down upon US
at full charge, and tl~rowi~~g darts and arrow, as fast as they
could, while thcy mingld their voices in one Iwrrible yell.
There followed after t11e1r1 nil infcrnal mce of meu, of black
coloul; md bearinp a suitA)le appellation, es~wcssive of
their bl~liuess. Wit11 Lliem also wcrc tbc Snwcens, wl~o live
in tfle dcr?rt, culled lidouins: thy are n, envn.ge mc of Inen,
blaclier than soot; they fight ou foot, nntl carry n Low, qniver,
and round shield, and are n, 1ipl.rt nnd active rxe. Time uicn
dauntlessly :ittncl:ed ow army. Reyon11 thcun nii,rlit be scen
tl~e moll-ormngctl phalanxes of the Torks, with ensigns lised
to their lances, and stnuclnrds and banners of scpn~nte distinctions.
Tlleir army was clivitletl into troops, and the troops
into compnnics; and tlicir nulube13 xcmecl to cscccd twonty
thousancl. Tltcy cnmc on wit11 irresistible chnrgc, OII I~orscs
swifter tlmn cqles, nncl urgccl on like lipl~tning ;.to stt,aclr our
men; oud a3 thy axlv:u~ceJ, they rniscd :I cloud of ~Ii~st+ so that
the sky wm dnrkenccl. 111hont calm ccrtniu of tlwir adminds,
m it n-as their duty, n4.h chions am1 trun~pets; somo
A

h:bd hns, others lmd pipes an;l til~llrcls, gouq, cy~~~hls, nncl
other itrstrunrents, procll~cin~ a lrorrible noise ant1 cla~~wur. l'hc
cart11 vil)l.nted from the loud and Jiscord:~nt sotr~~dq so CII:L~ tl~c
crash of thunder could not be lleartl aniiclst the tu:nul tuoi~s noise
of horns nnd trumpets. They did this to nxcite tl~cir spirit :~ntl
WlI~:LgC, fbr the ~norc violan t the chmour becnn~e, tl~c Innrc boll1
wcre tl~eyfor the fmy. Tllus tllc ~III~~OLIS Turks ~III~CR~CIIC(~
119 both on the side towartls the sea ond fro111 the siele of the
1:i1d; nnd for the space of two milcs, not so IIIUC~Icart11 as could
Le taltcn up in one's hand could be seen, on nccour~t of the Irostile
Torlrs wl~o covcrctl it. 01, ! horn obstinntely tl~c~~~rcs~ctl
on, a d contiuued their stubborn attarls, so tl~aL our nien
sl~ffcl.ed scvere loss of tlreir horses, which were I

0 Lord Gtrtl ! what feclings ngitnted that weal< flock of
Christ ! straitened by sucl~ a perl)lexity; w11ol11 tl~c encmy
preesetl wit11 s11c1i ~ln:~bati~~g vigour, ZY if tl~ey wonltl p:~ss
them tlllvqh n sieve. What a.rnmy w : ever ~ assnileil by so
mighty a forcc ? There you might 1rn.w sccn our trool~crs,
1mv111g lost tl~eir cl~nrgcrs, 111:wc11in,g on foot with the footmen,
ur cnsting ~nissiles fi.0111 nrbalcsts, OY arrows f~mn bows,
apinst tllc encrny, and repelling their ntk~clis iu tl~c best
manner 1l1ey wcre able. The Turks, skillet1 in the bow,
pressell nncc:~.-i~~~I~thern: upon it mincd clarts; the air
was fillet1 with the sl~omer of arrows., and the brightncm of
tl~eslln wns ubsc~u.ccl l,y tlie rnultiturle of missiles, :is if it had
been da~.ltenetl by a f:lII of winter's hail or snow. Our horses
were pierced Iby the dnrts and arrows, wl~ich wcre so ullnierous
that the wl~ole fhce of the cart11 a~nund was oovercd wit11 tllem,
and if any one wislled to gather tl~cu~ up, Ilc 1nig11t talx tnrenty
of tl1e111 in l~is hand st ;L time. Tl~eTnrlrs prns.4 wit11 snch
boldness tint ~l~cy nearly crnshcil the Iiospitmllers ; on which
thc latter sent wort1 to Icing Ricl~ard tint they coultl not s~stain
the violence of the encmy's :~ttnck, unless 11e woulil allow tl~eir
knights to advance at full ci~nrge agtai~ist tlmn. This the king
dissuaded tl~cn~ frorr~ doing, but adviscil tl~cm to 1;ccp in s close
body ; tl~cytherefore perscvcrcd sud kept tn,qct,lrcr, tl~oilgh
scarcely able to brcnthe for the prcssurc. Ry Lltcsc nlennv tllcy
wcre able to proceetl on their may, tl~ougl~ tllc hcnt I~nj~pcued
to be very great on that day; so tl~nt they lnbo~uwl under two
disadvantages,-tlle hot ucntllcr nncl tlie a.tt:~r:ks of tlle enemy.
Thcse approved 111:~rtyrs of Clirist SWC~~CCI in tl~e COII t~st;aud
he who could have seen then1 closed 111) in a arrow spxe, so
paticnt 1111t1er the heat and toil of the clay nnd Lllc nttncks of
thc enemy, who esllorted tach otl~cr to destroy the Cl~ristirn~s,
could not doubt in his mind tl~nt it nngnrccl ill to our succcss
from tl~cir str:~itenetland perilous position, Ilcrnn~cd in, as they
were, by so large a u~ultitutle ; fur tl~e cncmy tl~untlerecl nt tl~cir
baclis as if wit11 rnnllets, so tl~:~t b:~viugIIO room to use tl~cir
bows, they fought hand to 11:~ntl with smortls, I:lnccs, :lnd clubs;
and the blo\vs of tl~e Turks, echoing f1.1~111 their 111cta1 ar~nour,
resoun~le~l 3s if tlley had been struc;k upon nu nl~vil. They
wore now tolmente~l with the heat, nnil no rest W;LS :dlowed
tlreni. Tl~e bnttlc fell I~eavily on tl~c rxtre~ne line of the
Hospita.llc~~s; tl~e nlore so, as they were unable to resist, but
moved forward with patience under tl~cir wonnds, returuing
A
'

'
not even a word for the I)lon,s wl~ich fell upon thcm, and
nxlv:~~~ci~~g on their way, because tl~cy were uot ablc to he:w the
wcigl~t#)I' the cu~rtest. Then tl~cy lrresstxl on for safety upon
tho'ccntre of tl~c army whicl~ in frout of tliem, to 3-void
the fury of the cnemy, wlro 11a.rassed tl~eln in the rear. JbT\\.'rcsit
wonllerful tlint no one coulcl witl~stand so continuoas an
attack, when he could not eveu retorn one blow to thc nnmbers
wllo prcs.wd on him ? TIICstrcngtll of all Paganism 11x1
gathercd together from Damascus aud Persia, from the Medi-
tcrr:~nc;m to the East ; tlicro WM not left in the ntterniost
recesscs of tl~e enrt11 one man of fame or power, onc nation of
dour, or one bold soldier, whom the Sultan I d not snnlmonad
to his aid, either by entrcuty, by money, or by nuthority,
to crush the Cli~istii~n mcc ; I'or be l)rcsu~ned to hop he
conlcl blot tl~cn~ fron~ the ljce of the earth ; bnt his Iwjm were
vain, for tl~eir numlrers nwe suficicnt, thro11;:11 tl~c ~sistn~lce
of (loll, to ctl'ect tl~eir purpose. l'l~cflowor of ~ l chosen ~ e youth
anrl solclicrs of Cl~ristendorn II:~ intlced nssrnibled togctl~er
:LII~ were united in one botly, lilto carsof corn on their stndlts,
fro~n cvery rr,!$o~~ of tl~e earl11 ; autl if thcy hid been uttcrly
crusl~cd and clestroyctl, tl~cre is no doubt that tlicre were none
left to uialce rcsistnnce.
Crr. XIX.-The tatlle cmlintaed, and the wondafd victory of the
Chrislians.
A CLOUD of dl~st obacarctl the air as our men marched OII ;
and, in addition to the I~cnt, they had an eucnly pressing
tlicr~~ ill he rear, insolcnt, ant1 reu~lerecl obstinntc I)ythe instigation
of the dcvil. Still the Chrjstix.ns proved good illen, and,
secure in tl~cir unconquernblc spirit, kept constn.ntly aclvancing,
while the Turl;s threatened thcrn without censiug in the
rear; but their blows l'ell I~arnile~s upon the defensive nrniour,
and this caused the Turks to sl:~cltcu in courage nt tllc failure of
their a,ttcmpts, and they began to murmur in wl~ispcrs of clisnppointlucnt,
wying out in thcir rage, " that our people vere
of iron, and would yield to no blow." Tl~eu thc Turks,
about twenty thoumncl strong, rushed :~gaiu upon our men
pelln~ell, annoying them in every possible manner ; wl~cn,:IS if
nlnlovt overcome by their swage fury, brother Garnier de
r\ apes, one of the Ilospit:~llcrs, sud~lenly esclainied, with a loud
voice, " 0 escellellt St. George! will you leave us to be thus

'f r',,.!: ,' - i -
Printed by J. B H. COX Iho~u~ns), 74.6, Orcat Queen .Ytreet.

put to confusion ? Tlle ml~ole of Christendom is now on tile
point of perislii~lw bec:uusc it Sc:~1:9 LO rcturrl blow agnillut
this impio~~s P&c:' Upon this, Lha mmtcr of tl~c Illqi,ilallcys
went to the Icin~, and s:d to I~inl," My lortl tlrc Irillg, we
a,rc violently 1)rcsscd by the enemy, nntl are in dnugor of
eternal inf:uiny,as if wc did not d:~rc: LO return tIl~:ir Oloms; we
are ea.ch of us losing our llorses onc &cr nnotlicr, nn~lW I I ~
shoulcl we hcn~ with thau nny f~~~tllcr?" To wllo~n Ll~e Icing
rcplicd, 'L Gout1 ~nnstcr, it is you wllo must sustain tl~eir nttncli ;
no onc C:~.IIbe cvcrywllere at once." On the rn:lst,cr rcturning,
tllc Turks :l,gnin ~nnde a. tiercc nttack on tl~en~ from tl~e
rear, and tllere w:ls not n prince or count z~nonpt tl~crn but
l~lushctl with slinlr~e, nntl tllcy s :d to each other, :'lVlly do wc
not cliarge them at full gnllop? ill;~s! alns! we s11;~ll for
ever descrve to bc cnllccl cow:~r~l,s, n thing wllic11 never Iinp­
pcned to us I)cfo~.e, l'ur nevcr l~as s11c11 :L cli.qracc bcf:tllen so
great nn army cvcn hon~ thc nnbelicvcrs. ~nlcsswc. dcfcud
ourselves by iln~nccii:ltcly clinrging the cncn~y, we sldl gin
everluting scnnclal, m l so ~nucli the greater tl~r:longer we
&Iny to fiSht." 0,how blind is hurnnu fato ! On wllnt sli?
1.pay
points it sta~~ds! Alas, on how uncertnin wl~ccls 110th ~t
advance, and wit11 what a~nbiguous success rlut11 it ur~f'G~!tl tl~c
course of hnmnn thin9 ! A coul~tle,~ mmaltitu~lc of .the Tn~,l;s
wo111tl have perisljcd, if the :doresaid nthmpt l~ntl bcen ol~lcrly
contluctecl ; but to punis11 11s foi our sim, as it is belicvt:J, tllc
potter's wl~eel produces a, pnlCr7 ressel instearl of the gr:~nrd
design wl~icll Ilc hat1 c~nccived:~ For while tlicy werc trcating
of this point, :ml I I : ~come to tho snrno decision nbout
c11:wping the enemy, two knigl~ts, wbo were inrpnLient of'
delay, put every thing in confusion. It hnd been rcsolved by
co~nmon consent that tlie sounJi~~g of six trw11pet.s in tl~ree
diffcrcnt lmrts of the aruy shordd be a signnl for a cl~xrge,
viz., two iu front, two in thc rear, and two iu thc mitltlle, to
distinguisli the sountls from t.l~ose of the Sam.ccns, and to n~:~rlc
the tlistnnc:~ of cncll. If tl~esc orders lrd hen nttelltlecl to,
the TLII,~;H \uodcl llnvo Irrer~ utt~rly tli,sco~nfitctl; but fro111 f.he
too gre:i t Irnste of the aforesnirl kni:;hts, the s~tcccss of t11c nfhir
was nlarretl. They rt~slletl at full @lop npou the Turks, and
ench of t,l~cni prost~:rtetl his lnan by pierciyfi him with his
1:mce. Oil,? of tlie~n was the marshnl of tl~c Ilospitalle:~, the
* The aulbcr Bcre quotes I-Iorece-'' cwrente rota cur u~ceiwaxit."
$

A.D. J 19 1.] TIIE EFFECTS OF TI~ETIZCUARGR.
239
other was Balrlwin de Carreo, a good and bravo Inan, and tho
co~upwiorl of Ring Richard, who had brought him in his
retil~w. Wllen the other Cliristizns observed these two rushing
forward, and henrtl them calliug, witl~a clear voice,
ou St. George for aid, they el~nrg~d the TUPIZSin
s body
with all tlwir strength; then the IIospitnllers, who llnd
been distressed all day by their close army, following tl~c
two soldiers, cl~argecl the cnemy in troops, so that the
van of the army bccame the rear froln their position in
the &tt:tcIi, md the I-lospitdle~s, who hstl been the Inat,
were the first to charge. The COIIII~of C11:~mpgue nlso burst
forward with his cl~oscn conipsny, sod Jams d'Ave rmes with
his Itinsn~en, md :As0 Robert couut of Dreux, the bishop
of Eejuvnis, nnd his brotl~cr, ZM well. rw the earl of Leiccstel;
who ndo :L fierce cl~srge ou tile left towarrls tho sea. WII~
need me nnllie c d ~ ? Those who were iu tlre first h e of the
rear I U ~ Ca unitcd and furious clraip ; aft,er then1 the men of
Poictou, the Bretons, and the men of A~!jou, ruslicd swiftly
onward, and then C:mne the rest of the srnly iu a body : e ~ll
troop shewed its V~OIII., md boldly closcd with the Turks,
transfixing tbeni with tllcir lanccs, and casting tl~eui to the
The sliy grew bladi with the dust wl~ich was rnised
in tl~coufusion of that encountor. The Turks, who had purposely
dismounted from their horses in order to take bet.ter
sin1 at our men with their darts and arrows, were slain on all
sides iu that cl~srge, for on being prostrated by the horsesoldiorb
they were behenclecl by the foot-men. King Ilicl~nrd, on
seei~~g his army in u~otion nnci in eucounter wit11 the Turli~,
flew rnpidly on 11is horse at full syecd through the Hospi~dlers
who had led the charge, and to wl~orn he wns briuging
3ssist3,nce with ,211 his retinuc,alid broke into the Turkish infantry,
who were astonished at hi3 blows nntl those of 11is men,
and gore way to the right and to the left. Then might be
seen nunibcrs prostrated on the ground, horses without their
riders in crowds, the WOU~LIC~ 1:~111cntiug with groans their
I1a1.d fate, and others cl~~wing their last brcrttll, weltering
in their gore, and many lay I~cadless, whilst tlleir lifclers
forms were troddon under foot both by friend and foo. 011
how cliffwont are the q>eculat,ions of those who medit.ato
andst the columns of the cloister from tlle fearful exercise
of war! There tho king, the fierce, the ostraordinary king,

560 INDEX 01.' N.4>IRS AND PLACES.
Mala. Jenn. 534
Mnl~nc,. Ciilbert de, 123
Malvol\~n, Cuyoll de, 412
426. 4lil
nlnnsarrr, 540
hli~~~wurn, .;a6
Manuel. 126
Marn, 1-lugo rle, Ill8
Mnrclre, coullllle 1.1, 376
Marescallin, 74
Maresclrn~~x, Lancclol. 53
Margarit~ls. 11.3
Marlgnan, lli2
Marly. Llahun de, %f7
hlarseiliei, 1 I. Iljl. :Bj3, 502
Mnrtel. \Villinm, rn;
Mnntnirs Jncelin de 160
~ontrenl' Anselrn dc' I I I
~nrbois,'Cirnrdde, in:!
M~rea, prince of. 1111
Mormanl, Rerrnulr ~lc. 534
Montelgne, Ilojier dc, 5:s
Mortimer, floger clc. 2:I
-----, Bdrtllnlorncwde
n. . .l"
Mnulina Rorer de 70
Mntndn, Old in of Lire
M?LXL, 35
Mulins, 11iu
Parthin !q 05
~'ase-~bula'i;l'4%
PnLly, CUIII&~do, 533
Pcnmucl 4Pi
Pcrclre. Count of, 2~
Perron, lord, 517
Persia, 07
-, emperor of, 490
I'rruqitm, if4
I"eter. Ceoll'rey F~la, B, 33
I'etrW"tc. 117. 1%. 405,Y-20,
313
Ncuslrin(~orrnand~), 7,3,
45, 177
Neven, 374
Newbury, Robert de, 204,
9r.5
I \ G ~ s 75 ,
-, Henry Fib, 205,
2rfi
N~colle Vaster 450
x icowi '~ij!~ I&
v i~cl. 'dare; fit%.2&4 '
'file. 4:K 541. 6.17
Vufiart, :qs
'fmnnte, Hugh de, 6
Vnra~lui 73
Raimond coulrt 73
~oraicl;, 5n
Il:~llth, ~bbert l':itr 21
~ut~i~~gllnni. 24
Il~~mllla 046 260.4h 311
'flluille, Puler rle, 416 ~mrcon~.(i&tfre~d< 2113
834
qoyers, Clnrem~nld de, 123 I{nsn, lfi~ Mirle, Drogo dc, 1!J;l, 205,
Regiuald, bishop, 0,36
234
--. prince, i4 Molnnus, 71,
Reinfred 130
Mnlein~t?, I'imre de. 3:U
llemfrid:u4
Monrlrcl~;rr, Eo~ln: dc, 4Im
Re.sll. $3
Mont (:hal)lull, Cli~rclnbald
Reu, 4bP
de. 298
Rhcirns. Alberic or, 313
MO~L~~IIICOII, i3nrrlioiolnew
----, Bnldwin de, 3'11
de. 443
--, archbishopof, 529
Monrfcrmt, marquis of, '12,
'1'11
.Y.P
'I"
Mon~fort, count de, 361.
131. 475
- Philip de, 497,
444, 4&, 4!)7
Monrlchcry 'Ilia "rfl
~ontmirnil; ;oil; (Ie,103
Monlmornnci, sire tie, 6%

cut down the Turks in every dircction, aud nonc could
escape the force of his nrm, for wherever 110 turned,
bmntlishing his sword, he cilrved a wide path for himself;
ad xs Ile athnced and gave rcpentctl stroltes wit11 his sword,
cntti~~g ~IICIIIdown like n reaper with his siclde, the ~,est,
warnctl by the sight of the tlyii~g, pve him more ample spnce,
for tl~c corpse^ of the dcnd Turks w11icl1 lay on the face of the
eartl~estenJctl ovcr I~nlf s mile. In tiw, the Turks were cut
down, tllc satldes eniptiud of their riders, and thc dust which
W:LS L~I~SIYIby the conflict of the combatants, proved .very hurtful
to our lncn, for on beoorniug f;~ti(;uetl from sI:~yiug SO many,
when tlwy wcro rctiring to take fresh sir, they could ilot recognize
each oLhr oil account of the t11kli dust, and struck their
I~lows indiscrimin:~tely to thc right and to the Icft; so tllnt,
unable to tlisti~lguisl~friend fi.om foe, they took their own
nicn for ene~nicq and cut them down wititout mercy. Tlw
the Cbristims pressed I I : ~upon the Turks; the latter gav0
way bcfore them : but for (I long time the battle wss c1oul)~ful;
they still cxchaugctl blows, and either party strovc for the
victory : on both s~dcs Kcreseen some retreating, covcrcd with
wounds, while others SeJl slniu to thcground. Oh, l~ow many
banners nnd shndnrds of v:krioue fonns,and pennons and manycolonred
cnsigns, might then be scen torn and fdlcn to the
earth ; Y WOP~Sof psoved stcel, znd lances made of wnc with
iron heads, Turkish bum, nut1 nlnceu bristling with sl~nrp teeth,
darts and nrrons, coveriug the grountl, a d missilcs cnoug11 to
load twcnty tinqgons or more ! Tllarc lay thc I~eadess trunks
of thc TUYI~Y who had perislictl, whilst others retnined their
coursgc for a time until onr nien increased in strength, wl~eu
sonlo of thein ccuccslcd tl~cn~selves iu tl~ecopses, solnc cli~~ibecl
up trecs, and, being shot with arrows, fcll rritl~ fcarful groan
to tl~c cartl ; otl~crs, al~n~ltluni~~g tl~cir horses, betook ~IICIIIsclvcs
by slippery foot-pstl~s to the srnsicle, alld tunlldcd liedlong
into thc wnves from tLc precipitous cliflk that were fi \re
polcs ill height. The rest of the cnerny were replilscd iu so montleiful
n iltnnncr, that for the slxwc of two milcs uotlrillg co111cl
be secn but I'ugit;ives, dthougl~ thoy 11o.d tdore been so obstinate
ant1 Rercc, sncl puRecl up wit11 pride: bat by God's grace hir .pride wns l~urnbled, a d they continued still to Hy ; for wllcn
our me11 ccad t h p~~rsuit, fear nloue stltlotl wings to Ll~eir
feet. Our army hail been rmged in divisions when they

Plsmml, Ranul le, 812
Flarnellz. Raoul 534
Flatlders, earl of: 379
-, Guillaumede, 533
534
Flandres, Guion de 7p
Flies. Tower of, 133'
Fonlainel~lvnll, 351
Fo~itnincs,:\~lnu~~ius cle. 12:
-, Peter de. 3F4
Fonlevraud. LU
Forlibus, Will~am de, 0
F'Rsre. Otho de In. 1I1
Gadres. 491
Calgnors, Hue, K3.l
Cnlen, 116
Galonle, ltil
Gwnbia~m, 4 17
Gnrland, W~lliilm de, ail,
2: u
-- , Ilonserlus de, 1'Z
Gtucony, Peter of, 21~3
-, 45.377
Gaucllil, Guilberl de, 177
G,T*,,,@.,i,,ke 'IF, 374
3UB, 4115,510
Lou&, hlaci rle, K3:l
--. kings of, 73, 102, Louis IS.. Saillt. :?51, 374,
917, 474. 443
,370, 314, 3!J'?. IU7. 435.
Jocelyn, count, 111
437. 4x1, 5U3, 51$, G'JJ.
J~~ISIIIIII. 14
6!U, 555
John, prince, 5, 11, 2?, 47, -, prince. ,542
"2, VU!)
Loci. Rlclinrd ~le, 6
.-" -, b~shop8 -, Godfrey cle. ti, 156
-, Roger de, 2110 , cuanr '(of Loegria), Luke, John Pilz. 227
Cilnaonbury, 12 ,I,
..a
Lusigllan, tiecltirey .- de, 247
Godfrey, b~sllop, 7. 44 --,count (of Scisl, 111
-. , xii
uf Lusignan, 13, -,counl (of l'onliny), LULI, Ion
21n. 217
I T I
Luxemlu~urc. count of, 515
GO&,' \~\lliam, Ill
con~cy,Ii u~hdc, 123
Gou~!u, 4113
G~anclre l%tieme 533
Gray, I-I;~;~ de 05'5
Creek Rrc. 116,' "i, 401: Jopp" 217, I-lli, 50, 313 M'aart, Lancelot cle, W?
Gregory VIII. ~jg Jorm, Angucrrmi dc. 5J4 h1t1ccdon1~. !kB
Gre~lville, Gedt%ey de. 111 Jorcclllre, prior, I2
Ma nnvillr. Krnnld de, 205
Coadres, 2.16
J~nselm. llobcr~ dc Boh,534 klaknnc. Iliercle. 593
GUIned, cuuntde,~3 Judm. 61, 87
&l.lnii~ie. jakcline do. 711
~ulfiemia 41;l
Juilli. 374
Mnilly, I ;ilks cle, ~ c t ,534
Gulmerl, buinenler ~le, 8% Jupilies, Kmul de, L3.I
Mailnc, I-lcnry (la, 2%
Gulscanl, Rober~, ]lie
hlalc~lictum, ill!)
Guivelim. Guy dr J?G
N.ilemidl~. Cillllcrl. XIG
:;ur~~dy, ~ u g de,'~~ ~ i
Malrr, William, 2U(,

ntt:~ckcd thc Turlts ; the Koru~ans nncl E~tglislr nko, who L:d
tbe care of the standard, carno I I aluwly ~ to\varJs the troops
wl~icli wcrc figllting with the Tnrlts,-for itwns verydilticnlt to
tlisperso tl~c cncmy's strength, :IIII~ tl~ey stopped at n sl~ort distmce
t.I~creFrorn, tllnt :)I1 u~igl~t lla~en mllying poiut. 011 the
condnsion of the slnught,er, our rucn pwisd ; but the fugiti vcs,
to the nu~nbcr of twenty tl~o~~santl, when thy snm this, iinn~cdiately
recovering the-ir courage, nnd nr~;ed with nlnces,
charged the I~indn~ost of those wl~o wcre retiring, ;~nd rescuecl
sonw fro111 our men who liar1 just strncl; them down. c.11 I~oa
drcndl'ully were our men then ~xcssctl! fur the tlnrts :~nd
arrow:, thrown nt them ns they wcrc falling bad;, hl~lic tl~c
heads, :wns, nnd other limbs of our I~orsen~cu, so tli:rt they
bcnt, stunnecl, to their s:~ddle-bows; b ~ l~nving ~ t quicl;iy repined
thcir spirits and rcs~ltl~cd tl~eir stre~~gtl~, ant1 111 irsti112
for vengc.znce with greater e:1gerness, like ;L lioness wl1e11 11er
wlielps wc stde~~, tl~cy cl~:lrgerl the ellcmy, nntl brokc tl~rougli
tl~ew liko n nct. Tl~cn yon niigl~t havc seeu the horses with
thcir sntldles displncetl ; nntl the Turlts, who llad but just now
fled, returning, and prcuaing upon our people with the ut~~~ost
fwy ; avery cast of thcir tlarts woulil I~zve told, l~nd our nlcn
kept n-rmching, nntl not stoocl still in n c,o~npact imntov:ll,le
body. The com~nnnder of the Turks was an adlnj~,nl, by
name Tcl;tdrnus, n lcinsn~nr~ of the sult:ri~, I~nving a b:uluer
with n, rcn~nrliable dovicc; namely, tl~:~t of :L pair of breeches
cnrvecl tl~ereon, a synibol well Iinown to his rim. Ile wns :L
most cruel persecutor, nnd n perscvcling cnenly of t.he Cl~ristinns
; nud 11e had ~n~~der his co~tmnnd sewn I~n~iclrctI cl~osen
l'11rl;s of grcnt vnlouv, ol' the l~ouselwltl t1,oops of Sdadin, eacl~
of wl~ose cornpnnics bore a, yellow hnnncr with pennons of n,
tliffercnt coloor. Theso men, coming ilt full cl~argc, with
clan~our nntl I~angl~ty bearing, attncked our men who were
turning of from them townrds the stnntl:~rcl, cutling nt tl~ern,
nncl piercing tllcrn severely, so tl~nt evcu the firnincss of onr
chiefs w:rvercd under the weigl~t of tl~c prc:su~~; yct 0111.meti
rcmninccl i~~~n~ovable, compelled to repel forcc by furcc, n~~tl tile
co~~flict grew tl~ickcr, the blows were rcclonl~lecl, :~r~tl the battle
rage11 ficrccr tl~nn before: the one sitlc Inbourecl to crush, tl~e
otl~er to rcpcl ; both cscrtecl t!~cir strc~~gtl~, alrd nltl~ougl~ our
men wcrc by far tl~c fewest ill nunibe~.~, they n~n~le havoc of
great nlultitr~des of the cilcu~y; nncl that. po~,tiou of 111,;

558 INDEX OD N.~NES AXD PLACES.
Douillon. Godfrey cle, Rln Cliarnpngne, 343. 573 Dnvlnn. Jenn, 534
DourIJon, mnd:#rnc. ilc, 51.7 -,
Tliibnut de, Del Bar, 14
-. Arcl~ibalcl tie. A7fi 370, 374, 375 Deseor, Gaurier, 534
Bourbminne. Peler de, 461 ----,Henry of, 371, Diilirnus, 104
Bourg, Nargenot du, 111 279
Dirrnnlcdtlio, 646
Uourges 45 177
~lr;;r;ld, 337 njddil6. MI1
Brnnc~~; .~dssernnt ile, 4Zi (:h,~paller;,159
Dje~nndalelin Mnhsun-E sa-
Drclon. VVQ.le, +19 Clssrel~le, 37
lihi, :&I
Dr~c n'r
C1inrlern;ijinr. q1 Djcm;il - Bdden - Oen - Jng-
~rlc;A: county 0r.374 Chnrmcu~h,547 ntnur. ,171
-, Andrew de, IW Cllarler-I-louse, I Doberncrr~feld,36
. oounr de. IOY. 475, (!l~.~tenun~u,G~~illaume,~~ Donipns, I(U
481, 4!b
Chnslel. Jarne:~ clu. 457 Dandurin, 333
--, r\vrnrl de,37l, 3110 Clln,tetioi, Jean ~le, 5% Dnngcux, 31.2
Bri~~~on, Gilles de, 524 CI~astillr~n, u alter cle. 422, Dover. 28, 47
Briatol, KdI 4:3, 436,557 D~njiue, llil
Urita~rr W3n. 534
Cl~ntmu~lun, .274 Dreux, 156
Britlnii;,.count 05370, 443, Climellernuld, viscount de, -, count of, 943,373
449. 451, 514 111 rJreur, count of. %$I
Brirere, ,'.Vlllinm, 6, 33 Cliaumes, Jean lie. 5:u Drolmms, 177
Bron, Culllilulne de, 417 Chn\,enguy, Andrew de,?l]5, Durl~arn,50
Bruga, Rokrr de, 2% ..." ',I<
Brud, \.\ llliarn dc, 235 Chegeret-Eddur, 546, 552
Brun, Hugo le. 2115 Cherirnes, 1!)4 Ehlin, Baldwin de. 4.1.1, 448
-. Ciles I~C, 1ti7, 4'97, NO Cl~csnnrs, Hubert, 53.1 -, Guy dc, .t.lY
Bru~id~tsluln. 161 Clicr~or.fin Edcasa, 70
Uruy~u. Cllles dc, 355 c111~1lEsi&, 50 F:nyr~r,5u, 73, 117, 409
Bul ,?ria T2 Chinon, 50 Eleanor, queen, 3.11, 19, 44
BU&. nbtlert de. IZ? Clemenls All~erie 000 177
Burpmly, count of 494 51G Cler, ~mbri c~c,a:ii Eln~eliliul-Knmil,543
. duke of: ti0,'%2l, Clery, Jenn dc, 434 Ely. 45.50
247. 260, 91i4 Clignez. Guillaurne de, 534 EnTritl, 72
-. 8,373 Clilccambn. 44 Entrnche, lord de. 397
Rulnhenens, 194 Fperm 373
Grath;;I~;, ~3
Ernald, O ~ G
Lr~~ucs, 2!)7
Cncsarea. 231,476.403>90
Esmflans, lord de, 411
Cugcii, \Iilllam ilc, !&I
~XSSC,I*UGU~S
d'Kl dc, 410.
(:.~~ffi, ins
Corsicn; 162' ---
-, I'.!in cle, 1% Coucy, Hollowat cle, 376 Es%, IGO
Cairo, 597, 549
Uou~~erit~s. Retlault. 5.34 Esnierny, Errart de, 412
Cnlabrin. 14, 178 Couiad, mnrquis. 77 Esnlib. Mn
Cnrnr>cndu. Girnrd de. , 533. - Cnurcenny. Peter ile, 461 Ymtiib - Gibmnl - Eddenm,
Courtmsy, lord de, 3!1&41v, Ben-Mavoub. 554
Cnrnville, Gerard de, 23 411;. 521. XU Estrees, Rnoul de, 532, 534
Candnira, l9:j
cou;;~nr;~&.selin cle, 467, I:[~III~, William de, 322
Caper~laum,020 4.35 Eu, rounl de, 4J7
Carlnel, 112 Coventry, 62 Luplirntes, I19
Carracois, 41, 210 Crnch, 256 Evererd. 527
Cnr~eo.23!1
Crnoil, M.ii~riee de, 531 Evrciw, 17
Cnrrnn, Unlclwin de, !297,2% Crassus. Murcus, 07 -, bishop 05 350
CilrtIi:~e, ul
Exeter, 5u
Cnst,l. 4:'ri. 457
Cn>lcllan, Lovel de. 127
3u4, 516
--,queen of, 374
~&~c$onville, Guillau~nc
de, 23.1
Cllalcif, 536
Chnlrlncn, u7
Cillllnlls, cliunt of 816
Clltunbelln~tt. G:,itier, 534
Cbntnbly. Jenn dc, su
Cllmn~l~i, r\ndrew de, 250
255, 9117

army wllicl~ thus toiled in thc battle coulcl not retnrn to tho
standard with cesc. on ncconnt of tl~c immense nlass which
pressed upon thcm so scucrcly ; for t1111s hcnmed in thcy i,c;r;ln
to in courage, and but few dared to rencw the attack of
tlil: ellclny. In truth, the Turks wcrc ft~rions in the nsr;~uIt,
and pc~tly distressecl our mu, whoso blood ponrcd fort11 irl
:I strc;rl~~ beneath tl~eir blows. On perceiving tl~errh reel and
Rive way, William de T3nl~iu, a renowncd knigl~t, brexking
tl~rongh the nnks, cl~arged t.he Turk8 with his men ; and such
was the vi~onr of the onset that sonlc fcl l by the cdge of his
sword, while otllors only saved tlic~u.wl vcs by rapid Big11 t.
For a11 tllat, the Ici~~g,mounted oil n h~yCypriiw steed,
wl~icll hall not its mntcb, bonnclrcl forward in the direction of
the nioonbnins, antl scattered those he met on all sidcs ;for the
onemy fled from his sword nnd gave way, wl~ile hchnetv
tottcrcd bencath it, and sp3rl;s flcw fort11 from its strokca. So
great was the fury of his onset, and so many antl deadly his
hlows, that day, in his conflict with the Turks, that in a short
space of time the enemy werc all scattered, nnd ,zllowetl our
army to proceed; and thus our men, 11aving su%xed somewhat,
ot last returned to the stmdanl, nad proceeded in
their marc11 ns far ns Arsnr, and tllcro tbey pitchcd their teuts
outside its walls. While Ll~ey were tl~os cn,g:lgetl, a large body
of the Turlrs mndc an attack on the cstrenle rear of our
army. On henring the noise of the assailants, Icing Ricllnrd,
enconmging his men to battle, rushed nt full speed, with only
fifteen compmiuns, against the Turks, crying out, with a IIXKI
voice, " Aid its, 0 God ! and the Holy Scl)ulcl~re !" a d tliis
IIC exclain~etl Q second nod s third time; and when our
rncn heard it, they nlnde Ilmte to follow him, and attxcl;cd,
~oritecl, and put, them to flight ; pnrsning tllenr as far as
Arsnr, whence they had firsl; come out, cntting thcm Jomn
:mI subduing them. Many of the Tnrks fell tl~erc also. The
king returned thence, from the sI:wgl~t~r of the f~~gitives, to
his camp.; and the men, overcome with the fatigi~cs and esertions
of thc dny, restcd quietly that nigIlt. Wboevcr mas
grecdy of pin, and wished t.o plonder tlle booty, rctwncrl to
the place of battle, and, loaded Ilimself to his heali's dcsire ;and
thosc who returnccl from tl~ence reportctl that tlwy 11:1cl counted
.thirty-tmo Turkish chiefs who were found slai~~ on that day,
and whom tiieysupposed to bemen ofgrent influence and power,

INDEX 08 NAMES AND PLACES.
Aban, Rainy??, 633 Arlllnult, 375 Benumont, Pcm (It,534
Ab~n~kcrln. .S.IJ Attois, cow~tof, 370, no -, ~~\'lll~nlll

from t11c splcndo~~r of tl~cir a.rmour and tl~e costliness of tl~cir
apparel. 'rhc 'f~irlis also 111nt1i: sc:~rcl~ foi tllcrn to carry tl~~tn
away, ns being of tl~o most in~llorhrnc~; and bcsitlcs the tlic
Turlis carrictl ofsevcn tl~ous:~nd ~nnngled bodies of tl~ose W~IO
werc ncst in rank, bcsiclcs of the moundcd, who went off ill
strnqglit~g partics ; nnrl when their strength failctl, I:L~ :~borlt
tl~cficlds :~nd did But by the protcctio~i ol' God we did
not lose n tcntl~, nor a I~untlrcdtl~ part so 111any as fell in the
Turkish arlny. 011the clix~stc~s of thnt (lay ! 011tl~c trials
of the warriors ! for the tribulations of the just are many. 011
mournful calnn~ity and bittcr tlistrcss ! Huw grezt n~ust Imw
becn tl~c bl;xcltness of our sins to rcqnire so fiery :LII o~.~lr:~l to
purify it ! for if we hncl striven to overcome this urgent
nccessity by pious long-suffering, snd without a murmur, tl~o
sense of our obligations would Iuve been dccpcr.
CA. Xi.-How 11Ac adw~irccl/leknighl James d'dvemea was slain in llre
second encounle~.
BUTme hacl to nlouru greatly thc loss of Jarnes d'ilveuncs,
who vins overpowered by the r~umbcrs of the TUI.I

I-Iis army was composed of thirty tliousnnd infantry and
six tl~ousantlc,nv:~lry. Tl~csiegc lnstcd six niontl~s.
On the 15th ot' the n~o~itl~ Muharscnl, the first 1nont11 of
tho year 669, tll~l'ewas i~ bloocly hattle, in whicll 11unrber~
were shill OII u:~cl!si~lo. The Tnnisinns wcrc on llle point of
I~oillg destl'oyetl, wlic11 tl~c clcatli of tlic king of Pr:~nce
cl~a~~ged tl~e faco of afFairu. The Frcncli, nftw ll~is evcnt,
only tllought of nlnltiq peace and returning to tllcir own
country.
@lie 1sin:~cl-Erl-eia,n, an inllobitant of Tunis, ~nade the following
verses duri~rg t h sicse :­
" F~-e~~cLrnsu, arL h u ipormt that Tunis is the sistcl- of
Cairo ? Tl~inkon the hte th:rt awaits tlm ! Tllou wilt fi11~1
1)efore tlds town ll~y lo~~~b, instcarl of the ho~~so of Lolr~s~l;
and tl~etwo terrible ongcls, fil'iu~kir and Nal+ will take tllo
place of tl~e eunuch S:~llil."*
This liing of Prance I d a good understanding, but w:u of
an artfnl c11arwter.l-
* Mrcnki~and Nakir nre two angels who, nccording to the Mussulman
creed, interrogate the dead the moment they are in the gmve. They
begin their interrogatories with these words, ', Who is thy Lord ?" and
" Who is thy prophet ?"
It is disgraceful to Makrisi, otherwise a tolerably faithful historian,
to suffer himself to be blinded by the common aversion of Mussulmen to
Clu%tiirns.

Tl~ercfore, the I-Iospitdhs :~nd Iaiglrts of the Temple armed
thc~nselves, 2nd took with them ninny of the l'urcopoli
and atl~ers, and, on arl.ivin(: on tho field of l):~ttle, tlley ninde
anxious senrch, nnd n.t last found tl~c body, it,s face covcretl
wit11 clottccl Llood, SO tht it w : difficult ~ of rec0~11itiot1 Ll~ltil
it was washed wit11 water, for it was dyed in gore anti
smollen with mounds, and very 1111lil;c llis forn~er self. '.~IIII~,
[laving deccntly wrapped up the body, they bore it back
to Arsul; whence n grcnt n~ultitude of the soltlicrs canle forth
to mcet it ; and dl lanlented the death of so great n man, for
they cnlled to mind his prones3, bounty, and the ulnliy
virtue;: tl~nt ndorned him, and Ring Richar~l and Killg ChY
nssistccl at his funeral, where a solemn mass was c~lcbratcd,
with large offeriugs, in the church of our Lady tho Quccn of
Tlmven, whose notivity it was. After the maw, the fanernl
rites were solenlnly performed, and the nobles, tnlring his body
in tl~eir arms, buried it in n gmve, erecting a mound tllercon ;
:md there w~ great wniling, weeping, and lamentntiou for
his dentl~. When the obsequies werc ended, the clergy solen~nly
pwformed the service for the clay, being that of the Blessed
Virgin Mary.
CH.X?(r.-Of the rout of the Turks,who JTrsl turned their Bncks and
llrcnjelcd, and how they left all their Bogpage about IlrcJe/icln's a prey lo
the Christinrrs.
Now tho eniirs and noblcs of the Snl.acens, to whon~
Snlnclin liad given great territories and riches, hail been induce~l,
by his deceitful words nncl high-flown laugunge, to
believe, that on that clay, with the aid of Mallornet, he would
utterly extirpate the Chistinns ; but the oracle of &l:luhomot
deceived them, and their involcnt boasting was reprcsaed.
For according to tl~c report of tl~ovomho saw it, yournigl~t tmce
the flight of the Turks tl~ror~;;lt tl~o mountnins, on the day of
bsttlc, by tl~c booty that was tl~rown aside, the, dend l~orscs nncl
cnrnels lying dong the way, as they had fallen, and lntlen with
heavy bqgpc; for the Turkish bom~nen hnd fled from the face
of the Christi:?ns, and retreated with dl that wns left ~ l~e~n;
and on the day of battle, the Inore anxiously they hastened
their flight, tl~c nlorc sulely tlley failed, :u~d pcrisl~ed, leaving
behind tl~eni nn immense cptntity of spoil. Such was tho
vigonr of our men's last attack, that if the enemy hid re­

for the restoration of Darnieth. The army broke up its encampmcnt,
and returned to tlie capital, when tlle sultaun,
loaded the officers with presents, and her liberalities extended
to tl~e meanest soldier.
TIlo Icing of France,* having fortunntely escaped from the
hands of the Eg,yptians, resolved to make war wnirist the
1iing~lo~n of Tuuis. He chose a time when a horrible famino
raxqed Africa, and sent an ambassador to the pope, d~om
the Cl~ristians consider as the vicnr of the Messiah. This
pontiff gave him permission to take for the support of this
war the wealth of churches. He also sent arubaswdors to all
the kings in Christendom, to demand assistnnce, and to engage
then1 to mite with him in this expedition. 'The kings of
Englancl, of Scotlnnd, and of Arragon, the count of To~~louse,
and many other Christian princes, wceptecL of Ilia invitation.
Abouitbdoullali-Nut1amn1ed-Ehoi1stausi1~-I3illnb, son to tlie
emir Abizikerin, then reigned at Tunis. The yeport of this
intended expedition came to his ears, and he scnt nn anib:msador
to the Icing of France to sue for peace, oft'ering eigl~ty
thousand pieces of gold to obtain it. Tl~o king took the
money, but did not the less carry his arms into Africa. I-Ie
landed on the shore of the plains of Cartha+, and laid siego
to Tunis the last day of the moon Zillcacl6, in tho 668th year
of the Ilegim (July 21, A.D. 1270-).
* The Egyptinns repented having suffered the Icing of Frnnce to escape
from their hands, for it wns commonly reported that he was meditating
nnother war against Egypt. Mnltrisi, in the description of this kingdom,
says, that this report was reneswed under the reign of Bibnrs-Albondnlc..
dari. This sultan assembled his council, when it was resolvetl, that, in
order to goin access to succour Darnielta, which hod lately been ~ehuilt,
not far from the site of tlic ancient town, thnt bod been ruined, n bridge
should be conshucted from Kiloub to the town. Kilouh wns a villuge two
days' morch distant from Dnmietta, and when the Nile is at its height, the
road to that village is impassable. The emir Achoub, one of the Mnme-
luke chiefs, hnd the superintendence of it. Thirty thousand men were
employed in building this bridge, and six hundred oxen transported ma-
terials and earth. This bridge mas finished in a month. It was two days'
mnrch in length, and six horsemen could puss it in front. This britl;s,
however, could not be very high, since it was not built over the Nile,
where it would have been impossible to construct one ; and this proves it
was erected on the land, and of use only iu the time of inundations. It
was rather a cnusewny thnn a bridge, and sufficiently high to be nbove the
country flooded by the Nile. Similar ones are built at this day, to pre-
vent the land from being overflowed.

m:ii~~ccIn little longcr, n-nrl I d not taken to flight, thy
wor~lll rlcvcr ap.i.11 ham Lccn in ligl~t.ing order, and the laud
woliltl llnvc bcen left lor the Cli~i~tims ta OCCII~Y.
r
1JIEsultnn, I~ewiug that his ol~oicc troops, in wllon~ 11e lrnd
p1:~ced so ~nuclr confi~lcncc, were l,outecl in this manner by tho
Cl~~,islin~~s, was filled with mgcr :ud escitcrnc~~t ; and aaJling
to>gcf,llcr his nd~nirnls, Iic snicl to tl~enl, 'I Arc tllcsc t,l~e clectls
c ~ fuly bwvc trnolr;j, once so Lo:~stful, n ~ d who111 I Iiove so
lonclc~l wit11 s,ifls ? Lo ! tl~c C11risti:~ns tnvexse the mholc
country nt tl~clr plcmnrc, fur tiwe is no one to oppose them.
Wl~crc 11ow arc :dl their V:ILIII~S, those swords and spews
with \vl~ic:h t,l~cy tl~rcnl.cncrl to tlo such execution ? wllerc is
tl~nt prowcsswl~icl~ t11c.y pro~nisetl to put fort11 a.,s~.inst tl~c
Cllri&ns, to overtllrow tl~c~n utlcrlp ? They llnve fought the
bnltlc wliich they desired, but ul~crc is the victory thy piso-
~niscd? Thy are degcnei.,ztcd frvn1 those noblc ancestors
who pcrh~r~~~ctl SIIC~I cspluits :~g:iinst the Cl~ristiam, nud
whose Incrlwy will ewlurc for cwr. It is R di~grawto our
nnt,ion, the most warlike ill thc world, thus to become ns
notl~ing in compnrison with tllcir glorious anccst.ors." Tho
dmirnls l~eld clown their liends st tlme words; bnt one of
tl~cln, n:~rnetl Snnscuns, of Aleppo, rcturned this answer:-
'' Most sncrctl Sultm, snvin,g yow m?jesty, this cl~nrge is
~mjnst, for we f'ongllt wit11 all our strength against tlie
Prn~ilts, md did our bcst to destroy them : we met thei~.
fierccsl :~Ltwks,but it was of nn avnil; thcy are armed in
in1penctr:~blc nrmour wllicll no we;Lpon can pierce, so tlint. dl our Mows fell as it were upon a rock of flint. And, furtl~cr,
tl~ere. is oneonlong their nu~nber superior to my man me 11avs
ever seen : lle nlwzys cl~nrgcs beforc the rest, slaying aid
deutroying OUI- men : 11e is the first in every enterprise, and
is a rnnst bmve an11 escellcnt soldier ; no one can resist. him
or esc;rpe out of his l~ands: they call 11im M~ZLECD: 121c.+
Such :L king as 112 scems born to command the whole curt11 :
wllat then could we do more against so formidable en enemy?"
* Bhp Richard.

ortlers wcrc ncccsszry. At ]fist it was given up to tile fifassullnen,
nftcr having rc~nained eleven months in the ~~~~~d~
the enelny. Tho king paid four hundred tl~ousa~~l pieces of
gold, as ivcll for his own mnsvni as for that of tile queen,
his brutl~er, nod the other lords that'lrwl accompanied him.
All the I!'r:~r?ksthnt hncl hen macle prisoners dnring tlle
reigns of tl~c sultans Hodil-Koniil, Salih-Nerljru-Eclcli~~, and
Tournn-Cl~alr, obhinecl their liberty : they nmol~nted to
twelve tl~ouenntl one hundred mcn and ten women. The
Irin~, with ell tl~c Frencl~, crossed to the west\vnrd b~xnch of
tllc Nile, 2nd emb.zrketl on a Saturday for Acre."
The poet, Essaliib-Gi61nal-Edtlen-Ben-Mnt~olmade, on
thc clep:~rtu~,c of this prince, the following verses :
" Ecar to the 1;ing of lT~xnce, when you sllall see him,
these words, tri~cc11 by a partism of truth : The cleat11 of the
servants of the Messiah 11as been the reward given to you by
God.
" You have landed in Egypt, thinking to take possession
of it. 'Iror~ k ~ve i~nn~i~lcd tl~ntit iv3s only peopled with
cow:~rtls! you who are a drum fillcd with wind.
l'ou tl~ongbt tbnt tl~c moment to destroy the Mussulmen
W ~ Sa~.ri~ed ; alld this Mse idea has smootl~ed, in your eyes,
evcry difficnlty.
LL By your cxccllcnt conduct, you 11ove abandoned your
soldicrs on the phins ol' Egypt, nncl the tomb has gaped
under their fcet.
WI1at now rem:~ins of the seventy thousand who ~lccompnnietl
you ? Dead, woundetl, 2nd prisonels !
" M;L~God inspire you often with similar clesigns! They
will cause tl~e ruiu of all Christians, end Egypt will hove no
longer to clrend any thing from their mge.
u TVitl~otlt doubt, your priests nnnounced victories to you :
llleir predictions were false.
" Refel, yourselves to a more enlightened oracle.
LL S110111tl the llcsire of revenge nrge you to return to Egypt,
be x~surecl tile I~ouse of Lokniizn stdl remains, that the chain
is rcdy prcpnred, and the eunuch awdce."f
Great rejoicings were made sl Cairo and throughout Egypt,
* 7th May, 1240. Joinville says the Saturday nfter Ascension day.
+ The poet, in this stuuzu, alludes to the prison of St. Louis and the
eunuch who guarded him.

Cu. STIV.-The Turks wilA 19,000 mmz nllnck our mot on Ihe river
Avs~tr,but u*ithosl succcsu.
,MRANWI[ILB,a powerful Smxcen priucc, nnmctl Chysac,
urged Saladin to send scvuts into the ~hins of ILantnln, to
reconnoitre the n~ovemeuts of the Frslllts. For I I~ope,"
added he, "if I have stanch troops, to be able to cut off
the greater part of them, and to clmw tlwn iiito Lhe narrow
passes, that few of thcm shall be nl~lcto cscnpc us." By his
advice, So1,ulin ordered thirty of his priucipal ~l~nirds, each
at the head of five hunclre~l men, to occl~py the banks of tlte
rivcr Arsur. I-lere, tllerefore, tl~cy kept gunrd, to prevent
tllo Praulis from passing. On Jlondny, the morrow of the
Nativity of the Blessed Vi~gin,:~ndthe third day after the
battle before me~~tionecl, King lticlmd inarchod with his
army to the Arsur. Tlle Temjhrs wero in the rear, and
n~arched with much order and circumspection, to guard
against sndllen attaclcs of the enemy ; Lnt they reaclled
the river without opposition. The Ttirlts now, having kept
close in their atubuscnde, when the Christims cmle up, assailed
the foremost of them with their javelins and arrows,
but failing of succcss, retreated, and our men et~can~pcd tht
night on the Arsor. In tl~e morning our inhntry, who could
hardly maintain the march, ndvnnced with thc quarter-mxstcrs
to Joppn, which they fou~rd so entirely dis~nsntled, tltot
the wnly could not find lodgings in it. They tl~eldore
erlcamped in an olive-prden on the left siclc of the town,
about, three weelis after they left Acre.

' 9
1
short dist.ance from his tent. The conspirators fvllowed him,
and, finding he l~atl cloyed thc door, set fire to it. '.l'he ml~ole
army ssm wllat \vi~s ynssing ; but, as 110 WLS a pri~~ce uuiversally
detested, no one cmle for\v:~rcl in his defencc.
It wns in vain he cried from the top of tl~u ttwc~; that Ile
would abdicate his throne, a ~ return ~ d to Hui~s-l.

CN. XXV.-How oar ships broziyht us provisions from Acre to Joppa.
Tns army rcmainetl outside the walls of Joppa., and re-
frcsl~cd tl~cn~sclves with sbund:~~~ce of f~.iiits, figs, gmpes,
po~negmnates, nncl citron.?, produced by tile country rouucl :
wlwn lo! the flect of King Riclinld, with other vessels,
which wcompnnied 1.11~ nrmy and went to and fro between
Joppa nnd Acre, brought us nccesmries, much to the annoyance
of the Turlis, bec:~use they codtl not prcveut them.
CII. XXV1.-How I!31g Richard adviscd to wve Ascalon fmrn the
23w-h.who were dismanlli?y it; b7ct bv the si,~klevcozwseb 01the
French they prifewed to rrpzir to Jqp, und hdzdyed tlmnuelzcs
there ila vice and luxury.
S,\LADIN, ~nexnwltile, had destroyed the wdls of Ascalon.
This intclligcncc W:LS brought by some common soldiers, who
escnpetl, wl~ilst it w:ls in progress; but our peoplc could hardly
believe tl~nt Sdadin had done tlk in rlespuir, as if so powerful
a prince conlcl not or did not darc dcfc~~d them. To ascertain
the truth, King Ricl~nrJ, by ndvice of his noblcs, sent Geoffrey
de Lusignzn, Williaru de Staguo, and otbers, in a strong
galley to mil to Ascnlon, sucl bring back word how rr,attc:.s
stood. This comn~ission they E~ithfully clisclialged, and
reported tlist all they had ~ICDI-d was true. Icing ILicl~orrl,
therefore, and his uoLlcs now dolibemted wliether they should
march to szm Ascalon, or proceed at once to Jerusalem :
ninny opinions wcre given, and the king pvo his own, in the
presence of the duke of Eurgundy an3 otl~er,q, in thcse words:
" It seems to me," said he, " that our diticrence of opiniou
may be not only useless, but dangerous to tl~e army. The
Turks who :we dismantling Ascalon, dare not meet us in the
field. I tlrinlc we should endeavour to save Ascalon, as n
protection to the pilgrims who pass tlint way." The Frencli
violently opposed this opinion, and reco~nmended rdcr thnt
Joppn sl~ould be reskwcd, becnuso it furnished a shorter :znJ
easier route for pilgri~ns going to Jerusalem. The zcclam:~.tions
of the tnultitude seconded the opinion of the French. -,
Foolis11 ~onnsel! fntnl obslinxcy of those indolent men ! Uy
providi~~g for their i~nmediate comfort, and to avoid labour
and expense, they did wLnt they would afterwards repent of:.
for if they bad then sa~ed Ascalon from the Turks, the whole

a nnmlerlws r.nultitucle of solcliers ranged themsel\~es,,llclep
~ I Ist:xncln~.tls. Y (.)I) the nights between 'l'u~sdn~ nncl Wet.lnesrlny,
our cl-~cn~ics abnlldoned their camp with all their baggage,
ant1 ~nnrcl~ed to:\'nd:j Dan~iett;~ :in spite of the obscurity of the
night, we pursl~cd t11e111, nnd t>llirty thou..;nnd of then1 were left
(led 011 the ficltl, not including those mho precipitrted themselves
into il~c Nile. Wo have bcside sluiu our. very numerous
p~isoncrs, :mtl tl~romn their bodies into the snrne rivel.
Tl~cir lciug had rctrented to Rfiniel~: he has implored our
clc~~ienq, and me Imve gr:~ntecl 11in1 his life, a d paid hin~
all tl~e 11onours due to his ~:~nk. 'Wc Lave ~egnlnccl9 2mietta."
Tl~csr~lt:an, wit11 this letter, scnt the king's cap, .which had
Mlen in tl~c conht : it wm of scarlct, lincd nit11 n fine fur.
Tllc governor of Damascus put tlie 1tiug.s cnp on his own
1~en.c.l wl~erl 11e read to the public the sults~l's letter. A poet.
mncle tlmc wrscs on the occnsiun :
"The cnp of the French wu whiter than psper: our
sabres lmve dyed it with the Gloocl of the enemy, alitl have
chnugecl its dour."
Tlm gloomy mtl retired life the sultan led lrad irritatctl tlie
miuds of his people. He llnd no wnficlence but in a certain
numbcr of fa\rourites, wl~om Ile had brought with him from
Huns-Keifx,, and whom he 11x1 invested with the principal
ofliws of the stnte, in the roonl of the ancient niinistcrs of Ilk
Fatl~er. Above all, 11e shcmecl a dccided hatred to the Marne-
lulccs, althougl~ thy liad contributed so greatly to the last
~ictory. His dcbnuclleries exhnustecl his rcvenue ; aud, to
supply the deficiencies, he forced the sultsnn Ul~egeretEddur
to rcnclcr lliln an account of the riches of his father. The
sultnns, in alnym, implored the protection of the Mamelulies,
reprcscnting lo them the services she had clone the stnte in
very difficult times, and the ingratitude of Tournn-Chah, who
was indebted to her for the crown he wore. These slaves,
already irritated ngninst Tournn-Chah, did not 11esit::te to
trike tlie part of the sultnnn, a.nd resulved to n~~winate tho
prince. To executc tbis design, tl~ey fixed on the moment
when he was slat table; Bibnrs-'Klbondukdnri gave him the
first blow .with his sabre, and, tliough he parried it wit11 his
hand, hc lost his Rngcrs. Hc then fled to the tower wt~iclr he
had built on the baulis of the Nile, and which W:IS but a

land n~oulcl soon have been clear of theui. But the cry of tho
pcoplc prevailc~l, a collection was ~t~adc, and they i~ni~ictliatcly
bepn to rebuild the towers, and to cleu out the nioat of
Jolppa. The I L I ~ Yren~nincd there long, enjoying erne and
p1em111.e; their sins grew daily upon tllcm ; toonten cnrnc to
them from Acre, to stir up tlleir gmsions and ~nultbly tllcir
mistleeds : the whole people becme corrupted, t h zcnl of
pilgrimage waxed cold, acd all their worlcv of devotiou \iTcrc
i~eglrcted.
CII. XXVI1.-How fhpeople .retrwncd lo Acre, w7we fAey spent
their lirm IIC laurn, a~rdcuere kd back (iy Ifing Richard lo Jfq~pn,
whcrc they remained seven weeks.
ITIV38 now tl~c cncl of Scpte~nber, nncl Joppn partly rcbuilt,
when tile army, issuing from the suburbs, encnlnped
befure the fortrcss of I-1ab:~cuc; too sillall an army, nlav ! for
ninny of them llscl mithtlrnwn to Acre, wl~crc they spent
their time in the taverns. Icing EicLard, seeing tlleir irllcmess
nud debaachery, seut Icing Guy to bring them back to
the arnly at Joppa, hut wry few of them returned, an3 Iiing
Ricl~ard was obliged Itiniself to sail to Joppn, whore lie urgcd
tl~cru by exhortations of their duty as pilgrims, and by tlwa
mcms iucluced many of t11et11 to return tu Joppa. Ilo cdso
co~tducted back with him tlic qucens and tlicir Sc~nales. They
now ~*en~eined seven weeks at Jopp:~, to :tsc~nLle ant1 nial;c
rently tl~e army, so that wbcn thy canle togetlm, they formcd
a m1d1 more nunicrous and eficient body than before.
CH. XXVIIL-How King Richard wnt md rcaatI.ui.~edZywill only a
onnll escort, axd ,would have bcm taken by the Tur.b, y JVi:linirr de
Pralellcs had not prclmdcd lo bc the king, and so 8ecumd Richnrd's
escape.
Anou~this time Icing Richard went out I~nwliing wit11 s
snd escort, end iiikndiilg,if he saw any stun11 body of Turks, -to
fall upon tl~etii. Fatigued with his ride, he fell aqlocp,
nnd :I Lo(ly of Turks rushed suddenly upon him to i~iake him
prisouer. Tlle king, awakened at the noise, 11dbartlly tinie
to lnount his bay Cyprinn horse, nnd his nttcndmts wero still
getting on their l~orses ;~lso, when the Turks came upon tltem
:md tried to take 11im ; bat the king, drawing his sword,

i
'
mense in horses, mulcs, tents, and other riches. There were
but one luindrcd shin on the side of the Mussulinen. The
hh:wite slaves, under the co~nn~and of Bib:m Elbo~iduI.;dari,
performed in this battle signal acts of valoiir. Tl~e king of
Fr:~ncehad retired, with a few of his lords, to a sinall hillocli,
and surrendered Iiimself, under prornise of his life Lcing
spared, I;u tl~c eunuch D.jemncldelin Mnlmn-Elsnlihi : he was
bound wif.11 a chait~, and in this state conducted to M;~nsou~a,
wllere 110 was confined in the house of 1br:~him-ben Lolmnn,
secrchry to the sultan, a d under the guard of the eunuch
Sold. The king's Lrutlier was made prisoner at the snnic
time, and cnrried to the same house. The su1t;rli provided
for their subsistence.
The number of slaves was so great, it uVnsen~bsrmssing,
and the sultan pvc ordcrs to Seifeddin-J'onsef-ben-tsrdi to
put thcm to death. Every night this cruel minister of the
vengeance of Iris mnster hnd from three t,u four hundred of
thc prisoners brouglit from their placcs of confine~nent, and,
after he I~ad cnu?r:d them to be beheaded, their bodies were
thrown into the Nile ; in this runnner perished one hundred
thouennd of the Frencl~.
The solhn depnrtccl from l\fansoura, and went to Fariskour,
where he had pitched a most magnificent tent.. Iie hd also
built 3, tower of wood over the Nile ; and, being freed from
a disagreeable war, he there gave himself up to all sorts of
debauchery.
7'be victory lie had just gained was so brilliant that Ile was
engcr to n~alce all u,ho were subjectecl to him acqunintecl with
it. I-le wrote with his own hand n letter in the following
tern~s, to the emir Djemal-Edden-ben-Jagnlour,governor of
Da~nmcus:
" Thanlrs be given to the All-pouvxful, who has cl~anged
our grief to joy : it is to him alone we ow the victory.
The favours 11e 11ns condescended to shower upon us are innu~~~erablc,
but this lest is most precious. You will announce
to the people of D:~mascus, or rather to all Mussulnien, that
God 113s enabled us to grin a complete victory over the Christians,
at the ~noment they h:~d conspired our ruin.
" On Monday, the first day of this year, we opened our
treuury, and distributed riches and arms to our faithful SOL
diers. We l~sd called to our succour the Arabian tribes, and

isl~ecl upon them, and they, pretending flight, drew 11imafter
tllem to a place wl~cre tl~erc w;ls xnutl~cr body of' 'J'i~rfs in
mnl~isl~. Tl~cse started up with speed and surrounded the
kiug to 111akc llinl prisoner. The Iring defended l~in~self
bmvely, and tho enemy drew back, tllougb he would still have
bccn cc~ptured if the TIITI~S had lir~o\vn who he ws. But in
the midst of the conflict ouc of the kir~g's companious,
Willixn de Pratellcs, cdlecl out in the Samceniclang~~agc, hat
he was the "melecl~,"i. c. tlre Icing ; and the Turks, believing
; mint 11e wid, led him off czptive to their own arnly. In
this sltirnrish mere slain Regnier tlc M'larum, a brave Iini~ht,
but nlmost unzr~n~d, his ncpl~em Walter, and A1:~n ant1 Luke
rlu Stable. At the nems of this action ow army was alarnlcd,
and seizing their arms, came at full pllop to find the Iring,
and when they met him rctnrning safe, 11e faced ahnut and
wit11 then1 p~~rsu~d the Turks, who I d carlied off William
de Prntelles, thinking they Iml ,got thc Iiing. They could
not, Iiowever, overta1;e the fi~gitives, nnrl King Richarcl, reserved
hy the divine hand for pester things, returned to the
camp, to the great joy of 11is solcliurs, wl~o tl~anked God for
his preservation, but grieved for \Villixm de Pmtclles, mlio
loyally redeemed the king at the price of his own liberty.
Smne of tho king's friends now rcproued him for his temerity,
:lad entreated him not to wander :tbroncl done, nntl cxpose
11i111self to be taken by the an~busc:~tles of tlle Turks, who
mere especially eager to mdie 11im prisoner; but on all occasions
to take with him some bmse soldiers, and not to trust
to his ovn strength against such numbers. But., notwithstsncling
these wlmonitio~~s on thc part of his best friends, the
king's nature still broke out ; in a11 cs]icclitio~~s he mas the
first to advance, and the last to retreat, and he never failed,
citl~crby his own valour or the divhe aid, to bring back
numbers of captives, or if they rlesistecl, to put t11er11 to the
sword.
Cn. XXIX.-ETin.9 Richad and his m-my rebuild ll~e forls of Pkms
and iVIarn, and rye2 llic Yh-ks who attack them.
T~Earmy see~ned now by rest to lime recovered their
vigour, and a royal orclcr was issuccl for them to nm.ch and
rebuild the fortress of Plans, which was necessary for the

en.gaged, other bonts left M:~nsonra fillet1 with soltliers, and
fell 011 the rear of the French. It wns in vain they sougllt to
escnpe by flight: a tl~ousa~rcl Christians wcrc killed or lna~c
prisoners.
In tI~is defeat, fifty-two of tlreir honk laden with provision
meye taken, and their comn~unicntion witb Ilaniietta by tile
navigation of the Nile was: cut off; $0 h t within a short time ,
the whole army suffcred the most tcrriblc famine. Tl~cMasyul~nen
surronndecl them on :~11 sides, and tlrey could neither
ad vnnce nor retreat.
On the 1st of tho moon Zihig6 (Mnrch '73, the Frencl~ surprised
seven bonts ; but the troops on bomd had tl~c good fortune
to escapc. In spite of the supei~iority of the Egyptians on
the Nile, they attempted to bring up anuther convoy from Darnietto,
b ~ they t lost it : thirty-two of their bol~ts were t:~ken
and carried to M,znsoura, on the 9th of tlie saluc moon.
This new loss fillccl the mecwre of tlieir woes, and caused
them to propose a truce nncl send ambassadors to treat of it I
with the sultan. The emir Zeineddiu and tl~e cadi 13tdreddiu
were ordcred to meet and confer with them, when the
French otfered to surrencler Damietta, on coudition that
Jerusalem, end some other plnceu in Syrin, should be given in
exchange For it. This proposal was rejected, and the conferences
broken up.
On Friday, tlre 27th of the moon ZilhijB (April I), the
French set fire to a11 tlreir machines of war and timber for
br~il~ling, and rcnclered almost all thcir bonts unfit for use.
During the night of Toasday," the 3rd day of the moon
Malresem (April 5), in tho ycnr of tlre Ilegira 648, the
wl~olc of the French army decamped, and took the rond
to Damietta. Sonw boats wl~icl~ they lrnd rcsarved Jell clown
the Nile at the sane time. The Mussul~nen I~aving, at break
of dt~y of the Wednesd:~y, perceived the retreat of the French,
pursued and attacked tllern.
The heat of the conibnt was at Fnrislrour. The French
were defeated and put to flight: ten thousand of their men
fell on the field of battle, some say thirty tlrousn~ld. Upwards
of one bondred tllousand Ilorscmen, infantry, tradespe~q.Ae,
and otl~ers, were rrde sl:rves. The booty w ~ 3im­
* Joinville dates this evcnt on the T~estlay evening after the octave of
Enstcr.

slfety of the pilglirns who pnsscd tllat way. Tl~eIcing t1.1er.eforc
left a garrison in ,Jupp, with ordcrs that none sl~ould
Lave it besides mcrcl~an ts bringing provisions. The car0 of
the town nzns clepr~tetl to the bishop of Evrc~~x, thc couut of
Chnlons, I-lngh Ribole, nntl others. On Wednesday, the
fcut of All Saints, IGug Richard wns riding in thc plains of
liamulq aud seeing by cbauce some Turlcish scouts, 11c
attacked tl~em bravely, and put tl1er11 all to the rout, slaying
some of them, and cutting 08 tlle head of a noble
Turkish atlmiral : the rcst took to flight. The ncxt day wm
the eve of A11 Snints, sucl the sr~~y, after n short march,
encamped between the forts of Plans and hlne~~. Tllc Turkish
arlny wns then at Ran~ula, wllence they frequently sdlied to
sthk US. The army remained fifteen days or more where
thy mcrc, during wl~ich time the king rcpnircd the fort of
B'lnen, znd the Templars rebuilt the fort of Plans, notwith-
standing the attacks of the Turks, who one day assailcd then]
with an immense multitude of foot and a thousand czvalry
; but the king mounting hie horsc in haste, and the
wide arnly being roused, the Turlcs fled, losing twenty in
slain, and sixteen taken prisoners. All thc king's attempts to
o-rerhke the others were ineffectual; he pursued them till he
came in sight of Ramula, and then led back his troops tu the
camp.
CH. XXX-OJlAe wondmful victory of h%g Richard and his men, in
defmding their men-at-am who wercjoraging.
ON tllc sixth day after the feast of All Saints, namely, on
the day of St. Leonard's, the esquires end men-at-am~s went
out to get fodder for thcir horses and beasts of burthcn. The
Templnrs wcre guarding the esquires wbilst they dispersed
to fiud frcsh herboge, o duty wl~ich sometimes cost tl~cm dew,
when they wtcd mithont much caution. Whilst the Templars
wcre thus engaged, about fonr thousand Turkish cavalry
rushed upon them from Bombrx, in four divisions, and in ail
inshnt the Templzrs were surrounded by a inultituclc of
Turks, wl~ich w3s continually increasing. Acting with
promptitude aceorcling to the emergency, they dismounted,
and, standing back to baclc with their faces to the enemy,
defended tlle~nsclves bravely. Three of them were slain in a
moment, but they still fought brawly, nntl a ficrce conflict

ElEG. G4S.1 AnADIAii ACCOUNT OF TnE CRUSADE.
540
fortune. This 111c1:rncholy event had crcated n. gcncrnl consternation
in tl~c to\v~i, whicl~ the ruuarra,y,s II:L~ :~ngmentccI,
aud the gates of wcre kept opcn all the night to
receive tl~e~n. A scco~~cl pigon bearing the news of the vicovcr
tl~c Prcncl~, hntl restored tranqnillity to the capit,al.
Joy s~~ccccdcdsorrow ; ancl each co11grat111:~tcdtl~c otl~er
011 this happy turn of alfkirs, n ~ ~ public: d rcjoiciugs wcre
madc.
Wlml Touran-Chnh 11cad of the death of his fatl~cr,
Nec!jt~~-Etlclin, 11e set out from Huns-Keifa:' It was the
I.jth of the 1110o1i X:LIIE~(~:L~ when 11e clel)a~ted, aikndetl by
only fifty 11orsenic11, :~nd 11e arrived st Uan~nscus toward the
end of that nioou. Aftcr recciving tl~e l~on~ngc of all the
governors of the towns in Syria, he set out on a Wedncsclny,
the 27111 day of thc! nloon C!hemal, and tool; the rond to
Egypt. The news of his nrrivnl raised the courage of the
Mussulrnen. The dcntl~ of Nedjm-Ecldir~ 11ad not yet becn
publicly announced : the service of the sultm \VM J)c~.for~lled
as us~lal: his officers prepared his tnble as if he l~acl
been alive, ant1 every order wns given in his name. Tho
sultana govcrned tl~c Iiii~gdon~, ancl found, in 11cr own ~nind,
resoorces for all. The moment she Itenrtl of ToLI~~I~.-CII~II'S
arrival, she waitetl on I~ii-11, an11 laid aside the sovereign command,
to invcst him witli it. This prince was ~IIS~OUSto
appear at the head of l~is troops, nncl set out fur Mnnsoura,
where he arrived on the .jlh of the moon Zilbw16 (Peb. 8).
Boats sent I'ro~n nnmictta brougl~t n.11 sorts of provision to
the French c~ii~p, and kept it abundantly supyliod. The
Nile w,zs now at its greatest height.+ Touran-Chah cau~ied
many boats to be built, wl~icb, when taken to pieces lie placed
?
on tllc bilclts of ca.n~els, and hscl tllem thus carrled to the
canal of ;\1611d&, when they were put togctl~cr apin, launched
on tl~c canid, :~nd filled with troops for :ln an~buscnde.
As soon 3s the Preucll Aeet of boats appeared at the mouth
of the canal of MBl~ale, the Mussulmen quittecl tl~eir hidingplace,
and ntt;xclal them. While the two fleets were
* A town of Diarbekir. on the banks of the Tieris.
$ How could Malwisi snv the Nile was at itsucreatest heieht when it
w& only the 8th of ~i:bl-uab! and this river is never in ihatitnte but in
the rnor~tl~ of September. The date is exact, nnd ncyees with Joinville,
who notices this same event I~apj~ening on the Shrove-Tuesday.

I
cnsned, as tl~cTurlts assailed tllem wit11 tl~c utmost ficrccness,
and trid to take them all prisoners. On n sudden, ~cws of
wllnt wxs going on 11sving been conveyed to the camp, .hidrew
de Clln~ngui galloped ul, to the rescue with fifteen knigllts in
his train, nucl, ntt:~el;iug the Turks, liberated tl~e Tcnlplnrs
from their dangerous position. Andrew bore Iiirnself like
Lime knight on tlrst day, as well as his compauions bore witness
: but the Turks were contintdly receiving reinforcements,
and sometinies attncltecl, sometin~es retreatctl, and the bnttlc
still rngcd, uutil King Ricllard, who 'wns busy in rcl)uildi~~,g
Maen, llenrd of the tuinnlt, and sent tlie count cle St. Paul and
the earl of Leicester to ssist the Ternplars. With them, also,
went William de Cagen and Otho cle Prnnsinges, and the
party soon l~card the c~ies of tlie men-at-arms for assistance.
r
1 7
lien the Icing, exhorting the counts to get ready, seized his
arnls, and followed them as fast ns: lie was able. As the
connts wcre gnllopiug on~vards, abont four tl~ouaaud Turks
sp~mgup in four Lotlics, from the ncigl~bou~~l~ood of (I certain
river, nnrl lmlf of tl~eln a.tta.cl;ed the Ten~plars, wldst the
others a,ssailed tl~e two counts. The count of St. Paul then
III;I~~ an unworthy proposition to the earl of Leiccster, tlmt
o~~ly ow of t.11~11~ sl~oulcl fight with the enemy, vl~ilst the
otl~er sl~oulcl stand by to asist wl~enevcr it n~igl~t be neceuanry.
The earl of Leiwster chose to attack tile enemy, not
liking to stand by and do nothing. He nt once, tl~ercforc,
clrm.gec1 the enemy, and resc~~ed from tl~cir Ilnntls two of our
~ncnwhom they had msrle prisoners, and by 11is whievements
or] tl~:~t. dny acldccl greatly to 11is fornler reputation. The con-
llict was mging ficrcely w11en the king came up, and as his
rctinuc was rcry sn1:~11, sonlc of his ~nen said to him, &' My
lord, we do ]lot think it prudent or possible, with our sndl
lmdy, to resist this grcnt rnultitwle, nor shnll we be able to
snve our men who are fiKhting wit.11 the Tnlb It is better
to let tllc~n perish, than to exptse your person and all
Chrieto~i~lom to certnin tlnnpr, al~il~t we lime tllc power
of c:-~i~ping." Tl~e king cl~n~rpxl colm~r with indignation at
theso wo~tls. "What !" saitl he, "if 1neglect to nicl my hen
wl~on~ I acnt forvnrd with a pron~iso to follow tl~en~, 1 sllnll
never again c1cse1.1.e to bc adled a kir~g." I-Ie micl no more,
hut sl)uuin;r his Iiorsc?, cli~sl~c~l into tl~c nlidrlle of the Turks,
overtl~rowing them ou both sidcs of 11ir11, irnd br~udishing his

On thc Friday, seventy prisoners were conducted to
Cairo, nlnotlg ~shon~ mcre tho lortls of r:~nk. On tlle 22"d
of the s:me moon, a l:~.rge boat belonging to the FxencIl took
firo, wl~icl~was considered as a fortunate oulen for tlLe
Mussnlmen.
Some traitors Inviug shewn the ford ovcr h canal of
Acl~moun~to tl~e French, fourteen hondrctl cnvnlicrs cro:scd
it, and fcll u~~csl)cctcdly on tho cnmp of tltc 31 ussuln~en, on a
Tuesday, tlm 15th day of the moon Zilltnlde (Feb. S), l~aving
at their head the brother of the ltiug of France. T11e emir
Fali~wldinw:u at the time in the I~:l,tlr : IIC irishntly q~~ittcd
it with precjpitntion, and n~ounted a I~oxse witllout s;zcIclle or
bridle, followed oidy by some sl;~vcs. 'I'l~c cncmy attacked
him on all sicles,, but his slavr-3, lilx corvards, i~bsndonetl him
whcn in tl~c midst of the lhmcl~; it nTmin \.nil1 he atten~ptad
to tlcfencl liimself ; Le fell pierced with wou~~cls. 'Hie l:ret~cl~,
aftrr the dent11 of Fnlrreclclill, wtrcnted to DjdcIilB; b11t their
whole cavalry atlvsnccd to M:~nsoui3, and, 11:lving forccd one
of the pntes, cntcred the town: the Mussdn1e11 He4 to the
rigl~t nntl left. The king of Fwnce I1:d n1rc:uly penetrnted
ns far as the sultan's place, and victory ~ce~ncd rcody to
declare for him, when tile Dahnrite slaves, lecl by Eiba~s,advanced,
and snatched it from his Irancls : their cli:~~p was eo
furious that tile F~wch werc obliged 111 rctrcat. The F'renoh
infnntry, d~vi~~g this time, I d advanced to cross the bridge;
li:~tl they been ablc to join their cavalry, 111~: defeat of the
Egyptian army, and the loss of tho town of M:inso~~ra, would
II~ZVCbeen incvihble.
Kipl~t sc>pnmtcd the combatants, w!len the F1.c.nc11 retreated
in disorder to L)jBclili:, nftur leaving fil'tecu Iluntlrerl of their
incn on the fielcl. Thy surrounded tllcir cmnp with n, ditch
and w:dl, bnt tl~cir army was divitledB into two corps: the
least considcmble body wm enccampcd on the brsncl~ of the
Acl~moum,: L I ~tl~c 1;~rger on t11egre:lt brsnch of the Nile that
runs to D~n~iettn.
A pigcon Ilnd been let loose to fly to C]a.iro-t the instnnt
tl~c Frencl~ lid su~priscd tile camp of It'nkiwldin, having a
note 1111t1er its wing, to inform the inl:al)itoitts of this mis-
* Joinville spedis of n camp separnte from tlral of the king, commtmded
by the count of Burgundy.
.). This custom is very nncient in the East.

sword, carved his may to nnd fro nnloiig the tl~ickcst ranks,
slnyi112 and maiming every oue IIC came rlexr. A.mnnx,.st
oil~ers, he slew a 'l'url;isl~ al~~~iral, nan~ecl A~.;~Icl~nis, WIIOI~I
cl~nucc tln.c~v in his way. In short, U I ~ene1rty were put to
tlie svortl or took to Right, nnd our llierl returncd wit11 soveld
p~isoi~ers to the calnp. Tl~isucccss was gailletl withunt ;my
Lclp fro~n tho Drench. The sanlc il:%ythee TUI~S, fro~n fear
of clcath perllnps, reuounced their supelstitions, and c~nlracin~
Cl~riutiauit~, submitted to Icing Richard.
CH. SXSI .-How Saludiz nmuscrl Iiiny Riclrard by fnlse p.omiscs, a d
thereby gained time to dcrtroy cnlain j'oheuscs.
TITEtwo castles before mentioned were 11ow p:l~tly 1.estored,
and King Ricl~nrd, perceiving that his troop liot only
hzted tlle Turks, but Ilnd less fcm of tllcrn tllnl~ Irc!;~lr, I)cmuse
they 11nd alwny3, with Oocl's Ilcllr, dcfcnhl tliclu, CWII
when superior in nunlbcrs, now seirt a clistii~g~~isl~cd c:nbnwy
to Sxlnrlin arid SnpJ1:ldin his brotller, to clen~nnal the snrrcritlcr
of the Bin,oclon) of Syria, with nll tht belongcd to it, such n.s
the leprous king 11dlast possessed it. 111: den~ancle(l :&Is0
tribute froin B:~bylon, as tlie kings: his ~n.c~lwrs:wl*s, lind
receivcd it, toget,ller with 311 the privilegm and ~IIICH wl~icl~
Ilad at nny time before belongc:cd to the l;i~~gdo~n of ,Jcrus:~l.c~n.
The ambnss.ztlors unIoldcd their mssnge 1)cforc S:Jstlir~, who
wonld not, howevcr, acquiesce ill tl~e dcni:rnd. " \-our- Iiing,"
mid he, "mal;cu an u~~l~casondh claim, nncl we cnnnot, will1
reg~rd to the I~o~io~ir of Pagnnisiii, conscnt to it ; but I will
oft'er to yaw Iiing, th~ough my brotllcr Sapl~ntlin, to giw lip to
him the wllole Ia~d of Jcrusnlem, from Jor0n.n to thc :ca, witljout
tribute or Ilincle~ancc, on cotditior~ tht the city of ilscnlon
shall uever be reLuilt, cit.hcr I)y the Clnistinns or the S;lr;~ccns.
When Snl.)lt:~clin anle with this nicss:~go to the king, Richard,
who h:~d just beell bled, would nul converse with l~irn on thnt
dny ; but Stepl~en de Tornehnin, by the Iring's order, su1)pliecl
11i1n with every kind of delicacy for his table, and entcrt:unccl
l~iin in tho valley biltnwn the cnstlcs of the Tcrnple a~ul of
Jel~bsl~npl~nt,. Thc 11cst day Sapl~aclin sent n, present of scvcn J
cnnlels and n rich teut, and conling into thtt Itii~g's p~~ceci~ce,
delivered B;clndinPs messnge ;upon wliic11 Bicl~nd, cou.ridct.in,:
the disturbnnces znd uncertainties of war, clcterruined to Imvc
pntienco for a time, that he niigl~t the bcttcr make provi-

'
IIEG. 647.1 ARABIAN ACCOUNT OF TF~ECRUS.4DB. 54.7
differe~lt corps of troops of each army. This, I~owcver, did
not wev vent tlm Fre11c11 nrniy from ellcamping at Cllauneuah :
the Monday followillg, being the 7th of the mne moon, the
army :jdvanced to Bcnnoun.
On Sund:~y,the 18th day of the same moon, the Cllristinn
army a.pl)enred beforo the town of Mmsourn; the branch
of thc Aclrn~ouni was betwccn it and tlle Egyptian mmp.
Nmir Dnond, prince of liarak, wns on the western bank of
tl~cNile with some troops. The French tmced out their camp,
snrrountiing it with a deep ditcl~ surmounted by s palimdo,
and erectetl mncl~i~res to cast c;toned at tlle Egypti:~~~ army.
Tl~eir fleet arrived at the same time; so that there were engagements
on water nucl on lancl.
On Wednesday, the 1.5~11 d:ly of the same moon, six
deserters passecl over to the camp of the Nussulmen, and
infornlecl them that the French army was in want of p~ovision.
The day of Bairnm,' a pent lord, and re1:~tion to tlle kilrg
of Prance, wnu nide p~isoner. Not a day p~neserl witJiout
sliirnlisl~es on both sides, and wit11 nlternntc success. The
Mussulmen mere psrticulnrly anxious to nmlx prisoners, to
gain inforn~ation as to the stn.te of the eneniy's ~IT~IY, and used
all sorts of strntagems for tl~is purpose. A soldier fron~ Cniro
betlloug'llt himself of putting his l~cnd withinside of a. watermelon,
the intcrior of wllich he llnd scoopd out, and of tl1~1.s
swilmning tow:~rd I,he French ctunp ; a Cllristinn soldier, not
snspwti~~g n trick, Icnpetl into the Nile to seize the ~nelon;
but the Egyptian was o stout swim~l~er, and c.nt011iug 1101d of
him, c1l:ygecl him to his ge11crnl.l'
On JVetlncscl:i,y, tho 7th day of the moon Chcwnl (Jan.
12, 1250), the Mussulmcn cnptnred a large bont, in wl~icli
were o buntlrerl soldiers, conimnndcrl by an officer of distinctio~~.On
Thursda.y, the lljtll of thc wme Inoon, tho
li'reucll ~rlarcl~ed out ot their canlp, and tlicir cavalry began
to IIIO\~C. Tho tri101~ wcsc o~dcrcdtO file OK, when a sl~ght
skirmisl~ tool; pl:~co, :LIIC~ the French lcft on the field forty
cavnliers with their horses.
* The grand Bairnm, the 1st day of the moon Cliewnl, was on Thiirsduy,
Gtb January, 1250.
f The Egyptiilns are, at Lbis tlny, perfcct srri~nmers,and tbry exhibit
estraordiuary sl)eaunens of lbcir 11rtin this line.

sion for tho futurc : but, alns ! Jle shewed too little prudence
in not foreseeiny the deceit with wl~ich tliey sougl~t to protract
the tin~e udtil tlic cities, cnstlcs, and fortresses of tliat
cwntry were destroyed. In short, Sapllndin so cunningly
lrrguilrtl the too crcrlnlous king, tllat onc would have tlrougl~t
they lml contracted a mutual familiarity; for tlie king
receivcd Sapl~adi~is gifts, and messengers were daily pnesing
with ~rcxnts to the king, niucli to the annoyance of his
fricncls, who blnmctl lri~n for contracling flhndsbip with the
Gentiles. But Saph~clin p!eaded that lie wished to ninlta
pvxe betwecn them, and the king thought he was :~dopting n.
wise p~l~cy, by which the bounds of' Christianity moultl be
cnl:~rgcd, and a creditable pcace concludecl, particularly since
the departure of tl~e French king, from whom he fenred
trcncl~ery, for hc had always found Iiis frientlsl~ip hollow n ~ ~ d
dcccitful. Tirhon, Ilowever, the king discovered that the
pro~niscu of Snl~l~;tdin were mere words, and lilrely to produce
no rcsnlt, particularly in tlie matter of Fort Emch of Mol~nt
Roynl, of wl~icl~, according to the unclerstootl conditions, the
Icing tlemancled the demolition, but the T~ults would not
conscnt to it, he at once broke off tlie negotiations. Tl~is
failwe of the treaty becoming known, the enemy were soon
apin to be seen on our flanks, and King Ricllard was spin
in the field to meet them; and by wny of wipiug out the former
chmges wl~icl~ l~ad been made against him, he bronght
every day nu~nbers of Turld~ heads, to prove that his zed
had not slackenecl in the cmse of C11risti:~nity. The difficulties
tllrowu in his way, and accusations nintle aqninst !iim, 11acl
ariscn from those who souglrt to obtain his Innney; for it is
rnrc to find persons not actuated by the desire of pin.
Clr. X:

mllecl from bcin,~
.q
uartered in the castle which this prince
11nd built in tllc ~slnnd of Randall, opposite to cairo.
'Il'his aditin, in course of time, scizctl on the throne of pypt.
As soon xs the sultan liad ell)irccl, the sultm~:~ Cllegeret-
Etltlnr, his spouse, sent for the gonerd Fnlcrcddin anql tile
ennucl~ L)irwnleddi~~, to inform them of the clcntll of tile sultan,
and to request their :~ssistance in suj~portiny tllc weigllt
of govwn111ent nt sucli a criLicnl period. All tlwse resnlvecl
to keep the sultan's tlcntl~ a secrct, and to act in his n:ulle
if he were alive. His cleatll wns not bo be made public until
after the arrival of Touran-Cllal~, to whom were scut Incssengers
after nlcssengers.
NotwitLstancling these precnutions, the French were infor~ned
of his death. Their army intshutly quitted the l~lnins
of I)nuliett.z, and encnniped at Fxisko~~r~ Boats lden wit11
provision and stores came up tbe Nile, and kept the army
ahnclantly supplied.
The emir Falcreddin sent a letter to Cairo, to inform the
in:~abitants of the approach of the Pre~~cl~, and to cxhort
them to sacrifice their livcs and fortunes in the clefcnec of the
country. This 1ct.ter was red in the pulpit of the great
mosque, and the people answercd only with sighs and gnans.
Every thing was in troublc and confusion ; and the cle:rtlr of
the sultan, wliich WIS suspected, i~1Jedto the consternation.
The must cowa~.dl~ tl~ought of quitting a town wLicli they
belicvcd unable to witlistzncl the Frencl~; but thc Illore
coumgeons, on the contrary, marched to Monsourn, to join
the Mnusnl~nnn army.
On Tuesday, tl~c 1st day of the moon Ramadan (Dcc. 7,
a.D. 1!!40), there wcre solne trifliug s1;irnlishes between
occupied his place, but reigned only two years. IChotouz succeeded him.
Biburs-Elbond~~kdwi, the same who, at the Lead of the Mamelukcs,
charged the Prrnch cavalry wit11 such fury as forced them to abundon
Mansnura, ascended this throne the G5Ytli scar of the Hegira, and of
our Era 1289, ;nud took the nume of Mtlilcul-Duller. Al'ter a glorious
reign of sevenrren yenrs, he died at Duninscus. This dpnnsty re~gned in
Egypt and Syriu during one hundred and thirty-sis years, nnd hat1 twenlysnven
sultms. The Mumelukes-Uiihurites were originnlly TIII.~

254 ITINERARY OF RIC~ARDI. [n. IV.c. 23.
waiting for rcinfo~~ccnicnts and provisions. Tl~erc also we cndured
sevcre nttncls from the encmy, and the heavy rains drove
the Icing of .Fe~~us:rlcni and oar people to rcniove into St. Ccorge
n.nd Rsmuln: the count of St. Paul went to tl~c Castle of
the I):) ths. We stopped in Ra~nul:~ scven wcelcs, not however in
case, for wc had a rongh beginning, tl~ongh it was aftcrmmtls
n~nclc nrncntls for by a more plex:~nt tcminntion. The Turks
woulcl not nllow us the least rcpuse, but continually attacl;ecl
us with their ,javelins. On tlle eve of St. Tl~ornns tl~e Apostlc,
King Iticl~ard llacl ,sallictl fort11 wit11 n smnll rcti~~ue tow~rtls3
fort called Wl~itccastle, on some enterprise against the Turks,
but foreboding something wrong, by inspiration nu is tl~ouglrt
from I~cnven, 11e returned to the camp. The same hour 11e was
told that Salnclin I d a little hcforc sent a body of thrce hondred
of his choicest troops to Wliitccnstle, whcre Richard was
going. The same day also King Guy wcnt to Acre, wlritl~er
he was followed thc next day by Stephen de Tor11e11:~ln.
In the midclle of the night of the Holy Innocents, tho Haspitallcrs
nnd Templms lcft lhe camp, and returned in the
morning with two hunclreJ oxen, wliich thy had driven off
from the mountains near Jerusslem.
CH. SSSII1.-Of lire glorious victoy ynined by the curl of Lcicrster
ayaaul llrc Turks, when our men nt lat canrc to Iris assislance.
Trm noblc earl of Leicester, onc (by, followed by a fcw
men only, endeavoured to drivc off a large body of T~~rlcs
who werc passing by with much arrogance and boasting.
The enemy Ned with precipitation, and wcre followed by tllrce
of tl~c smiftcst lcnights in the earl's train : by this nut of
imprudence tllcy placed tliemselvcs in the power of the Tu~ks,
who turned back and maclc them prisoners. The earl, seeing
this, spurred his horse and rode into the miclst of more t1i:~n a
I~undrccl Turks, to resciie the Icnigl~ts. His nlcn, following
him, pursncd the enemy over a river, when n frcsl~ forcc
of a1)out five hunclred Turkisli cavalry charged t11cn1 with
bows and lances of rced, and cutting ofl' the rctreat of the end
ant1 his snlnll party, essnycd to mnkc him prisoner. Alrenlly
was Chin Pitz-Gerald dismounted and severely beatcn with
the iron maces. A ficrce struggle took place. Drogo de Fontcnillc
Pntrell and Robert Nigcl werc unl~olsecl, and the Turlca
nieda snch exertions to scize the earl tint at lnst tllcy slrucli

REG. 64'7.1 ARABIAN ACCDIlNT OD TTIP CRUSADE.
..
546
to Cairo ; they had Iselongcd to the guwd of the camp n,cpir~st
the inrunds of the Ainhs, among wl~o~n were two laigl~ts.
.[lie 5th of the same moon, thirty-seven were sent tlli~her;
on the 'ith, twenty-two; and on the 10tl1, forty-five otlm
prisoners ;and amnng theso last were three liuights.
Diffclmt Christinn princcs, who held lands on the eonst of
Syri4 11ad acco~q~:~~~iccl he French, by w11icll li~eir plnces
a were wcalrened. The iu11alit:mts of Dnmssc~~s scized this
opportunity to besiege Sidon, which, after some rcsishme,
. wm forced to surrender. The news of this, when carried
to Cairo, CSUYCI~an excess of joy, and secnictl to co~~~pcnsate
for tl~cLoss of Damietta. Prisoners wcrc mde n1nw:jt clnily
from the French, fifty of whom mew scnt to Cairo the 19th
of the moon L)ie~nazilewel(Aug. 20, A.D. 12-19).
The snlt;~.~~ continued dnily to grow worsc in henltl~; and
the phy.;icisns despaired of his rccovcry, for ho mn,~:lttscl

'
A.D. 1191.1 VIcToRY OF TIIE EARL OP LEICESTGI?. 255
him also from his Lorsc, nncl aln~ost clromncd I~im in the viwr.
But the c:wl defcntlcd himsell blxvcly, and tlcnlt 11is blows
on evcry side of him, scconded by Bcnry Fitz-Nicholas and the
brave Rol~ert de Newbury, wl~osc generosity has gained for
1ii1n imniortnl renown ; for, sccing the car1 Iin,rtl prc~:il'~I, in
tl~e midst of his enemies, and engnyecl ill a cIoul)tf111 coi~tcst,
hc gave his own Iiorsc to the earl, whose snlety Ile ~lcclned
more important tlmn his own. Few I fcnr will bc lcc!
by his example to do the like, though cvil dccrls havc nn
nbnndance of imitators. In this niar~ncr Rol~ert by his noble
deecl sn.ved the earl's life and dicl not lose his own. ncsi~les
tl~esc, tlicre were with the earl Cuunt Ralpll of St. Mnry'e,
Arn:~Id du Boi.~, I-Icnry dc Blailoc, Willisn~ and Saul cle
Bruil ; but what wcre they among so many? IIomever,
they defcnded themselves bravcly; but the vdour of so few
could (lo little agninst such nun~lms, and as fresh Turlx continually
c:mc up, thcy werc nn:hlc to light any more, but
l~olding by tl~c necks or tlicir llorscs, bore unmoved the blows
wllicl~ fell upon them. Thus, ns if lost to fccling, tl~cy were
led off prisoners towards Darurn. But bow good is it to trust
in the Lord, who docs not suffer ally one to be tc~npted beyond
what he can bear ! Our army llad he~zrd of tl~c skirmish,
and, seizing their arm, were alrcntly on the spot : thcy assail,
vanqni~h, and rout, the Turlrs. Andrew cle Chamg~i, IIcury
de Grxy, Peter de Prntelles, and other brmc men, kill each
liis Inan, the first that came in their \V:LY. The Turk whom
Pctcr cle Prntelles and his conlpnnion encountered, wns so
powerful that thy could not take him p:.ismer, a d lintl
muoh trouble to varlquisli and slay him. Andrew de Chalugui
. also IYIII an admiral througl~ the bo~ly wit11 his lance; and he
fell, never to lad his men to battle ~rlorc ; but, ere lie fell, liad
pierced Andrew's arm with his lance of cane. The Turks,
roused by his fall, rushed to save him, but it mns all over mith
him, and the infidels turned their rage and thcir stcel-tipped
canes agni~~st the Christians. They would, evcn IIOW, have
gained the day, if our meu liad not bccn reinforced from tho
camp. Tl~e battle raged fiercely : the earl was at one time
attacked by t.he enemy, st auotller usailing them in turn ;
with onc blow he cut on' their I~e:uls, so tl~nt a seconcl strolccr
ma.s unnecessary. Two horses were shin under him, and
may Le truly mid of him, that SO small a lnan never per­

a!hirs, overwltelrned the Egyptians with despair. No one
longcr doubtccl but that tlte kingdom would be conquered by
t,he Cl~ristiims.
Tho snltan, indignant at tlre cowardice of the gsrrison,
ordcrccl fift,y of the pri~~cipnl oficcrs to be stwngletl. In vain
did thcy nllcge ill their dcfence the retreat of Ll~e PaBreddill
: t11c sulkm to111 tllcn~ thy deserved death, ror h:lving
quittcd Damietta without his orders. Onc of these oficers,
condemned to dent11 with his son, rcquestcd to be executed
first; but the sdhn refused him this f:~vour, and the fa',her
hd the niiscry to sec his son expire beforc his cycs.
After this esccl~tion, the sultan, turning to the emir F&reddin,
asked with nn enwgcd tune, "What resistance Irn.ve
yo11 nintle ? what battles llave you fought? You coulll uot
witl~stat~tl the Prznls one hour. You should lli~ve sl~c\vn
more conrnge and firmness." The officers of the srmy, fenring
for F:~kredtlin tlre rage of the sultan, made the cuir untlersta~~d
by their gcstures that thy were ready to nl:iss:lcr.c
tl~eir sovel.eign. I?at;rcddin ref~~sod his assent, LLUJ told tl!c~u
afte~warcl that tho sultan co111d not live more tlm a few
days ; ant1 that, ifthe prince wished to trouble them, they
were able at my tirne to get rid of hiln.
Ncdj111-Eddin, notwitl~standi~lg his rnclnncltoly state, g:rve
ortlers for llis departure for 3T:~nsoura. I-Ie cutercd his boat
of \yal;

INthe mean time it becn~nc kuov-II to Sdadin that our
nlen were preparing to ntt:~cli Jerusnlem, ant1 wcre only two
~nilcs clist:u?t fro~n hi~n; but, not thinking it s:de to fight wit11
tl~eC!I~risti:~~~s, he gave orders to clcstroy Darum, its walls :L~J
towers, nnd rctrcated l~inlsclf to Jerusalen~. The Turks, also,
in gencr:~l lcft the rhins aud withdrew to the n~ountains. In
consequcnco of this, our n m were comm:u~detl by voice of
Ilerald to move townrcl.; tllc foot of tl~c rnounhins., and, when
all tl:e n~mng.crnc~its were co~nl)lctccl, thy n~arched toward5 a
casile cnlletl flcter~bblc. Tlrcn tl~e rain and hail began to bent
upon our nlen, and Idled mnuy of their bcasts of burthen : the
storm wns so violent thnt it tore up the pcgs of tho tcnts,
drowned the horses, and spoiled all tl~cir biscuit :mcl b:rcou.
Tl~ei~r1110111. a11d coah of n~ail, also, were so rusted, that tlrc
greatcst I:~bour mns neccssnry to rcstorc thenl to their former
brightness : tlwir clothes wcre dissolved by thc wet, and the
meu tl~c~~~sclvcs suffcretl fron~ the unwont.cd severity of the
olimntc. U~~clcr :~ll these sufl'erings, their oi~ly cousolntio~~
:wow frc~n~ thir ze:d in t.I11: s~rvicc of God, an(1 a desire to
finish their 1)ilgrinla.g~. '1'0 this end each coutributcd his
share or' provisions for tLe siege, nnJ they cnme togethcr with
joy prcparcd fvr : L I I ~pilyirn:~gd. Even those who wcre sick
in I~cll at Joppn, were carried in littcrs, so great wns their
wish to sce Jerosnlc~n. .A Large number of tllenr, also, were
i~iflucncetl by a tlesirc to sce our Lord's tomb, and this wns
their only Lope under thcir g;.ent sufirings. But the Torkd,
paying no rcLpr.C to tliesc cu~~roys of tho sick, lay in wait for
them and killed botl~~ I I ~ Iant1 I I tl~cir bearers, looliing on then1
a11 as cnemics alike. But, surely, these are aU to be accoun tcd
mi~rt,yrs, :~nd tl~erc is tl~is co~lsolntion for them, that tl~ougll
tln: l'urks slew tl~c~n wit11 cvil intentions, yct they snffered but
fvl 'L I~OIIICI~~, and gnidctl the rcw~rcl of a long service.

,
perish ;' and also anotlier passage, 'How often bavo tl~e niost
nuulerous armies beeu desrmoyccl by a II:LIICI~~I~ of soldiers !'
God protects thc just; and we haw no doubt of his protection,
nor that Ire will confound your arrognut designs."
T11c French disc~nl)nrkctl on tLn Satudny, OJI tire same
shore mllero Falirecldin lint1 lnaclc his encnn~pn~ent, aid
n red tent for their king.
The Mussuln~en ride sonw movements to prevcnt heir
landing; and the emirs Nedjm-Edclin and Snrilncrldin were
. slain in these sl

Cn. X SXV.-llow Ihe arny pvqm-c wifhjoy lo march on Jmnlem,
VIP&I!/~~C~~~IIJ Ihc arbice of lire 2'qlar.v a~d~l/rerwisr men who di8.~1taded
th~m
TIIE anny now rcjoiccrl that tllcY sl~oultl soon sct CYPS
OH our Lord's scl)ulol~ru; nntl :dl brgnn to brigl~tc~i up tllcir
arniour, their II~IIICLS:LIIJ thir swordu, that there 111ight not be
:Lsingle spot to spoil tlluir l~rigl~t~iess. In sliort, all were nmt
c a p for tl~e cnterl,rise, :~nd bonste~l that not all tl~c powcr or
nsn:~~~lts of the hostile S:~rncuns should pevent them from
nccon~~~lisl~i~~g their plig41t~c:r.lvow. Uut the wixrr ones (lid
]lot ac~qui~:scc in t11esu view ; for the Te~npln~%, I-Juspitdlers,
nntl Pia~ns, who 11nd sllnrpcr cycs on the futurc cirrdition of
tlat I:III~, tlisst~;ulcd 1ii11g Ricl~nrtl from marcl~ing.zt prcscnt
to bcn~.~nlc~n, Icst, wl~ilst tl~ey wcrc bchging Snladin n.rd the
g:~l.ri~s~~~ of t11:~t
:IIIIO~I~ tl~c ;no~~~~t:~ins, 111ig11t ~tt:~ck our rncn by s~1rprise, a11(1
:;(I ~>lucc tl~e~n betwcen tl~e :ittncks of tl~c prriso~~ hum witlii~~.
nr~d the 'r111.liis11 nnny fro~u witl~oot : m111 even if they slror~lcl
tnkc he ciky, it would 11c ncccssnry to g;~.rrison it with some of
[.Ircir brnvcst troops, wliicl~ co~~lcl I~nrtlly bc doue, in cooseq[~(~~-~cc
of the peoplc's enycrncss to complcle tl~eir pilgrininge
nntl rcti~rn each to his own' I~oinc, for they ncre now all tired
out wit11 the privatious :md dist~~h~~icc~they wllil:[i I~ad
s~~ircretl. For these rcnsons, thcy iul\isc!tl t11:lt the siege
sl~onltlbc clcll~yetl, nnd the army LC kept together, beciu~se
tl~cirvow wonltl not I~ave bcen :~cco~nplisl~ctl; for if thy could
once fullil their plctlgc, the army would :~t o~~cc be dissolwd.
But the ndvicc of tl~cTcmplars wns not listenccl to.
city, he l'urkisl~ RIYIIY, wl! id1 wxs \vitli~~~t
CA. XXXV1.-How King Richard, concealiny his I1.oops near the
CmUr of fhc Onthu, siuprisrd a d slmu Ihc Turks on his march
Iou~ardsJm-tuaki~.
ITW:LS now the Lcginning of a ncw year, a. D. 1192, being
lenp-ycnr, ancl having D fur its Dominica1 letter. On the
third clay after our Lad's circumieiou, the army, bent oil
tlreir march, werc ns.nilct1 by n mr~ltit~ude of ':'ur!x who l~xtl I,zin
in nmb~~sli during the night ncm the fort cles 1'l:ans among tl~c
bushes on tlic line of their route. 'I"lie two f0remn.d of onr nien
were instantly shin ; but God had already prepare11 to nvcnga
their death, for King Itichard had been i~ppriserl of the :uu­

On Friday, the 2 1st of thc moon Sct'er, and in tl~c year of
thc l1egil.i~ 6.17 (AD. 1249, h'~icl:ry, 4tl1 June), the Frcncll
flcct arrived off tho coast, at two o'clock of the clay, filled
mitlr an innumernble body of troops uudcr tbc con~nla~~l of'
Louis, son to Louis, Iring of France. Thc l?r:~~~lts, who wcle
rna,qtcrs of S,yrin, htl joined the Fi.cncl~. The vlrole fleet
aucliorcd on the stranll oppositc to the rnnll) of' l?:~li~~e~-lCli~i.
Tl;e king of ll'mr~cc, bcfore hc comrn~nc~tl any I~ostilities,
sent I,y n I~crnl,l n lcttcr to the sultan Nerljn~.-Eilclin, conceived
in the followi~~~ wor~ls:-
, " Yoo :~re ~lot ijinornnt t11at 1 mn tlie princc of tl~osr: wllo
follow the rcligio~~ of Josus Cnn~s-r,ns you are of tl~osc who
ohey the 1:~n.s of :#'I nl~o~uuietl. Your power inspires me wit11
no few. How sllo~ltl it ? I w110 ndc the Mussul~nen in Spain
treiuLlc ! I leu1 tlicm :IS a shepllerd does s flocli of sheep. I
bavc n~adc tlrc lwsvcst mnoyg tllcni perisl~, and lonclecl their
women :~nd cl~ild~m with cl~aius. They euclcavour by presents
to :Lppe:lw iue, and tnrn my ;irm to another quarter.
Tl~csolilicrs who nrnrch under my stnndds cover the plaius,
and my cavalry is not less rcdoubtablo. You Lave but one
method to avoid the tempest tl~nt thrcntcns you. Receil-e
priests, wl~c will teach you the Cliristinn religion ; embrace
it, and allore tl~c Cross ; otl~crwiseI will purslle you evcrywhere,
nqti God sl~ull tlecidc wletllcr you or I be master of
Egypt.:'
Nerljn~-Rd~lin, on reding Lhis lettcr, could not restmin his
tears. He cnusccl tl~c fullowing :rnswcr Lo be written by the
cadi Bcl~aedin, his sccrctary :-
"III tllc nalnc of thc Omnipotcnt nnd All-mercifi~l God,
snlvntion to our plvpl~ct Mnllomnlcd and his friends ! 1have
reccivecl your lctter ; it is filled with menaces, and you make
a boast of the grcat number of your soldiers. Are you
ignomut that we laow the use of arms, and that we inherit
the dour of our ancestors? Nu one has ever atLaAccl us
without feeling onr snperiority. Recollect tho conquests we
have lunde horn the Christians ; we have driven thcm from
the lands they possrwd; their strongest towns hnve fallen
under ow blows. Recal to your mind that pasage of the
Alcoran, which says, 'Those who make war unjustly shall
death, nnd those who pretend to strictness of doctrine never fail to
IJ)FTVC it.

258 ITINERARY OF RICIIARD I. [n. v. c. 1.
buscade, ant1 advanced with all speed in the morning, hoping to
rcscuc the advanced guard. But the Turks who had bellearlcd.
them, recognizing the Iring's banner, took to flight, beingnbcmt
a buntlred in nuniber, of whom sewn were either lrillecl or
talcen prisoners by the king in the pursuit. Eighty of tllo
'rurks fled towards Mirabel, and were speedily overtalcon by
thc Iring, who, seated on his bay horse, a charger of incom.
parable swiftness, slew two of them before any of their friencls
could assist thcm. In this skirrrtish were Geoffrey de Lusignan
and some othcrs, who cither slew or made prisoners twenty
Turks, and if they had pursned them further, there is no doubt
that tlley would have taken many more.
CH. I.-By the advice of the TempZars, thorrqh rnd~ against the inclinatias
of the army, the march lo Jerusalem was n3atrdoned until
the walls of Ascalon shozcld$rst Be rebuilt.
INthe year 1192, not nlany days aficr the feast of the
Epiphany, the councillors of the army, joining with them
ponle of the more discreet of the nativcs, again consulted
abont the march to Jerusalem. The Hospitnllers, Templam,
and Pisans, urged, as before, that the city of Ascalon slloulrl
first be rebuilt as a check on the Tnrkish convoys betnecu
Babylonia and Jerusalem. To this the majority of the council
gare their assent, that Ascalon sl~nuld he rehuilt to check the
armgaucc nnd impede the free passage of the Turks in thoso
prts. When the dccision became kuown the arniy were
n~uch dcjectcd, conceiving that their hopes of sceing the
Lord's sepulchre would altogether be frustrated. Their former
hilarity altogether disappeared, and was succeecled by despair at
wllat tlicy had just heard. They uttered imprecations on the
anthors of this counsel as destroyers of all their most ardent
wislics. If, however, they had known the penury and destitqtion
of tl~ose who dwelt in Jerusalem, thy would haw
hived some little consolation frorn the tribulation of the
enemy. For tlie Turks in Jerusalenl were enduring many
severe soEcrings frorn thc hail mcl snow,which, n~clting in the
moruntains, caused a flood of water to descend 11pon thc city,

,
IIEG. G4P.I ARAllIAN ACGOIINT OF TIIB CRUSADE.
541
marched con,jointly to the siege of Damascus, and reduce.d
the town to tile utmost distress from want of provision. The
inllabihnts, after they hat1 consumed the vilest food, did not
scruple to feed on the bodies of such as died, to preserve
their lives. Necljm-Eddin 11ad returned to Egypt; but lie
hastened to Syria again, with a numerous army, att:lclced
the Kl~aresn~iens, and tothlly defented them in two battles.
In the year G44, the emir Fi~kreddin won from tlie Franks
the castle of Tiberias and the town of Ascnlon, both of wl~ich
he nxed to the ground. This year was fat;rl to the Fmuks,
from tlrcir intestine divisir~ns.
In the year 645, the sultan returned to Egypt, and passed
tlwongll Ita~r~lC..' He wm there attaclred with an absccss,
which turned to o fistula ; but in spite of this accident, he
continued his journey, and arrived at Cairo. New troubles,
which had wisen in Syria, cnlled him again into that prorince;
but linving learned at Drnnnscns, t that the French were
prepwing to invade Egypt, he preferred dcfending his om11
icing do^^^ in person. 111spitc of the violence of his sutlelings
from pin, he mounted his litter, and arrived at Acl~u~ou~n-
Tannll,: at tl~e beginning of the year 647.
As he lrnd no doubt but that lhnietta would be the first
place at~ncked, lie endmvourcd to put it ill a state of defence,
and for~ned tl~ere n~.zgazincs of every sort of provisi.on, arms,
and ant~nunition. The emir Pa-lireddin was ordered to 111i1rcl1
toward tl~at town, to prevent a descent on the coast. lhkreddin
encnlnped : ~t Gix6 de I)a~uietta, with the Nile between
his camp nnrl the town.
Thc tlisorcler of the sdtnn, I~oweser, grew worse; and lie
caused proclsmation to be made, that all to whom hc owed
any thing sliould present themscl ves st his treasury, when
they would be paid.$
* R.arnlk. Reml ~ignifies sand. Ramla is a town some leagues from
Jaffa or Joppn, on the road to Jerusalem.
.t Mnk~isi, in his descl~i]~tioll of E,~ypt,says, that in the year of the
H~gira647 (,\.n. 12.13). the emperor sent nn ambnssedor to the sultan
Nedjm-1SJJin, who wns then ill st Damascus : thnt this ombossodor vas
disguised as a mcrcl~nnt, and informed the sultan of tbe preparations of
the king of Frnnce ngainst Egypt.
Acl~inoum,or Achmoum-Tanah, n town on the Nile, and the cnpitnl
of one of tlic p~miricrsqf E

'
A.D. 1192.1 TIlE BREKCll LEAVE THE ARMY. 25 9
either drowning their cattle, or causing them to perish afterwards
from tl~e cold. So p a t were their sufferings fron~ the
tat,^ of 1.11~ wen.tl~er, thiit if the Christians had known of
tlleln thy might certainly lrnve taken tbc city; thou,gh they
could not long llavc ltcpt it, lbr tlrc people would 11ave returned
home n.ftcr fulfilling their vow of pilgrimzgc, and there
codd not linve been a sufficient garrison left to tlefenJ it.
CH.11.-Of the deqonclenq of the army nt Ihc abandonment of their
entqrire, and of Iheir return to Ramula.
TITEfenst of St. I-lilnry was now at tmd, and so pent was
tho Jisnfbction and sorrow of the army that nlany GE them
abanclouecl their pilgrimnge, cursing the dny in which they
were born to sufer such a disappointment. Some ol them
also werc so worn down I J their ~ sufferings and by want, that
they with difficulty could bcnr up ng:binst it. Their horses
and beasts of burden, also, nfl'wtctl by the cold and rain, were
unable to proceed through tllc mnd, but fell faniislied and
1;nocl;ed up betlcdh their loads. The drivers, in bitterness of
spirit, raised their hands in on,pish to I~ei~vcn, and uttered
imprecations approaching even to blaspl~eniy. It was impossible
to conceive rcscverer lot,eveo in theworst of crirtlinals, tllsn that
which our men now sutTercd. Tllcir brnve dectls, their prowess
in war, were now succeeded hy grief i~ntl despair of mind, in
:~clditionto their bodily snferings; and wllilr~t dl mere in this
state, the weak and sick \sould have Imn in danger of perishing,
if it had not heen for the care of 1Ci11g Riclrnrd, who sent
out rnesscnzers on all siglc to collect thz~~ together and bring
them to Rmioln, wlicre the mhole zrniy soon ns~cmbled, no(;
long aft,er they had lcft it.
CH. 111.-Of the t~ifizaltttion and anpish 7olrich ow men endured between
Ramula and Ascalon, from 1/1c danqrrs of lhc ronds nnd the state of
the wcalhw, aud how many of lhe FIWLC~ lgt thc army.
W~IILSTour men rcninined at Ramula, rnimy of them, either
to a\.oiJ. the pai:lful nmrch, or from indignn.tion and obstinacy,
., dcsertc(1 from the army, thereby wnsiclembly dimiirishing its
numbers. The greater part of the F1.ench departed out of
indignation ; some of them went to enjoy their ense at .Topp:i,
others retired to Acre, wl~erc there w3s pleniy of provisions.
Some joincd the marquis n,t Tyre, as he had ofteu urged
s 2

een shin in battle were sent to Cairo, and c+posed on the
ptes of tlre town. The captive Ik~nks arrivetl at the mrne
time, mounted on camels: w a mark of distinction, horses had
been given to the most consideral)le among the~n. ZiIllirben-Songonr,
onc of the Syrian genemla that 11x1 been taIGen,
mnrched next, with the other oHicers of the Syrinn army.
Tlley were paratled with much pomp throagh tl~e town of
Cairo, and then confined in prisons.
The e~uirs Bibm and Abouali had orders from the sultan
to lay sicgc to Ascalon; but the place mns too strong, and
too well defeuded, to be tnkcn. Bibnrs rcnnained before
Ascalon, and Ahounli advanced to Napoulous.
The ohr genelxls of Nedjni-Edtlin tool; possession of
Ga.z.z, Jerus:~le~~~, IChalil, 13eit-Qjebril, and Gaur." Nasir-
I):roucl lost nea8rly all his territories ; for there only remained
to I~im tl~e fortress of Kerck, Bellrn, Essalib,-1- and Acljeloun.
Netljni-Eddin llod promised the I

tlleln to do , ,,tl~er-q. wit11 tl~c dd

nEG. 64 1.] ARAi31AN ACCOUNT OF TIIE CRUSADE. 530
bravely he d~olly confidccl.
aC Cnzn."
Ribxu joinecl tl~c Kl~aresniiens
I~nad-Eddin, on his part, raised troops in Danlascus : they
ni:rrcl~c~lunder the orders of Melik-Mnnsour, prince of
Humcsse.t 'I'he Prnnl;s wcre likewise reaily to hke t h
' .
ficltl ; and the two hollies met at Acre, when thcy fol.rnct1
but one :trmy. N;~sit-Dnoud, prince of T

CH. V.-Saladin, hearing qf Ute return a d cli.yersa1 of oar amy,
sends lizs ~ IL~IL10 t/ieir Aorncs until Muy.
SAJ,.\D~N, I~c~riug tht our trnnp~ were tlisp~rs~d :~l~ng the
sea-coast, :xnd in put broken up, disrnissecl his troops to return
to tl~cir bon~es, nncl nttel~cl to their doulestic afi~irs,
with ortlers to assemble agaiu in the month of May. Tlie
Turks, wl~o had now for fr~ur years bre~~ scrving laboriously
in the fiulhn's army, now gladly return to see tl~eir wives
and E~milies. There tl~cir nclniir:ds mcl princes, lncn of' renown,
rccnpitulated their adventures, allcl the di.mstrous cmpigus
wl~icll they I d gone through : men wl~o bnfore hacl
always cmiie off victorious, and got nbunclancc of spoil from
all tlicir former w ~rs ; but now, ou the contr:~ry, thy had
su0i.rd bo~l~ ill tl~eir own prol~crty and by the tlcatlis of their
relations slain in tbe battles whicl~ thy lml fought. Thy, in
P:trti~~~l:~r, grieved for the fate of t1111se pri~~ccs, admir:ds, and
others, w110 I d been slain by King Itichnrd, ns before related,
in the siege of Acre, when Snl:din fi~ilcd in his proniiec
to rerlecm them. For tl~is renson they lml conceive11 bitter
angcr against 8alndi11, and now left bis army for a time with
groous and la~iicntntions.
CH.VI.-King Richard pwsundcs as many of the A.ach a8 he call lo
relutn, ad, by cumrrwu conml, lhq rebdtl Ascalon.
Trra month of January ~vmnow ended, and tl~! sky was
hnco~ni~~g brighter. The king, annoyed at. the diapcrs:tl of
tho rimy, sent messengers to pcrsuadc the French to returc,
so strengtbc~~ the army that they might be in a condition
for further dclibe~.:~tions. "For," said he, "it is tlcsirnblc
tli:~t all the army sl~oulrl be together when we delibernte, fur
division will only we;!l;cn 115, :LW~ expose us to tlrc attacks of
our encii~ics." 'h .Pi.c!!c.b by tl~csc arguments were lcd to

The Franks took possession of these towns, and instantly
fnrtiticd all tl~c c:bstles in t.he nei,ghl~onrhoo of Tiberia$ and
Aswlon. 'I'l~ey oxpclled Mr~rwln~cn from the mosqlre
Altaa,* made a clludl of it, and hung bclls in tl~e minaret.
N~'~/jm-Ti:{l(lin, on his sille, conllectc11 l~imself the
I

promise that thcy would rcjoin the army until Ea.3tcl; OII
condition tI13t they should have leove to dcpwt, and safe
conduct at that time, if they should wish it. Tlie Icing,
sccing that it mas necomwy Lo urc forbearance, ,uscnted to
these conditions, and tl~c army wm tl~us rcnnitcrl. It was
now nerced by all to rebnild Ascalon ; but tho princes alld
nobles mere 61, cxl~:~~~sted, that they found tl~eir means insufficient
for the pnrpose. Thf;)~, neverthelcss, began the worlr
as wcll as they could, nlld divldmg it ouL amongst them, they
dug to the fouuddions of one of tbe chief gates, ur~til they
canre to solid masonry, and relnovccl tltc rubl~isl~that was
lying on the top. All ens~gccl in the work : princes, noblc~
knights, esquires, and retainers, might be seen tossing the
stones from lrsnd to Land. There wm no distinctjon mncle
between clcrks nntl laymen ; nobles and pleboinns, princes sncl
tl~eir nttendnnts, all wor1;ecl alike, so tl~st they wcrc even
tl~e~nsclvcs astouishccl at their own progress. Masons .cvc~.c
then hro~ight, thc work went on with clouble vigour, and thc
wnlls rose mpidly. Fifty-three of the highest and strongest
to\vcrs, bcsicles other s~naller ones, liad bceu Iwellcd with the
ground. Five of thesetowers had received nanie? from their
founclcrs ; zccording to tradition, the first and most pomerfnl,
was X-hn, the son of Noah, rvbo llad thirty two sons : these
dl reigned after lii~n, and built Ascalo~~, wit11 the l~clp of tbe
pcople whom they invited together fron~ all tl~c country nnder
their dominion ; nncl to pin tl~cir fnvour, and a lasting nnnw
to themselves, the females built tho tower which is cdletl
the towel. of the LL maidens." In the same way tl~e soldiers
built the tower of the "shields :" the "Dlootly tower" was
so cdlect bccnme fountled by ccrtnin criminals, who, by this
work, arc said to have savecl tLcir lives fro111 the punish-
~neut doe to their crinles: tho fourth tower mas crectcd by
tl~c atl:~~ii.als, and is thcrcfore c:~llecl the " Admirals' tower :"
the fifth, cnlled the "Bedonins' tome^-," was const~vcted by
the race of nlcn bearing that name. Such we the five prir~cipnl
towcrs of ilscnlon, named from their founders. When skilful
masom were employed upon it, the work advanced more rapitlly.
Tl~e Iring, m in all otl~er nlattcrs, wns cc~nspicuous in
~)romoting the work ; and by joining therein with his o\vn
hands, encournging Llie men, and distributing to cnch their
allottecl taciks, be rendcred g~-cnt scrvice. For, at his exhortx-

Til)eri:~d." He added nlso tl~c monntnin of Anlnilclr,f and
several other places on the sea-shore, pemiitti~lg L ~ ~ I Cto I ~
come to L):mascus to purcl~ase nrnis. Tliis al11:~ncc displc~etl
good Mnssnlmcn: who were inclignnnt to scc FlmPcs
pi~rcl~nr arlns in o iMaIlo~i~~nednn town, wliicl~ tll~sc infille!~
might one day tmn apinst the sellers.
S;~lil~..In~nd-Edtlin reaolvcd to make nn.r on Erypt, and,
assentbling his troops, joined the army of the F~.a~rks. Tbc
sultan of Egypt was inforn~ed of Lhis ~novenwnt, :ulJ sent, in
conscqueucc, n body of inen as far as Acre. The two
arn~ics met ; but the E,gyptinns corr~~pted thc Filn~.+l~lrna.n
soldiers of Dsmascus, wlto, according to their secret conyelltions,
flcd on the first sttack, and lcft tl~c Fmnks singly to
bear the shock. Tllcy, Irowever, made but :L fceble rcsistnncc;
great numbers were slain, and the rest, loaclccl with clloins,
we1.c led to C;~iro.
111 Lhe G4Oth year of t,l~e Hcpirn., the Fr:lnlts surprisetl
the town of Naponlous:: on a Friday, the 4tl1 d:ly of tho
nloon I?jeninzilewel, 2nd ride slavcu of tlic inllnl)it:~nis, nhr they had plunclerecl them of dl they I d , and coulrnittcrl a1.l
sort^ of crucl ties.
The whole ye:u of 641 (AD. 1243) wns employed io
ne:,rotiatio~is betwccn Snlili-Imnd-Etlilin :ml Nccljun-Edclin.
The latter consented to allow the fcrtncr lo be n~&mr of Ihnlascuu,
bnt on cor~clitioil tliat tl~etuwn sl~o~rlil be a fief to
Egypt, and that the coiu sl~oultl be str~~cl: in Iris n:une.
I-Ioowevcb as Lhcy could not agree, Irnnil-Etldii~ ni:t(le nnotl~er
trcnty with the Frnnl;~, by whiclr Ire g:ivo up to them
Jerusaletn, the whole country of the Tibek~d, and dsc:~lon. $
* A part of Palestine has been thus called from the town oP Tiberins,
built on the side of a mountain near to the lalte of the same name. The
lalte is twelve miles long by sis wide, and is surroanrletl Ily mountnins.
This town was famous in former times, but Sdudin, on ~wonquering it
from the Frnnks, had it destroyed. It owes its name to the emperor
Tiberius. There were in its cuntines many hot springs ccl~~br~itc~l ror thr
cure of different disorders. It was but six miles from Tibcrias to the well
into which Joseph was cast by his brethren.-Ab@cda.
-t Aamilch, a celebrated mountain of Syria. It spreads eastwardly and
southerly from the sea-shore as far as Tvre. It had a fortress on its
summit.
$ Nnpoulous, a town in Pale.-tine, anciently called Snmurin. Jeroboam
caused a te~nple to be built on a mountain near the town to prevent
the ten tribes from oing to Jerusalem.
5 Ascnlon, a town in Palestine, on the Nediterranean shore, six

A .P. 1192.1 TWELVE TIIOUSAND ClIRISTlANS RESCZIEU. 263
tion, eac!l of the nollcs and chiefs undertook the completion or
l~is share in proportion to 11is rueans ; nucl if auy one desisted
from the work for want of money, the king, more exslted st~ll
in heart tlnn in outwnrcl dignity, gave to them from his own
purse ss he knew each Ilntl need. And such mas his npproval
and encouragement of the worlrmen, such his diligence and
espcnditi~re, tl~at tlirec-fourths of the city of Ascalon were
s ~ to I Ilnw been rebuilt by his means. '
Cr*. VI1.-Ilow ICiq Richnrd rescued from the Turks al Darum 12,000
Chislian caplives, who were on llreir way lo Babylon.
MEAN'IVI-IILE Pn.lacliu L:d m:de pr~parations fur sending
I 1,000 C'lwistiam, French, nnd natives of the Holy L:~nd,
cyrtives to J3:hyIon ; and his servants bad brought then1 as
far ns Daru~n, and were spcncling the night tbere, with the
intention of setting forwnrd on their journey on the morrow ;
when it I~appened, by the dispcrmtion of God, that they
wei-e rcscued by King Ricllnrd from slavery. For one day
the Iring cl~nncetl to be out, with a chosen body of solcliers,
reconnoitering the fortress of L)nrum, to ascertain IIOW he
could take it; for there was n pnssngc there too convenient for
the Tnrlrs, who brought provisions from Bnbylon to Jerusalenl.
'I'lle Turlro, who Iml arrived j~mt hefore sunset, recognizing
tl~c king by his banner, became frightened for tl~eir lives, and
consulting their own safety, let tl~emselves quickly into the
tower of the fort, leaving tlwir capt,ives ontside ; and these
persons, on seeing this, took refuge with all speed in a church
close by. Tho king, coming up, rclcased them witllout a
mo~ne~~L's del:~y, :~nd let then1 go nlwy uninjured ; whilst he
nncl his men slew many Turfis, wlw l~nppened to fn11 in their
way. Then tlie king took many wduable horses, sncl
e:~+turcd twenty of the Turkish chiefs a!ive. Who can
doubt bqt that the king's coming, which turned out so advnut:~geous
to those cnqtivcs, nns ordained of God? Had
lie not come and rescuetl them, there is no doubt they would
have been condemned to pe~ptunl slavery.
CH.VII1.-How King Richard sent an order lo the marquis and was
f~ol
obeyed.
AP~ER prforniing thesc esploits, King Richml sent
nlessengers to the marquis, whom we have so often aLredy mcn-

A conduct so unworthy o sovereign made him conte~npt~ilde,
:~nd his sd!jects offel-ed up vows C1i:~t his brother
Ncclj~n-Eddin would deprive llim of his crown. '1'11is prince
had I I ~other wish, but In was afrxid of intrusting n project
of this nature in the 11ninds of R fickle populace. At last
all tllc orders of the state, oppressed by he tyrannies of
Mclil

CH.1X.- How the tlukc of Ds?grinr7y, who had lcm recnllcd b?, King
Rleharrl lo Awolmr, again lejt hitn, and r

EXTRACTS PROM AN ARABIAN MANIJSCRIPT
ENTITLED
ESSVLOUK LI MARISET IL DUVEL IL MULOIJK;lIra6 is to soy, " The
Road lo linowlcdgc of tire Rripw rg Kings." It is llrc Histoy gf
the ,Sdlans Cun~rss-Etoi!nlr~~ts, of the race of Salndin, and oj' Ihc
tt~o.Dynnsiies lhul hawe reigned in Eg,l; the onc of Turkis.h slffl~3.
blofw under !/re name nj' MAMELUKES-DAEIARITES, Ihe oMw uy
Ci?~casxiuns. This I.170rk was com]merl by Mn~nrsr,who wns born
t in llte iGDlh year of Ute Hegira, or one lm9ulr.cd and lwab yeam
. qflerIlrce.xpeditionS~.Lou~s.
Trra sultnn iMeliIiul-Iiamil did at Damascus the f 1st ul
the moon Regeb, in the (335th year of the Begim (Mnrch
10, A.D. 1238). Melilcul-Adil-Scifeddin, one of bis two sons,
was proclainied on the nlorrow, in the same town, sulhn of
Syria, and of Eeypt. He w3r9 the seventh king of the
posterity of the E~oubitcs, who deecc~~dc~l from Salnd~n.
On the 17th day of tl~c 111oon il,au~nrlnn, there arrived an
. nrnbc~ssador from the caliph of Raplnd, who wm the bearer
of a stmdnrd mtl rich robe for the sulbn, weal; reu~nants
of the vast outliority the caliplls who succeeded Mahon~med*
formerly enjoyed, and of which the sultnns had not thought
it worth their while to deprivc Ll~enl.
n'lelikol-Adil, wllen scarcely on the throne, instead of at.tencliug
to the government of his Iiinrdoms, gave himself up
to all sorts of debauchery. The grandees of the state, who
might hrc reproached him for the dissipated life he led,
were bmishecl under various prctcxts, and rcpl~ccl by
moye complaisant ministers. Ile belicved Ile codcl Ilave
. nothing to fmr, if the troops wcrc nttxclled to hi~n;and.
in order to gain tliern, lie rnde them great presents, which,
adrlccl to tl~osc his plensurcs required, exlinustetl the treasorcs
his faher hall amclsue(l with so 1nnc11 difficulty.
* The~~lilihs, successors to Malrorumed, were formerly masters ofsyrio,
Fgypt, and ill general of dl the conquests made by the Mahommedans.
Corrupted by luxury and indolence, they sufercd Egypt and Syria to be
taken from them by the Futiinites, nt the time of the expedition of St.
Louis, nnd they relainrd Iruk-Arobia. They, however, still plrcerved a
shadow of power over the province& cal~tured from them. The sultuns of
Egypt submitted to a sort of inaugurhon on their part, which ronsisted
in the investiture of a dress which the caliphs sent them. This custom is
not yet abulished: the grand scignior sends a similar dress to tbe his.
podars of Molduvia and %'&chin, when he nominates them to these
principalities.

A.D. 1 I 92.1 D1SI'I:TE LIETWEEN THE PIS:\iiS Ah'D GENOESE. 265
were on the side of the marquis,--chiefly on acconnt of the
oath of fidelity by \vl~icl~ he was bound to tl~e king of France.
Hence arm discords wliicll eniled in blooclsl~cd, ant1 n111 tual
nttncks, ns ill a civil WW, at Acre; nntl the wl~trle city wns
in n st:~tc of confusion. On appro:iching the cit,y the French
hcnrcl a pent uproar, and the noise of the pcwpIe, esllo~ting
each other to fight ; upon wllicli they, and tllc tlulte of 1311rgundy,
in full amour, l~nstened to give succour to the
Gcnoese, who were elated to an insolcnt pitch by thcir arrival.
For dl that, the Pisms, irrit:~ted wlien t.lley snw them
co~niu~, went forth boldly to meet tl~ern ; for bheir n!~]~~.:~r:~uce
was that of men cliaposed to fight. Fdling uporl the duke of
Burgundy, who secrne~l to he their lcder, they snrrounrled
him, :md having pierccd his horse wit11 a I:~nce, thrcw 11im to
thc ground; they then retraltctl to the city, a1111 closctl anci
bolted the ptes, as n precm~tion qq~inst :my ~nforcs~en wcidents
which might happen. For they II:~ 11e:~rd that tlrc
GCI~VCSC had sent to the n~aryuis to :dt him to come as
quickly as posuiblc, a11t1 scixc the city of Acre, wl~ich they
pronlised to dcliver ovcr to I~im. The Pieans, therefore; took
cwry r~rccnution apinst this fxctictioa, for their own safety i111tl
thnt of the city. The n~arquis, without n ~nonient's tlclny,
c;me to Acre ill l~is gnlleys, with a lwge nnn~ber of wmctl
mcn, in the hope of' scizing on the city un:rwarcs; and on
their arrival, the Pisnns a~taclretl tl~e~n ~~~~nfully wit,l~ petrnriz
an11 mnngonels ; mtl confidiny in tl~cir own vnloor,
nnd tllc justice of their cawe, tlicy rcaistd ti~cir atlvrrsnrics
for thee dnys, and fought bw\.cIy with tl~em, until tl~cy
sent n rncssnge to Icing 1lich:rrd to inl'urnl him of the state
of nfthirs, nntl bid 11irn come with all slmxl. T!le king was
tllcn at Cmsarea, on Iris way to the coilfcre~~ce with the mwquis,
when the messengers arri vetl, and set forth the whole
matter, and asked of l~irn on the pwt of the Pisans, to colnc
quickly and preserve the city: they then returned to Acre
under favour of the darlinem of the night. The nmquis, on
hearing that King Ricl~ard was close at I~and, returncd
. l~astily to Tyre, as if conscious that the king's coming hetolwned
ill to himself. Por all his haste, the duke of Burgundy
and the French renal~ed Tyre first. But King Richard,
on learning the coufrlsed state of tliiugs on his arrival at
Acre, took upon liiniaelf to arrange eevrything on the day

Monsieur (le Wnlery.
Ly Rn1111llm.
Ly Cmnt-sLdller.
Mnnsicur (;uilln~~me dc Flandres
Ly sire rlc Ncellcs.
Lv sire dc klolltlnornncl.
Masirc Ammlry tle Mellcl~c.
ivl~sircJc;m de Ville ly CS~OIIS.
Wess~reCuillawnc de I1ruii:~y.
hlersirc Il~~oul ~I'CstrCe~.
hlcssire Simrm tie Comes.
Ly hla~qlrcsdes Arlmlesrricrs.
Mcssire Guilliwn~C' IIC Cli~ner.
Mmqire II~II~IIIL 1 1 Murmalll.
~
Mussire r;ul li 0.0.
nlwire (;uillem~.r dc Cl~iincri.
Mc+sire JC.LII IIV(:II,~UIII~S.
Mc\sire Lmlr y ~icibmny.
hl~wire(;ilks tle Brienon.
Meqsire Pirrw de Uailly.
Mmirc Rolrw t Snnsnvoir.
Mewire hl;~re

2GG ITINERARY 08 RICHARD 1. [B. V. C. 11.
nRcr Ash Werlnestlay, ns il' Ile were the only mall left in
tl~e place ; a~id hnving c:~llccl the people together, lie l~ersunclcd
tl~c~n,with most convincing n.rgmncntu, that nothing was
1nul.c co~nmcnd:tble, ainongst con~r:~des, tl~an friendslip, notl~iug
pleasanter tlmn guotl fcllo~ssl~ip, or sweeter tl~nn pcacc
and concord, or more hsting th:w unity ; and, on tl~c contrwy,
that notl~ing was morc clangcrous to t11e continuance of
peace, or more pernicious than ill-will, for it loosened t.11~
Lontls of alf'cction : in fine, that wlmtever wm bound by
mutual cl~arity, and stren,gtl~ened by the graceful tics of
fi-iencldrip, wns always dissolved by the errneut:rtions of
envy. l3y nicans of such argun~cnts, Icing Ricl~ard reconciled
the OC~OCSC and Pisans, and ca~~vecl them to ur~ite in harmony
and concord, and re-estnblislied their former good
understnnding
CH. XI.-IjOwi King Richard held a confer-rclicewilh 1Ae marpris a1 llre
castle of l hhric, and admonished him lo return mrl join the army ;
and Iruw, on Iris refwing, he disinhmilcrl him of the laids and revntucs
which hud bcm promised to Aim.
KINGTLICIIAILD, llaving !)scificcl tl~cm in this manner, sent
a mcssengcr to tl~e nnrqrus to return to the conference at
Ymbric, and try if they coulcl, with tlic Iielp of the divine
grace, conle to an aniic:rblc undcrstnnding about the arrangement
of affairs, in order tint the pvernnmt of tllc Itingdom
might be the betkr dn~iniste~wi by thcir joint efforts. '.l'hey
tl~crefore met, and lxld a long conference, but to little purpose.
The ~narquis brought forward, as a prelext for not
performing liis duty, tlic ret.ireruent of the tluke of Burgu~itly
and the Frcnch; ant! rchrning to Tyre, concealed
l~iniself in his wife's cl~snibevs,nwty from csmps and war.
King ltichard, perceiving that tl~e tl~lie of 13urgundy arid
ihe mnrq~~is, ILS well as the Prencli, Iiad now voluntarily
ahsontcd tllcniselves from tl~e army, n ~ ~ reflecting d deeply on
the tcrlus of peace wl~ich had been agreed upon, llesitated
for a long tinic in his mind whi~t it was best to 110 under
the circurnstanccs, and took into his counsel the leaders and :
more discicct ~ncn of tlie .axmy, to :lscertnin what they thougl~t
most ezpctlient; and they, after cwefully weighing tl~c lnerits
of the whole matter, adjndgetl tl~nt the niarquis 11:d forfeited
his claim to the kingdom wl~icli Lad beer1 prornised him,

on terms the s:lnie 3s the prcceding. Monsieur Ansout cl'Offemont.
himself and ttw lhniyl~ts: two thousand six hundred Livres tournois, and
their me;lls at tl~r Il:~l,tre. Monsieur Raoul le Flaniant. I~in~selt' and six
Itnights : one tholtsanrl five hundred livres tournois, and their ~neals at Ohc
palace. Monsieur Bnudouin de I,nnguevnl, himself and four knights :
eleven hundrctl lisrrs tonrnois. Mons~aur Loys de Beaujeu, hiuiself
and ten Itnigh~s: two tl~ouannil six hundred livres, and thcir meals at the
palace. Monsivur JIKLII Ville, himself and four knights : twrlve hundred
livres, and their nwals at court. Monsieur Mnhi tle le Tournelle, him-
self and four knights: twelve hundred livres: meals as above. The
archbishop of Rhaitns, four tl~ouaand livres. The bishop of Imgres
the same. These two to be attended Iby thirty knights, i d to be em-
barked on board the same ship. Monsieur Guillaume de Courtenny,
himself and ten knights: two thousand two hundred livre?, nnd tli-ir
meals at court. Monsieur Guillaume de Putay, himself an(! brother :
four hundred livres, and their meals at the palace. Monsieur Pierre
de SAM, li~~nself alone : eight score livres, and his menls at court.
Monsieur Robert de his-Gencelin, alone, on the same terms ns the preceding.
Monsieur Estienne Gruncke, alone, on the same terms.
Rlonsienr Mnci tle Loui;, alone, on similar conditions. Monsieur
Gillrfi tle Mailly, Ilin~self and ten knights : three tl~ousand livres, transport
of horses ~oinq. and returning, with his meals nt the palace. Monsieur
Itier de Mttig~tuc, hin~self and tive knights : twelve hundred livres, transport
of h~~rbcs, and ltis mc;lls as the prereding. Fooriers de Vernuel,
himself antl four li~~i~hts : twelve hundred livres : his nie;lls at court.
Monsieur Guillnuuw de lhsnes, himselt'and ten knights : two thousnnd
six bundratl livres, and their menls at court. T11c count cle Gnignes,
himself and ten knights, on sitnili~r conditions. Theconnt de St. Paul,
himself and thirty Itnights, pnssaga and return of l~orsrs : twelve thousund
livres, including fnod and nll OLIIPI. things, with twelve hundred livres as
a private gift. Monsieur Lambert de Limous, himself antl thirty
knights in the pay of the king ; that is to sny, ten sols tournois to each
daily for their subsistel~ce, the sum of eighteen hundred and twenty-five
livres. Monsieur Girartl de Campendu, himself and tiftern knights at
the king's pny, subsisting themselves like to Monsieur Lumbert : two
thousand seven hundred thirty-seven livres, tensols. Monsieur Rnimon
Aban, himself und tive others in the pay of the Iting, nine hundred
twelve livres, trrt sols. Monsieur Jean de Ilelnes, himself and ten
others : three thousand livres, passage and return of his horses, and meals
at court. The marsllal of Champagne will go himself with ten others,
but will not receive any thing from the Iting. Monsieur Guillnrd
d'hrce, himself and five others, in the king's pay, nine hundr~d twelve
livres, ten sols. Monsieur Guillaome de Flilndrps, himself und twenty
others : six tho~~sand livrrs, pimnge and return of their I~ors~s, nnd theit.
meals at the polace. Monsieur Aubert de Longueval, himself and five
more : eleven hundr2d livres, passage and return of horses, aud tneals at
court.

an11 that, in consequence of his doubtfol nncl pwnricating
co~dact, he slronlcl be deprived of all his rcvcnues. In consequence
of this dccision rvreat discord arose bctwcen the
nobles of the Amlcl~ a d f&ng Richard, an(l especinlly between
liini and the n~nrquis; who, ns bc had often done
bcfol.e, importuned a11 the French to qnit Ascnlon, nncl come
to him at Tyre; thus throwing tl~c kingdonl nnd country into
such a slate of confusion, that King Ricl~ard, fully aware of
his trcachery, re~nnined in Acre from the clny after Ash
TVeclnesday ulntil the Tnesdny before Easter. @or it is the
part of a pnident man to take precautions even npinst an
humble foe.
Ca. XI1.-How, whilc ICirtg Riclmrd mas at Acre. oirr rnma a6 .Toppa
and Ascalon made an czyeililion and ltmght lock an imrne~rse booty ;
and how King Richard Xniyhlcd Saphadin's son.
ON the third day, before Palm Sunday, a number of young
men nt Joppn went on au expedition ns far as Mirnbel ; and
carricd ofl' :L 1:~rge booty of cattle from tl~c Snmccns, thirty of
wlioni they killed, nncl brought back fifty alive, besides an
immense spoil, A n~oiety of it was given to the count, who
was governor of the city ; the other moiety mas cold for eight
thousnud Sarncenic bezants, of good money. L~l;e\visc, on the
morrow, wliich waa the Saturday before Pnl~n Sunday, all
thoso st Ascalon who I d horses made an espetlition, a11t1
sco~~rccl the whole country, n,s we were told by those who were
present, ns f~ ax Egypt, four iiiiles beyond Uaruu~; and
' having ct~llectc,la I:~rge nunllcr of cnttlc, I~orses, and niares,
a150 twenty asscu, tl~irty can~els, xnd seventy sl~ecp, and otlm
- cattle, they formed in a body and returnetl with all speed to
Ascalon, bringing back also with then^ 200 Saracens, with
tbeir wives sntl children. On Palrn Snnrlny, King Richard,
and 111uch splendour, girded with tho belt of knigl~tliood the
son of Sapl~adin, who had been sent to him for tlmt purpose.
CH. XI1I.-EImu the duke of Buryundy and the marquis, from mcg nl
the succcsscs of lGy Richard, rccallcd llrc Frmclt. wlio were with him
at Ascalon and Joppa.
XEANWIIILE,duke the of B~~rgnndy and tl~c marquis,
inflamed with envy, which is nlweya ,je;~lousof the virtues
of a superior, sent ambnssadors from Tyrc te Ascolun, to

JOINVILLE'S MZXO IRS-APPENDIX.
A LIST OF THE ICNIGI-ITS WHO ACCOLLlPANIED ShIPiT
LOUIS IN HIS EXPEDITION TO 1'ALESTINE.
Undcrncalh are the names of lie hi,vhts who are to ncco?upawy the
X-ing, Said Lwis, to the Holy Lmd, and I?LO terms nf agi.ecme?~j
entered into Icfwcm~thcn~and Ihc king.
bio~s~~rrn ~n Vhl.enu to be of the expedition, with tllirty k~~i~lits. The
king agrees to pay him eight thonsand livres tournois. I-le is to be
recoml~eused by the king for any loss of horses during the piwage, but is
not to have l~is meals at conrt ; and he is to remaill, he onrl his people,
one wl~olc year, wliich year is to commence from the day tl~ey disembark
from the voyage. Sllould it happen, either Ly consent or stress of bad
weatllcr, thut the king and his array pass the winter on an isl;rnd, antl
that hn remain behind at sea, the ycdr alulll cowmanee Srom the time of
his arrival ut wintev-quarters. In regard to the paynicnt of' his knights,
be is to pay them one-hdf of their salaries at the cornlnrncelnent of the
year, and the other moiety when the first hulf-yenr sldl be rxpired. He
is to transport two horses for each banneret, nnd one I~orse for such as are
not of that rank: with the horses are the boys who knke cave of them.
The bannerrt to lie attended by five persons, and poor kuights will1 two.
The Const.~ble will uttend with fourteen Itnights, on the same terms as
M. de Vulery. He will receive from the king but tllrec tl~ousa~~d livres
tournois. Monsieur Plorent dc Varennes, the atl~nird, will go on the
same conditions as above, himself and twelve Itnigl~ts, and will receive
from the king three thousand two hundred fil'ty-ti\

2GS
~~rssn:\n~ or* x~cn'mr, I. [c. v. cc. 1-!,15.
cha~.ge the residue of the French wbo remaincrl to come to
tlle~n nt Tyre a.s quickly 3s possible, and join ill tl~cir new
scllm~~es and designs, and tht thy sho~~ltl act t,ogetllcr in
con~lilon concert, in %ccort.lnnce with their former ontll of
nIIe;i;~t~ce to the king of Fmnce. Then tl~c trcacI~e~.y %n(I
pren~cdit;~lctl I'aitlllesaness with wl~icl~ the ninrquis II:LI~, fro111
the first, Iiimsclf entered iuto tre:~ty wit11 the king of France,
becune n~:~nifcst; wl~icliw:~3, tlimt the marquis should join
the Frencl~ to Itis pnrty, in order to expedite the accomplivl~~~~eut
of his own plilns. Hence be stl.ovc to withtlrnw tl~e
-7
:!rench, :IS if thy were bound to his swvicc, in older tl~:!t
Kin,: 1ticl1nrc.l n~jght be the less able to carry on 1110 rvnr.
CH.XIV.-Hotu ,King Richard rehrmed lo Ancalon, and Avo 700 q7
&he Frrnch soldiers, in obcrliiorcc lo lhc comman&~ of fhc cluke of Burg?mndy
nnd llrc maryuiu, lrfl llrc kbry cmd went to Tt/re.
ON the Tueslhy before Easter, King Ric11m.d reti11met.I
to tl~o nrmy at Ascalon, escecdingly sorrowful and tlisturbccl.
On the morrow, i. e. Wednesday, the lenders of the French
requested of the Iring to fu~misl~ tl~em, nccordint;. tongrecn~ent,
wit11 nn escort ancl mfe conJuct ; 2nd the Itills consenti~~g, nssigd
to tl~ent the Templnrs, to conduct then1 uu tl~cirjonrr~ey,
as me11 as the HospitnHers, and Count Henry of Chnn~pn~gnc,
anrl many others, M their comrades. The king nlso, anxious
to ornit no proper 111:~rk of attention, escortetl tlrcn~ on their w3.y
in person ; while he entreated them, wi tll te:us aid sootllinfi
worcls, to sky n little longer with him, and that they sl~onltl
be provided for at his espensi: if they wodd succonr t.11~
Holy Land in its clesolstion, to the ut~nost of tll~ir po\vt5r.
This, howevcr, they nbsolutely refused, so lie Ict ~IICITI go %wry,
and returned to Ascdon ; whence he sent rnessolgers at, ~ I11 I
speed to Acre, to charge thc garrison not to admit the Frencll
witllin the city to lodge, but yet not to offer them any insult
or annoy:Lnce, from wlriali ofence might be tnlten, or all occ:~sion
of tlisputc: so wl~ei~ the French arrived tllerc, tl~cy
fiti~tionctl tl~enlscl\w outside the city.
CH.SV.-Elow Salnrliit, hearing of fl~rdq~adsrcof the Frmch, summoned
his atmy togclhcr ugain.
TITUSon the thy of our Lold's Snppcr tllc rimy wns
dejcc:oJ at tl~e tlcpalture of the French, foi* it lost IN

otllers of tl~cir ~elations, to (lo honour to the corpse of him
who l~ad done t11en1 great honour, if they did not deprive
tl~cmsclvea of it by tl~eir own faults, as I have bcforc said.
I must mention something more in honour to tl~c gooil kin,:
St. Louis. I w:m on n cert;~i~i day in Iny cl~apel of Juinvillc,
when I tl~ougl~t I saw him respler~dent wit11 glory bcfore
me. I wns very proud to see him thus in my caatle, and snid
to Iiim, "Sire, when you sldl depn,rt hence I will col~rluct
you to nnotller of my castlcs that'I 11ave at Cl~c~illon, where
you sldl :zlso be loclgccl. Metl~ought he nnswcred nlc with
n, smile, " Lord de JoinriUe, from my :~fc'cction to you, 1
v"1 not, since I am llerc, dcpwt Ilence so soou." TVLCII
I nwokc, I bethought myself, that it wns the p1e:wurc of
God, nitd 11is owu, that I should lodge lrim in uly cl~npel,
and insk~ntly afterward I Iiacl an nltar erectetl to tlrc Irouc~ur
of Cocl a11d of him. I also foundcd n, perpet~~nl nxss fur
cvrry d:~y in honour of God and St. Louis. Tl~csc tl~ingy
hnvc I told to the !;in,g Lonis, in order that by my endc;~vours
to p1c:lse God and my late lord, I might obtain some
part of the relics of the red l~oly body of St. Louis to
clecor:~te niy champel of Joinville with, to induce those who
sl~allsce 11is altar to pay grentcr devotion to the mint.
I now innlce ltnown to my readers, tht all they sllnll
find in this little book, wl~icl~ I Ilave declared to hvc secn
and known, is true, and what they ought most firmly to
believe, As for such things as I I~nve nicutionetl as Imrsay,
' they will n~~clerstand tl~ein just as they shall please. And
I beseech God, through the pmyels of my lod St. Louis?
that it may please 11inlto givo us such things LLS 11e know^
'
to be necc.ss:~~.y, as well for the body as tl~e soul. Amen.
END OF TUB hI&RIOILIS.

t;1n:~11 portion of its strengtli tllcrehy, a.3 700 Fret~cl~kni;;llts
li:~tl luft, nwn nC tric~l v:rlor~r nud prcnt ixtivity, ant1 t,h
pcoltlc \rere in co~~eq~~cncc tl~rown into J~III;~I trilmlntion.
But the Turks were rejoice11 on Iicnring \\dlat 11a.d tnken
pl.zce; 2nd %~lndin, wl~en IIC n:w toltl of it, sent nlcsjcllgels
on l~orscl~nck to cn.rlny lcttcru, adtl~w.wll to all tl~c:drnirxls
nut1 people tl~rnngl~o~~t his Jominions, c11:~rgin.g tl~crn
by edict to lay :si~le cvery occnpntion, nncl come t1-r tl~cI:l.rl~lof
Jerusnlcnl witll nll spocll. " The Frcr~cl~," be snicl, " II:LW,
from ill will, tlcp:rrte~l, nud left the Imid a111101jt witliout 3
defenclt~r, :md the st.1.e~gt11 of the wnr and tho power of
the Christinn army are Ih,llcn ; whcrcforc we trust thnt in a
sl~o~t time we sllnll pin possession of Acre and Tyq Llle
chief cities ol' tlre Inud.'' The Turks returd at tl~e cmnliinnd
of the Soltlnn, but wit11 lcss rcailiness, nn11 in YIII;I.IIC~
botlics tllnn Idorc ; for tl~cy 11:l.d not forg~rttcn tl~c past : in
coml):~rison, I~o\vrvcr, wit11 our psucity of nu~nbors, tlley exccctlctl
us grmtly ill strcngtll.
On Easter Eve, hl:~tli~~, \villi his reti:~uc, jnill ;I. visit tn the
ITcily Seln~lcl~~e of our I,ord, to assure IiimselJ of the tr11t11 of
n cerlai~~ fw1, na~nely, t110 coming down fro111 Ileaven of fire,
OIICC n, ycnr, to light the Imp. After I:e hnd watcl~ed for
some tii~~e, wi 111 grwt attell tion, the devotion nntl contri tir:n
of many C%risti:~n cnptivcs, who were praying for the Incrcy of
Go~l, lic an11 dl 111c otlrc13 T ~~rks s~~dilenly saw tllc di\~ine fire
tlcsccntl, 2nd light llic I:~rnp, so tlmt they were vel~e~nently
moved, while the Christinns rc:joiceil, and wih loud voices
plnisell the mil;l~t.y \vorl

* Ilis hcnd was ofterwnrds separnted and carried to tile lloly clrapel
in Paris. Guillnumc (iuiilrt, ns well ns Louis Lnsserd, says, that
tranrl;ition took place in the year 1306. The MS. chronicle, before
qt~oteil, wl~icl~ ends with th~ ym 3.722, says it took place the preceding
yenr. " In this year, the head and one of the ribs of St. Louis weye
brought to Paris. wihlit the chill and burns, by IGilg Philip, nttcndcd
Iiy numbers of 11relates and bilrons, with the permission of the sovcveiSu
pontiff. The rib wns placed in the church of Notre Dame, in pa;&,
and the head in the king's cl~:lpel, on tlle Tuesday preceding Japlle."
Anlong tlle chr~tteli wliicli had person:~lly bclonged to St. Louis, d
wliich our kings most cnrehlly pr'eaerved n?i relics, werehis missal and his
cup of gold. out of which, from respect to him, no onc afcerwurd drank.
1i1 the nl,connt of tl~e tliahu~senwuta of the queen's liousahold from
~ l 25th ~ e December, 1X3, to the 8111 of April, 1330, is thc fullowing :-
.a Eqxnws of the cha1)els. TO 111.: iilmod~er, for having bound and
c::sed the missal thnt IiaJ belongcil to our lord St. Louis, 20 liwes." In
tl~e inventovy of the furniture of icing Louis I'lutin, which is it1 a roll io
the Clm~nbe~. of Accou~~ts: " Tliis is the inventory of the butlery, kc.
Item, the golden cull of St. Louis, out of which no one drinks."
It is to be reninrked, that from the time this great ino~inl.ch wns
iwrolled amon: the saints, our kings, Iiis sliccesso~.~, have chosc~i liim for
the protector uf their sacred persons and their Icingdom. 'Chis is the
title whdi Charles VIII. gives him, in letters of mortmaili issued nt
Pont rle CG in the mouth of April, 1435, the originnl of whicl~ was com-
n~\uiicnted to me by M,d'Rero11va1. " .By and at the rcipest and
pyer of his uncle and cousin, the duke of Bourbonnois end huverg~ie,
constrrhle of Prnnce, e~plainin~, that ill the year 1450, bein; then lieutcllant.gcnera1
of the county and duchy of Normandy for Icing ChurlwV11..
he I1;1d ;in engaselltent with the Englisl~, the anllcicnt enemies of the Grown
of Prnllce, in n tidd near to the villn~c: of Formigny, in the diocese of
Bnyeus, in wliich engngement God gave him tlie victory, so thnt the
EnRlisli were ilefe~ted. which occasioned the rrduction of the whole
duchy and county of Normnntly to the obedience of the said Icing. For
this victory the duke, willing to render his thanks to God, vowed to erect
and dedicate, in the aforesaid field where tlv: victory was won, a chapel to
tile honour of .mylord St. Louis, ozrr ancicnl ]rvogmilor and prolccliw of
mvrrm of li~ance"(it is the king who speaks), 'I and to estublisli two
ehnplains as vicars, to celebrate u mass dnily, and perform such other
services ns may bc thought advisable for tlie snlvntion of the souls of
those nol~les and others wlro perished in thnt combat. For the liuvpose of
this foiindetioo, he had bought of Robert de Mnnnkville, esqaire, lord de "
la Vigne, the lands and lordship of Colombiers, in tlie county and
viscounty of Rapeux, held from his majesty at 20 livres yearly, ns a fief
noble, the whole valued at the sum of one liundred livres annual rent,
together with a pieon nf I;.nd, containing. about three roods, to build aud
erect the said cllnpel, which fiefs and land tlie king, by these letters,
panty in mortmai~~," &c.

his will. Saladin, wondering at this mimculons vision, ancl
the faith and devotion of the Christians, and exceedingly
moved, assertcd by the spirit of prophecy, that he should
either die or lose possession of the city of Jerusalem. And
his prophecy was fulfilled ;For lie dicd the Lent followin=.
CH. XVI I .-How King Richard celebrated Easter Sunday at Ascalon.
KING~~ICIIARDcclcbrnted the feast of Easter, wllicl~ fell
on the fifth of April, at Ascalon, with great magnificence; and
he supplied all who needccl with abundance of meat aud
think. For he caused his pavilions to be pitched in the nlea-
dows outside the city, and proviclecl in abundance every neces-
sary for his people to celebrate the occasion with splendour.
Nothing, I~owever, was there to be seen more glorious than
the ready good-mill with wliich thesc bounties were dispensed,
for courage in action always goes liancl in hand with libe-
rality; and where nobleness of heart harmonizes with deeds of
renown,-
" The stingy mind suits not the bounteous hand,
But rather checks its giving8 ; let each gift
Be e'er attended with a generous heart."
CH. XVII1.-IIOW the rebuilcling nj' Ascalon is conzpleted at the king's
cqensc.
ON Easter Monday, Ring Richard rcturned with tliliqence
$0 the work which lie liad comlnenced, and continued with all
cagerness the rebuilding of the city walls, and familiarly
urged the rest to proccctl in the work ; so that by his cmc
and co-operation it was all accomplisheci at his own expense,
and without the contributions of the French, who had departccl,
end who ought by right to have shared in the burden.
CH.XIX.-HOW King Richard set out to reconnoitre Gaza and Darzim.
ON Easter Tucsday, the king set uut with a few followers
to rcconnoitre Chza. Ou the Wednesday he set out to make
a close survey of Daruni, wallring roc~nd, and trying to ascer-
tsin t,Iie best point of assault. But tllc T dis shut thcmselves
up in Dalmn, and tllrew ont many missiles from bows and
arbdists with inuch abuse at the Iring and his men, as if the
placc were iinpregnable. When tlie king had fully surveyed
it, ho returned to Ascalon.

A.D. 1271.] CANOXIZATION OF ST. LOUIS. 529
Lody," wwhicl~ mas donc by thc tllcn nrchbisliop of Rlicirns,
and it was borne by Sir ITrnry de ViUiers, srchbisllop of
Lyon, and by seven1 arch bishops and bishops, whose names
I do not remember. After its trsnslation, Prinr Joll~l de
Senlours prexlled s public scrnlon. Among tho many tmils
of the life of tl~is holy king wliich he dwelt upon, was one
wl~icl~ I had told him : I mean, l~is great fidelity to hi.; word ;
he had simply given his
word to the S:waccns on any subject, there was nothing that
coultl prevent 11im from most strictly laxping it, wllnkver
migllt LC tl~c conscqucnccs; nor, for 100,000 livrcs voul~l hc
11ave brokcn his word. Prinr John, in his scmon, detarlcd the
' for, ns I have before said, wl~ene~er
* The body of St. Louis wns talcen from its tomb in the church of
St. Dcnis, and transferred to the holy cllapel in Paris in the year 1298,
Pope Boniface having granted indulgrnces to all who should assist at this
elevation 11y his bull, given at Rome the first day of June, in the fourth
year of his pontificnte. This translation was performed on the marrow
of the feast of Stlint Bartholomew, not in the yeu 1209, as Walsingl~i~m
writes, hnt in tl~e precrding year. A manuscript chronicle, which entls
at the yrnr 1322, lws thcse words :-" In this year King Philip h;ld tlle
fair body of Sint Louis, formerly king of Prance, brought froln the
'
churcl~ ol' St. Denis with great solenlnity, and attended by n~ultiturlcs of
people, on tlie morrow of Saint Bnrtholomew, which was just eigl1trc.n
years after he had departed ~l~is life." Stephen, arcllbishop of Ycns,
performed the service on the day of this trnnslation, in the cllurch of St.
Denis, in the presence of the prelutes. The expenses of this ceremony
were very great, as may be collected from a journal of the king's trensury,
beginning the first day of January, 1297, to the last day of Ueceml)er,
1301, whicll is in the Chamber of Accounts irt Paris. It infornls as
r that there were public festivals attended with great pomp ; that Raoul de
Beaumont, director of the Ititchen, spent 100 livres pilrisis; Robert de
Meudon, pnntler, 1,500 Iivres for tableclotl~s ; Alain Breton, horse-ser-
, geant to the Chhtclct, 10 livrrs for sctting to music the Iristory of Sni~~t
Louis ; Master Gaillaume, the silversmith, 300 livres for the workn~nnship
of the shrine or bier; Guillaurne de Flavacourt, linigl~t, GO livrre
for the espcn~-s of divers works that were made for this frstivnl ; the
king's fruiterers, 2,000 livres tournois for ligl~ts; R;ioul de Bcnumot~~,
king's cook, 1,500 livres parisis for plate ; Geoffiy Coqnatri.~ diferent
sums, as 611. wine dcliverrtl, and other things. In suort therr ware given
to the prnpri~tors of houses and stalls, whicll were pnlled down at Saiut
Dcnis fin. this feast, 255 1. 13s. ti dmiers parisis. The king comnla~ldrd
' several pcrsons to write the life of this holy king; nan~ely, i\lottsie~lr
Grnff',oy, ch:~l~l;iin to the lord James de SL. Pad, wln~s~ history is in print,
and M;~stcr Pctw ik 111 Crois of Amiens. Geoffroy received 30 livres and
Petrr de lo Culiv 10 livrcs. T11rl.e is likewise mention maclc, under the
durc of tin. IC,th PLlrch. 1?0!J, of Arthur of Florence, notary-public, to
whom WLLS given the sum of 200 livres tournoh.
2 M

A.D. 1192.1 DISCORD AMOKG THE CHRISTIANS. 271
CH.XX.-Uow the French, who were wcalled lo Tyw, anzz.sed themselves
onl?~ in IUXUT~J and laverns.
APT^ the French had clepnrtccl, as aforesaid? thosc who
hall been cllarged by thc king to conduct tl~em as fm as
Acre . . returned to the canlp at Ascalon; but the Frcncl~,
n.rJ'lvlng at Tyre, gavc tl~emselves up to all Iiinds of aruuse-
Inents, wl~icll we may think worth while hcre to mcntion.
The very men who were supposed to have been led by their
devotion to succour the Holy Land, now left the camp and
abandoned tl~en~selves to amatory and effcrninnte soup and
debaucheries, for, as was told by tbose who saw thein, they
delighted in dancing-women ;snd thcir luxurious apparel bespoke
their effeminacy, ror thc sleeves of their garments were
fastened with gold cllains, and they wantonly esposccl their
waists, which mere confined with embroi~lcred belts; and
they kept back mith their arms their cloaks, wl~ich were
fastened so as to prevent a wrinkle being scen in tbcir garrnents
; and that which waa once intended to cover their back,
was uow forced into the service of other parts of the body,
for thcir bellies, not their backs, mere covered hy their cloalrs;
and around their necks they more collars glittering witl~jewels,
and on their heads garlands interwoven with flowrs of every
hue : they carried goblets, not falcl~ions, in their hands, and
after spending whole nights in clrinlriug and carousinq, they
went, heated mith wine, to thc houses of prostitlltes, and if
by chance they werc preoccupied, and the door closed :~gninst
them, they pulled it down, giving uttc~~ncc to Innguage and
oaths which horrified tlrose who Ileard tllem, :LS is well Iinowu
frum the habits of tho French. In 3 word, tl~cir external
condition prored their inward levity. Sl~nmeon the French
for indulging in such excesses ! We do not :wert that all
mere guilty of this folly, lor tl~cre wcrc so~ne who mere much
con( er~~ed at their dissolute habits, and sorry for their discord
wi 111 King Itichsrd.
CH.SX1.-How the discord which arose belzocn the C'hrislians, UVKI
were now come lo the Holy Land, ncvcr occurred amo?agsl lhc ancients.
TREgrcat King Cl~arlen~ngne, famous for his deeds ancl
tl~e sul-,j~~gntion of so many I;ingtlon~s to his authority, when
lie set out for the conqucst of Spin is said never to have
suffered a quarrel to occur in his army. Such was the case

in words tht wcre nearly as folh~ :-" Lord God, us
grace to llave the powcr of dospisinl: and forgett~n: tile
tl~i~lgsof this world, So that We U:ly ll0t fear any evil."
I-Ie cnllerl, likewise, on St. Chcvievc. He t11e11 orderet[ his
body to be pl:~ccd on n bed of aslles, and, crossing his hands
on his imwt, with eyes uplifted to heaven, rcuderctl llis soul
back to his Creator, at the very ~ame hour tbnt orlr Lorcj
Jssus Cnurs.r expired on the cross for the salvation of his
people.
The death of this lroly prince was a melanc,holy event and
worthy of lamentation ; bw 11e llnd livcrl like n. s:~inf,, hntl
well taken care of his kingdom, and clone many religions wts
towards God. As an author has his book fincly illur~~iriated,
that grentcr honour and rcspect m;Ly be paid to it, so our late
holy liing ]lad illuminntetl his cor~ntry by his great alms, and
by the churches and monwteries that Ile llad erectccl nnd
founded ill llis lifc,time, in wllich, at this momcnt, Gocl is
praised and adored clay and night. The good kin^ departed
from this life to another on the marrow aftcr tllc fcnst of
St. Bartliolomew, and his corpse was brought to St. Deniv
in Frauce, and was bnried in the spot Iiu had some time
before fixed for his sepulture; in which p!nee, God has,
tl~rough his interccssionci, done rrlany and great miracles.
Soon after, by orders from the holy pontiff at Rome, a.
prelate of Prmlcc, who was arcl~bisbop of Rouen, in compnny
with another bishop, mmc to St. Denis, wherc they
rcm:~incclB long time, maliing incluiries into the life of the
go~d lci~~g St. Louis. They sun~rno~led me before them, and I
stnyed therc two days in relating all I knew of his life and
m:mners. When they 11x1xlnnde every necessary inquiry
respcctir~g this good king, they carried with thcm their report
to Rome ;where, having tholwgl~ly cmvnssed it, they placed
him anloug thc saints in padise. This was undoubtedly
joyful news to France, nntl ought to be so to the whole kingdom,
and a great honour to his desccnclants, particuldy such
ns may follow his exmple, but clishonoumble to tlrose who
shall not ; and they will be pointecl at by the fingers of thc
public, wlro will say, the holy nlnn, bad be been dive, wonld,
never have done such dis,ymccful acts.
Whcn intelligence of his cnnonixation wns brouqlrt from
Rome, the Icing appointed a clay for the lzising of his holy'

:~lsowhen hc nlncle his eqmli tion n,pitlst Saxony, where 118
p~:~~l'o~w~ctl so Irlnriy espll~its nrd utterly sul)duecl tl~c Ltn~on~
Wcrceli~t." 'IJilxwisc!, w11c11 lie went froni lton~e lo givo
I~nttlc to tl~at IIOWC~~II~ warrior, ~\;:.ulnnil, wl~o l~ncl lancletl at
I'isn, :L cily of Cnl:~Iu-i:~, rnit.11n. larp bl~dy of Snl.:~ce~~~ wl~icl~
udtl 11nw b ~ m ir~vincilh but for the divine aid, no cIisco:y'l
cvcr took pln.ce in his army. So :rlso, in the Innd of Jorusnlu~n,
sl~nttcrecl by so nlatly wnrs, during which so inacll
sl:nlgl~l,er of h! ~IICIIIY was rn,nclc, and so many Lnltles wrrc
sncccssfnlly fought, wl~ewver of yore we rend of fmnol~s
t1cc:cls of mns being cnrricd on, tl~elv was no q~~:~rrcl to divide
the nrniy who scrvetl uncler ouc gc:~:o.;~I, no fwtiouu ill-mill
to clisunite the people of dilfercnt n:~tions who foru~etl it, nor
dicl jcdonsy tlistrxct tLosc who werc under the ~II~~:LIICC of
one prince, nor wns reriling or i~~sdting 1nng:~ge Ilenrd of
mnougst ~IICIII,-I~:LY, they sliewc~l each otlm every honour
and kinclness, and tl~cy were cnllecl one people on account
of their unity, anlungst \VII~IIIno contention could last long.
This was the reason why the Prer~cl~ prevailed in those days
over all forcigncrs, and so likewise should wc inoclcrns in~itnte
with nrlvnnk~ge the evn~iiplc of thc ancients.
CH. SSI1.-Hoiu the prior of Hereford zrrm sen1 lo Ute Holy Lnnd.
Wuns E:lstcr was over, si~d the scnc;on for crossi~~g tl~csca
cmie on, the prior of llerefortl, nn Engli811 priory, cme \cith
n message fur King Richard wllicl~ put the wliole nrmy in
coinniotion. The prior bl.oug11t 1et.tel.s from Willia~n, bishop
of Ely, tl~e Iring's cl~.znccllur, infor~ning him that he :tnd tlic
otl~ers whom King lticl~nrd had Jepatecl to govern the
eolmtry in his absence, I~nd been i~~solentlyespelled fro111
the h,rtrcs:icu of the kingclon~, and some of thcir pwty kills11
in tl~e riots; elso, that by thc agency of the king's bro~l~cr,
Enrl .JO~III, tl:e clinnccllor, I~nil bcen driven from Englnnd ;
tlmt Chcr~ W:LS no more moncy in thu 1;iltg's trc:~sury or :~uy
wl~crc clsc, cxcept .rvl~at m u with tli%culty Ikept co~~cc:~lcd in
the cl~nldles. 11:adtlition to this, tl~e prior s:~icl that the sanle
ci~:~~~ccllor, [~riest, a d bisltop, h.zd bocn forced to fly to Norn~:rntly,
:ll'~or much airnoyance and ill-tre3trnr:nt; and tli:tt
the snit1 e:~rIrigoronsly cxnctell fron~ the enrl~ and noblcs of
thc 1:md tl~c oat11 of' dlegi:~nce, will1 Ilo~n;~ige, and the cnstody
g: Tllis appears to be an error fur Witoltind.

creet persons of a pure conversation, and give them with the
advice of well-advised, prodelit persons. Avoid going to
war with any Christian power, without mature deliberation,
and if it can in auywise be prevented. If thou gocst to
war, resy~cct chrchnen and dl who have done thee no wrong.
Slloul~l contentions arise between thy vassals. put an end to
tllem as speedily as possible.
"Attend frequently to the conduct of thy bailifs, provosts,
and othcrs thy officers : inquire into their behaviour, in order
that if there niny be ally nmendnient to be nide in tlleir
manner of distributing just.ice, thou mnyest make it. SIloulcl
any clisgrmxful sin, such as blaspllerrly or heresy, Le prevalent
in thy kingdom, have it instantly destroyed slit1 driven
thence. Be careful that thou ltcep a liber;~l estaLlisliujent,
but with economy.
"I beseech thee, my cldd, t,l~at thou hold me, and my
poor soul, in thy ~emcmbrnnce when I ;im no niore, and tl~nt
thou succour me by ni:wses, prayers, intercessions, alms, and
benefactions, throu,~liont tlly kingdom, and tlr:~t thou allot
for Ino a part of all the good acts thou shalt 1)erform.
" I give thee every blrssing thnt fnthe~ ever ImLowed OII
son, beseeching the whole Trinity of pnmdise, the P:~tllcr, the
Son, and the Holy Ghost, to preserve md gunrd the from
all evils, more pmticulmly tllnt tllou dic nvt under any tlcadly
sin, nnrl that we m:iy, ;xfter this nlortal life, ajpar together
before God, to rcnJcr hi111 prnisc nncl thanltsgiving, without
ceasing, in his kilplonr of 1);~r:~tlise. Amen."
Wlicn the good king St. Lollis hnd finished giving tho
above inst]-octionsto the lord l'l~ilip, his son, llis clisord~:r $0
grcntly incrensed, that Ile nsltctl for tlie sncmnicnts of the
holy churclr, which werr duly ntl~ninistcrcrl to him, widst Ilc
eujoyccl full lifc nntl perfect ~iiernory. 'I'liis was very nppnrcnt
~vlien thy cmie to the unction ; for wlicu they CII:I.II~CCI
tlrc scven penitentia.1 psnlnre, he hiniself repeated the responses
with the assistants, who replied to the priest that n7ns nnoirlt-
ing 11ini. I have siuce heard from nly lord the count d'Alen-
pn, his son, thnt whilc the good king was in the agonies of
cleath, Ire nde efforts to call on all the saints in paradise to
come and aid lrinl in his distress. He in particular a.lletl on
IIIV lord St. J:mcs, in revcatina his prn.yer. which bccins
kstu Domine." I-Ie prayed to 1Ey lord SL ~knisof ~&ce,

of the castlcs. I-Ie had also arl,itmrily I:~icl Irnnll.~ on the
king's yesrly revenucs, nnmely, those of the escllecluer.
" And," said the prior, " if your majesty docs not hIic speedy
counsel on these mattcrs, and return home with all haste nnd
avenge our wrongs on the insurgents, it will fare worse, nnd
you will uot be able to recover your Iiingclorn witl~out the
hazard of a war." The king was cxcceclingly astonished at
wllat he heard, and turning it over in l~ivmind for a long
time, mid but little, for he thought it incredible 2nd a piece
of wickedness csceeding belief. W1:ere is the mo,n whc,
when his wealth is plu~~dered, bears it pntieut!y ? Who
endures wrongs without a murmur? Fear, in itu anxiety,
gives all things, Lowevcr u~~ccrtaiu, an appenr:mce of probability;
and when n, confused state of afiirs colnes to the
ltnowleclge of others, tlley arc thcmelves clisturlcci, and tl~rir
minds are apt to be alarmed lest every tl~ing shot~lcl turn out
disordercd. The discord of princes is scldon~ to be allayed;
but if King Richard should be obliged to retnrn honrc, probably
not a man would remain in the Holy I;and, as there
was jealousy and strife between the people of Tyrc aucl AScalon,
md without a. doubt the Turks would 11:rve possession
of the land for ever.
Cn. XXII1.-How the army, on hearing the sccrcl news Broughl By Ihe
kiny'a mcssmgm, look coun.~cl to clroose n king for ilrenluclucs; and
how the peoplc preferred Ure marguis lo King Guy.
ONthe nlorrow, the king lraving cnlled tngetller the lenders
of the army, laid bofore them the news which he had hcnrd,
fully explaining the words of the prior, and at the same time
dcclnring that Ile mnst, of necessity, return home directly, but
proinisecl to furnisl] to the campaign in the Holy Land tllree
hundred knights and two thousand chosen foot soldier.;, nt his
own expense. IIc then inquired who would return with him,
and who would day behind ? Hc would compel no one to do
either, but left it entirely to their own choice. Having talien
counsel, in common, on this point, they made thc following
reply to the Iring's inqniries :-That as the land was ssufiring
from the discord of ccrtnin p:rrLies, and the issue of events
was still uncerbin, cspecinlly w Icing GuyI~ad not yet erected
his purpose of ~ccorcring the Iringdonl, they thoql~t it alsolutely
necessary that a new king should be appointed, to
T

52G JOINVILLB'S i\lRMOIRS OF SAINT LOUIS I?(. [PC. 11.
such compmions as are honest and loyal, and not full of
vices, wl~ether they be cbut~chmcn, monks, seculars, or others.
Gc Avclicl the society OF the wiclied ; and force tliysclf to
listen to tho word of God, and to retain it in thy henrt. Bes
continually iu thy pryers for pardon, and the ren~ission ot
tlly sins. Lovc thine honour. Take care not to s~~ffer any
one to dnre utter words in thy presence that may excite to
sin, nor any alunlny of mothel; whether he be present or
:~bsent; nor :my thing disrespectful of God, his holy mother,
or of the saints.
u Offer thnnks frecluently to God for the prosper it,^ and
othcr good tl~ings he givcs thce. Be upright, and do jostice
strictly to dl, to the jboor ant1 to the rich. Be libeml nnd
good to thy servants, but firm in thy orders, that they mmny
fear and love the as tthei~ master. If any controversy or
dispute arise, inquire into it until tliou comest to the truth,
~vhethor it be in thy favour or against thee. If thou possess
any tl~ing that does not belong to thte, or that may have
come to thee from thy predecessors, and thou be informed
for a trnth tlmt it is not thine, cnuse it instantly to be restored
to its proper owner. Be particularly attentive that
thy subjects live in peace and security, as well in the towns
as in the country. Mnintain such liberties and franchises :m
thy ancestors have donc, and preserve them inviolate ; for by
tho riches an1.1 powcr of thy principal tomus thy enemics will
be afiaid of sIfrontinp or attacking thee, more especially tby
equals, thy barons, and such lilre.
'< Love aud hononr all churchmen, and be mrefd not to
deprive them of any gifts, revcnues, or alms mllich thy
ancestors or predecessors may llnve gmnted to them. It is
yoported of my gmndhther Philip, that when one of his
counsellors told llim that the chu~chn~en were making him
loso his rcvcnues, roynltics, nncl even his rights of justice,
:~nd that Ile was surp;ised IIOW IIC suffered it, the Icing replied,
tl~at lie helie~ed it W:IS SO, but that God had shewn
lhn so much fnvour, aud gmutetl him such prosperity, that ha
had rather lose dl Ile had, tlinn have any dispute or contention
wit11 the servants of his llrlly chnri:h.
"I3e to thy htlm :~ud motller clutifr~l and respectful, aurl
avoid angrring tllem by thy ilisob~dirnce to thci~ just cornmnnds.
Givo such benefices as nnly bccome vwnnt to dis-

274 ITINERARY Or RICIIARD I. [I?. V. C. 2.1.
nrllon~ all should pay allegiance, and to wl~ose carc tl~c land
should be cntrustctl, tlnt IIC might fight tl~c batller of the
peuple ; one, in fine, w11on1 the army could follow anql obey ;
and if this should not be settled before the Iring's tlc~~:wture,
that they wonld, one and all, dcpsrt from the hntl, fur they
sllould not otlierwise bc able to guad it n.,pinat the enenly.
011 the king inquiring, in reply to this, which of the two tllcy
would ralller hove for king, Icing Ciuy, or t.h n~wquis, the
whole army, high and low, entrc;~.tccl, on tlreir LCLI~CCI linecs,
tllst the ularquis sllould be elevnted to Lllo sovereignty, as
much better able to rlefeutl the country than my otl~cr they
euuld clioose. The Iriug, listenirlg to their pctilion, ccnsured
them in geutle ternis for tlleir ficl;lcncs, for tl~cyIld before
tllis often clctnctetl from the cliamcter a d gooil cl~~slities of
the marquis.
CH. XS1V.-Horu King Richnwl, to sa2i.rjiJ Ihc people, scnl fur ILc
ma~p~~is, Ibuugh howu lo be sedilious mrt ilc leugsc with Soladin.
&NG RICIIARD, when lie had weighed well the pctition of
the pcople for choosing the mnrquis as their king, gave his
smcrlt, and nppoiiltccl noble men to go to Tyrc, and bring back
the msrqnis wi tll dl clue lioiiour. On the king's giving his consent,
a geuerd decree was unanin~ously issued for the election
of the mnrquis, and certain men of high rank, via., Benry
Connt of Cl~a~npqne, Otllo dt! Transinges, nud Willinin tle
Czgue, were sent by sea wit.11 a retinue, to impart ihe good
ncws to the marquis at Tyre ; but, as the p~orcrb says,
"There is many n clip 'twixt the clip and the lip !" for G-od
proved the nisrquis to be unworthy of the ltiugdum ; and a8
a. further evidence of his ,judgment of hi111, we may altl this :thal;
after the departure of the French, King Ricl~x-cl 11:d
%lied the marquis, as IIC had often doue before, for the aid
which was required to rccowr the liingdoln, ns we have
alrendy snid, but he refused it obstinately, so that blame must
descrvcdly be imputed to him ;and over mid above tllis, he was
diligently plotting aginst the honour of the king's crown,
nud the army at Ascdon, by entering into a trenty of po:m
with Saladill, on the conditions that Im shoultl conle to l~im
mtl swear to observe coucorti hereafter, nnrl that thc Christixns
sliould hnvc a.share of Lhe city of' Jernsalem ; :II~-Lhnt
he should lxcve tllc fortress of Plnrutti, and Sidon, nud ldf the

A .I,. 150.1 DRAT11 OF TIIE XING. 525
beforc tl~e c~stlc of C~l.rtl~age,he was seizcil wit11 :L dysentery;
tl~e lortl Philip, l~is eltlcst son, was nttaclicll wit11 the
same ciisordcr, md s quart:m nguc. The good king took to
his bcd, a.nd, well knowing Ile was about to quit tl~iv life for
n.noll~er, cnllcd to l~is cl~iltl~,c~~, nncl, adtl~wsing I~inlsclf to llis
eldest son, gave tl~eu~ instructions, ml~ich IIC COIIIIII:LIIC[C~ tl~en~
; to conl;iiclcr m his last will, and the objects which they wc~e
to attcntl to wl~cn he sl~o~~lil be deceasccl. I l~nvc I~mril tht
d
tl~ogood king hncl writtcn out these instructions with his own
II:LII~, ant1 that they were LS follow :
" Vair son, the fi~stadvice tllnt I sliall $\re tile- is, that,
with all thy licart, and above all other things, tlmu love God,
for without this no man can be saved. Be most careful no5
to do any thing tht may displease Him ; that iu to say, n.void
sin. Thou oughtest to desire to suffer any torn~ents ratlie~
than sin mortally. Sl~oultl God send thee adversity, receive
it patiently, give him tl~;rnlcs for it, and believe tlmt thou Iiast
well ilcservetl it, antl thnt it will turn out to thine honour.
Sl~ouldLc gmnt thee prospcrity, be I~u~nbly grateful for it;
but take c.are tl~ou clo not become worse, througli pride or
. .,
preuun~ption, for it behoves IIR not to nlalie war against God
for his gifts. Confess thysclf often, and choose such a dis-
creet and wise confessor as mny Iinve abilities to point out
to thee the tl1in39 necessary for thy s:~Ivation; and what
things thou o~~gl~test to shun ; and lnaycst tlion be such o
charncter, thnt thy coufessor, relations, antl acqnnintance may
boldly rcprove tllcc for any wrong thou mayest have done,
and instruct tl~cr! how thou sl~onlclest act. Attend the service
, . of God, and of our motllcr churcl~, wit11 h~wtfelt devotion,
more particularly the mass, from the consecmtion of the
holy body of our Lord, withut laughing or gossiping
with any one. Have always a compassionnte heart for the
poor, mil assist and conifo~t them as much as thou cnnst.
"Kcep up and mnintain good manners in thy Icingtlom :
abase 2nd punish the bad. Preserve thyself fro111 too great
luunry ; and nevw lay any heavy imposts on thy people,
'
unless through necessity forced to it, 01.for the dcfence of tlry
country. If thy Iicart feel any discontent, tell it instantly
to thy confessor, or to any sober-mindccl pcrson, that is not
full of viclwd morclu : thou mayest thus more casily bear it,
from the co~isolstion he nlay give thee. Ee careful to choose

A . ] TIC2 ;MARQUIS ELECTED KING. 27'5
1:~nrl nn this side the river Jordan. To tliesc terms Salnrlin
ra~rlily nsscr~btl in spite of his brothcr, who ol>poscd tllcnr ;
md, ns: wc IIC:LL.LI ;~ficrwnr11s,cor~stnrlllypcrsudde S8:hlin to
yve to no conditions of peace wit11 :iny of the Cllristinns
w~tl~ont LIE couscnt ol'Kiq Ric11:~rcl. cLTi;crc is no1 n bettcr
nun ~~I:LIIhe in Cllristendo~i~,"
stlid Snphxlin ;" nor IILY 11e
hiv n18:ttch for probity ; and I will neitl~cr advise, nor assent to
tl~econfir~uation of' pencr, unlc.?s wit11 his consrnt nncl 11rivity.I'
By tllcse mcans tl~c inbn~uus tlcsign was abandoned, and tho
trcnso~~ failed of succcss. Tho existence of tl~is plot was
cl~:lrly pro\-cd n.f'h*wada; for cluring the timo tl~~t w~b:~ssndors
wcrc going to mcl fro, between S;~I:ldiu 2nd ilks
mnrq~~is, to arrange and negolinte the lnattc!~., Sicpllen de
r 7
lorn~hsn I~:~pl~c~~ecl tc~IIICC~tl~c~n coming orlt of Jeri~sn.l~:nl
from the pl.cscllcc of Pnldiu. They werc men notorious for
infm~~y of ch:~r:~ctcr;OII~? of tlwu w:~called R~L~J:LLI of
YLeliu, the otl~or, lZ~?gillnld of' Sitloa; b:it we pas tlm~ by,
for dl their :LIIX~OIIScntlc:~vonrsand zeal came to nougl~t, lilio
dust, wl~icll a ma11 sc:~.ttcm ;&,pinst the wind.
CH. XSV.-How the marquis, mz Aeoring 2hn6 he had been chosen
king, was elrrlcrl ,toilh !/real yo{/, us wcl1 as Iris Ji-ienh; and how the
Zn/ies-prq~n~~etl amour fir lhcnuelves, and every Uriny %ecess.un~ fur
his coronaliun.
Trre amb:wndols, who 11:r.d bccn scnt to fth4~ the mnrcl~~is,
arriving at Tyre, sot forth to hi111 110wl)e l~nd been unanimously
chosen lti~lg by the wholc arluy, and with the cmscnt
of King Ricl~nrd ; aud tlmt tile crown of the lriugdon~ 11d
been g~u~tctl to Iii~n,if 11e w0~1d conlo with Iris nriny slid perform
the dillies tllurcol; vigorously slid bravely, against tho
Turks, and apply 11inls:lf zo t,he govern~nent of tl~c lii!lgdon~
of Jerusalem in 9.11 other ~nnttcrs 33 his own. On lienring
this, it is said, that thc mnryuiu, in the excessive joy of Lis
lienrt, stretched forth his llautl to I~ei~vcn, and prayed tlms :
'' 0 Lord God ! who I m crcn led Ine, :~nd infused life into my
body; who art s just and merciful King; I pray Thee, O
Lord, if thou tf~inltest ine deserving of the goverli~nent of Thy
ltiu,qlom, grant me tc; sce ~nysclf crowned ;but; if Thou judgest
otherwise, conseut not thou to my promotion !" JVhen it
bocnm well lrnon-n througl~out the cit,y of Tyro tl~nt the
marquis was to be crowuctl lii~lg, SO grent w:ls the joy of the
people, that they got iu rendincss whatewr they had, and
T 2

524 JOTNBILLE'S I\IRMOIIIS OF SAINT LOUIS TI. r:'~. IT.
our Lady in Mnrcb, that I fell aslcep (luring 111atin serviCc.
In n~ysleep, I thougl~t1SDW the king on his ltnces More :Ln
altnr, ant1 that he MYIS surroundecl by mnny prclnlos wile
clothccl l~irn with n rcd cl~nsublc, tllnt wns of serge of liI1ci11~~.
\Vllcl~ I awnl.;enctl, I told me of IIIY cha,phins, w110 W:XS 2
Ivnr~~cd III:LII, n ~y JI.~:LIII, \vho i~if'o~~nrcd nle t11o.t the kin; W:LS
thc rrcst rl:l,,y Lo pnt 011 the crosu. I askc11 I~iul hosv 11e knew
this : Ire rcplic:cl, by wl~zt I l~ad told 11jn1 of my vision ; and
tht tlrc re(( chnsuble I 11nd sccn him clothctl wit11 signified
tl~e c l ~ of ~ s our Lori Jesus Christ, w11icl1 was dyed with tho
pmcions l~loorl IIC I~nd shed for us ; nrltl, as the ch;is~~blc was
of scyc of ltl~eir~~s, the croisnde \voul~l be of n short duration;
2nd the truth of wl~l~t Ire said I slloulcl be witness to ou the
morrow.
Now, on the next day, thc king nnd his tliree sous did put
on the cross ; and the croisadc was a trifling I)usiness, as tl~e
c11:~pl:zin h:l~l forctold to me the preceding day. Tlris nwic
Ine con::itler it as a proplrecy. When this was done, tl~e Bin?
of' Z'KII~Cnnrl the killg of hT:lvm.re pnxsed rue stroi~gly to put
or1 tllc cross, nnd unclcrtnl;e a pilgrimage with them; but I
replied t.ltnt when I wns bclo1.e beyond sen; on the ser14ce of
God, tl~c ofliccrs of the Iring of Fmnce I d so firievously oppressed
my people tllnt tl~cy wcre in a shte of poverty, insotl~uclr
thst we sl~ould have gent diflicnlty to recover our-
selves ; :in11 tint I XIW clearly, wcrc I to undertake mother
croisade, it would be the tntnl I.II~I~ of nly pcople. I have
heard nmny say since, tl~:~t tl~osc who 11:lcl advisetl him to this
croisatle 1i;d bccn guilty of a grent crin~e, and h;~d sinned
tlenclly. As long ns he remained in his kinplon~ of Fr:mcc,
every thing wcnt on well, nncl :~il lived pexeably and in seclrrity,
but tl~c nwuent 11e left it tlrinp began to decline. They
were criminal ill another respc,cl, for the good 1~ir1.g wns so
weakened in his 1)ody tlrat he could not support the weight of
his nrmoar, nor rcn~nin long on Iiorselnck. I remember that
I was once forcctl lo carry hi111 in my nrms from the house of
tlle count d'Ausel.re ns fbr as t,he convcnt of the Cordeliers,
when wc 1:~11clcd on our return fro111 Pnlrstine.
Of l~is cspellition to Tunis I will say uot.hin,:, for I was
not of it, nnrl 3111I~c~oI\wI not to inxrt nn,v thing in this book
but wh:~t 1 nln pcrl'cctly ccrtnin is trne. ]-:tit T will my, that
duriug the time the good king Saint Loois wns at Tunis, and

used tl~eir 11t1nost diligence to prepnre for cclcbrfit.ing I~is coronation.
Tl~ey borrowed money to bny robes 2nd. arlnour, for
tIley wished to ndce the most splendid nppcarancc possil,le
in t11e service of one SO magnificent, wllo Ilnd bcerl raisccI to
so high a dignity. Mcn wcrc now to be seen cleaning t[leir
armour, polishir~g their rusty arms, shnrpening their srvol-da,
and rubb~ng tlicir Inncc~ ; soldicrs 2nd boys e~igngecl in sllam
h&ttles, and nirr.intai~~ing the appenrance of a red conflict of
conlbatnnts, bonsting at the yam tinic of tllc future destr~iction
of the Turks ;and, in fact, tliey wcre :L brave people, 11~~1
tllcy not not been witlwut the Divine aid. Thus they indulged
in joy, the more unrcasonalle, for being so intemperate,
ucurding to the proverb,-" IVc sl~ould not rcjoice too
ninclt, nor grieve t.oo inuch," for nll esccss iu reprcl~ensible.
CH. XXV1.-How 1Ae mrguis was slabhl with two poniartls, hy two
young mun, assassins, sen1 by the 0111man (senior) Mtme.
MELNW~ILE, Count Hen~y, after executing his en~bass~,
turned off with his coinpanions to Acre, to equip themseh-es
in becoming attire for the coronation, and wcrc on the point of
returning to Asmlon, when tlre nlarquis was ovcrtn1;en by suclden
death nt Tyre. For it llappencd one d y thst he was retrrrning,
in a very cheerful and pleasant humour, from sn entertninment
given by the bishop of Benuvais, nt which Ile I~nd Gccn a
guest, 2nd had reached tlic custom-house of tlic city, when
two young men, n~nssins,* without cloaks, snildcnly r~rsl~ecl
upon him, and having drnwu two poniards, which they
carried in thrir hands, st,itl>bed him to the I~cnrt, 2nd ran off
at full speed. The marquis instantly fell from his horse, and
rolled dyingon the ground; on(! of fhc nu~rdcrcrswns slniri clirectly,
but the second took sllelkr iu :I, r:li~u,cl~ ;notsitl~stnntling
which lie wns cnptured, and contlr:~i~~wtl t

A.D. 12G7.1 TUG BARONS SUMMOXED. 523
could prevent him from acting on every occasion with the
strictest justice. In s short time, population increased so
1nuc11 tl~rougl~out tho realm, from the justness and uprightness
lhnt reignctl, that the estates, rcnts, anti revenucs of the
kingdom were in one year nearly doublccl, nncl the country
ww very much i~nprovetl.
From his enrlicst youth 11e was wry co~npwiionnte'to the
poor ad tl~ose 11nde13 misfortune ; wllicl~ so mucl~ increased
as he grew up, that, during his reign he was nccr~ston~ecl to
feed daily six score poor people at his titblc in wl~ntevcr port,
of the kingdom he might be. Iu Lent the nurnLt-1,s of the
pool. wcro grentcr ; nnd ofttimes I have seen l~i~n serve them
himself, nntl from his own table. On the vigils of annaal
fe.stivnls, beforo IIO 11nt.l cnten or clru~~k, he served the poor,
~ I O ,when fed, away a ccertnin suin of money each.
Iu short, tho Iring St. Louis gave away sucl~ immense sunis
in nhns that they cannot be told no^ counted. Some of his
household murmured at these pest gifts nnd al~ns, finying hc
was too extravagaut in these expenses ;but tLc good king replied,
tl~nt 11e had rather spend such large sum in sl111s than
in follies and vanity. However, for all this expense in :~lrns,
he did not keep the lcss ,gmncl l~ouecl~oltl, ml~icll was costly
and liberal, and sucl~ as bccst~io so grcat a prinoe. He was
naturally generolls ; ancl, during the parli:~ment,s ant1 councils
that wcre held for the cstablisl~nlonl ol' Itis ncw regulations,
he entertained daily at his court all tho lords and ItnighL9
tl~st attended them, with grenter nquificcnce tl~nn any of
11is prerlccessors 11sd done. 1-16 wns ~tt:1c11~11 to all who
scrvccl God, and in conscquclwc founhl 111auy monasteries
and religious houses in various parts of Iris rcaln~, and even
surromded Paris with different orders of religion, whose
houses he founded and endowed with his own money.
After he lrad ar~mgcd his new cstablisl~~nenty 11e summoned
all thc barons of his realm to meet him during the Lent at
Paris. I-le sent for me at Joinvillc, and I Ll~ooght to excuse
n~ysclf from goi~~g 011account of n qua~'tan njine tl~at I 11nd ;
but he sent me word, t11at hc Lad enough of people who knew
how to cure a qonrtm ague, ancl that fro111 thc love 1 bol-c
him I musl come to Paris. I obeyed, but when I was there
1 could never find out why he hat1 thus summoned 811 tlie
great barons of his Iiingdoln. It hsppenccl, on the festivd of

had donc it by the corn~ll~nd of thcir s~ilmior, whom they
were bo1:ncl to obcy. This turned out to be true ; for tlwe
very YOUII~ Inen had bcen some time in t h ~service of tile
mnrquis, waiting for a fnvourahlo opportunity to completc the
deed. The old Irlan of Mnsse I d sent the112 over to assns.innt,e
the rnwqoia, wl~onl he thonght wort11y of I~CD~~I, rriti~in a
certain spacc of time ; for every one the ulcl Inan judgcd dcscrvil~g
of' death, bs ca~~scd to be nssa.qsinatecl in the same
mnnner. Tho old nlnn of Mussc, according to hereditary custom,
brongir t 111) a Inrge nunher of nohle boys in his palace,
c,zusing them to be twght every kind of lcnrning and ncconiplislunent,
nud to be instructed in various Iang~~:~ge.i., until
they could converse in tlicm witl~out thc aitl of nu inlcrpreter,
in my nntion of the Icnown world. Cruclt,y of the grcatast
dcg~~c was also incu1~;~ted with profo~~ncl secr(.sy; and the
pul'ils wcrc cn,refully md nnsiowly trained to follow ii, up.
W~ICII h y re:d tile age of puberty, the senior calls ti~cn~ to
11in1,md c11joi11u011 tlmn, for the renlission of their sins, to slay
some great Innn, wl1o111 he nicntions by nanle; and for this
purpose lie givcs to c:~c11 of then1 s ponisrtl, of terrible length
ant1 sharlmcss. From tbeir devoted ole~licnce, they ncver
11csit;~tc to set out, as they are conimnndcd; nor do they
pausc 11nti1 they Inve reached tl~c prince, or tyrnnt, who lias
lwcn pintecl out to the~n; and they remain in his service until
they find R farouml)le opportunity for acco~nl)lisl~ing their
1,urpose ; for by so doing they believe they sl~all gain the
fnvonr of I~eavci~. Of this sect were the persons who slcw
the ni:t,~-qi~is.
Now wl~ilc he wns brcztl~ing his last, the attendants who
were n.bout I~ini tool; him up in their arms and carried him lo
the p:al:we, n~onrning and weeping inconsolably ;the more so,
as ttcir joy 11:d becn, but now, so great. I-Ie enjoined his
wife to attend caref~~lly to the preservation of the city of Tyre,
and to resign it to 11o one.sm7c King Richard, or to whon~soever
the Iiingcloni sl~oulcl fall by right of heirship. Im~nediately
aftcrw:lids hc expired, and wns buried in the EJospihJ, amidst
grcnt mooruing sncl lamentat.ion. Thns the former state of
escitenicnt and public joy NW cut sI10rt ; and the clorni~lion
so long desircd, but 1101; yet srculwl, vanished. The cheering
hopes of tht desohte lend were destroyed, and iutenso
grief superseded the fornler gladness.

when seveml we in one office, we order that one of them do
its duties for all.
" WC forbid, lilmvise, my tlisscizure of possession witllout
acsigning a proper remon for it, or 11wi11g our special colll-
nin~itlsto that purpose. WCorrlcr that tlml.c be no atlditiollnl
~WCS 11~ised,nor m y other impost$ or custoll~s wlintever.
W o will that our bsilifli, provosts, mayors, viscounks,
:~.nt.l otller our otlicers, who sl1:11l $1 any ti~nc be deprived of
tl~clir oltices, nnd dismissed our service, do renlain after
clisiniscion forty days within the districts wLc?l.e thcir a],poi~it~l~ents
lay, either personnlly, or by sufficient proxy, to
answer to tl~ose who shall bo their successors, to such questions
as they shall di toucl~ing thcir evil deeds c~nd the
comphints made apinst them."
J3.y tllcse regul;~tions, the king greatly improved the state
of his Iiingdom, inson~ucll that every one lived in peace anti
security. You nu st know that in former times the oftice of
tbc provuatship of Paris was sold to the highest Lidclcr;
whollcc it hyppened tl~et n~any rol~beries and other crimes
were cornmittotl, and justice was corrupted at its source, by
favour of frientls, gifts, or promises. The colilmon people
were afraid of dwelling in the opcn country of France,
which, by this means, was almost a desert. Ottcntimes there
werc not ten prisoners when the provost held his ossizcs,
notwithstanding the multitucle of crimes that were daily
com~nittcrl. For this he would not that the provostship
sl~ould be sold, as it was au ofice he wonld give to some
wise and upriglit mm wi~he sufficient salary for his expenses,
and to snppoi-t his dignity. I-le also nbolis11~J all
the he;i,vy taxes, tliat had bcfore weighed on the conlnlun
people.
Iio nmle inquiry throogl~out tlk realm for n lenrned and
l~onest mm, who understood the Isws, and would rigorously
puiAl ~nnlefnctors, mitliout rug.zrrling the rich more than the
poor. 111 consequence of this, Steplien Boilean was brought
to [~im, to rvt~on~ Ilc gnvc the provostship of Paris, and who
evcr nt'tcr did wonde~s in tl~c micl office, so tllat henceforth
no robber, murderer, or other ~ll:~Icf:~ctoi* could remain in
Paris without his having instant Irnowledge thereof, nnd he
W;LS sure to be 11:mged or pi~nisl~cd vcry ~cvcrtly nccording to
the greatuess of his guilt. No fricnds, relations, or money

In the confusion which now prcvniled amo~lgst tile
people, the tnrcs which on enemy had sown sprung up 3.11d
corr~~pted the wheat,. For it was whispcrccl by ccrtzin of tllc
French, who so~lgllt to veil their own wicl;ctll~eus by sucll 3.
falsehood, and they infused it into the minrls of all the pcoplc,
tlmt IGog Rich:~rd had vilely bro~~pht al~out the rle3tIl
of tllc marquis, and that lic lincl hireci tllcsc me11 SPOI~the
Assnssins for that purpose. Oh, inftimolis and ~unlicious envy,
that always carp at virtue, 11atcs wht isgootl, and et~clcavours
to Llaclien the splendonr wl~icli it cnnnot cxtiug~~jsl~ ! Nor
were they conlent wit11 defxniing the char:~cter of King
Ricllarcl in tllosc quarters, but also sent :I wnrlllng to the
king of Fmncc, to be on his gunrd ngni~~st the sntellitcs of the
old lnan of Musse ;detailing the manner in wl~idl the ~narquis
died, and stating that Kiq Ricllard llnd directed row of tllcse
llii~listcls of superstitio~~ against Ilirnself. Whet did not they
deserve who f:hricaLt'd such mist.eprescntntions, By mems
of which so many nntions are believed to hve bcen confonndccl,
and so ~nnrlyprovinces sllnken ! Tl~c inf:~.l~~ous
nutllors tllought, by the invention of tl~is malicio~~~ slmder,
to atld to their own strength, and perhaps palliatc tllcir owu
wickedness.
AFTERtlic marquiswas bnried, the Frendl, w11o livccl in tents
outside the city, to the on1111)er ol :~lmat111,000, met together,
oncl after a, long discussion, seut nrrlr!~ to the wifc of the
marrj~~iu,bidding her to place tlw city in thir cllargc, without
clelsy or oppositim, for the servic:e of th: I~hg of Prance. But
the gneen replictl, tht when King liicl~:t.~~tl csnie to scc Iw, she
woulll give it up to him, :~nd to nu o11c i,l.

"I
,
,
'
~.1>.1254.] JUDICIAL ORDINANCES. 521
only for the pnnishment tlmt mny ensue at ow bnnd.~, but
for few of public disgace aud the judgment of Gocl here-
:&el..
likewise forbid 2nd prol~ibit ail our said bailiKy,
provosts, Innyors, judges, and otllers ow officcr~, eill~er to
sweu Iry or I)lnapl~cn~e tl~ename of God, his holy motl~zr, or
the blessctl snints in pnl,:zdise, or to pne wit11 tlicc, or to freq~lent
ttnver~~s, or l~ol~scs ol ill-fame, n~lder ~~endty of clcprivntion
of office al~d undergoing such otl~er punislimcnt as
their crimes n1cl.y descrvc. We order, likewise, that collllllon
prostitnler~ :uiJ WUIII~II 100 ~ I Wof il~cir favours, I)(: fut nut of
privn.te houses, and sepnrated fro]-11 others of :L clifl'erent bclraviour;
and that no person let to hire any llouse or hnbib~tion
f ~ then1 ~ r to mrry on tbeir libidinous trade and vicious habits
cf luxury.
" Wc also forl~id and prohibit any of our bailifk, provosts,
mayors, or others our ol-licers, to have the 1)ulduess to
acquire or purcll:~e,by tl~e~nsclvcsor others, any lands or
possessions iu tlic districts over which they l~nve bcm appointed
to nclminister justice, witl~out our being prcviously
m,de acquninted therewith, and our leave and liccnsc first
11d and ohtninc~l. Sllould they act otherwise, wc will and
tlcclnre thnl such 1:wls and possessiong so acquired, be confiscated
to our benefit.
" In like nlanncr, we forbid any of our aforesaid sul)erior
ofljcers, so long as tl~ey sl~dlbe in our scrvice, to mimy tlrcir
sons, tlanghters, or other relations they may have, to any
persons within their bniiiwicks or district, without our special
permission first obtninctl. Wc also include qitl~in tlic
above prohibitions of acqr~isitions of property and marriage,
all other inferior judges, or otlier subx.1tcr11s of ofice.
" We likewise forbid nny bailif, provost, or other, to have
too great 3 nunher of' sorpennts or ben.cllcs, so tlint tlie people
nlay be nggrievcd tl~ercnt.
" We also forbid :my of onr sul!jects to be personally
arrested or in~prisoned t'or :~nydeLb of Q~eirs, but what uiay
be owed to the crown, and that any fine be levie~l ou ;any of
our eul),jects for debt.
"We likewise ordni~~ tlm,t time who may hold our provostshipa,
visco~~ntsliips, or othcr oflices, clo not scll nor transfcr
them to any otllcr person n'itllo~~t our conscnt. And

this reply, m~d wllile they asre striving to obtain possession
of the city, Co~nt Henry, nstonisl~ccl at what lie Ilenrd 11n.d
talm ~~lnce, cane onespectcdly to Tyre; and when he people
saw II~III nnmngst tl~en~, tlicy forthwith chose him 11s their
priucc, :LSif he I~nd bet11 sent by Got1 ; and began with much
earnect~less to entreat Irin~ to accept tl~e crown of the kingdom,
without cscuse or lrc&:~tion, and to nrsi-ry the widow of the
marquis, as the ki~~gtlonl was hers by right of inlreribnce. To
this he rcplicd, tl~nt he woul~l act according to the advice uf
his uncle, King lLiclt:~rd, respecting tl~e settlerncnt of the
business, to wI1ic11 it lrnd plcnsed the Lord to call him ;Q U ~
inimedi;~tcly, nntbnssndors were sent to nnnouncc to Ring
Richard the soletun clcction of Count I-Iewy by all tAe peo-
ple, and the horrible assnssination of the marquis.
CH. XX1X.-Of the grenf zeal tuifh which Kin7 Richard fortght, sl~w,
alrd made cnptivo of the Furks.
ME~NWIIILE, before the Inesscngers from Tyre to i

hlishments he fornled for the bcnefit of his l

280 ITINERARY OF RIC[IARLI I. V. CC. 31, 32.
CA.X?(XI.-OJthejgAt bclween King Riclrard and a boar that Ire me/,
and of the king's boldness in tho contest
ON the Weduesday before the feast of St. 1Iarli the ev;mgelist,
the king and his army set out to Ciadidn .to protect the
city, but foi~ntlno one there, for the enemy had taken to flight
wllcn they llcsrd of his corning. On their way bnck, the
king stbckccl a fierce bow, which, lienring the noisc of the
party passing by, had come out and stood in the way. The
fierce aninml, foaming at the mouth with rage, and with hi3
shzggy hair bristling up, and his ears erect, seemed to be
collecting dl his strength and fury to rcceive or m:ke an
attack. He did not move from his place when the king
shouted; nay, when the king made a circuit round him, he
1~1soturned himself in his stonislment round in a circle, and
kept in the same plxe which he had first occupiecl. Tho
king now rnslring use of his lance for a hunting spear, moved
on to pierce I~im; and tho boar, turning 3 little to one side,
prepared to meet him. The anirnal was of enormous size, and
terrible aspect, and the lance which was boldly tl~rustagainst
his broad breast broke in two, from not being strong enough to
bear the pressure of both, as they were closing with each
other. The boar, now rendered furious by his wo~lncl,rushed
with 3U his might upon the king, wllo had not an inch of
room, or n, moment of time to tnm away ;so putting spws to
his horse, he fairly leapt over the animal, unl~armcd, though
the boar tore away the hinder trappings of his horse ; but the
activity of the latter frustrated the blow; i d the pnrt of the
lance which was fixed in the animal's breast prcvented him
from coming to closer quarters. They then 111;~kea simultancousnttacli
on e:lch other, snd the boar made 3 rapid nlovement,
as if to close with the kinz; but he, brnnllisliing his
sword. smote liilu with it as he pnssed, and stunnccl him
with the b:ow ; then wheeled round his horsc, ontl cutting t.he
boar's sinews, he consigned the animal to the care of his
huntsmen.
CH. XXXI1.-Ofthe cayfmoofsom Turks by our men.
ON the Tuesday before the fei~qtof St. Phi lip and St. James,
Roger cle Glanvib set out will1 his soldiers, from Wl~itecastle,
and pnssing, in force, before the gates of Jerusnlem,
intercepted some Saracens, whom he put in chains, 2nd brouglit

does. On this Holy Thursday, he wasl~es the fcet of lepcrs,
and then kisses them."
Before this good king wcnt to bctl he was often accustometl
to lmve his cldclren brougl~l to him, and theu rel;~tctl to tlml
thc brilliant actions and snyinp of kings and other ancient
princcs, telling tllern to retain ll~cni well in ll~cir memory, to
, serve :IS exa~nplcs. In liko nianncr, IIC told them the deccls of
'
wiclteJ mcn, who, by their lusury, rapine, avarice, awl pride,
I I : ~lost their honours aud Iti~~gcloms, and that tl~eir dcntlis
Ii:1d hen unfortunate. " Such things," added the king, ': yon
-dl cautiously avoid doing like them, illat you mny unt fall
u~itler the displeasure of God." IIe likewise t:ruglit tllem
their pmyers to tho blessed Virgin, and heard tlic~n daily
rcpcnt the prayers for the day, according to the seasons, in
orllcr to accustom tllem to do the same when they should be
more advanced in years, and govern their country.
I-Ic wns a niost lil~eral almsgiver; for, whenever ho tmvellcrl
tllroogh his kingdom, he always visited the churcl~es,
the infirniaries, and Ilospihls. He sought out tlistsessecl
gentlen~en, poor widows, 2nd unmarried girls without fortune ;
and every place wliere he found distress or want, he pve
large sums of money. To poor beggars he ordered meat and
drink, and I have often seen him cut the bread and pour out
drink to them hituself.
During his reign, 11e built and endowed several churcl~cs,
mouaskries, and abbcys; such ;s Reaumont, the abbey of St.
, Anthony at Paris, the nbhey Do Lis, the abbey De Mnlboissou,
2nd many more for the Cordeliers and Friars-preachers.
1Ie also erected the Maison Dieu at Pontoisc, that of Vernon,
t
the house of tl~e Quinze-vingts at Paris, and the ahbey of
Cortlcliers at St. Cloud, wl~ich the princess Issbella, his sister,
founded at his request. When any benefices became vacnnt
and were in his gift, bcfore 11e provided for thcm, he made
strict iquiry of proper persons rcspccting the situation nud
condition of those who ;sl;ecl for them, aud whether tl~ey werc
n~enof letters and wcll informed. He would ucver allow
tllose to \vhorn he. gave benefices to lioltl more than was becort~ing
tl~cir state, and lle nevcr gave tllcm witl~out having
duly consullcd those well qualified to give him good advice.
You will see below how he punisl~ed his bailiE8, judges,
and other oficers when in fault, and the handsome new esh-

Ca. XXXII1.-Likmrxsc of lire co@v of xmne Turks by King Richard
a6 Fui.bia, mad by l/w Ti-n~plomul Dnrum.
Wal~sthe king was pnssi~g tl~c night nficr tl~c thy of the
blesscd apostles St. Philip nud St. .ln~nes witl~ n fcw followers
at Porbia, the Turks, edy in the rnotwi~tg, cn~ne upon
tbcm by su~.prisc, thinking eitl~cr to o:ytrrl,e 01. dcstroy tltem;
but tltc king was the first to leap frot~ I~is bc(l, aurl seizing
only his sliield and sword, Lo~lisovcn of thc Turks captive,
and slew Sour ; the rest Hecl front before hirn. After\vnrtla
he sent out the Tc1ny1nl.s nnd T~ncopolcs;~as far ns the fortress
of 13sru1-11, to explore the country, :LIII~ they ffi,uld twenty
Samccns, who had como out fron~ tl~o fort, sowing barley;
these they seized, and scut to ~iscalon
Ca. XXX1V.-HWW the aforesaid mmnmyr,a arrived from ore, and
how, on their anmuncing llre death d'6lte n~nrquis,and the clcclion oy
Cotul If~,rry, King Richard was rejoiced nl ihc said electirnr, and
g~anletlIhe count all he aaked for; mid how he sml fu.r Ihc fimh.
INthose days, whila King Ricliartl was enpyccl on the
plnilts of Ra~nlila,in pursuit of the flying 'hks, the nlessengers,
who 11ad been sent from Tyre, came to 11iu1, and
i~tfortned him of tile state of affairs there ; of the clcnth of the
ntnrquis, a d the cltoicc of Count Henry to Le his sucwssor ;
but that the latter would not venture to accept the liiugclorn
withont the king's consent and advice. Iiiug Richard henring
of tl~c Jcatb of the niarquin, w~ for n long time silent, with
asto~lishrnent,at his violcut and nntimely end ; but he was
esceetlingly rejoiced a1 the election of Itis nephew, and the
regid honours so sole~nnly couferred nyon 11im; for he linew
tint his owu pcoplc dcsirerl it much. " Wl~erefore," said he,
" as the marquis, by the inesor:~lle decrees of hte, l~ascmlserl
to exist, it is of no use to inddge in sorrow : n~our~ti~~g will
avail nothing to the spirit of the depnrted ! I congrnt.111ut.o
you on the election of Count I-Icnry; and I am very desirous,
if it be the will of God, that Iw should be invested with the
* The Tlircopoles semr to have been nntivcs of the count~y, of cross
breed between Turks and Q~ristians;they served as light cavalry.

ed-hot iron, and hems little able to bear sucll at1 operation,
if he could banish fro111 his kingclum all blasphemies and
swearings.
I 11nvo haen constantly with him for twenty-two yctlrs, but
never in my life, for all thc piusions 1 hnve seen him in, cIicl I
bear him swear or blaspl~eme God, his holy mothcr, or nny of
the mints. Wl~cnIIC wisl~edto %firm any thing, 11e
'' Trdy it is SO ;" or, 111truth, it is not so." It was \.cry
clew that on no earthly consideration would Ile deny Lis God;
for when tile sultm and ~lrni~ds of Egypt wnnted to mnli~
tlmt tl~e condition, sl~ould Ile break the treaty, lie would rlcvcr
consent; 2nd when Ile W~L$tdd tllk was the last PPOIJOSX~ of
the Turks, he rcplicd, that bc would mther die than commit
SUCII a crime.
I never heard him usme or mention the word devil,* if it
wns not in some book that n~ntlc it necessaly ; nut1 it is very
disgrxeful to the p~inces ant1 kingdom of F~nnce to suffer it,
ant1 I~enr tl~c rime ; for you will see thnt in my dispute one
xiR not say thee words to nnotl~er in abuse, but Ile will :~.tltl,
" Go to t.l~e devil," or othcr bail worth. Now it is very sl~ocking
tlw to send man or wc1rna11to the clcvil, when thcy are by
baptism bccomo the crestwes of Gocl. In my castle of Joinville,
wl~oerer n~nlies us2 of this word is insbntly buffeted,
and the freqnency of bntl langunge iu abolished tl~crc.
Tlre holy king once asked nle if I washed the fcct of the
poor on Tl111rs11x.y before Easter. I mid I did not, for thnt I
did not think it very bcco~ning snch n person ns I 1~:~s.The
goocl Iring instnutly repliccl. ' Ah, Lord de Joinvillc, you oilg11t
not to disdain nor tl~inlr unbeco~ni~~g tl~nt wl~ich God hns lone
for our csnn~ple, when he was!retl the feet of his apostlc~, 11s
who w,as their Lortl anti Nnstcr. I believe you woultl veyy
unwillingly perform what the Iring of Engl:~nd, now wit11 us,
* Our RIT~ Christians,and the devout who served God, lield the devil
in such nh!~urrencc,as the enemy of mnnltiud, that they were scrnpnlu~~s
even of naming Iiitn. It is t'or this reilson that we find the fiitlwJ ol' the
church hure allictcd to call him thu wicked one, by simply narni~~z '~im
Malns. Severnl imagine that this is understood in the wold* of the
Lord's prayer'. " Deliver us from evil." St. C!hrysostom thinks so, with
Enthymius, Theophylactes, Oligen, and others, on this prnyer. Our
ancient poets call hl~nalniost always Ma~fez,bmusc Ilc does evil, and
is the author of il ; or b~cause Ire is deformed and ill made, whcnce we
have the word 7nuuvaiv at present in use.

CR. XXXV.-Iimu on 1Ae rettint of the messenrpsjrom Icing Richnrd,
and their awtouircin.g his pleasure, Lhe court1 v~asmavrierl lo the marguis's
widow, lo llre f~~maljoy of all, and Bow ore alid ollrer~ortvesscs
wwe yivot up lo lltc coulll.
AFTERreceiving tho instructions of King Richnrd, the!
ambassadors returned to Tyre to the count, their future'kiny,
and reported the rnessnge entrusted to tl~en~. Tlm the joy
and esultation of all was revived, 2nd tl~c principaJ persons
persuaded the count to marry the n~nrquis's willow, who was
heiress to the Itingdoln ; but Ile rcfi~sed, lest Iw d101111.1 offcntl
King Richard. Upon this, the French, and the nobles of
tlie I~i~lgclom, urpl him to it, alleging that his position wodd
be streqthened tl~ereby ; and by their inflnence, the lady
came of her own accord to offer llim the keys of the city.
This wna clone at the instnnec of tl~c French, who were for
hurrying on the mnttcr. The marri;~ge \vns sole~~~~lizcd in
the church in the prcwence of the clergy and laity. Those
who perslmled tl~c count to this step were not supposed to
linve hml n~ucl~ difficulty; for there is no trouble in pcrsunding
n willi~~gmall. The nuptials were solen~nized with royd
nlagl~ificencc,:iucl all were rqjoiced at thc accomplisli~~~ent of
the aKiir, wl~ich wns nisl~ed for by every one ; the Frcnch
esultcd, and the Normans were equally joyful, for the count
wm :a ~lcpl~cwof both tl~e liings of France and E11g1:~od;2nd
by this union happier times were hoped for, nrl~l ~,l!l.~lrnof
those wllo difYeretl to pence and conc:ortl. 011 1ht. wiil~letion
of his nupti:~ls, the count in~rnol;int~~ly scmt !)!;~.

de Luse~nbourg, and won the mstlc of Ligney, that belongccl
to tllc 1:rtter iu right of his wile. To put nn cllcl to tl~is
mar, tllc king, nt his own espcnsc, sent tl~itl~er his cl~nmber-
I:~ill, the lord Perron, in ivl~om, of all his conrtiers, Ile put the
,~r:rcilt~t, uonfidcncc, who, ill conjul~ctiou with the king,
l:~l~ouredso efrcctunlly that peace was rcstorecl.
His cor~ncil. son~etimes reproved l~ini for Ll~e pent. p:r.ii~s IIC
' tool< to make up the qunrrcls of forciqners, for tlmt Ire aulcd
wrong in preventing tl~eln from nln.l;iyg war an cvoh ot.l~er,
: as pcnce mould in conserlnence be more secrucly lnnintninccl.
The l;ing, in uis~c~., 1013 tl~cm, tl~cy (lid not ndvisc wlrnt was
right ; " for," :&led he, " if tl~c princes and :;.rent Ixnons,
mlloac tcrritorics join mine, perceive that I s11Hi:r tl~en~ to
nd

'
A.D. 1m.l THE CIIARAOTER OF ICING GUT. 203
thcy mere to 110ld uncler liim w theil- lord. He then publislled
;Ln c(lict, mlling on all to get ready for the expedition opinst
1hrum.
XI~vriucl,tl~erefore, lcft fit persons to guard the city of Tyre,
2nd the rest of the Ia~~cl, COLIII~ Ilenry, in conrpany with the
tlukc of Burgundy, moved forwartl his army townrds Acre, in
order to hasten tile campaign and provide whnt was necessary;
:md hc also brought bis wife wit11 I~iln, as 11ecoultl ilcjt yet
encl~~rc to be witl~outher. Wlwn the count's coming was
ltnown to the people of Acre, they come out, with dnnces, to
meet nncl oppizucl their rrew lord ; and crowling rouucl i~in~,
tl~eyaccompanied hin~ into the city, rvl~icl~ wi~s dorned on
evcry side like o telnple, with curtains and sillml cloths;
L~rruing censols were filled wit11 franltincensc, and cnrrietl
d~out the roads ant1 streets; and women led the dance
with joy and esulk~tion. Why nccd we ent.er into
detail? An imrnensc numbcr of pcople, c:~lcrdnted st
G0,000, went forth in full amour to mect the count, and
testify tl~cir joy al~d regnrrl for I~irn. The c1erg.y led him by
tlic I~md into the church before the a h , and Of'cled l~inl \he
Holy Cross, and other relics, to kiss. The connt himself, 2nd
sevcral otlrcrs, made many precious offerings tl~ere; after
which he was conducted to the roysl pnlncc, where he ord.elad
~t briquet to be prepared, and every one, accoding to his
mcws, strove to do houour to their uev lord.
CH. SXSVI I.--How liing Richard, rnoacrl with gnYy, ,gave lo King
Gtry /he island of @~ILVas u rewardjbr Iris prowess an war, and to
cotlsulc himjur Ilrr loss oyhis kingdom.
I3u.r since it is l~nrclly possiLlc for one man to rise without
nnutl~er's dow~lfn'll, so tl~stthe loss of the one tnrus to the
dvant;~goor tho other, Icing Guy wm now tlcprived of
tl~e l

as by fiLr tho wiscst of srly in hi^ council ; nnd rn n proof of
his wisdonl, wllcncw~ thing OCCU~~L'I~ that dclnnnJccl
in~~ncdi:rte nt.tonLio11, IIC ncver waited for his council, but gave
spc:ed,y n ~ dcci~leilanswer.
d
Soon nf'tcr, tl~c g~od king St. Louis negotiatccl 80 successfully
tlmt IIC prcv;~.ildon the king and queen of Englmltl ti,
col-ne to Flanco wibh hir cl~ildren to conclude a pence. IJis
counci.1, I~owcver, were ~nuch against this pcncc, sud snicl to
I~im," Sire, we ninrvel greatly how you cnn consent to tllC
king of England keeping SO 1.arge n trwt of your territ~ri~?~,
mliicli your pretleccssors Imve conquered frc5rn him for iIj
conduct, nncl whicll it secnx you lnve not chly considered,
nt,,. will he bc any way grateful for it."
To tlris thc Icirt,;. answlwl, that he mns well awnre the king
of Eng-l;rntL n.nd his prcJcccsor llsd mostly forfeited the lmtla
he Ileltl, nn~l tlmt he never ruesilt to restore any thing but
wlrnt 11e was in justice bauntlcn to do. But Ile sbould makc
this rcstorntion in order to confirm nnd stre~lgttien tllat union
wllicli ought to exist betwccn tlmu and their children, wlw
were cousins-gcrman. Tlic Icing added, " And by thus
;lcting, I think I shnll do a very good work ; for, irl the first
pl:~ce, I sl~d est,ablisl~ a peace, and shnll then ~nalre hi~u 111y
vnssal, wl~ich hc is not yet, ns he Irw ncvcr done ine homn~c."
'FI1le king, St. Louis, nw the mnn in thc world wllo
Int,oured most to ~ n~iutai~~ pewc nncl concord among his subjects,
more especinlly between the 1)rinces and barons of 11is
renlm, in particulnr bclween my uncle, t!~e count de Ch$lons,
and liiy Yon, the count of B~~pndy, who carlied on a violeut
war after our return from Palestine. Tomckeapeace hetween
the father and son, be sent seven1 of l~is council, nt his own
costs anti chnrgcs, into Burgundy, md took sucll pains, tlrnt
st lc~~~tll Ile concluded :L pence between tllern. Tbro~~gL Ilia
i~~terfcrcncc, in like manner, was pcace mdo between the
second lting Tl~ibaulL of hTavm~se, a ~ the ~ d counts of ChQlons
nnJ Burgundy, who carried on a very disastrous wnr ; but he
scnt pyt of 11is courlcil thitlw, who appeased theirdifferences, ,
and concl~~clctl a pence.
4
After tl~is peace a~~otlier sel-ious war broke out between
Coullt l'l~il,nult de Bar mtl the count of Lusembon~g, who
l~ntl married his sister. They fought a duel with each of.l~ar
below Pigny, when the count de Ear made prisoner the coun:

3 4 ITINERARY OF RlClTATlD I. [u. V. CC. 38, 30.
political intrigue ; instead of being estcemed the nlore on tl~is
account, ns he sllould 11aw been, he was considered tile nloro
contenlptiblc. He was a soldier of grmt prowess, :&nil co11ducted
the siege of Acre, when occupied by tile Turlis, wit11
tl~c grcntcst vigour and perseverance ; but owing to tl~e illcre:wing
nu1111)el~s of the encmy ou the side towards tl~e srn,
11eC OLI~~ not sLo1.111 the city, wl~iclr two king nftcrwrtls with
diflicul ty gaillcd possession of. Oogl~t, then, the sin~plicit~ of
his cllarsuter to lwe iujurcd l~i~n. in obkaining his rights?
For such mu tthc perversity of the age, that Ile whoover was
lalown to be most inhnmau in his actions was tlisugl~t worthy
of greatcr honour and glary ; ntld thus w!li!c crnftil~ess
gained respect, piety sunk into disrepute, because prodcnce
is the rciping virtue of the present age. Thns, then, Glry
becr~nen Iki~~gwitl~out a kingdom, until King llicl~nrrl,
n~owxl with pity for him and l~is well-linown probity, gave
hin~ the onconclitiond sovereignty of the is1:~11dof CY~IIIS,
although the Ten~plars ha3 plwiously bo~gllt it of him ;and
tl~us the condition of purcl~xe by the Tc~~iplars bciug set
aside, Guy mas made enipelwr of Cyprus.
AT the tinx tht the mnrquis IVM mns..riuntccl at Tyre as
aforc&il, nmly messengers arrived from Englnn tl, soliciting
the king to return ; some of then1 said that cvel-y thing ww
safe, others tl~at Englatd was on the point of bcing tdieu fro111
II~III; some begged him to return l~on~c, while others IISC~dl
thcir endcwours to persuade him to wcot~lplish his pilglin~nge
in t h ]:id which Ilc had conlc to; ntd thus their difftrcnt
assertions clisturbccl Itis mind, and made him tlotibtful to
ml~ichhe shoulcl lean. But he rnensurecl the spirit of tl~c Iiing
of Frmx by l~is former experience, for, according to the
proverb, "I-Ie who hns n brrd imn for hi8 neigl~boor, is sure
to find so~netl~ing wrong in t,lw niorning."
CH.XSX1X.-How ICi?ag Richard, zoilhouf the aid of the Rmch, rind
with hi? own army alone, look Darurn By storm in /brir days, md
captured 300 Turks timein.
INthe meantime, while Count i-Lenry nnd the French nt
Acre wero PI-occcding to tbe siege of the fort of Dwum, King

ult. On account of the dispute that mas between the
king of Navawe and the heiress of Chnmpagne, for some
clnims tile lring of Navarre pretended to haw on the count

n.n. 1193.1 TnE PORT OF DARTJM IS ASSAULTED. 285
Eicl~arrl, who liatcd delay, started with his men from Ascalon,
xnd sent his stone-engincs, which had Lcen placed piecenlcd
VII I)onrd tl~c ships, to proceetl thitl~er by se:~. Tile king
dcputecl rneu to guard the city, an11 hired otl~ers, at 1111: m~,st
Ii~visl~price, Lo keep s good look-out by day towartls tlrc
neiglibourjng forts, and n careful watch by night to prevent
tl~e Turls from carrying supplies as before to Do]-un~,or
whatever nligllt Le wnntcll by the arnmy at Jerusalen~, or
from any longer having n safe retreat to Daru~n, wl~cnce
they frc~~nently planned ;~n~b~~smdes against our ineu. Then
the king, with his ow11 soldiers only, set out armed for the
fort of I>:trum, and arriving there on a Sunday, 11le pitched
his tent nud those of his follow el.^ at a short distmce ii,oni it.
Owing to the paucity of our men, it was doubted which part
of the fort tlicy shoultl att.d, ns thy were un:hle entirely
to surround it; for if our sm:dl numbnrs were scattered, tliey
wonld not be nble to storm tho towcr, or witlist;md the ntk~ck
of the Turlis; wherefore they retired in o body townrlls n
villnge situated in a plai~~, where they drew up. Tlie Turl~,
on seeing so smd1 an army, arno forth froni the cnstle,
ns if to solicit and chnllenge them to battle, and tlicn retired
n.gain, a d haviug barred tlleir gatcs very strongly, ,prepnrcd to
def'cncl tl~emselves. Imlnediakly afterwards, the li111g'~ stoneengines
nrrivecl in his ships, which bcingdisjointod, and in different
pieces, the king, his princce, and nobles, carried on $heir
sl~oul~lcrs from the shore, not without much swenting, as we
. onreelves mw, for nearly smile. At hst, when the 1:ngines were
put togcthel; aud men placed to work then^, thc king took upon
himself to manage one of them, ant1 with it to attack the
principd tower of the fort, the Noim:ms hncl the second, ancl
the men of Poictou the third ; and all of then1 were pr~t in
motion for the destruction of the fort. The Turks saw that
utter destruction was close at hnnd ; but for :dl that, they
endcavonred to dcfend tl~uniselveu manfully. IGiig Ricl~ard
caused his engines to be plied day and night. Duum had
sevctiteen strong and comp;~cttowers, one of which was
- higher and stronger than the others, and extcrndly it was
surroundctl by a deep ditch, which wns built on one side of
layers of paving stones, and a nat~ml rock hung over tbc
other. And now cowardly fears mme up011 the unbelieving
we, lest tliey should not be able to dcfend them-

snuln, 01- that thc Scripturcs lied. This wm true ; foln tllG
Scripturcs do my tht monk cannot live out of llis
cloister, withont fillling into tientlly sins, any more thall fish
c:ln live out of water ~ithout dying. The rewon is p.3in ;
fur the religiorls, wlto follnw the king's cou~t, enl; an (1 dl.illl;
mnny 111c:bts aud wims wltich they would not do mere t ~
;!sirIcnt in tl~eir cl&ton, an3 this 111xurio11s living itlduceS
tliem nlore to sin than if they led the austere life of
convent.
HI!:~fter\vards adrlrc~scd the Iring, and pointed out tc, him,
tlut if 11e wished tn live belowd ~ n in d pescc with his people,
he nlr~st be just aud upri~lit. Hc said, he had carehlly
pw~iscc'l the Bible and othcr holy boolrs, and hnd always
found, that among princes, whcther Christians or irltidels,
no liingdon~i hod evcr becn excited to w:lr agzinst their
loril.~, but througl~ wmt of proper justice being done to the
sulject. " The Icing, therefore," :&led the C'ordclisr, " must
carefully have jnstice administered equally to every one of his
aubjvcts, that lie may .live anlong them in peace and tlnnquillity
to his last (lay, 31111 tlmt God may not deprive him
of his kingdom with disl~onour and shn.n~e.
Thc king had him several times entreated lo live with him
during his stay in Provencc ; but he rcplicd that he would
nc,t on any account rc~n:lin in the company of the king.
This Cordelier only stayed with us one cln.y, and on the mor-
~ , ~ ~
row departed. I have since heard tht his body is buried at
Marseilles, where it porforms Inony fine ~~~iracles.
After this, the Iring set out from Hiereu, and came to the
city of his in Prove~m, in honour of the blessed hlagdnlel~,
who is interred s short clay's journey off. Wo visitcd tho
place of Le Baun~e, which is a deep care in B rock, wherein,
it is mid, the holy R.l:~gcl:~len resiclecl for n long time, at a
I~erniit:~ge. We l)assecl the Kl16ue at Beaucaire ; and when
the king w x in his own realm I took my leave of Iiirn, nnrl
wcnt to ~ ny niece the dauphines of Vieunois, thence to my
uncle's the count de CItWuny and to the count of Bopuily
his son, wl~euce I went to Joinville.
J3avin;g nlnde a short stay there, 1 set out to meet the
Iiing, whom I found at Soissons. Ou my arrival, IIC received
rne wit11 snc.11 joy as surprised every one. I met theim Chrurt
John of Brittany, sud his n-ifc, the d:~ughter of King Tlri­

&d,r~:~lly, or cvcn to escnpe with their lives. On tl~c
mowow, tl~c 1

ought to land; for nintlnmc cle Uourbon, being once in this
vciy port, ancl unwilling to ]:mil, put n,cain to scn, to disembark
st higoes Mortes, but she w;u toascd about for upwards
of sewn wcelis before she coulcl mdce tl~nt harbour." Upon
this, the Iring consented to follow nly advice, and Isn~lccl a.t
I-Iiercs, to tllc grent joy of tl~c qllccn and :dl on board.
The liing, the queen, 2nd thcir children took up their resi-
M
dence in the castle of I-Iieres until horses should bc provicletl
for the further continuance of their journey. The abbot of
: Cluny, who was afterward bishop of Olive, sent tlie king two
]r:~lfi.eys; one for him~elf, and tl~r ntlicr fnl. the I~IIIWII. It
w.w said :~t the time, that they were each well worth 500
livres. Wllen the Iring lincl scceptcd of tlrrse two fine horses,
the abbot requested sn :~udience of liim on the morrow, on the
srrbj'ject of his atlkirs. This was gmnted, and the nest day
tlic al~bot co~~versccl a long time wit11 the king, who listcncd
to hini very nttcniivcly.
* When thc :~l)bot was gone, I asked the liing if be would
answer n qucstion I viishc~l tu gut to him. On his replying
in the afirninlive, I said, " Sire, is it not true that you hve
thus long listenccl to the abbot for the sake of the horses
Ire Xave yon?" Thc kiug mid, " It was certainly so." I
tlm~ continuc~l, thnt I had asked the question, that he migbt
forhid, on his return to I~'l:mcc, thost of his council, on their
oa.ths, to rcccivc the smallest gifts from my one who had
business to transact in llis presence ; " for be :~ssuretl," adtled
. I, " that if they take prcsents, they will listen and attend to
tl~c givew, even longer tllnn you have dolle to the abbot
of C'luny." Tbe I;ing, calling his council, told them tlie
rcqn+>st 11ad nlnde, and thc resson for my making it. Ilis
oo~incil, however, said that I had given very excelleut
sdv ice.
\Yliile we were at I-Iieres we hesrd of a very good man.
a. Chi-delicr friar, who wcnt ahut the country prenching : his
nnme was Father IIngIi. The king being desirouu of Ileal.ing
and seeing him, the day llc omie to EIieres, we went out
to n ~ct him, and saw a great company of men and momcn
following liim on foot. On his nrrivn.1 in the town, the kiug
directcci liim to preach, 2nd his first scrmon was against the
clelgy, wliom he blamed for bciny in sucl~ numbers with
the king, saying they were not in a skuation to save thcir
2 L

A. D. 1199.1 THE FORT IS TAKEN. 287
thc wdls ; the second mns that of the enrl of Lcicester ; ant1
thc tLircl, that ol Andrew de Cl~a\.r,;ui ; Ll~c ~ ULII+~ mts 111at of
Ik~i~riund, son of the prince ;and tLcu tlte Qerlocse mil htns
rniscd on the wall tl~cir standards of vnrious forms. Thus t11c
banncrs of our niw wcre rniscd, nntl tl~osc of the Turks LL~OWII
down. And now tl~e Turks nrigllt be seen flyiq towards tlie
towcr, or falling to tile earth, smitten wit11 tl~c sriporil or
trmsfised wit11 d:Lrts, bcfore they coultlrcncl~ it; 311 w1io111 olrr
men founrl still st3.11di11~ tllcir ~IIIIJ on the bnttlo~~~ents,
they hurled down to the earth below. Sixty Turks NCI.G
killeJ in different pnrts of the fort. Those who lid tnkcn
refuge in the tower, seeing the slar~gliter of tllcir t~oops, znt!
tliat tl~eir place of refuge mould he cle~nolished (for, nt the
instsncc of the king, II~CII mere slrcady setti~~g to work to
overtl~row it), 2nd t1~a.t the w;~sno longer any ,nfvty in
opposing the Iiing, in tllcir estrcmity, on tl~c Friday bcl'ore
Pe~ltecost, gnve Ll~en~sclvcu up to the royd clc~nel~cy to be
8lavcs for ever ; especi:~lly as onc of their ~~~ost powcrf1.11
ndmirnls, by name Caisac, to whore care the fort hcl Lel.11
intrusted, 11:~d fnilcd ill his pon~ise to :live them snccour.
Tho fort of Dmum being thus taken, ~learly forty C111.isti:u1
cnptiws were found there in cl~sins,and wcre now sot :zl liberty.
On tllc following Saturday uiglit, iiiq Rii.l~nrd causerl 11;s men
to Iicep guarcl over tltc TLI~I~S \vl~u still survivcil in t11e tc\vt:r,
until tho morning ; 2nd on tlic Wl~itsnntide cve 110 or~dci~ctl
them to come down tl~erefrom, bnving ll~cir L:LII~Stic11 Lel~ir~cl
their bnclis with thongs, so tl~irt tl~cir lirnbv betimc stil?.
Their nunibcr n~nountcd to 300, besides bo,ys and wo?ncn.
Thus King nicl~nrd, with his own soliliers, grined possession
of the fort of Dwlim with grcnt credit, nftcr n:is;t~~lting it for
four days; for our nlen were very dcsiroua of acconiplisi~ing
this witl~oue the French, in crder tint t.lrcy niigllt gain the
greatcr glory.
CH. XL.-How King Richad gave Cownt I-Imy/ lllc fort of .Da~urnon
his arrival Urwc,and ~~1zwned lo Aidin.
Thus Darum wm tdren ; hut rnennwllile Count Henry, with
the French, m d the Duke of Br~rgundy, were coming in grcnt
haste, that they migl~t be present at its capture, but it w:ls
dresdy tnken. The ];ing rcceived the count on lhis arrival
with special li~anifestations of joy; and Icading him to the

This islond, which is Lcre mllccl ' l'nntnleo~~~,' is tllat
named by geugrnphers ' Pnnt.alnrc:~.,' sit~lntcrl between Sicily
ancl ilfi.ica, 11retty near to Sousn, n town in the I;ingtloIn
of Tonis. It belongs to the king of Spin, and is sllLject to
tire viceroy of Sicily. The inllnbitmts, nlthouglr Cntllolic
C!histi:mq wear the dresu nncl speak the Imguage of tile
Jfnors." J
Slrortly nficr, an wcirlent llappcned on tmrd the shill of
tl~elorrl d'drgonus, one of tl~e most po~vcrft~l lords of Prouc~~cc.
He wits RIIIIOY~J. one rnorui~ig in bcd by tilo rays of thi: sun
(lilriillg 011 Iris OyCb till'ougll 3 ll0l~in tile Y~SFCI, and c:~lli:l~
onc of his (wpircs, order~il 1li111 to stop ~IICIIOIC. The csquire,
tincling IIC ccdd not stop it witl~iusidc, attcmpted to (lo it
without, Imt his foot slipping, hc fcll into the sell. The ship
ltcpt on IICI- wxy, nnd tl~ere was not the sn~nllest boat nlongside
to succour him. Wc, w11o were ill tl~c kiug's ship, saw
him, l)ut :w we wcre bnlf :I !en.;;ue of, we thoagl~t it was
so~uo picce of furniture that 11nd tkllcu into the sen, for the
esquire (lid not attempt to savc himself, nor to Inove. n'l~en
me came ncnrcr, ouc of tho Idng's Lostr ttcok 11in1 up, and
bmngl~t him on bawd our vcsscl, when Lo rclatcd his xciclcnt.
We cdied hi111 v11y Ire did not :~ttcmpt to snvc Li~~~self
by ewimming, nor cdl ont to the other ships for help. He
s&I 11c had no occl~sion so to do, for, as 11e fell into tile scn,
11e ~scl;~i~nc~l, " Our Ldy of Vdbert ! " and tlmt sl~c l~nd
supported 11i11a by his sl~oulders until the king's gnllcy carnc to
him. 111 IIOI~OLIP of the Llesscd Virgin Mary, nd to perpet~~nta
this nliraclc, I h:ul it yaintecl in my chapcl of Joinvillc,
nntl xlso on the \vindows of the CLU~~I of Blecourt.
At tl~c c~ld of tci~ weeks t11:~t we 11ad becn at sea, we
ixrrivcd in t h port of Eiicres, in front; of tl~e cnstle tllnt
bclongctl to t;hc count de Provencc, afterward king of Sicily.
TIIC11II~CII, :LIIL~ the wliole of the council, zdviserl the 1ci11g
to disci~~l)a~~l; t!~cre, as it was on hie brotllcr's land ; but Iro
r1ccl;~rad he \~oul~l not lalid hefore he cmuc to Aiges
BTort,cs, which I\.:I.s his own territory. On this dill'crcnce,
];in; clct:~iar:cl 11s tlwc Wednesday :~nd Thursday, witl~out .
:LII~3110bcil~gi~blo to pvail 011 him to land. On thc Frihy,
ils Ire w,u: se:~kdon onc of the beuclies of the ship, 11c cnllcd
n1e t,o Iki, and dern:~ncldmy opinion, whehr he ought
to ImJ or not. I rcplied, " Six, it seems to me that you

288 IrCINERA1LY OF RICIIAllD I. [u. V. CC. 41, 42.
fort, gave it ovcr to him, in fl~c prescnce of :dl, as the first
fruits of tho kinglom, which he was to obtain, with the
appnrtennnces tl~ereof, preseut and future. All remained in t,he
fort of L):~run~ on thc great day of the feast of Pentecost. On
the Mondny a h , tl~ey plncetl some of the count's men as
guards in the fort, and set out for Ascnlon,, passing througl~ the
midst of Gem, till they can~e to Purb~n. EIere the Iring
tarried three cl:lys, but the rest set out for Asdon, where
the French solelnnized the festiv:tl of Pentecost.
CFI. ST.1.-How Ifing Richard, on hearing that caisac, ihc admiral,
was jovlYp?~rgIhc castle of figs with 1,000 Turks, cued Ihillrer lo
storm it, and how the mcmyJed at his approaclr.
ONEof the Iring's spiuu, in returning to Furbiq from the
direction of thc castle or Figs, reported that a thousand
Snrztcens, or more, were with the chieftsin, Caisac, posted
in that fort, and were actively engaged in fortifying it
qai~ist tho Christians, in case they should come to ~~tt~cli
it. On henring this, Icing Richard shrted thither inmediately,
and tho army followed him. At nightfall, hey
stoppcd at the fort of Reeds, or the " Cane-brake of
starlings" (canneturn sturnellor~~m), and nt dawn of day set
out for the castle of Pigs, m tf~ey 11ad proposed, but they
found no one thero save two Turks, whom they took awny
ceptive with them, for the Turks had levelled the gates of
the fort to the ground, and fled rapidly away 011 hcaring of
the approach of King Richnrd and his army. They were :Jso
not a little frigl~tencd at tho capture of the fort, sand the
men who wcro found therein; and mindful of tlleir loss, took
precautions lest they should themselves fall into a, like
predicainent. Our men, therefore, finding the fort deserted,
mounted thc highest of the bat.tlcn~ents, nl d took n sur\.ey
around, to see if :my enemy wirr in sight, Ellat they might
attack liinl ; but not finding img one to fight with, they
returncd to the house of stwlinps to sl)er~d the night.
CH. XLI1.-FJow on hearing ihc nmrw of lhe disturbed state of hb
kingdom, Ibouqh Ihc intrigues oJ Ra,4 .Ah.,his brother, King Richavd
was much rnovcd, and declared hic wirh lo rclnrn home.
Wn1r.s Ric11m.d was at tltis place, them arrived a. messenger
from England, a clergymsu, by name John de
rflenqon. to inform the king oT the disturbed state of
8

,
.J
We found there a hermitap among the rocks, with a 11andsome
prrlcn pl:mtcd wit11 olives, fig*, vines, anc! oll~erh i t -
trces, with a fine spring rrf water, that mn t.11rougli it. l'hc
king and his curnpany went to the upper part of the garden,
w11we was an omtory, the roof of which w:~spni~~tcd white,
with n red cross in the ccntre. In snotl~er cl~nn~ber, mow
retired, we found two dead hodics with their hands oc their
brcnsts, nnd only the ribs wliicli held them together. These
Idies werc laid towards the east, as is the usual custom at
interments.
Mrl~cn we had seen and examined every thing, the king
and his corpny returned on sl~ipl~onrtl;but oue of our
sailors wm missing, and the mptnin, afterconsicleri~~g n while,
said he ,q~~csaed-who it wnu,and that it was one who was desirous
of living there hcuccforward as n hermit. Tlie king, Ilearing
this, ortlercd tlncc sacks of biscoit to be left oil the shore of
tl~is island, in order tl~at the milor ~nigl~t find them, and they
mi;llt serve for his sustenance.
[Tlie Poitiers edition to this adds: " Afterwm:d, in the
coulxe of our voyage, we passed anothcr islaud, callcd Pnuta-
leone, which was pcopled with Sarnceus, :L part of wllorn
were subject to the king of Sicily, and part to the king of
Tunis. %%en we first saw this island ,zC s distance, the
queen entreated the king to have the gooelness to ordcr three
galleys to bring fruit for hcr clddrcn, which he did, cornmantling
them to make l~aste, that, they might meet 11in1 when
he sliould pass tlie island.
" It fell out, that when the Icing TR.S oppnsitcto the port
of this islaud, he could uot see hisgnlleps. The sailors, to ],is
q11esStions about them, ansmered, ' that very probably the Saracens
had capturer! them n.nd their crews ; bnt, sire, we mould
not ndvise you to wnit for LIIWI, for you me near the kingdarns
of Sicily and Tuxis, neither of whose lii~~gs bears yon
any greab love ; nnd if you mill :~llow us to make mil, we
will, before night, place yoa out of denger from them, for we
shnll, in a short time, l~svc pns:eci the ~imits.' ' In truth,'
\ replied the king, ' I shall not follow your advicc, but order you
to turn the helm, that we may seek our people.' And, 11:~ppe:l
. wImt would, we were obliged so t,o do, nncl thus lost full ei,yht
days in waiting for tliem, on account of tl~eir gluttony, wl~icb
thy were inlpatient to satisfy.

I
England, owing to I.
htcn to the persunsi
those of any other pe
rind the I'reqr~ent solic: $::
assured the king thal
a stop to by some III
of being nlienated fro,
king wns troubled at
~llind, for a long tin
adopt; at last he cc
he would not have b
,: . ois brotlicr, who would not
. , motl~er the quoen, nor to
.. KW led on by his own will,
Ile Iring of Francc ; and be
infamo~~s tre:lson wns put
er, England stood in clanger
lion of Ring Richwd. The
s news, and reflected in his
ould be the best course to
t 11a mmt return home, if
nd, and the lringtloru of his
fathers, wrestecl from hm. As the report of the king's
intention ntls not mnde public, some said he wns goi~ig away ;
others said tl~athe would reniain, nncl not allow uncertnin
reports to call lli~nnwny fronl the wco~~iplislirnentof so
pious a,n r~ndcrtnking; an wt which nwul~l neither pro~notc
tllc recovcxy of thc IIuly Lnud, nor redound to his own
honour.
CH.XLII1.-How the whole nmy unanimorcsly nyrecd that Jenlsalm
s/~odtlbe hieyed, whether King Richnld slwzdrl relu~xhome clkreclly
or not.
WIIILEpcople difred in opinion ns to the departure
of King Ricl~nrd, all the Icnc!os nid otficers of the anuy,
English, French, Norn~nm, lnen of Poictou, Nnine, and
An.jou, met togctl~er, and agreed with each other, that
wl~etl~erICiug llicl~m-rl returned or not, they woultl pro-
? ccetl lo tl~ceiep nf Jerusn.lem, and 111at nolhing sl~oiild
pmmt thcm. When this w:Ls ltnown in the army, tl~c
pcople were fillecl with exceeding joy, and all, rich and
poor, Iiig11 nnd low, rejoiced iu common; and there wm not
a man in the army but evinced by outward signs the most
immoderate joy each in Iris own peculiar ~nnnner ; where-
fore they made ,z brilliant illurninntion, and daneecl and WII~
nearly all the night ; and thus
They passed the livelong night in wakeful glee.
The king was the only one troubled with ctnrc fro111 wht
he h d IlenrJ, and he fcll into a long train of thought, until,
ovcrcon~e with the weight of it, he threw himseli; in an
angry mood, upon his bed. It wa.~ now the beginning of

l'hc good kin; tnkd i~lccssnntl~ of the imminent danger
wc h;ul Iwcn in, x,rrcl of. the powcr nllich Got1 bar1 displayell.
1:'c.s.zid to IIIC, lL Scnr~scl~nl, whcn sdl trillr~lntions Bef;i..l mankind,
or other misfor.111ncs of siclaws, tlrc mints say they are
threatenings fronr our Lorcl. 1 tl~creforo maintain, tl~st tile
perih wc liave kccu in are the same kind of tl~restenin~ from
our Lord, n.110 nright say, ' Now consiJer I~ov very casi!~I
rnigIIL Lave snli'erctl you oil to bc tlrownccl, had I so willerl
it.' "For this rc:ison," continocd the holy Icing, "Wo should
exoluine o~~rsi:lvcs well that thcre be notl~ing in our conduct
displensi;~;;Lo God our Crcxtor ; nnil whc?never wc m:~yfinil
there if nny tlring won?, wc 011ght instantly to makc o~irselvcs
clcnr of it. M'lrc~l .rrrc L ~ U S~ t God , will1 lovc us and preserve
us from dl perils; but, slrould we follow n, contrary behaxiour
afbr Iwviug noticed these mcnnces, lle will amict us
with some gricvous ~nnlatly, perhaps death, snrl perniit us to
de~cenil to hcll, without hope of redemption."
The good and l~oly king continucc1,-" Scncschnl, tha~
good n~auJob sfi.id to ' Lord God, whercfo~e dost thou
alHict ns ? for if thou tlcstxoy us, thou wilt not Le the poorer ;
and if thou wcrt to call as dl to thee, tlrou ~voulclst not be
Inore pvcrf~~l nor more rich.' TVlrcncc me may see,"
addad IN, " that the menzccs of God are uttcrecl agninst us
fro111 his g~cxtlove to us, 2nd fo~ our welfsre, not for his own;
tl~atmc nmy tho more clesrly discover our fnn1t.s and denicrits,
and purify our consciences from all that lnny be dis-.
plmsing to Iri~n. Let us therefore act in Lhis manner, and mc
sl~nll,bc the wiser :~ud betkr for it." '
Afer 11aving talxn water on bonri at the island of Cyprns,
nrrd sonre oll~c-:r necessary mticlcs, me npin set ail whcn tlro
tempest llncl cexcd, sud saw another island called Lmpetlu,m."
We 1:~ncled on it, nrd c:~tdied a greal many rn1)bits.
* 'Illis is the isla~itlof Lampedosa, cnlled by Ptoleniy Lupnd?csa, by
the Itnliuns I,nm~)urloura,nnd by Ariosto ill his fourth cmto Lipadtun,
who represents it as I)ciny uninldked, as wdl as the lord de Joinville.
It is 100 milrs distant from Mdtn. Geoxmphers remala: there is nt
pr~sent.u ~:IIIJIT~cnllvd Suncia Maria de L~~npcrlusa, divided intu 1n.o
p~rts,m described bj our u~lthor.

200 ITISERARY OF X'CUARD 1. [u. Y. CC. 4.1,45.
June, and the whole army wns anini:~tetl wit11 the desire of
setting out for Jerusalem.
TIIEking and the army startci from the Brnlte of Starlings,
:md I)romwetlcrl tl~rol~ghthe phi11 to Bbelin, of the I-Iospit.nllers,
by I-Icbron, ne,zr the valley, whcrc Ann:~,the mother
of the Virgin Mary, is said to ' nve been born. Here, the
army made :L I~xlt, exceedingly rejoiced at the p~ospcct, of
procr:cding townrcls Jerusalcm. And here the men were
bcsct will1 summs of small insccts, wl~icli flew about like
spmlts of fire, and were called cincenellcs. The wliole
region rouud swnrnlcd with them, and they nnnoycd tl~e
pilgrirns horribly, with their shrp stings in tile hands,
neck, tllroat, forchen~l, and fncc, and in wllatevcr part
of llie person linppenecl to be exposed ; their stings were
immediately followcd by burniucr and swelling, nntl those who
were stung looliecl like lepers. ?lhy could scarcely keep off
their troublesome ntt:~clts with veils thrown over tl~cface
and neck. But they wcre in high spirits, and thought they
should bear these :innoysnces with p;~tience; for they were
dl pledged to advance to tho siege of J'crusalen~, and
the king was the only one troubled at the news which he had
received from Englnnd.
CH.XLV.-How one of Kixg Richard's chnplaim ddress~dhim, and
dissuaded him, by mery argumml in his power, from retunzing
homc.
ONE clay a chnplnin from Poictou, n:~mcd William, saw
the king sitting alone in his tent, with Iris eyes fixed on the
ground, in meditntion, and he felt grieved for 11in1, for 11e
knew that 11e was exasperntcll at the news brought fr0111
Englanrl; but he did not ve~itureto come I I ~to 11in1, to
liglltel~his mind of the ares which oppressed hiu~; so Ile
rc,gnrtla~lhim with a respectful look, nnd slletl tcnrs, hut
without uttering rt worll. When the king snm by his
mauner tll:~t the man was desirous of nd~~ressinghim, he
callctl hinl, an11 thus spolte to him : " Sir Cllnpl:lin, I pmy
yoti, I)y your alleginncc to me, tcll me, witl~outdclny ur clissin~t~lntio~~,
what is tllo cnusc of your aecping, nut1 if the

'
tl~c 1~in:'s cabin werc obliged to he destroyed ; and so high
W:IS tll~ wind, thnt nu one dad SLX~therei~l for fcnr of being
blow~i o~c~'Lo:~rd.
The queen came ir~to the kin,~'s clian~ber, tl~inki~ig to mcet
11i111 tl~crc, but f~unfd only Sir Gilles Ic Erun, co~~ht:~blc of
Fimcc, and myself, who VTIE lying down. On ::wing hcr, I
aslied wlnt she wishc~.l. She said, she wnuted the Iring, to
beg 11u vrould n~nh some vows to God sod his ssints, tl~at wc
migh l~e delivered from this storm, for that, tl~o snilors 11nd
assured her we were in the groatest clonpr of bci~lg rjrowned.
I replied to her,-"Md:mni, vow t,o ni;ilio R pi1,ymrinzc tc
my lord Snint Nicl~olns, nt Yn~mgeville, and I proiilise you
that God will restore us in safcty to Frn~~ce." "All !
~cnc~rl~i~l," answered she, "I mi :~frsi~l tl~c king wili not
pcrn~it nle to make this pilgrin~nge for thc ancon~plishnie~it
of my vow." " At least, then, ndan, p~omiscI~im,that.
if God sldl restore yon in snfcty to Fnnce, you mill ~ive
him n silver ship of the valne of five mares, for tl~c liing,
youlsclf, and your cl~ildrcn ; and if you sl~nllclo t.llis, 1
nssnre you tllnt, at tl~c ontl.enties of St. Nicholns, Gocl will
grmt you n sucmssfi~l ~oyi~ge.; and I vow fw nrysclf, thnt, on
my ret,unl tn Join\riUe, I. will malie w $grinlnge to his sl~riuc
hnrefootecl."
Upon this, she nindc a vow of n silvcr fillip to St.
Nicl~olns, :~nd dcinnndccl tl~ntI would Lc l~clI)lellge for
her dne perforninnce of it: to wl~iah I nssc~~tccl.She sl~ortly
nfter came to t~y,to say tlint God, at the intercession of
St. Nicl~~Iu, 1136clelivercd ns from this pcril.
On the qwxn's returr~ to J'Iraxice, SJLC can!;erl the sliip to
bo made t,hat she had vowed, and had introd~rcsd in jl t.lie
king, I~ersclf, her thee cl~ilcIr~.n, wit11 tl~e s:1ilor3 mast md
~teerngc, all of silver, sntL llie ropes of siircr tli~*end. This
ship she sent me with orders to convey it to the shrine of
my lord Saint h'ichoias, wbicl~I did. I saw it there n
long the nfterwnrtl, whcn we coi~ductecl the Iiing'~ sister io
the omperor of Germany.
VTe will return to our pritlcipnl suhject, rind cmlinue the
:~ccuuntof our voynge Ilou~e. When the lti~q pc,rceived we
had escaped from these two pcrils, he ro:e from n Imcb of the
VCSSCI, nncl s:\icl to me,-" Now ivec, scnesclinl, if Gocl has not
clearly ~iinnifestcd lus great power, when'by a blast crf one

it,
' ,
A.D. 1192.1 ICING RICIIAlZD AND IIIS CIIAPLAIN.
201
occasion of your distress Ins any reference to III~." The
cl~a.plain, with eyes swollen with tears and humble voice,
replied, "I will not speak before I lcnow that your Ilig11ness
will not be angered with me for what I: say." 'T1.e kinq,
with nn oath, gwe him frce leave to spenli. Upon whicll,
the cl~aplai~~, ti~liingconfidence, thus bcg:~n: " My lord the
Iting, I weep on account of the ill repute in which you
stsrd with the army, because you intend to return home,
and especially amongst those! wl~o are the most solicito~~s for
your Ilonour; but may God forbid that you be tnrned from
the recovery of this desolated Inntl, by doubtful or uncerhin
reports, for we believe it would t.end to your eternal
disgrnce; let not then tl~e glory of a most splendid enterprise
bc o~crc:lst Ly a hasty retreat; nor let it be charged
n.gninst you hereafter, tlint yon returned bomc in idleness,
wlde your enterprise wn3 still unfinial~etl. IIow
unlike will tl~e end be to the beginning, if yon thus derogate
from your former glory ! I pray you to take heed,
lest your glory, so well carncd at first*, fade and tarnish
in the end! My lord the Iring, remembcr wh:~t God hath
clone for you, anJ how 110 11atl1 prospered all your acts, to
be rccordad by immortal fame. Nevcr did king of your nge
perform so many or such glorious deeds! Reme~nber, 0
fiir~g, that even whcn you werc but count of Poicton, yo:
never had n neighbour for n, foe, whatever might Le h~s
valour or COIIIIL~~,but he was snbdncd and conqnered by
your might. Remt?mher, 0 king, t.lie nlultiturles of Bra-
I~nqons wl~ou~ you so often rootetl and dispersed, with a small
band of soidiers. O king, remember how glorioosly you
m.ised thc siege of I-lxutefort, when the couut of St. Giles
besieged it; how you drove him o& and prit bim tn
iguominious flight. 0 Iting, rccmen~ber how you obtained
possession of your lringdom, peacefully and quictly, without
opposition, or necd of shield or helmet. 0 king, rememher
how many and mighty nations you hare suhducd, how bravely
you captured thc city of Messina, and how nobly yo11
bel~aved yourself whcn the Greeks ventured to PI-ovolte
nncl make war sgainsl you, and how you crushed them,
and the divine mercy rexued you out of tlieir hantls,
wl~ilst they wwero confounded anti destroyed, Renmnber,
0 king, the qnalitieu with which God hns endowc-cl
u 2

11d proposed ; but tAlke king mllecl the ~qhios again to him,
am1 usl;ccl tl~em, on the faith and loyi~lt~ whicll tlley
him, wI~l:t~l~cr, if the ship wore their own, and fll[] of
cl~;~utlise, they woultl quit it. They all s:titl thoy would not ;
for th~t they woilld prcf~r risking tl~cir livcs to the lo.s ol
snch n, vcssul, which woulrl cost tlwl from forty to fifty thousand
livrcs. '' Why then," wid the Iring, " do you :kd;ise
to quit 11cr ? " Tl~ey replii?cl,--" Sirc, you ancl ~vo are two
difl'~lmtso~tsof tl~ings ; for there is no sum, I~omcver great,
that c:m IJC Ilnd in con!pc~lsntion for tl~e loss of yourself, tile
queen, :end yo~wtl~ree children; nud wc wil.' 1:ovcr ndvisc tI1nt
you sl1011lt1 put yonrsclf ill sucl~ risk."
" Now," said the king, 'L I will toll you wl~~t I thinlr of
tbe matter. Buppcise I quit this ship, there are tive or sir
huudrcd persons on board, who will rernnin in tho ishnd of
Cyprus for fear of tho dnuger that nm:ly II:I.I)~CII to tl~en~ should
tl~cy shy on bonld ; and t.llcre is not," aclchl tho kil~g, "one
among tl~cm wllo is n~orc sttnchcd to his owo person, tlmn I
so) myself, :wJ if nfc land hey will lose dl llopcs ol returning
to thcir own country. I tlierefore dcclwe, I will miller put
myself, tho quecn, 2nd my children, in this danger, under
the good proviclcllee of God, than ~nnlx such numbers of
people suffw as arc now mith me."
The p a t iniscl~icf that \roultl lm-e I~nppcnctl, if the king
Ira~l Isudcd, was vel-y alyarcnt, from uhat bcfd that puissant
knight Sir Olivier de Tcnnes, who vnu an b~i~rll the liing's
ship. Sir Olivicr was one of the bravest knigI:hts, aud most
enterprising rnen of all I was t~cq~~nintedrnitll in the EIolyLand;
he W:LS, bovevor, nfwiil of re~naiuing on bonrrl, and therefore
went on s110re; but, rich nnd inigl~ty as he mas, he met with
so rnally ilifiic~~ltic-s, the it was upwards of yew and a Lnlf
beforc 11c could %gainrejoin tl~c Iring. Now, if so rich a man
f o d so many Jifticalties, what would the number of inferior
pcrsonngos have tlonc, who could not have money to defixy
tlicir esptnsc,c nntl support themselves?
After God 11nd sa~ecl us from this peril, near the island of
C!ylwcs, mother 1lefe.l us ; for there srosc so violent a storm,
that in spit,e of all our cRorts me were driven bnck again to the
same islnnd, after we I L , ~long left it. The sailors cast four
anchord in vain, for the vesscl could not be stoppud until they
11d thrown out the fifth, which held. All the putitions of

yon, sccoding to the riul~es of his grace, w11e11 yo11 sllbtluetl
L;l~c isliu~J of Cy~~rus, wl~ich 110 one II:LC~ llnre~l to
attack Lcro~.e, and wl~iol~ yon su1)jugnted in tile slIort
period of' fiCken di1.y~; w l d ~ you .were only a1110 do
by tl~c ~s.~ist:~nce of Oud I~in~self. Rme111bcr Iluw yo~t tIlcn
ca11tnrccl the eulperor ; aid tl~at ship of cstrnorciirln.ry sixc,
wllicll coulcl not put into the port of Acre by rezson o! :L
contrnry wind, you met and over.wlielrncc1 her with tlrc
eighty nrn~ecl T~~rks, and atst into tlic waves of 1111: sex
tl~o scrpents whicll were therein. Itcmembsr, m-y lord
tho king, the siege of Acrc, to the capture of w111ch you
arrived in good senscn, arid which was s~~rrcnrlercclwllcn
you nss:hdted iL. Reji~crnbcr how you then fell ill of the
siclcness called arnalia, GLIII.~how YOU s~~firerl much, hit, by
tllc mercy uS God, rccovc~td when so niany princm ~liecl
of the snm coinplaint. 0 Iiin,;, remenlber that I d wlli~h
God Imil~ cuin~niilecl to your care, and whose eyc is t~i~mccl
to you only, for the king of Prance 113s departed, like n.
cowi~rd. O king, rcine~nbcr the Cl~ristian captive? ~~110111
you relcnsed Sxom the bon1.1s with which the Tu~lisIm1
fettercd tllcm, in the fort of Darum, and to whose succour
you were sent by God. Horn deeply shonltl you refleck
on the numberless tri~~n~pl~s with wl~icli God has I~onouretl
you, aucl the succcvcv with wl~ich he has magnified you,
so tll:~t there is not n king or prince wlio can venture to
resist you. Has it also csc;qicc.l yonr nicmor,y Lltat you
11nve lately capture11 the fort of Darnrn in four t1:lys .?
And wl1:~t s11:d we thi~lli of tht hour, when you wow
lyjng nslcep inc:u~tiously, and werc nearly seized by tl~c:
wlc1;ed infidels, hncl not God aroused you, and rescue11
you from their l~nnds2 Wliy need I detail the foes wIlo111
you llnve subclucd tl~rougl~out the world, the cities t11:tL
have fallen Idore yon, and the successful issues or :LII
your untlertal;ings? Remember, tl~nt wlwn you canlo
11iLher from the western world, you were everyrnlwc
victorious, ad your oneinies Iny in chains at your feet; for
before your face,
In vain Antaus rose refreshed from earth,
Or Hydm's heads xere multiplied.
And ncm the sultan trembles at your nmne, the h ~rts of
the people of Babylon are astonished, and the Turk ia

'
ngninst some dangerous half-cove~d roclrs, and sl~ould
IIILVCbceu in tl~c utn~ost peril of being dl clromr~cd. We
wrre even now iu much danger. All tlmfil~t tl~enlselves
lost, and tl~at the vessel n~~~st be rvrcckerl ; bul n sailor,
casting tl~c Icnrl, found me were no lonyer :~,q:.ro~intl, on
which every OIIC rejoiced and returned tl~nnl;s to C+od.
Many OII board wcrc ltncelii~g hcfore the Imly sncrnment
that mns on the ship's altnr, adoring an11 begging p~rtlon
of Cod, for ench expectwl 11otlli11g Imt cIc:~tl~. IVlm dny
appc:md, we saw tllc rocks on w!~icl~ wc sllonld have
str~~cli, l~nd it not bccn for tlic good fortut~c of th:: sand-
Lanli. In the morning the Icing sent for the princild of
tllc ships' captains, wlro b~,ougl~t with then1 four divers,
fellows who divc nnkecl to the bottom of the se:i. like fish.
r 7
lhe captains orrlelwl tl~c (1ive1.s to plunge into the sea :~t
tl~is plncc, wl~o did so, ant1 pnssctl unrlcr tho Itinz's ship. On
tl~cir rcnppParnnce on the opposite side to wllere thcy h d
gone down, wc head each nslr the other what he had found.
'I'hey all reported, tllnt on the part wlicre ou~vessel !~sd
stroclt on the sand tl~ree f:~tllorn~ of its kcel ha~l becc beaien
off, wl~ich account s~uprised very 1nuc11 tl~e king, nnd dl who
Ircnrcl it. Tlle Icing askad the 111nriucrs for tltcir ndvice on
t,hc occnsion, who replict1,-" Sire, if yon will believe us, you
n~nxt rcnlove from tltis: fillip to nnotl~cr. wc know well, that
since tlte liecl has suff'erecl s11c11 clamnge, dl the ribs of 21113
ve~scl will 1uve been started, and wc VCiY m11~1i rear that,
she will bc unable to bear tlic sen, shoul\L tllerc be any wind,
witl~out danger of sinking. Wltcn you sailctl from Prtmce,
wc snw all ncciclent just sin~iltrr 11nppe11 to a vcssel wllich i d
struck on a badi ; 2nd wllen sl~c: was nftcrwsul in ct gale of
wintl slrc could not witlrstnncl it, but opcnccl l~cr sidcr and wns
lost ; dl on board pedierl Lut a young wonlnn: with an infant
child in her arms, wl~u l~ad nccitlenhlly ~wnninzd on one
of the sllip's timbers, and was ssnverl."
r
1Ire
,
king 11nving listenctl to what the ma.rinei-s said, and
tl~c csarnplc: tltcy brol~~ltt, 1tcstifiecl to the trlrth of' it; far
I l~ncl ficcl~ the wonlnrt nntl cl~ilcl, who ha.11 arrived n,t the
city of B:L~~Ic, in tlle Ilot~sc of the count tle doiltgny, who
11ml a11 cnre talccn of tl~em for the i~onnur of God.
Tho king sun~n~onccl his cor~ncil to deliberate on what wns
to Lc clone, aid they ul~n~irnously :~greecl to wllnt the mariners

st~dithution. The kitrg's heart was chnngcd BS this addrcss, and
his intention was confinned as to the certainty of the course
which lie should purstle ; and tllercfore, lte nud Itis army retur~ledst
thrce o'clock on the morrow to Ascnl(m, and stopped
in tl~e orcl~;rrcl,s outside t'lre city, wliile every one supposed that
he was on the point of returning Iiomc, nnd that in reality he
was hastening his departure. But, the Icing l~ncl cl~nngecl his
]IJII~IOS~ by the inspiration of Ciod, tllrot~gh ll~e ngerlcy of the.
claplbin; and 110 told CoontI.Ic.~~ry, tl~cd~~lic ot'13~11y1ndy,anci
others of the nobles, tlmt 11e would not Icave bct'orc ILlstar for
the solicitations of any mesueuger, or any rcports or cowplaints
whatever. On th: fourlh of Tulle, therefore, in Trinity
week, he .qtt~nntoned Philip, his Iteraid, and con~niandecl
him to proclaim tl~ro~~gllout the army, tl~at the king would
not depart fro~li the Iioly Land before Easter ; and that all
should equip tl~clnselvcs ncco~ding to tlleir means, and prepnre
for the siege uf Jerusalem.
CH.XLVIL-Hozo the arm,!)?ens rejoiced MAhearing the Ring's dctcmznnlion,
and how lhcy prcpaverl for Llic ,siegeoj'Jcrwalr,rz.
Wmn thc anny l~cnrd t11e wortls of the herald, they were
as deligl~teclns a bird at ~ L W U of day, ancl all in~n~erliarely set
thcnisclves in redincss, pnckiug tip their luggage, ard preparing
For thc rnarch. Tl~et~, with I~ai~ds lifted up to heaven, tircy
pycd tl~us : ''0 C+od, we adore ad tllanlr tltcc that we sl~all

Eg,ypkinns, nor with those of Dn.nmscus, We set out, a,n~
Ll~?ou~li the mercy of cod, arrived in the evening at sur
witllout :my wcidcnt or I~inclclnnce.
Soou after the pntri:l-rchu : L I ~ barons of tho c ~ u wJlo I ~ ~
ImI for 3 lcngtll of tinil: at,tcl~dd on tile Iiing, ssceillg t~~:,.~
he 11-cl encloscd Sqjccto with lligll walls nnd Inqo t,,\',crr;,
a ~ tht l the ditches wcrc well clennscd within nnd witlloLlt,
waited on him to rentlc: l h t,l~cir xilost htinLle tllanks null
p~.il.isi:for the gl~at goo~1 and Ll~e honour lie had confCued
on P:dcst.inc ; fur hc had rebuilt., frcm the ground, PajeCte,
C!LI)S:L~C:L, Jnfh., nnd had grmtly xtrengtllcned tho city of Acre
wit11 high wnlls nnd towers.
They addressed Iliul as follows: " Sirc, we perceive very
cicnrly tll.zt your shy with us cannot be much prolonged,
with any l~intl of profit to tlle kingdom of Jemsalern. JVe
would therefore advise you to go to Acre, where you n~.zy
rnakc.: your prepnmtio~~s for departure during this ensoing
~ ~
Lcut., so Lht you mny secure a mfe pnssnge to Fmnce."
Tlie king followed their co~tnscl 2nd \cut to Sur, whitlier
we llacl escorted tlm quccr. and his fn~nily, :LK~ at the bcginning
of Lent we all arrived at Acre.
1:)uring the whole of Lent, the 1ii11g ww mmnlcing his fleet
ready for his return to FIXJ~W, which consisted of fourtcen
ships and gnlle.ys. On the vigil of St. Mark, after E:LSLL'I.,
the king and quean e~nb:~rl;ed OII board their ship, :~nd pl~t,
to sea, 11aving 3 f~wou~ddc wind for tl~cir dop:~rture. T!le
king told we lie nm born on St. Mdi's c1:l.y ; :mcl I repliccl,
tht he n~iglit well say he I~ad been Covn mngnin on St. &Inrli's
Jsy, in ths esuping from such s pcstiler~t hnd, wl~ero Le
l~sd re:naioed so long.
On the d;rtgrtlny following, wc srrirerl at tho island of
CY~PIIS;wc! there wns n nio~~rttnin Iiard by the isl:~nd,
cnlled the Mountnin of the Clws, wl~ich ninrked n.t o pent
distance the ito oat ion of Chc island. On this S:~Lnrclay,
abo~~t vespe1.q thcrc cnn~e on fiucli o thick fog from the
Innd tllnt our sailors bh011g11t tbcn~~elws at a, greater distance
froni tlle shore tbnn they were, for thy lost sight of this
mountnin ; t~adit Iqpencd, that ,zs thy were sqcr to
renc.11 the sllore, they struck on the cxt.remity of a sand-
1);inI; whicl~ vras clew of tl~c island : fortun:~tely it was so.
for I d wc not struclL on tlde bnnli, we slluuld hwa rim

so011 see thy city of Jerusalem, in which the Turks have dwelt
80 1011~ ! 0 how blcsscJ are our eslwtstions, after this long
delay! How dcserved hove been the sufferiiip nn~l tribn-
]:~tions of cnch of us! The muclr longctl-lor sight of tlly
city will recompense us for dl !" These and the like prayec.;
wcre ofTcreJ. up by ex11; their only care and anxiety 1)cing
!low to proceed on tl~cir march. illorcover, the crowd of the
tower class of people, nude active by hope, touk the provision
bagg.qe on tl~cir ~Loolders, asserting that they were fully able
to cawy a month's supply, so cager were t-l~cy lo proceed lo
Jerusaler~~ ; fnr thcrc is nothing the mind of a willing man
cannot overconlc, if he only 11~s the inclinntion ; and zed in
the service of God softens the hardsl~ips of his toil.
CII. XLVII1.-How Iiiny Richnrd and lhc army fie1 orit from AscaZon
lo!anr~lsJerusnlmn, nnd a~riucd a6 llce JYh~leCzdody ;mid Auw two of
our men died from llre bile of seryods.
WHILE,bl~crei'ure, each wns getting rc:tdy for the campaign,
evcry thing that Ilappened seemed to be do~~e in Irar~nony w~th
their intentions. The kiug and army, therefore, wlro wcrc
encamped outside the city, being now tborouglily prepnrcd for
the march, sct out from Ascnlon ou Sunday, tlle octave of the
holy Trinity, towards Jerusale~n nt dawn of day. A chosen
peoplc, :tnd nobly ormyed, were they who now issued forth,
advnncillg slow on account of the 11c:lt. The richer clnsses
supl~lic~l will\ lowly generosity tl~c pools pilgrims who were on
foot with mems of cooveynnce-l~oraes, and every kinJ or
beast of hnrJe11, to mrry tlieui ; while the !i@ nr~ncd and
robust young soldiers followed spmbneously behind then^ on
the ntarclr. Tlle11 might you have seeu many a banner and
pennon of vnrions form floating in the breeze ; nlany a
motller's son, pcople of varions natious, arms of various sl~npe,
and hel111c.t~ with crcsts, brilliiint with jewcls, and shining
~nails,and shielcls, cn~llnzonetl with lions or flying dr:~gotis in
gold; mules ard hones, culger to move nt full speed, and
burning with indig~liltio~k at being Ilclil in by the foaming hit;
many a 1;~ncc with its slinrp point glitleriag; the air sparkling
with tl~e glcnmit~g of swords, and so many sold;ers, choice
men, gol)d aid true, who, in my opinion, wcre quite sufficient
to crl~sll or witl~sta~d tllc Turkish IIOS~, or BVC~o nincl~ larger
number than thcy co111d shew. They inadc swb progrcsu

Not long Ilt'ter tl~is the king nttcntlcd to his nfhirs, bat
wxi untletermincd wl~stl~cr to reu~ain longcr mllere he was,
or to rcturn to Fm~~t:c. TVhile he was thu* I~esit~ting, :~ud
tlurily his shy at Sqjectc, which 11c lmd dn~nst enclosal,
11e cnllecl the Icgntc, who 11acl ncco111p;~nied it, nnd bode hi~u
ludic illany processions, requesting God to enlighten him,
and let 11im k~lorn his will, wliether lie should return to
Fm.ncc or remain in Palestine. Some little time after these
proccssions were over, the priucip:sl persons of tlre couutry
and i~~yselfwere going to amuse ourselvcs iil n meadow,
when tl~c king callled me to him. Tllc legnte mas with him,
w11o said to me, in the prcsencc of the Iring,-" Sc~~cschal,
the king is very much setisfietl with the good :md ngreealde
scr.c+xs you hsve done him. mid earnestly wishes for your
hrmour and atlvance~~~ent. He orclcrs me to tell you, as he
1

on their mnrch, that after crossi~rg a river of sweet water,
thy wrived at the Whitc Custody, and having pitclrcd their
tcnts in the plain outside, thy spent the night thcre. On
the first night of their stay, a soldier and his a.rmbearer died
from the bites of two serpenb, within a smd spsce of ground;
md may God, in mlmse service they mere taken, give their
souls absolntion. The army tarried in that place two days.
CH. XL1X.-How the king and his army awived in three days aal Bcte-
?zoblefrom the White Cmlody, and thew waitedfor /he anCal of Ihe
people one month.
ON the thid clay, i, c. the ninth of June, the army arrived
at "Turon of the Soldiers," witliout obshcle or n~isfortune.
On that night, our men captured fourteeu P:~~+,llisns
who I r d come down from the ~nountnins to plunder. On the
morrow, nfkr dinner, thc nrrny rnovcd forward, the Icing
going first, with his own privnte soldiers, cu; far as the castle
of Arnold, where Ile ordered his tent to be pitclred on the
right sud higher side of thc castle. On the morrow, tl~e
French arrived, and the whole nrnry set out for Betcuoblc,
where they stayed sonre time in expectation of Count I-lenry,
wliolr. King Richard I d scnt to .Acre to fetch the peoplc who
were living there in idleness ; whercfol.e, it was necessary for
the army to shy a whole month or more st the foot ol' the
mountain, which the pilgri~ns arc obliged to cross iu going to
and retunling frorn tho I-Ioly City. While in the valley, we
saw many tl~ings happen which we do not think we ought to
pas over in silence. On tlrc ~uorrow of St. ~~r~lab;ls, which
mas Friday, the king was inForrned by a spy that the Turks
were on the niountains, lyiug in zmbush for those who slro~ild
pms by, md at earliest dawn he set out in search of them,
and corning to the fountain of Emaus, he caught thcm
nnawxres, slew twcnty, put the others to flight, and cnptured
Saladin's herald, who wns accustomed to p~.oclniru his
edicts ;-he was the only one Icing Richard ssved alive.
He also took three cmnels, and horses, innlcs, and beautiful
Turcornans; aucl also two mules laden with costly silltcn
coverings, and ditl'ercnt species of aloes, and other things.
The rest of' tlm Ssrncens he pursued over the mountai~ls,
routing and shying them, unLil he cilnla to a valley, where,
after piercing one of tbe enemy, and casting liirrr dyil~g from

letters horn hbl to elltrcd tllf!y would pray to Go(l for him,
and for tl~esoul of tile isle quccn llis mother.
[Tlto Poitiers edition adds : "After I hn.d qnittcLl tile 3p;~l.tmcnt,
of the king, the lsdy Nxry cle Bonncs--Vertlls csnle
to eutrcnt tlmt 1 wollld wait on the quecn to conrfol.t
for ll~at she: \Pits in ln:l.r\.cllons grcnt, grief. IVhcn I nq,s in
licr c11:~111ber, nld snw 11cr weepiug so vcry bitterly, I co111~1
not vcfrsin fro111 saying to her, tint tl~c provcrh was yely
true wbicli said, LMe onglit ncvcr to beliove in thc tcnrs of
wo~uen,' for that the Iarne~~k~tion she was nlJ;i~iy was for
the woman she Ilatd tho rnost in this world. 611e replicfl,
that it mas uut for her she ~ ept, but for tlie cstrelne me1:l.nclioly
of the liing as wcll as for her clangl~tcr, afterwarcls
qrmn of Navnrre, mho WOIIIL~nov be mdcr the guardianhip
of men. The reuon why tllc qlleen tlidilicd the queen
dowager, wiw the continued rudeness of llor beliaviour to
her; for she would not suffer her son to keep compnrly with
his queen, nnnd prevented it as niuch nr lay in her power.
NThsn tlm king ~nnde my excursions throoglr his I;ingtlom,
in company with the two queens, Queen Blancl~e bad him
separated from his queen, and tlley were novw loclge(1 in
the sn.lno house. It l~sppeued one day, during a shy wliich
the court mnde at Pontoise, tlrnt tl~ckiug W:LS 10~iged in
the stoly above tlie i~partments of lus (peen, and he l1ac1
given order^ to his ushers of the chamber, wllenevcr he
shoulcl go to lie wit11 his qucen, and his ~notlier was corning
to his, or to the queen's clmnber, to boat the dop until
they cried out: wl~en the Icing I~enrtl tlrem, he hid I~in~zclf
from his ~nothcr. NOW one day QII~CII Blanche \rent to
the queen's ch:~mber, wllerc her son 11;rcl gone beforo to comfort
Iier, for she was in great Omger of death, from a bad
delivery, ancl he hid himdf behind the qaeeli to avoid
king secn ; but his mother perceived him, n.1111, tnliing him
by tho Imd, said, ' Conle along: you will do no good
bt:re,' and put him out of the cl~nmber. Qneen M:~p~ret
observing this, and that e11c was to be sepaasted from her
husbnnd, cried alolrd, ' Alas ! will you not allow ,me to sce
my lord, neither when I arn dire nor (lying?' In nttc~ing
tltcse words she fainted, and her attclldants thol~glit she
was dead: the liing lilmrisc3 believed it., and instantly retnrncd
to her, and recovered her fron. Lor fsiutii~g-(it."]

CH. L.-IJoro the Turks tn Jm~dem,on Iimriag Ihat li;ng Richard
u;ns cumiwy Jcd niuay in Imrn)., ard bmo Salndin ~ ~rq~tw~t/i,rJli~~.
WTIEN, tlierefi.~re,news was I)rorl,ght Iy tlle fu,qitiye Tllrlrs
to U~USL' who dwelt in .Jcrr~sn,lc~n, tl~nt Kirrg lticlmrtl was anpproaching,
thy were struck wit11 lerror, n.nd tl~crc is no doul,t
tlint had the king alld his arlny ~novetl forwarcl at tl~is critia1.l
juncture of their panic, the Turlis wor~ltl hnvo n11;mdonetl
Jcrus;.~lc~n, :r.ucl let the Christians hkc uudisputc~l lm.~cssion
of it; for the S;~rwens one and :dl 11:d left it md tld, a~tl
not a man wlio could tlefend it evcn venturcd to rcmnin in
tl~c city; nor wns any one tlcterred by the tllrcn.ts of the
snltiin, or sllurcd by the hope of reward ; for dl tht tl~c
sulhn l~iu~self demanded m:m to be snpplied mitb Iris swiftcst
charger, tlmt 11e mighl flee from the h e of Iiiug Riclinrd,
whose arrival Ile d~~l,ccl no1 await.
CU. L1.-Ho~lblo, wliile /he I",-encA were nl BclmwBla, Ihq would have
Been ro~tludin a conflzcl wilh 200 Turks, had ml the bishop nf Sflkisbury
cw~rclo lfrci~succotlr.
ON the smne day on which tl~e Icing wm t.l~us erl~ploycd,
two hundred S:~raccns ~n,nic down from tlie monr~tai~~u to tlic
plain opposite the tents of the Prenclr, and threw the wlrolc
army into confusion bcfore they could be pul to flight. 'I'l~yy
had Iiilletl two of our guards, who lincl gone ,mmc dist:uico 111
senrcl~ of fottcler for tl~e beasts of I~ordcn; n t whose my, thr
Prer~cl~ rusl~ccl fort11 with the Ten~l~l:~rs ant1 Hospitallcrs, but
thcl'urks defended the~l~wlvcs mnnfullyat the foot of the nlonnbin,
and boldly returned their blow, refusing to fight with our
men on levcl ground, but turning to resist as soon ns they renchecl
thc declivity of the mountain ; they also unl~orscd ow of our
kuighis, froin which the French obtained no small 11ispcc.
On this occasion n knight wonld 11ave perforincd nn act of
men~orable vnlour, had lie uot ~I.RIIS~I.CQSC~ tlw rule of his
order, and his exploit was scribed n101.e to raslincss than reid
courqe. He was nn I-Iospitdlcr, by nmne Robert cle E~wgcs,
wlio, Ilaving passed the royal stantlard, sj)urrcd with violcncrc
tho vdunblc clinrgcr on which hc s:~t, nnll in his e:Lgernese to
close with the onemy, issuing from the ranlrs, contrary to 05s..

You nlust know, t,ll,zt the quccn 11a.d lieard tht I Lad Leal
~ I Ia pilglill~nge, and 11:d brought b:dc some relicf~. 1 xnt 11cr by one of niy kliights foa:. pieces of the ca~ulots wLich I
IIX~j)urch:ised ; and when the 1;nigllt entered her :q)artiucnt,
sllc cast Iiersclf on her knees before the camlets, that mcro
wl;zppd up iu a towel, a;nd the knight, seeing the queen do
ilk, flung himself on his 1;nees also. The queen, obsei~ing
Ilinl, s:~iJ, " Xisc, sir knight, it doe3 not beconleyou to lined,
w h are the bearer of' aucl~ holy relics." My knight rcpliec!,
tliat it ma,s riot relios, but cdets, that he Jlacl brought as e
prcscnt from me. IJ~11en the qucen a.nd her 1:ulies 11c~d this,
they burst into Iaugllicr, and the queen said, " Sir lrnigl~t,
the deuce trike your lord for having niade me lrncel to n
parcel of carnlcts.""
Soon after the king's nrrivnl at Snjecte, ke receired thc
ncws of tlio de:~th of the quean his mother, wl~ich causotl
11it11 such grief that he was two days in his chamber without
suffering any ono to see him. On the third, he sent one of
his valcts to scclc me; and, on my presenting myself, Iic
csknded his arms, and said, " Ah, senosclld, I have lost my
motlux!"
" Sir," replied I, '& I am not surprised at it, for you laow
there must conlc a time for her death; but I en1 i111le:ci
greatly so, tht you who are consiclcrecl as so ereat a prillco
sliould so ootngeouely grieve; for you l;now,: continuud I,
" t1ln.t the wise man sap, whatever grief the valiant marl
sufl'crs in his mind, he ought not to slmv it on his countenance,
nor let it be publicly kilown, for lie that does so gives plcasure
to his ene~nies and sorrow to llis friends."
I t1111s appeased lrim a little ; and he gaw orders tliat
most ~nagnificent religious serviccs shr~u!d be performed in tlie
cou~itry in which he then wm, for the salvation of' tlie soul
of the late queen. ITe sent lilmvise to France s load of
jewels and precious slones to tlla n:~tiod chnrcheu, with
* Alter these words, w!mt follows is in the edition of Poitiers : ' I I
Forgot to say, that whilst the king was at Sajette, a great person in Egypt
serlt him a most curious stone, the like was nevcr seen. It split into
scales. and when one scale was knitell off, there sas seen the perfect resemblance
of a sea-fish mas deeply impressed batwen two stonm, to
which wither colour nor form wis deficient, in similar matter to the
stone. The king gllve me ti prmf itr and, when it wa:; divided, there
urns the esnct form and ccrlour of n tcnch, such as it is in nature."

ciplinc, chargcd the Tnrlis done, before the otliers cme np in
order ; ai~lurgiilg at full spcell npinst a Turk who wns most
sl~lcnditlly armed, lie pierced 11ii1i tl~ougl~ Itis coat of ill:i.il
nnd body with s~rcli force, that tllc lance came out nt his bncl;.
r
1he Turk fell to the gl~onncl, but his body w:ts not lcft Lchind ;
alld thcn our men niadc a sinluItnncous cllarge upon the nncniy.
After this, Chvier, tlic inaster of tl~c Ilospitnllcrs, coin-
~nnndcd Rolrcrt to dismount, aiitl nttcnd to the ~liscipli~~e of
his order ; Ihbert obeyed his coin~nnnrls, mcl disrnoi~nting,
returned ou foot, and waited pnticnt,ly until somc nobles and
men of infiueilcc pr~.yed Gervi(~r, lhe master, on llleir knees,
to forgive Iliin, anrl rcn~it his tlxinsgression, warning llim uot
to be!l:lve in like innntier for the futurc. 130tli sitlcs now
lnboulwl in tllc contest wit11 doubtful swccss. Tl~c Ilcavclis
~cuouncled wit11 tl~c slio~its OF war ; tlte enrklr was itioist \i,itll
blood ; ~wortls rung 3s tiicy cl~~slicrl togelller, slii~ltls ~.:~ltle~l,
nid ench side v:w :sitntctl Ly c~[r~:~l fury. Our mcii, Il~tigucci
by tllc \vci,gl~t of thc batil~l; I)cgnn to wnwr, wl~cn,by divine
proviclcnce, thc count of Perche, Iie:u.ing the noise of the
winbat, c:inw up ; yet Iio slic\vcd l~in~sclf but :I tiniid man,
ant1 the =I'J.CIIC~I woulrl Il:~ve hen routcr-1 611 that day, !lad not;
tlie Lisllol~ of Srtlisbury, 1ic:~rinj' ~ I I Ct~iinult, conw quickly to
theii- succonr.
CH. LII.-IJOTO, wrhilc the army was .r/ayiay I,! Brlnobh, a large
number of ow men, W/LUhad thr chu~qc11f ~JIPCnTal.N?lSJhm Joppu,
,were ailely trealcrl a d nrosl roz~glrl!/bealen. by lhe Tztrb, and Ao~u
llrcy 7uerc I.@.YL.UE~by Ihr curl of Leicc~tcr.
ON the sc\w~tcc~itL of JUIIC,i. e. on SL. Uotoll)lr's dny,
Iwiiig Wetlnuslny, ow cnrnvali -was on its way fwn~Joppa
to tl~c arilly, ltdcn wit11 pi.ovisions and other neccssrnies
Ferric of Vienna mas dcpr~tcrl t,o conduct it, in the place
of Count Henry, who should hnve pi~otcctctl the rear,
but who Ilnd bceii sent to Acrc. Ferl.ic lind that thy nvlrecl
13alclwi11 dc Chrron and C~larenbald cle Mollt Clinblon, to
take cIi:~~.ge of the c:lrnvnn, lcst t,lie people sliould straggle too
widely, or Oc incu.utiously scp:rratcd ; but they ~icvcrtl~clcss fc!l
into this crror, mil pid tl~e penalty of tlirir negligence.
Il'ltese were Mnonssicr de Lisle, Ricllard de Ei*ques, Theodcric
Phi'lip, and some comrades of Bnldwin ~lc Cnrron,
Otlm, and ninny squirm, wit11 their rclntions nnJ friends, who
proved thair frienllship ill the hour of iiced. The forenlost,

502 JOIXVILLE'S NENblRS OF SAIKT LOUIS IX. [py.~~.
During this tilne, bciy onc Jay in the presence of tile
liing, I :wl;ncl his 1e:~vc lo mdce a pilgrimnge to our Tlnrly
of 'l'urtosn, which -vvm tlwu very rnucl~ in rcq~~est. (I;I.C;Lt
1111n1be1.sof pilg-ims wcnt thither ddy, for it \.rx~ssnill to
IL:LVB LCL'LItllc first IL~~:LL. ercctcd in ho~iuuu of tl~e nlotl~cr
\ of Chi. Our hly pcrformcrl the many woullerfol nlirn­
,' ~1~s; and one iu pwticulsr o:l a puur u~zu tl~nt wns a
clen~ol~i;~c. Iloving lust his senscs, for 110 was posscssrtl by 3,
wicked spirit. it I~:~.ppei~ctl, thnt ol~e thy lie w : broyl,t ~
to this nltar of our L:dy at Torlosa; and ns Lis friends who
hntl L~ol~;.llt hi111 wcrc l)~-zj-ing Lo 0111. hlly to car0 him,
nncl restore his seilsps, the clevil wlrom the poor crenturc
Ilad ill his bod7 replid, " Our Lady is not hcre but in
Egytt, wl~itl~cr she is gone to ;bid tl~oking of France 2nd
the Christixns, who lzd this day on thc Holy Land, to 1nal;e
w:ir on the P:~gws, who are on horsebncl; to receive them."
Wht the clovil had ntterd was put down in writing ;
and when it WL~ brought to the le~:~~o, who was with tI~e
king of FI~ICC, IIC mid to me that it mu on that V~:I.Y
il:~ywc I d srrivcd in Egypt ; and I am sure the good Lady
31wy W.W uf tllc utn~ost service to US.
The king very readily gavc mo leave lo malie this pilgrimnge,
5ncl nt tile s:Lmc time cl~orgccl me to buy for him s h~mdrd-weight
of ditrcrcnt colorr~~cdcnlnlet,r, which Ire va.s
dcsircius lo give to LIIO Cortleliers on.llis return to Frxnce.
From tllis, I gucmetl that it woulcl uot be long beforc 11c set
out on his rcturn tl~itllcr.
Wllen I arrived at Triple;" the end of my pilgrimage, I
ude my otf;Lrings to Cod, i d to our Ldy of Tortasa., md
nftcrwnrtl I~ougl~t ll~camlets accordiug to tl~c king's orders.
My linigl~tu, seeing me thus occupied, nslxd w11nt I intentlcd
doing with so many cmlctsl. 1 int1ua:d tl~ctn lo Lelicvc
tlu? I u~:ule these purchnscs to pin n profit fro111 resclli~~g
them
The pir~~c of t.Imt co~!ntry> bcnring of our arrival, 2nd
lrnowi~lg tl~t I WLS CCOI~~ fro111 the king's army, gave us :L
most Iionil~~r~i.blc rcmption, a!id offered as 111apifi cent presents.
We r~~tor~~crl him our most hun~lde thxnl;s, hut woi~ld
:tccept of nothing but a fL.w relics, w!liCll I brought to the
king with I~is cw111ets.
* Qy. Tripoli.

298 ITINERARY OF SICHAIID I. [ti. \.. C. 52.
of our men n~ovcd quickly fo~~vards, but the I~iud~uost fol-
lowed with s slow and u~~willi~~:: 1~43 ; wlicn suddenly, not far
frolu klliul:~, tllc Turkisll 11urse from the n~ountains, burstirlg
fro111 tl~oir nrnlush, i.ushed upon the latter at full sperl,
ant1 er~Je:~vvurecl t~ get before them ; they Ll~crcfor~ pelletxrted
and [J:ESC~ tlrrougl~ thc Ilo~ses, wliich formed the llintlmost
of tlc c:mvan. l'llcre 13;iltlwin de Carron mns tllrowl~
from Iris horse ; but branclislliug his drawn sword nncl 1nl11tiplying
his blows in all dircctio~~s, he proved inzccessible to
thc enemy. In that ellcounter ltichard Torques and l'lreolloric
were thrown from their horses, but Ualdwi~l fought
with great courwa until his me11 brought him a horx, and
l~clpcd him to mount it. There was tllen n, very scvere co~~flict,
mil Ilmour:~blc to botl~ sides ; d~awnswords flml~i~ig, the one
side atbckilg, an11 the other clefcnding theruselvcs nlost
b~a\.cly; horscs wandering up and down without riders ; the
Tilrks rushing nbont, nncl our Inen fighting stoutly. As
often as the Turlis fclled a nlan to the grou~rd, our nten
closed ~ CJIIIIC~ him, and raising him up, helped I~ini to Iiloiint his
horse, each ussisting one nnotller. Dlit our men fonght at
great odds, for they werc very few colnpnrccl with the llosts
of the enemy, and eacli colrtended sepa~dcly with the foe,
and was hid as it were by the multitude of his aclvcrmics ;
whence it was not to be woncIered tl~at tl~c enemy's riumlrcrs
excluded our mcu; for whenevcr one of our bravest men wns
thrown from his horsc, he was overpowered by numbers, nnd
the horses were woundctl and much wcakcned by the showers
of tlnrts tlut werc thrown at tlleni. iliorcovcr Baldwin wna
.soon ~fter thrown n seco~~tl tim from his horse, and he imtnetli:t,tcly
comuinndctl one of his men-at-arms to dismount from
1.111: h:;e on wbicli he mt, and hin~self mounted 011 it, imn~ehtcly
after which, tlle uml, wl~o I I belrnvctl ~ hilnsclf wit11
gw:~.t IIrowess, I d Itis lleatl cut off. Our men now stood on the
tlcfcnsiw, aud Philip, tllc co~u~de of Baldwin, who lel~aved
I~indr' with gre:~t distinction, was ti~lien prisoner, .zud with
IL~IIIt,ilc Turlis todi motller mnu-~~~arms of great prorvcss,
ind killctl the brotl~er of Richard. The tiniid would dread s
rcrwwill of sucl~ a con~bat. lhltlwin and his comrxles fought
with their swords and dcfended tl~enlselves with all their
~ i But l Clarcmb&l de Mont Chdlun deperted his
men, and took to fljg11t ns soon as llc saw the nulliben of
the Turks increase. Tllen the conflict w3s renc\vecl with

A.D. 1'253.1 CAPTURE OP BALD.\C DY TUO TARTARS. 501
t:~lx plfice bctmecu their two cl~ildrcn. The c:~lipl~, having
consnlt~l his council, rcplictl, tl~at 11c was s:~tisfictl with the
pn)p~ml. In retnru, the king of Tnrtary reqt~cstd that
hc woul~l send to l~im forty of Iris principal C~IIIISC~~~~S to
treat of :mcl agree to this ~r~:wri:tge. This tho c:l.liph co~nylie~l
with; bat tile king of 'l':~rtm.y tlcfni~~ccl hm, ntd
seut word they mcre nut enougl~, and tl~nl forty wore of
the ridlest of the cnliplis subjects nmt also bo sent for the
gre.z!t?r sccurity of tlx nrtklcs of lhe u~:~rriagc. Tlrc c:~lipI~,
bclicving w-but he s:d wns the tr11t11, seut Irim forty more,
as hc I d Jesirccl, ;derau u Lllinl tiruo tho s~ti~u ~~unil)es
of his pri~~cipal subjects.
"WIICII tllc Tartar Icing Iml thus got sis score of the'
best captains, and the priucipnl n.nt1 111nst ~vealbhy of thc
caliplr's s~~l?iects, he tl~onght the rc~unindcr mnst consist of
sucl~ cormnon people ns coulcl not resist him, ILILJ. WOUIJ be
unnblc to clcfencl tl~c~~isulves.
"'11p011 this, he ordclwl t11e sis score pcrsonngeu to 11c
bcl~catlc~l, and nttnc1:c:tl tllo t,ow so bribldy tl~at he tool; i~,
witlr tl~c cnlipll its lord.
" I1aving gained' the tomn, 110wislied to cover his disloyalty
2nd trenson by throwing tl~c lhne ou tllo cnlipl~,
wllon~ lie confinet:l in an iron C:I~O. IIc mndc him fhst
unt,il tl~e ]:MI,estremity, when tho Iring cnlne to him, and
asl

'
fresh vigour, and Cz1,ldwin was a third time thrown from his
horse, md so beaten with clubs, as al111ost to I I ~rendered
lifeless ; the blood flowed in strean~s fro111 his nose and cihrs,
wliilst his sword was blunted from constant osc, antl wns nnserviced~le
from its point being broben. Theu Raldwin, 011
fillclil~g llinwclf snrrounrled I,y a dense muss of Turl;s, cried
out to Mannssier de Lisle, a knight of great prowess, and who
crushed all he ]net :-" Manausier," said he, " do you then
desert me ?" On lleariyg this, Monmsicr flew with all speed
to rescue him from the Turks ; Lut the enemy were so many,
tlmt these two could do nothing against tllenl, tllongh they
fought bravely for a long time agaiust overwlelnling numbers ;
until Blanassier W;LS tlrrown from his horse, and when he was
on the gronid they bcat 11i1n cruclly with their iron maces,
made rough with tceth, nnd, standing round, they so m3ngled
him, t11at they brolie OK l~is leg, bone nncl all, fro111 his body ;
antl tlm J3alclwin and filanwsicr werc being destroyell by the
enemy, while ttcir own 11ic11 wcre iwwlant of their hte. But,
?
at tl~is ~noment, God seut the val~nnt earl of kcester, who
had been ignorant of their danger, to rcscoe and protect tl~em.
The earl, on 11is arrival, dwl~cd at the enemy and cast the
first wnu he encountered from his horse; upon mhicl~. Auscun,
the comrade of Stepllen de Lon,ncl~nrnps, c~it off his Ile'd,
and hurled it to a disLa.nce. Slcplle~~ also bel~~ved him-
self ~n;~~lfolly, and our people incrensing iu numbers, the
euenly were routcd, and fled with peed to the mountains,
except those whom our men overtool

and indeed cornmancl, in tho l&-~g's name, tltat you joill
to n,.qsi:jt thr: sencscltd Of Ch;bntp%gnc."
A Iruight, whose nnnw was sir TVillic~m rle Beaumont,
canto to him, and ~ 1 dithat I was killcJ ; I,llt, not,vitllstmcling
this, the good Sir Olivier de Tcrlnes dicl not tllo
more spnro hinlself; for he m,hS dete~mined to lcnow the
trutl~, wlicther I W X ~alive or dead, thnt he migltt give tile
Icing certain informstion of it, and gnlla~itly nsccntled tile
rnoa~lt, wlion I wcnt to him. Sir Olivicr, wlictt on t,lIc
rnol~rit, snw tlie greet danger TVC MWC in, n~ld tllat we
could not tlescend thc way we ltstl got up; he tllc~.cf~,~~
pve IIY good nclvice, and rn:~de us cl~sccocl :I, slop of tire
hiil, ns if we were goit~g to Dnuinscus, saying thnl; tl~e
Snra,cens would suppe, by Lhis ninnccuvrc, thnl wc meant
to f:dl on thcir rcnr. When we hat1 got into the pli~itl,
Sir Olivier orclercd s large Itcap of corn, that was sbackecl
on t.llc ground, to Be set on lire, nntl by tths mcnns, nud
oor own escrt.ions, tlnouglt thc good counsel of Sir Olivicr
de Termes, we escaped, and arrive11 on the Illorrow in snfcty
at Snjecte, where tho lriug wns. Mrc found the good :md
holy lnnn had ordcrecl tlie Lotlics of thoso Clvialinns h t
were ?lain to bc burid, :~.nclthat LC Iiimsc!f Itad msistcd
in carrying their corpses to the grave. Some of the bodies
were in such a state of c~rruptioli, tllat divers of' the carricrs
wcre oblige11 to stop their nostrils, h t tlm good Iiing
never cliil this. When wc mrne to Itirn, he 11:~d cawed onr
lodgings and quntcrs to bc ~ c d pr~pnrcd y for us.
TVhilc we were before Sajcttc, some mcrchnnts cnme
* rC"
to the king, nnd l)roi~,ylit him in~~lligcnce thnt the kind of
T:~rtary hnd take11 tlte city of Bnldnc, with the aposblo
of the S;~raccns, who was lord of the town, and mas called
the Ctzlipll of Baldac.
" Thc manner of its c~pturewns ns follows :-The Icing
of T:crtnly liad Inid his plnns with much sccrwy and ciaution,
ancl after Ite hnd bcsicgtl tho place, scnt to infmn
tlie calipl~, tlrnt iu ortlcr to prcscrve peace an11 be on good
tcrms with Iiim, lie was C~CR~~OLIS
that a m:wia.g,.e shoulcl
* Tlte clmptcr, which is llcre given, is omitted by Mennrd, bat is
conbinecl in tl~c Poitiers cdition. 4s it lrinrs every appearance of
tmving been written by Joinrille, it hns been lhouglit proper to insert lt
iu its plaw.

ITINERARY OF RICKAnD I. [R. rr. C.1.
IT also I~slq~cucd, on tl~c third day before the! fcnst of St.
John the? bptist, i. C. st. Alb;Ul's thy, t,ll&b wllilc the arnly
wu st:~,ying tilere, they wcrc 11111~11co~nforte~l by news w11icIt
wu brought to tllc king ; for n rlevout ninn, the abbnt of
St. Elie, whose countenance bcspokc Ilolinersr, with long bend
and head of snow, carno to the Itinp, nntl told him, that n,
long ti~ntr ngo lie l~nd conccnled ;L piccc of the r-joly Cross, in
order to ~~rcservr: it, until the I-loly Landshould bc rescuc~.l from
the inticlcls, ant1 restored entirely lo its fornlcr st:ite ; mld that
he aloua la~cw of this hidden trc:lsure, ant1 tl1n.t lie l~atl ofken
Lccn pressed 11:~rlI by S:~lndio, wlto I d tried to ~nalie I~im
di~cover f,he Crnss, by the mosl searcl~ing inrlr~irics; but thnt
he I d n1way.s b:~fllcd his questioners by n~l~bigwns replics,
and tleludetl tl~em with false shletnente ; mil th~t on account
of his contumncy, Ssl:l(lin lind ordered him to be bound ; but
hr: in :~saerti~~g tht he Irnd lost the piccc of' the
cross (luring the taking of the city of Jerusnlcm; and had
tllus rlcluclccl him, notrnitl~stal~ding his anxiety to fin11 it.
The kiq, healing his, set out iiulncdiately, with thc nbbnt
snd n great nun11)er of people, to the plnc,e of wl~icl~ the nbbnt
hd ss))oken; nncl hnving tnlrcn up tl~c picce o.€ the IToly
Cross with Ilrr~nl,le vencmtion, thy rcturned to the army ;
and tny'ti~cr wit11 the pcuplc, they Iiissctl the Cross will1
much piety and co~~tl'ition.
BOOK VI.
CH.I.-HWJ, when the lirrencA wcre desi~ousof procec8irt.g lo Jen~~nkm,
King Ridmrd would not ayce, wii/ro?d the advice oJ" !/re 2'mplnrs,
I-lo.g~ilnllr.rs,mrd ~mlivosof the cutorlry.
WUEN the army 1n.d worshipped the Cross for :c long
time, in their esceetling grcnt joy. he lower order nncl
common people c~~luplainecl, :~nd snicl, " 0 Lord God, whzt
shall wc do ? Sliall mc still proceed to Jcr~l~nlc~nWhat
?
marc sldl we uuderhke? Sliall we be able to l~oltlout

Wldc I wm on the top of this n~ou~lt, the master of the
Ternplars, bearing tliat I mas in grcs,t dnnaer, hnstcned to
me. I had wit11 me the Gcrnlnns, who, when tLey saw the
Turks fly for the castlo, which wns at some distance from the
town, lqpn to pursue tl~eit~, ill spite of' me, aud nltllougl I
cried out to tlicm they were doing wrong, for we had accomplisl~cd
wliat we had been ordered to perform.
The castlo was seated above the town, but without the
suburbs, and nearly half nleague up Mount Libauus. Tl~creore
very high rocks to pass before you arrive at t.he mstle ; and
when the Germans found they wcrc rery rnsl~ly pu?su!ng the
Turl;s, who had gained the castle, wcll knowing 311 the turnings
of the rocks, they returned to rejoin us ;but the Saracens,
obsewi~~g thcm retreating, dismounted, and: falling on them
as tlley descended the rocks, gave tl~cm many severe blows
with their battlc-axes, inson~uch that they drove them back
in disorder to where I was. Ny men seeing the nliscl~ief the
S:~mcens did to the Gern~ans, whoin they closely p~~rsucd,
began to be frightenecl, and to taltc nlnrln ; but I told t.l~cm
that if they quittcd their position I woultl break then^, null
prevcnt thcin ever after from receiving the king's pay. They
replied, Lord de Joinville, we are niucli worse oil' thou you
are ; for you are on Lorsebaclc, nud csn escape when nnd
where you plwse; hut we who are ou foot arc in the greatest
danger of being Billccl, should the Saraceus come I~itl~cr."
Upon this I dismounted nmong them, to give them more
couraFe, and sent my war-11orsc to the battalion of the
Templars, which was a long cross-bow-shot distmt.
A9 the Saracens were thus driving the Germans before
, then), one of my knights received a bolt from a cross-born
in the throat that laid him dead at my fcct, upon wl~icl~
another of my knights, c:~Ucd Sir TIugh d'Escossd, nnde to
the dcsd Imight, desired I would nssist him to carry his
nephew down froni tho mount, tliat he might be buried ;
but I refused, for the kuighl; hall joined the Germans iu
, pursuing the Saracens, contrary to uiy will and orders. If,
tlicrefore, lie suffercd for it, I was no may to blame. So
soon :u Sir John dc Valenciennes liearcl the dxnger we
were in, and tht my division was in disorder, ho hastoned
to Sir Ciivier de Termes, aud tho otllcr captains from
Langocdoc, and addressed them, "My lords, I beg of you,
2 1; a

until we have a.ccomplisbed our pilgrimage ? '"h118 loud
i11'08C :I,IIIOII~S~
mnrnrurs :tnd c0111plai11ts the pople. On wl~icl~
account, the kiug nnd the 1c:ders of the army %~scn~blerl togeth;
to considcr wl~etl~ur it was ospcdiunt to proccetl tothe sicge
of .Jerusnlenl or not. Tl~c Tcrc~~cll c;~rncstly entreated, and own
esllortctl Llle king to pruccctl; but he replied, tllnt it could
not be clone. '' b'or," said tlle Itiug, "you will not see. mc?
actillg ns tlle guide and leader of the people in this matter ;
for I luight iucur disgrace tl~crcly, :LS it would be tho heigl~t
of in~pruclence now to pre.53 on tbiu enterprise. If it please
you to proceed to Jcrus:dem, I will not dcscrt yo11 ; I will
be your comrnde, but not your comm:~ncler; I will follow,
not lend you. Does not Sal:~~lin I

of Srrr, Sir Crillcs le l31m, cnnstd)le of FL:~.IICC, Sil* petCp
tl~e clrsnlbelhin, t,lle nl:r$tcrs of tllc Tcr~ylc of
I-Itqitnl, ancl their ~ucn-aL-n.lws. During thc niqllt b,-e
sr~nerl oursclvcs, :~nda little I)a:fore (!:LY SDW tile lllain jn
whih W~LSsitu;ated th~: ciLy of Urlinas,' cnllcd irk Scripture
ihnrc:~ Philippi. TIIIW is within the city a l~~:~~tif~~l
ti)ur~t:~i~~ ilnn~etlLC JODI; nntl on the lhin heforc tl~c plncc,
suotbcr fino spring, allecl .D:~in. From tl~esc t,wo sprilp
issua rlmlets, wl~iclr unite at son~o dist,atlce and form tile
river Jordan, in which our Lord Jesus (Jllrist a:le bnptized.
Baythc ;ulvicr: of the count d'lh;jou, and the m:r~tc~~s of tile
Te~nplnus 2nd I-Iospitn!lcrs, it was ordered, t11:~t the L:rtt;nlion
of the ];ins, in which I then was, with n~y Itnigl~b,as ncrc
;tl:jo the fo'orty knigl~ts from C!l~a~npn,yne, whom the king 11ad
pot under my co~nmpl, Sir Gcofry do Sergi~~cs, and the
otllcr bravo men tlmt were with us, sl~o~ilcl iiiar~ch betmcen tbc
1:mtle :~nd town; that the barons and lnndholtlcrs cf the
coontry should enter tl~c town on the left, the I-Ioapi~llcru on
I,he right, and tho master of bl~c Tc~nplnrs, with his division,
was to cuter the place from tl~c rod by wl~icli we 11d come.
%m:h body was now in motiou ; and a.we npproached the
Imk plrrts of the city we found many of our countrylnen
dc;lrl, w!mm the S;uacens h;d liillecl and thrown 01er the
~~111s.You mush know t,hc line we were to take wsr vcry
cl:~~~gerous ; for! ill tile first place, there were three wslls to
p:zsq a,nd a bank so stcep and brolxn, that no onc could keep
his sndrlle. On tbe top of this L:~nli, wbich we were to a.sceni1,
.rv;cs n large bcdy of Turks on llorscbaclc. Pcrceiviu~1lrn.t
our people were 3.t one p1:m brcaliing down thc walls, I
wisher1 to advance towards them sl~irmishing. As 1 was
thin:_. this, one of our men attlemptecl to leap the wall. hilt hc
fbll onder his I~orse, which was also thrown down. When I
S:LW this I dismounkd, and, tsking my horse by the bridle,
:~scendetl boldly towa.rds the Turks; but, as God willeJ it,
they fled and left us the pl:~cc. 011 tl~etop .tl~crc w:15 a
road cut in the rock wllich 1cd to tho city ; and the la~xcns
xithin the place no sooner s3.w US n~nslm of the rock t.lm
they tool; to flight, LI?~pvc up the city witlrout opposition
Lo our hrrny.
" Culled by the ancients " Panens." and " Czcsarc,i Philippi." Noradin
qt111.r.d it from Humpi~reyde Toron in the year 1177.

"
302 ITINERARY OF RICHARD I. [B. TI. C. 2.
with such douhtful issue, I should deem it wrong to rush
rashly forward, without great precaution. Moreover, we,
and our people, are ignorant of the locality of this region, of
the roads and dofiles; which, if we were better acquainted
with, we should be able to proceed with greater safety ;until
we attained, with joy and triumph, the long-clcsircd succcss.
But I am of opinion, that the best course to pursue, is to ask
the advicc of the natives of the soil, who long to recover their
la~ids and former possessions, and endeavour to ascertain
from thcm what they deem best to be clone, as they are folly
acc~uaintedwith the nature of tho roads. I think also we should
consult the Templars arid IIospitallers, and take their jnclgment
and opinion, as to whetller we should proceed, first, to
the siege of Jerusalem, or to Babylon, or Baruth, or Darnasclis
; and thus our army will not continlie, as now, to bo
divided into parties, from diversity of opinion."
CH. 11.-How it was agreed by common consent, that twenty discreet
men shoukl be appointed, find that all should abide by their opinion;
and how Ihe king assented and Ihe French opposed it.
IT was therefore iqreetl, by tlie king's recommendation,
and by common consent, that twenty trusty men should be
sworn, and that dl should follow their advice, without further
opposition. There were chosen five of the Ten~plars, fivc of
the French nobles, five of the Rospitallers, and five of the
natives of Syria. These twenty met together, and after conferridg
for some time on the aforcsaicl matter, thcy gave it as
their clecicled opinion, that it wits the most eligible plan to
r~roceed direct to the siege of Babylon. On he;rring this, the
French stoutly opposed it, ancl protcstril that they would
rnnrch nowhere else but to tlie &ge of Jernsalem. The
Iring, on liearin~ of the obatinncy and defection of the French,
was troublecl thereat, and reniarlrecl: " If the Preiicli will
accede to our plan, and agrec to proceed to the sirge of
Babjlon, according to their oath of obedience, I will give
them my fleet, which lies at Acre, fully equipped, to carry
thcir provisiolis and necessaries, ant1 the army cnn then
march along tlie coast with confidence. I will also concluct
thither, at my own charge, 700 knights, snd 2,000 of their followers,
in Lhe name of the Lord ; and if any one has ned
of thc msistance of my money or mcans, he* niny he assured

A.D. 1253.1 QUdnRllL J3ETWEEN TWO ESQUIRES. 497
Iile cngc~ly. When they 11ad seen him, they ~~cl:o~r~ii~c:iclctI
llirn LO God, ;L.S he clirl. the sane to tl~em in retun.
Tlte ncst clay the king aud his army marched to a place
called hsse-poul:~i~~,.* shor~ta hgue distant from new, where
:we 1n:m-y hcnrrtiful slrings of w:~ter, with which the SII~Ycanes
are irriptcd.
TVl~cnI nrns loclqd, ono of my knight3 said to nle, " Sir,
you are now tnucl~ bett.er qunrterecl tl~:~nyou werc before
Snint Sur." Gpon wl~icl~ :~notl~er of my knights, WJIU bad
fixed 011 my lodgings the preceding day, replied, "Yon we
too fuuoll~zrdy in thus blming me to n1y :urcl;" :m

t
tliat he shall be suppliccl act:c,~vling to his wauts; and if any
one cloubts my tloi~tg Illis, 1. will niurcl~ cvitlr IIIV own soldiers
only, and without ot,h~:r I~el,,." ?'l~t:n Ilo ~~n~nrtliatclyordered
that inquiries sl~oultl IN nlntlt: at the tents t>f il~eHospitnllers,
which were contiguous to his own, what they conld supply
for tllc completion of the siege, and horn many men they
could furniali. The chiefs also came there, a d agreed to nldce
an ample contributiol~ towartls the expenses of the siege,
though they had very little in their pockets. But at that
doubtful and critical ,juncture, they seenletl too eager to
undortalte so venturous an enterprise, with even less precaution
than they evinced in comlue~~cing the ~iege of Jerusalern,
from which the jurors 11x1 so earnestly dissuaded
them.
Cli. 111.-How, while the army wax at Bclcno(rZc, Dct-nard, the king's
syy, Lrouyhl news of the ovproac/~ of some vcry large caravansJrom
Babylon, and horu Iiing Richard seut out men to caj~lure,and Saladin
sent on the other hand lo guard them.
W~IILEtherefore they were anxiously inquiring whnt each
ought to contribute towards the expenses of the siege, there
arrive11 Bernsrd, R spy of King Richanl's, and two others,
all of whom were natives of the rountzy, nod came from the
neighbo~irhood of Babylon. Tlicy were attired in the TurJcish
costume, and differed in nowise from the Saracens, and it was
their business to report to King Richard the condition o the
enelny. No one spoke the Tu~lclsl~ lauguage with fi d eater
easc, and King Richard had given to each of lhe the8 100
marlis of silver for his services. They signified to the king
that he should sot out, with all his men, as quicltly as possible,
to intercept thc cnrsvnns, which wcre coming from
Babylon, and to wllich they promisod to conduct him. The
Icing, tlelightecl at what he hcard, charged the duke of B11rgnnlly
to join him in~incdiately in the euterprise, and hring
the French to assist ; and they agreed to go, on condition
that they sho111d ~weiue the third part of thc booty, to which
tho Iring assented. Then about 500 soldiers instautly set out,
well nrnied, nnll tho king took with him 3 thousand hired
scrving-men. At evening they pursued their ~narcll, the king
precccling them, and advancing all night, by the light of il
spleudiJ moon, thy arriretl at Galstin. Tlierc they re,ted a

4.96 JOINVILLE'S MEMOIRS OF SAINT LOUIS I?(. [p~.11.
in before thc S:rn..ms clestroyecl it. In collscquence, Ile
give ordcrs for tile mmh of tho army tbitl~er on the fpstival
of St. Peter md fil. Paul. Wide tl~e]ting md llis
army were beforo the castle of h.~1;he snlwnoncd ]]is
in the evcning, ~IIJ told tllcln I I wt.9 ~ very ,anxious
to take from the Snrscenu the city of Naples, which is
cdled in the Holy Scriptares S:~n~nrin.
Tbe Knights Templsrs, barons snd dmirds of the country,
advised him to it, a3 what he was in duty bound to do;
but ntlded, tllst he oyght not po~cjon:~lly to espose himself
there, Tor fmr of any u~rfort~~nnte xcidcnt, saying thst if he
were mado prisoner or killed, tho whole country would b-
lost.
The king replied, that hc would not allow his army t,
march thither without his nt:compnnying it, and from this
disnpwment the enterprise was no more thought of. We
continued our march dong the sands to Acrc, where the king
and his whole army were lodged that night.
On the morrow, a grent troop of Arnmeninns, who were nl
their pilgrimage to Jerusalem, came to me, and entreated,
through a, Latin interpreter, thnt as I IW about t.hc king's
person, I wo~ilcl shew then1 the good king Loois. I went
to h e king, and told him tlmt n large body of people,
from Upper brn~enia, going to Jerusnlem, were very desirous
to see him. He burst into laughter, and bade me
bring them to him. I instantly obeyed, and they followed

304 1TlNRRAfiY OF ILICIIARD I. [13. VI. C. 4.
short tilnc, nld cent to .~scnlou for provisions. Mcauwl~ile,
tliey c~.rdully prepsrecl their ama until the servants, who hid
been scut for tl~c prouisious, nrrivd. 13111 our mcn 11x11 no
soouer started, ns we II:LVC mid, to cnptwc the c:mtva~is, tlt:~~~
a spy iuforn~etl %iI:~tlin, at dernsaleni, tlmt he lml seen I

~ 1 1 1 pcrforinecl ~ 1 ~ it without seeking to do more tbm t,hc
liil~g of Ii'rance had done.
This Richurrl, king of England, performed such deeds of
prowess when he was in the Holy Land, that the Saracens,
on seeing their horses frighteneti at a sl~ndow or bush, crid
out to them, "Wliat, dost think King Richard is there ?"
'I'llis they wcre accustomed to say? from the n~any an11
many times lie hnd conquered 3rd vanquished them. In
like manner, when the cldrlren of the 'l'urli~ or Ssrncens
cried, their motllcrs said to them, " Hush, hush! or I will
bring King kichard of Englal~d to you ;" and PL.anl 1910
fright thcse words mused they were instantly quiet.
I must say something more of this I-Iugh, duke of BIII'gundy.
He was personnlly b~nve and chivalrous, bnt ncver
reputed very wise toward God or nmn, as appears fro111
wlnt Ins just been told of him ; and, in allusion to !)in?,
the great king Philip said, wLcn he was told that tl~c
eoi~nt John cle Ch%lons llnd a son whom he bad cllristened
Ilugh, "May God, out of his good UWS, make him a prcz~?~o.m.ma
as well as a pr~Ihomnza."* There is much difcrenm Letween
tbeso two cl~nrncters, for many a Itnight among tho
Christians and Samccns is bolt1 enoug!~, but of little cliscretion,
who neither fears nor loves God ; and it wx said
that God had been very gracious to that knight, who, by
his actions, showed he united both tliese qualities. But the
person of whom I am spealrin~ might well he called a
prcuc:lhomme, for he ms sufficiently bold and personally
enterprising but not mentally so, for he feared not to sin,
nor to behave ill toward his God.
Of the immense sums it cost the Iring to enclose Jaffa,
it does not become nie to speak, for they were countless.
He cnclosed the towu from one side of the sea to the
other; and there werc twenty-four towers, including smnll
and great. The ditches were well scoured, and kept clcan
* Snint Louis mnde this distinction hetween prmrhomme nnd prmsd-
Aommc. The first was valiant nnd personally bold ; the second, prudent,
discreet, having n good conscience, and the fcnr of God. The words
prcu and pveuhommo are devived from the Lntinprolus, which, in the
writers of the middle ages, signified a " valiant mnn ;" and from this the
Frcnch have formed their word prmlx. From tbis word we have formed
"pror~ssce," the English ' I prowess," the Spaniards " prozza," the Italians
" prodezza."

the cnravnn, followed for some time by the Sarncens, with
tl~rir bows and Ianccs, until they cccasccl in their 1111rs11it from
wenrincss. Thy, however, strongly snspccLctl tint they wcre
of lllcir own couutry, and not belonging to the encnly. Our
spies, tlwcforc, hnvin:? ascert:~inetl the trrrlh, ns to fhc bcfore-
~llcl~tioned c:wnvnns, rcturned with dl spcccl to the Iting, and
tolcl him t,liat Ilc might easily captu~,e the cnrzvnw if IIC wonld
malie Iwte. On lcnrning this, tlie ]ting, after rcfrcsl~ing his
horscs wit11 provc11cler, sct out with his nicn, mil tl~ey m:llkcd
doring tho I'ollowil~fi night until they csnle to the plwc wl~crc
thc cnm\ml aricl its mere resting : a sllort dist:~nce
from it thy I~alLed, rimed tl~crnselvcs, 2nd formed into
corn1,;tnics ; the kill? being in the front ri~nk, and the F1~1cb
in tltc re2.r. Tllc k~ng forL:~Jc, by moutl~ of l~eralcl, any one
from turning to plnuder ; and con~~nandecl, thnt dl shoold
endcn.wur, I)y their nl~ncrsl ~~~cn.n*; to break and destroy the
~ I i i cls Wlm, tl~crcforc, d:~y arrived, nncl thcy wero
engapd in fornii~~g tllcir rnnlts, nnotlicr spy came up at full
spcccl, :IIIL~ i~~fi~l.~~~crl tl~c king tlmt the cnmrnn was prep:~ring
to I~:,sin~i forwnrtls :~t dn\vn of day, for tl~c 1;in:'s intention to
nttncl; it 11:rtl IICCUIII~: k~lo\vn to its ~ IL:LI~S. 011 I~eming this,
the king s~nt forwnrd tl~e ligl~test of his slingcrs nncl bow~ncu
to rctnrd tl~eir ~nnrcl~ ; an11 by feigning to ch:~llcnge tlmi to
battle, keep tl~c~n in cl~cck until he ant1 11is troops should colne
up. 111 Illis ~nnr~ncr the Turks wcrc I~a~wsctl :wl dehyed by
tl~csc attnt:lrs ; wl~ilst ow xru~ysppronched ill battlc army.
Whcn tllc Turlts pcrccivetl tlicu~, tl~cy irnn~etli:~tcly began to
ascend :L certain mouritnin, in ordcr t.lliit the I~iglrer ground
111i~ht nford tl~cn~ s firn~crpo-ition; but tl~cir I~eari~ig was less
srrog:tnt thn os~tnl. Tlm tlw Turlts, n~alting a ficrce onset.,
threw tl~cir d:~rts nncl arrows, like hail, upon our ranks : tlie
cnr:bvnn, ~nc:~uwl~ile, stnt~ding n~otionlcs~. Iiing Ric11:~d now
llaving plncctl his army iu two divisions, sutldenly cl~arged thc
Turks, rind wit11 his Sullo~vcrs, pcnctrnted nnd ront,ecl the forcmost
rnnk. Such wns tl~c fury of his OIIPC~, that tliq fell to
the grad nl~nost willlout a, blow; mi1 11e prcssecl so 11:~td
upon tl~e fngitivcs, that thrc mere none left to make fnrbl~cr
rcsist:~nce, csccl,t t11:lt S ~ Y C I of ~ t111.s~ wlro fled tu~ned In&
and sl~ot tllcir n-rronrs 1)cllintl tliani. Thus all of tl1cm tool; to
flight, like 11n.r~~ I)cfnl-c tl~c I~ountls, and were routed in every
dirc~iio~!, \: l~ilc tl~c t:;lr;cv::n slid at d:c. Illercy of tl~c purx

of the conntry likcme mere unwilling to consellt to tlljs
2nd cited to him tllc esnnlple of King PlliIip, wllel:
he departed from Acre on his return to France, left
oommmcl of his wlrole arnly to Hngh, dulre of ~ ~ , . ~ ~ ~ d ~ ,
grnnllBtl~cr tn tl~c duke lately cleccnsc~l. ''
In those times, a d when Dukc ILIIXIIof Rnqundy nlld
Kinz Richard of Engiand wcro rcding in Acre, tlhey
received intelligence thnt they might tnke -Jcrusnlem on
tlre morrow, if they plc:%secl; for tllat a Iaqc army ol Ir~~i~i~t~
from Egypt was gone to the wsistnnce of tl~e sultan of
D,z~n:~scus, in his war n,b. Ncss~ apil~st tho si.\ltan of that
place. The duke of Bru.gonc1y and the king ware soon
prepnred to mnrch thithe~; and when they had divic(cd
their army, tl~c king of England led tilo first bnttnlion, fo)lowwl
by tho duke of l7mgr1ntly. sd by RIICII of the Icing of
FLYLIICC'Sas army hhn ~~cmniuccl nfter his dcpnrtore. But
wlicn they were uenr to dcrus:~lcm, and on the point or
taking it, intelligence came from tlte clulte of Bnlgr~ndy's
division, t11n.t Ire l~nd turned back mcrely out of envy, snd
to prevcnt it3 being said, that tl~c English had taken Jerusnlenl.
As this intelligence wns: cliacussing, onc of the liing
of England's others cried out, "Sirc, sire, only come hither,
md I will shew you Jerusalem." But tl~c king, throwing
down lriv arms, said with tears, 2nd with I~nntls uplifted to
hea\.cn, "Ah ! Lord God, I pry thce that I rnny never
see thy 11oly city of Jerusalem, since things thus Ilnppeu,
and since I cannot deliver it from the liauds of thine
enemies."
This esnmlple was laid befow the Icing St. Louis, hecause
ho was tl~c ~rreatcst monsrch in Christendom; and if he
should perforin a. pilgrirnxge to Jer~~snlenl, without delivering
it from tl~c c~~en~ies of God, eve~y otl~er liing, who might
wish to mdce rl ~i:nilnr pilgrimage, mould think he had
* Henry III., duke of Buyundy, father to Duke Eudiis III., and
grandfather to Duke Hugh IV., died in the yenr 1270. Sanuto, 1. 3,
prt 10, ch. (i, scerns to speak of tbe retreat of the duke of Burgundy
with less bitterness thnn tlre lord de JoinviUe; for 11e says, that as the
Christinns were advancing ~owards Jerusalem, the duke represented to the
French, that the whole flower of French chivalrp was in his bnttalion ;
whereiis King Ricliai-d had but few in nurnlw-, to whon~, nevertheless, the
honour of tho victory would bo givcn,~rl~icl~ would be to the disadsantnge
nnd shame of Prnnce.

306
ITTNElL.\RY OF RICITARD I. [n. VI. C. 4.
suers, wlio slcvv dl they mct with ; so that the eneiny lay
tieat1 iu 11c:~ps upon the s:mtl. The w11o wcre tljrown froljl
tlieir IIOLW~ hy our Inigl~ts, were put to dcath by their
squires. TLcro n1ig111; be seen horses will1 tlleir sxddles
twiatc:d roud; tllc coiiqnc~~etl were n~iscr:ill~ dovtl.oyc(l, anll
tile Icing's nwn fo~~gl~t, nol)ly. The French, too, fougl~t with
the utmost sl~irit, lilic me11 nccnstoined to Lnttle. Tllc liillg
was conspicr~ous nbuve all the rcst by his royal l~enrin~, sur-
lnssi~~g all of tl~c~n : he wx.9 nlounted on a tnll charger, ;mrl
cb~zrged t,he enemy singly ; his aslm lnncc gave way froiri
his relwated blows, 3ntl. was slii~wed in pieces ; but dr:rwing
his sword instsntly, ad b~~~nclisliing it, ho 111.csseclupon tile
fugi tiveu, nnd rnowecl tl~cn~ clown, sweeping sway thc I~indrriost,
a d subcluiii,q the foremost; thus lie tl~unclerd on, cutting
nnd hewiug evcry out he caille up witli ; no kind of armour
c:oold rcsisl his blows, for thc edgc of his sword cut opcn the
llcnds from the top to t.11~ toeth : tlius wving it to nncl fro,
he scnlwl away the routctl Turks, a.9 wolf, mlien 11c pursues
the flying sl~eop. Wldc the Itiug was thus scntteling the
firgitivcs, who were flyiug miti1 all their sl~eed over the mouuhills,
so~ne of hrn despairing of cscapc from his persevering
pursoit, for he h:td con^ ul~with the forelnost, turnell aside
t,ut of their rod, ant1 returnccl to our nenrly doso~toil camp,
hoping to efcct sometl~ing against the guards in the Icing's
absence, for tl~cir cour;qc f:~ilecl them when he -was in sight,
:~ndnot without reawn, for the life or dent11 of the cnenly was
nlways in Itis Iinncls, About thirty, tl~ercforc, of ,the fugitivos
cnmo round upon ow men by o cimuitous route, xnrl
~~incle n violent chqe "11 Roger cle Toony, whose horse they
lcillell untler I~im ; and they were ne:u captnriug Iiiu~self, hut
hc was rescued froni their 11ai11ls by one of his co~r~rntles, Jnkel
of Mniue, who howovcr was nlso thrown from his I~orsc ;but
Roger stoutly defended him on foot, and succeedccl in rcscuil~g
11i1n. 1R.icmwliile, our men-at,-urns cam up, and the earl of
Jlcicestel; who attsclicd tl~cni b the right mid left, also Gilbert
&lnlernain, witli four comp;mions, Alexnnrler Arsi, :md others,
t.o the numher of about twenty ; Stephen de Longclninp nlso
g~.~norousIyofferctl his sor~ices to Roger cle Toony, in the
midst of the hostilc l'urlis, and supplied hiin with a horse to
mount. T~ICII the slaughter wns renewed ; swords fl:~sl~ecl in
the air; and thc ground was covered with blood; arm rurlg and

he twisted his body in suchwise that it n~isscd I I ~ ;and
the knight, by a back-hand blow on the Saracen's arm, mado
his sword fall to the ground, and he then made a, good rctreat
with the infwtry. Tl~cse thrce famous actions did the
Genoese knight perform in the prcsence of tlic lord tl'Asur,
and before all the principal pervons of the town, who were
msemblctl on the battlen~cnk.
The Saracens witl~drew from before Acre ; and as they 11:d
heard the king was strengtl~eniug and enclosing S;ljccte, and
I d but fcw men-at-arms with Ili~n, t.hcy mad~etl thither.
As soon as the ki~~g learnt thei~ intentions, no.t l~aving n.
sufficient force to oppow them, he retired with the lnnster of
11ia artillery, aud as many as the place woulcl hold, into the
castle of Sajecte, wl~icl~ was very strong, and well enclosed :
few, however, could br lodged within it from the s~nallncss
of its extent. Tbe Sa~zwens arrived soon aftcr, and eutcrctl
S:$ectc without suy opposition, for the wdls were not tl~en
fiuished, and slnufil~tered full 2,000 of the poorer sort of our
army : I~nviug tloue this, and pillaged the town, thoy ~IPI'CIIQ~
of toward Damascus.
Thc Icing was much grieved on henring that the S:~~xceus
h'd destroyed all his works st Sqjecte, but he coulcl uot help
it; on the contrary, the barous of the count~y were rejoiced
at it; and the reason wns, that the king intendccl, after Ile
lid finished at hjccte, to enclose a n~ountl, on which formerly
had stood a cmtle in the time of the Macmbees, and
which on the rod from dnffa to Jeruealcm. The +barons
opposed its being enclosed, 1)ccnw.e it was five leagues from
the see, and they mid, aud mid truly, that it could never
be victnalled without certain risk of the provision being
seizccl on the road thithcr by the Sarxens, as (.hey were
more numerous. The barons remonstrated with the king,
tl~at it would be preferable in point of honour, a d in all.
other respects, to rcpnir Sajectc, than to nndertalro a large
and new building so far horn the sea. To this the king
assented.
During the king's stay at J:..L, he was told thst the
sdhn of Da~mscus would allow him to visit Jerus.alcm in
perfect security. The liiug would most willingly 11we gone
thither, but his grcnt council dissuacled hini from it, as it
would leave the city in the hands of the'enemy. The lords

-, >
A.D. 1IDP.1 ACCOUKT OF TIIE BOOTY T>LKEN. SO7
clnslred togctlier; bodies merc torn linil, frmn limb ;I~cnds,arm,
feet, and I~snils, nncl other lil~~h, [:by scatterc(1 :~l)t)ut ; ~,IIIIour
mcu werc interrr~ptccl ns tlwy \vnll;c~l &long Ly tl~c botlics of
thc cnclny, \rllich I:l,y dong Ll~e fieltls in grc:tt n~~rnl)crs, nnll
causcd lhem to stuniLlc n.t every sky. Thc Incll of Puicf.~~~
and A~ljnu, togctllcr with the Pre~~cll a d Nornin~is, clistinguisllccl
tl~enisclves in tl~c hstth ; but King Ricl~nrtl, the
flowcr of duur, and the crown of cl~i\dry, hore away tl~e
prize fro111 all ; and :~oyprzise tl~nt I co111tl give 11il11 would
fall fsr short of his merits. The sln~~$tcr of tht? Turks nw
gm~tertlnn our nnc:sstors 11:uI c.velS seen ; nnd snrh :vns their
confusiou and dis~nay iin tlic c~~co~rntcr, tlinl; n boy n~igllt hnve
Irillod tcn of Bleni, or, in fxt, :IS many of tllcn~ as cnwo in his
way. Dy this t1efc:~t the pride of tho Torlis was cntirely
ast down, and their bo1Jncc.i eKc('cc:tun.lly reprcssetl ; wl~ilst
the cnr:Lvnn, with dl its ricl~cs, I)e~mc ll~csl~oil of tl~c victors.
Its ,rr~~:l.rds sarrcndcred to our solclic~~i tl~c~naelvcs, tl~eir beasts
of burden, nld sumptcr horses; and stretcl~ing forth their
hai~dsin supplic~tion, they i~nplored for mercy, on condition
only tl~nt their livcs should bc spt~rccl. They lcil tllc yo1;ed
Ilorses :~ncl carncle by the Irnltcr, :mcl oKerctl t1ic111 to our men,
, mtl they brought ~nules 1o:~ded wit11 spices of difl'ereut
kinds, and of great value ; goltl n ~ d silver ; C~O;L~

the count~:y told the king, it was great 111atIne.~~ to allow me
to hkc tltc field; and he tllereo~~ sent to order baclc togetlwr
wilh tho master of the C~UPA-bows.
TII~Turks now retirctl, :~nd we returned to tllo army ;but
runny wcm mltcl~ surplisetl tht the Turks let us return
cluictly witl~oul an. attack, and accounted for it by sayillq,
that tlreir horscs werc ahout stnrved by having
zvhule year at Ck~~lrcs.
Some otl~cr Turks, who 11nd left tJaffa, came to Acre,
s1.11tto inform the lord cl'As111; \vim wt~sco~istable of Jer+
salen~, tlmt if 11e dicl not sed thern 50,000 btm.;nc~ts~they
wouId destroy the gadens round the town. Tlto lurcl cllAsur
made :l.nswcIn, tltnt be would giw tl~ctn nothiug. U1,ou this,
tl~cy thew I I tlicir ~ httdions, and a2 -ancetl a1011g the sancls
so I1cn.r Lo the town of' Awe as to bo within cross-bow shot.
'i'l~c lord d',lsur t.lm quitted the tuwn and n~arcl~ed to the
mount, wllcre w s the cliurcll-yard of St. Nicl~ola,.;, to deft!!od
tho puxlcns ; i~~iclwhen tlm Turks ~~~P~o:LoIIcLI,a bolly of
foot ~ d h ~ out d of Acre, 31d Ii~ptUP 3 b~idi discharge of
arrows ,z:lninst tl~em ; but for fear of the dsngery they might
i~~cul; the lord d'Asur sent them orders by a yourrg lrnight
fruin Gc~~on to retire within the wnlls.
As the G~:noeee kltight was retiring dl1 11is body of
infmtry, a S:L~~CCII, sudclcnly ~novcJ ly his cowage, came
bohlly up to Ili~n, and saidmin his Snracenic tongue, that if
he plcaseil Im w)uld tilt wiLL 11i1n. The lcniglrt nnswered
with priclc that he wollld receive him ; but, when IIC was on
the point of legin~ling his coursc, he perceived on his left
hand ci,

Cn. V1.-Hnw ~ol,ile&71(l Richnvrl ?ens r~lwni?iywill^ Ai.7 .spoil lo
.Bctozuble. wl~e~~cc /LC I~nd slartcd, CIIUIL~ H~III,~ ji.om Acre met him
with ll~eur~~~y.fuf whicl~he l~ad6ce1l sci~l.
Ilr\ VING accon~plisl~ed dl these il~ings, nntl prep~zretl Clle
bnggxgc for rcturuing, tl~c Iring nnd l~is nrmy set out, I:~!len
with spoil, nt ur m y psce, nud rsncl~ed Eelllnvc~~, which wms
only four 111i1es clist:~nt from Jopl):~. There tl~cysl~:rretl the plunder,
an11 tl~eu procccdcd on the second thy to I.~:LIIIu~:I. Mere
Count I-Icnry c:l!lle up with tl~e troops, nlltl tllc lrcoj~lc IIC lrnd
hror~gl~t with 11in1 t'ro~n Acre, nnd tl~cncc tl~cy :dl set out for
Bctcnoble, from \vLich pl:~ce they lin~l stnrtetl. JIcrc the univers;il
,joy w:ts rencwed, 2nd all Hockc~l tngctllcr in astonish-
111cntilt tbc n11tl11)crs of bcnsts of I)lrrtlc~l will^ w11icl1 tl~c wmy
was accotnpnnied. On nrriviyg, the 11o1)lc 1ii11g clistril)cttctl tlm
ca~~iclq, WII~CII mere lnrgcr thnn :my thnt had cvcr bccn seen
there, as well to the soldiers, who I d rcrllsiuc~l to protcct tltc
camp, ns to tllosc wl~o Id joinell in tl~c? eslrctlitiort, in qusl
p~.oporLions. 111 this respect, he gr:~ciousl,~ i111it:lkd tlle exan~l~lc
of LII:L~ rc~~owned wsrrior, Iiit~g D:~vicl, wl~o , ~ V an C
eqnnl slt:~rc of tl~e sl~oil to L.l~c: sohlicrs who went forb11 to
battlr, and to thosc n.110 rennined in the cnnlp ; an11 he also
di\ridctl tlic n,*scs ntno~~pt 11is scrvilig nleu. By thcsc luenns
the army wss supplie~l with so plel~tifuls nmnhcr cnmels
nncl oihcr bc:~st? of burden, that it mas with tlitlicul ty tllcy
were lc~pt togctl~er. 'l'be flesh of the youyg u~nels t11::y
stuflbcl wii.11 lsrcl n d ~wsteil for the hblc, and thcy found it
very white mcl palntable.

orclercd tli~ body of Count Gautier to be tlclivercd to tl~en~,
in order tlut tl~cy ]night, take tlreir own ie~cugc on him.
These trailorous dogs entered thc priso~~ of the count LL~J
cut Iiilu into picces, making him thus d-l'cr III;LI~~I~OU~, for
which n7c may irnn.gine he is now filorious in p:uadise.
But to return to the sultan of Dnmnscus. Hc witl~tlrcw
tlre Incn Iic 11nd at C;drcs, and, entering Eg.ypt, nlxle :tn
:~tt~~cIi or1 the admirals. By the fortunc of war, one ol'
his ktttalio~~s clefe:~kd one of the xlnlir:~ls, and in anuL11er
iusta~icc the cl~anw was just the reverse. On tlis wconnt, the
solta of I)ani:~scas rct~~rucd to CnJ~es, very ldly wo~iii

Slrorrr~~ :dtc,r ti~c clistrilution of tl~c ~1111i1dcr, the pe~pl~
grew ~lisco~~tculctl, nu~l cou~pl:~iued hat tl~c btwtu uf bu~tlen
oons~~~~~cll too n1uc11 bidey and proventlo, :~ud tl~;~t 011 this
accot~utLIE pricc of grain imq leco~ne higl~cr~. Uhlcs tLk,
thcrt: nrose IIIIIC~Ico~~~plai~~ t ant1 sorrowing :~rnongst tile pcoplc,
bccnusc it wns not thought espedient to procectl to thc siege
of Jcr~~salen~, nu they wid~ed, owing to the opl~osition of tlie
twcnty cour~scllurs ,zlo~c:iai(l, who 11o1.l given ~l~eir ;enscnls for
dccilli~~g to 1110contrwy. They tl~ougl~t it a tlificult and impossiiblc
cukqwisc, f'mm the want of water, wl~ich tlw men
and cxttle coultl noL do witl~ont, esl)cci:~lly as tlle fcstival of
St. J'ul~n w:~s clvvo at b:u~tl; a titrte wl1c11, from the iucrcasing
heat of tl~c snnmer, dl tl~ings werc naturally dry, particulxrly
:troand Jcn~snlctn, wlticl~ is ~itll~t~d in the n~o~~ut;~ins. Be-
sides this, th 'l'urlis had blocked up all the cislerns, so tld not a drop of cIri~lld)lc water could bc fount1 wilhin two
miles of tile cit,;y, and it \voalJ bc UIISI~C to go ill senrsh of it
to a distnnce n1lle11 the siege I d once bcgu~~ ; and the srnnll
stream of Siloe, wl~ich ruus down st the foot of the Mou~lt
of Olivcu, would not be suiiicicnt For tl~c nrmy. These werc
the reasolls wl~y tl~c cou~~:;cllors di?sua~lccl the l~irtg from the
siegeof Jernsslenl 36 tht tim, and w11c11 it becantc known
to the arnly that tl~ey wcre not to proceed tl~ilhrr, but were
on the point of turning away from tht city, thy cursed this
delay in the hopcs they 11ad conceivctl, 2nd nssr~ted that they
only wisl~etl to live uutil Jurusalcn~ nut1 tLc lloly Lxnd and
Cross were olrce Inore in the posrcssion of the C111,isti:~ns done.
But Gtd, vho is tl~c jast jldpe of III~II'Sfceling~, govcrneth
timc aud actions ; and to his mercy ~ L Ikit~d~~es~ I ~ IS it to be
scribd that 111: 011:~st.cn~ ~inners, and punishes them for all the
invcntioos of' their 11c:wt.s.
MEmust not wonder 1I)nt the pi!grinls wl~o wcre thus
Jnrwcd withnut my good result, grieved :~the iiLi111re of
tl~eir wisbes, For discord grew rife amongst tl~em ; no]. t!:at

C11:~mcllc. But the sultan, ohcrving his ~~~l.oacll, lilce
W:WY soldier, nsscnlblec! his garrison, and saitl, ~ ~ ~
if wc allow oursdws to be besieged we are undolle : it will
bc Lnttor tllcwfore that we attd tllem." In consequence,
Ilr: ordered out a party, b:dy alm~ed, to march in tile llollom
of a vsllcp, nnll to fall on the Iwr oC the enemy. Tllis w3u
ercc~~tcd, and a great sla~~phtes nx~de of women and childrcll.
Tho clnpsor henriug :L s~lclcten noise iu his rest., rn Ile wm
:dcrnncing new thc enstlc, turricd about, with the intent to
t l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
put R stolr to it, but tliis wns no soouer done, than. the sultan
111n.c1,ea m1l.y with his whole gurison, :~nd fn~ght tl~c~n 80
deq".rub\y, tbnr, the emperor's :mry, wllich at first consisktl
of 25,000 men, being attxlml in front :~ndrear, w : ~
tlcfcntcc!, nnci not oue nun or wo~nan escaped being put to
deatl~.
Yon must, Itnow, that the elnpcrol. of Pcrsin, before he
rinrcllccl to Iny sigo to the castle of Lh Cl~arnelle, 11al carried
tile count of JaKq Sir Ga.uticr de Brienne, bcrore
tl~city of Jaffn., :wtl hail I~im hung by the alms to n gnlloms
tb:lt way in front of the cnstle, decl:l.ring publicly that he
would never take down their count nntil thcy sl~oulc~ h9.w
surrendered to him the ~11~tle. As the, poor COUII~wxs thus
sospa~dctl, 11e cricd with a loud voicc to his pcople newr to
surrender tlle c,zst)le for any thing they might see done to
11i1n; for sl~ould they so do. the ernpcror would pul; tllc~n all
to tile sword.
Tllc empcror, perceiving be cor~ld not gain any thing more,
ECII~ Count Gnutier to tllc sultan of B13abylon as a presel~t,
wit11 t!rc cotnmnndcr of tl~c I

the rncillntin,q character nf t l F~.cncl~, ~ which rli~tin~~~isl~etl
tllcul f1.oI,l all otl~er n:~tions, slto~~ltl have hccn Ilcre tlisplnyctl.
p,,. evenill:, when the nmly dvnncetl on tl~ei~. ~n:wcb, the
F ~ . ~ ~y))nr:~tc11
~ ~ ~ I LtJi~!n~.mIvcs fro111 the rcst, 2nd took rtp a
,listillCt l)~~iti~)n, :I.S if tl~cy dis(1:~incd bl~eir compnny. Tlley
1vel.e not,, I~owevcr,contcut wit11 sep:~r:rting nnly, but they fell
to rjonrrcllil~g anlong tl~crnscl\~cs, ;~ud gnvc ottern~~cr: to ironical
icsts and sbusivc kmgungc, cnch vaunting l~is own s~rpcrior
~,~OW~SS, wl~ile they tlisl)nrq$ that of thc otllers. Above :dl,
I-I.nl*y, cl~tlie of 131irgundy, wllctl~er instigatctl by :L spirit of
arrogance, or infl~~ct~cccl by envy and jcnlousy, con~l)osctl nnd
causcd to bc recit.ccl iu pliblic, n sonf, wl~ich if hc hntl my
setm of sbnmc, Ile would nevcr 11:ivc :~llolrctl to Ilc pliblisl~ecl;
and tliusc songs were sung not only by Inell IIII~by iui~~~otlest
wonlcn. 1:y which rncans, thy sl~ewcd the rcnl character of
those who .intldgctl in sucl~ iuclccent folly, autl the nnt~ve of
tllcir Itesrts way suficicully ~~i:mifcst from Lliis hct, fur tho
stremi is clear or ttubid nccorcling ay is itu so~irce. On tl~is
con~position 1)ccoming c~u.~-ent amongst tlw wltlicrs, King
liic,Iinrd wu n111cl1 nnnopccl, but I)(! tl~ought t11:t.t 2 sitnilnr
effusion wonld be thc best mode of revengii~g llinlself on the:
authors, and Ile 11;itl not nlncli ilillic~~lty in c~~rnpoainq it, m
there was :~bu~itlnnce of materi:~ls; wl~y tl~en sl~ol~l~l hc Imj­
Late to reply to tjl~cl~ a fdse and scurrilous coii~position?
Moreover, the Iring's high honuur wxs so evideut iu nll 11iu
actions, that his rivals, who could not q r d him, nwniled Iiim
with foul and gmtuitons nspcrsions. For tltcy were not like
the pilgrims of yore who besiegcd nnd captured Antic)di, and
whose Earnous (lee& nnJ victories arc still rccitrd in song.
Such were Boe~~~uncl, Tal~cre~l, and Cfodf'rey of Bouillon, and
othcr princes of high renown, w110 pinctl so Inally ti.i~~~nphs,
mil wl~osn csploits are like foot1 in the nloutl~s of their narmtors.
Nen, who becnuse their hearts were tlwe to the servico
of Ctofl, rccei\wl from the Lord the rewnrcl of t,heir lnbours,
who nlqnilietl tlmn by giving tl~em an i~n~nortl nnnicz
wlricl~ postcrity sllould regnrd will1 he tleepcxl vcnerztion.
CA. IS.--OJ'llre rclzl-mof the mmyJronz Bclmralrle lo Joppa.
Tun omy rc111n.incr1 in this stnte fat- so1110 chys nfter tl~a
captur~f the c:u.;~van, mtl werc in vv,t SO~~OW nn(1 ~~s~I'(?sR
-.
in conscqueuce of the checli put on thew progre:is to vivit the

J'
A.D. 1253.1 THE PREh'CII DEFEITBD BY THE PERSIANS. 480
not snrrender s tower of his castle of Jaffa cnlled the Tower of
the Patriarch, a~id wl~ich the pntriarch clainicd ns belonging to
him. Tht) pa.trinrc11 mor~ld not nl)solve him: nevertl~elcss, Lho
count did not fail to accompany us. The army was divitlcd into
three battcdions : tlic first wns given to Count Gmticr, tlw
second tu the sultan of I,n C!hamelle, and the third to dl6
p:btriarch and bsrous of the co~u~try. In tho battalion of Sir
Gautier werc the IhigI~ts lIospi~~IIcrs.
Whcn these three bnttdjons 11nd been properly srmyed,
they movcd forward, and advnnccd within ~igbt of tbc encnly;
who, on noticin? their n,l~proacL, formcd tl~eir,u.~:~y iil~ewise
into three divisions. Count Gnutier de 13riennc, ubscrvinp:
this manauvre, cried out, '' My lords, wl~nt :r.rc we aLouL ?
We allow our encmies time to tlmv 11p thcir nleu in army,
and increwc tlieir conrnge by scoing us thus rcmnin innctivc.
I beg of you, in tho name of God, instantly lo cl~nrge tl~cni."
But not one would pi1.y him tlie 1e:lrt. :attcnt,ion, or. xclvmce.
He tl~cn wnt up to the patsi:1rcl1, and ng~in tlelnandcd absolntiou,
bnt it w:w refuscd 11i1n.
With tho count wns n must 1c:~rned man, thc bishop of
Ranid, who 11x1 Jor~c: many pllnnt deells of c1iiv:tIry in
company with tl~e count. TLc bi,~hol) said to him, " Do not
let your conscience l)c! uneasy nt this excon~mnnication of the
patriarch, for he is very much in the wrong ; md, fro111 the
powers I poasoss, I nlnc~lve you from it,, in thc n:une of the
Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Anleu." He then adllccl,
'' Comc now, let us charge thc cneniy." Sticltiug spurs into
thcir horscs, they fell ou tho l;~ttnlion of thc cnlperor of
Persia tl~at for~ned the rear, but it was too numeroos for those
who had followed tLc count. Vcry Inany were shin on each
side : notwitl~stmclin~ this, tho count wns m:dc prisoner, for
his battalion most shaiucfully fled, and seve~al, from desgnir,
threw tlien~selves into the sca. One causeof this despair was
owing to n Lattdion of thc emperor of Pessi:~ f:dling OII that
of the sultan of La Clian~clle, who fought and defeutletl 11in1sclf
with such glmt valour, nltliougli he was much wenlier in
numbers tlran tho enemy, that out of 2,000 mcu then: did
not; rc~~~oin xorc than foorscorc, so that 11e was forced to make
his rctrenk to the castle of La CI~:smcllc.
The enlperor of Persia, conclucling that Iris victory was
comyletc, rcsolvccl to bcsiegc the sdti~niu his castle of La

Holy Scpulcl~re at Jer~~mlem, fro~l~ \vl~iclithey were only four
~ni!cs tli.stnnt. 7'11~ tlc,icctio~~ wlriclr their return caused w:la
nevcr l~cfore eqonllcd in n people of the likc \dour. Our
men, on setting out on tl~cirIII:L~C~I, were nttacketl hy t,hc
Turks f'roni tlre mountail~s, :I.II~ some or our canip-followers
n7ew ,shin, th1,:11 tllcy wcre rcplscd by our Iiorsemen, froni
not having gooil I~orscs. The :~r~uy :~Fte~wards arrived nt ;L
pl:~ce l)ct\\wr~ S:L~IIGeorge t m~cl Itmunln, wliere they spen:,
klic ni,gl~t, tLe French posti~~g tl~e~~~sclvcs on tile left, the kin;.
and his mcu on the right. A'cxt dny they proceeded ~ I I
thcil march in scp:bmtc divisions, ant1 nrrivccl at nig'bt at, s
c:dc n~iilwa~; this was on the G th. of .July. &re somt-,
in disgust dcscrteil the army, on zcconi~t of tlre tediousness
and pcnury to wIiic11 tllry were exposed in the expedition :
thesc wcnt to .Jul)p:~.
Wrrxiv tl~c sk~tc and intention of the Christians werc mnclu
I

As it is very ppl.i~eworthy and plemmt to relate, in older
tbnt they may be linown, the dcecls ant1 virtues of any excellent
prince, we will llere speak or the pod coullt of ~ ~ f l i ~ ,
Sir Gautiw de Brienne. I-le pcrfor~necl In his Iifetillle most
gnlln~~t deeds OF cLiv:tll.y, and Itcpt possessiou of his of
J~~FJ.fol- many yews, altllo~gh contiut~dly attxckcd by tile
E;ryptinne, nncl witho~lt c1;joying nny wvenues but what llo
p~ncdin his escnr.:ivns ag:~iust tlu Snracolls slid other enemicv
of the Christian faith.
I-le once dcfcntell a large body of intitlel.r, wllo were transportin:
?:n:~nyh:cs of diifercnt sort^ of silltc:~ clotl~s, nhic\~
having hllccr: nn~l 1Jrougl;llt borne, 11c divided t,l~c wliolc nniollg
his lrnigl~tq mitllout Ixelling :my part, for Li111celf. His m:by
of life was, nftcr parting with his lrnigl~ts in the evening, to
enter his cllnpcl, where Ile was long cnrployed in pnyer and
tl~nnlqiving to his God. He ofterwwtls went to bedto his wife,
x-110 was a wontlrous pod lady, and sister to the king of Cyprus.
You hzve before heard of the T:u.t;lr prince having, throngh
the nid of God, clefeatetl the emperor of Pcrsia and his my
oC 300,000 men, with only 300, :~nd afterw~rds driving him
ant of his kingdom. We now know the road that this emperor
of Pcrsln, whose name was Bt~rbaqnnn, took. He flcd
to the lringdo~n of Jerusnleul, and on his arrival did groat
dnnqo to it; for IN took the castle of Titbarie, tli,zt bclonged
to Sir Eucles cle Plontbelisr, and put to death a-9 rimy of
our people os he could 611rl in the hospitia without Acre:
and without Jaffa. After doing as much ~oischiei' xs 11e could,
he n~nlcl~edtoward B~byion, to receive succours from the
sultan of Babylon, who wm Lo join his forces and sthck us.
Upon this, the barons of the country 3ssemBlcd with the
ptri:~rcha, and dctcrmined to offer combat to the clllpercrr
Before he should for111 his junction with the sultan of Babylon.
They sent to the soltxn of La Chanlelle for his nssistaucc,
WIIU was one of the best and most loyal knights in dl pagan
land. He came t,o tllcm, RIILIt vs mast Ironourably reccivetl
at Acre, whicl~ tl~cy Icft togctl~er, and sat down before Jaffa.
Wlian this amg arrived s~.Jaff% the chiefs entrmtcd tho
count Gmtier to join them, and march aglinst the e~llI)eror
of Persia. Elc replicd, that he would cliee~.fully do so if
tl~e ptriarch w0111d absolve him from an cxcommu1lia~tic?r1
wllich he I d iistely denounced spiust him, becsusc be would

his own co~ultry. But Saladin, WLO knew wcll the condition
of our arnly, and tl~at, it was hily growing wcal~~~. a1111 wulkcl-,
absol~~tcly ~&mxl, unlcss Ascalotl W:IS razccl to tl~c poulld.
The king, lemming Sdsdin's auswcl:, was not at all tli~~tr~npetl;
nay, IIC gave iinuiutli:~te oldnr.s to tl~e 'l'e~npl:~.r:;, JIqitders,
mid otl~crs, to the 11un11)er of tl~rce lluntI~.ctl, to ~uo~trit
their horses ni~d procccd to the clestnlution of Fort Dnrnln ;
and he set g~~:ir~ls to watch over snrl fortify Asc:;llou as
stronply M possible. Thy Imtcned to obcy the l;iug's orders,
and levcllctl Daru~n wit11 the ground. The. mny thou
rcturncd in cle,jcctccl mood as far as dolip, 2nd tl~c~lcc: the
king 2nd tl~o rest pror:ocilcd ill all hsle to Acre, 1~1t Iltnny
rcnnined fro111 ill hc:~ltIi and wenkncsa nt dol~p:~,TIIWthe
arrny returned to Acrc, brokcn lip, with n. Imtvy I~catq for
God did not 3s yet, jurlxc tl~cin worthy of tl~c Irigl~cr b~ut~ties
of his grxr..
CFI.MI.-Of Mtr yred army l0il71 wl~ichSirI~rrri~~ came In Jopp~c.
WHENS:dnrIi~~ heard tl~:l.t tl~c III~Nof .Ju~P;Lwe1.0 wihollt
the presence of King Ricl~ord to protcct t.he111, hc ~,rderecl his
army should proceed tl~itl~cr, in the hope tld Ile woultl easily
take the city during tlie Iting's alr.5cnce. He tl~eru~forc lot1 nu
immense amy having 20,000 lio~se in that tlirectioil ; an11 11s
had with him the ~i,.~werful admiral of' Bala, :~ncl thc son of
Arcisus, togctl~er with about one I~undvetl and six ncl~nirnls,
and nn i~unie~lsemi~ltitude of inhntry froin tho niouuhirts,
who covered the fnce or the c:~rtll like locusts. Tl~cnrlny,
leaving Jcrumlem, descer~detl into the plains of Rnniuln.,
r~lshingOII in troops and sq~~~ilroi~~ as if i~lipcllc~L by the
furicu to tbt

A.D. 1253.1 ARKIYAL OF TUE KING AT JAPPA. 487
I"
The x1111iraLs of E,cypt, Icarning that the Iiing and his
al.lJly were at Jar% sc111 okr nu~bnssdors to hi, to appoint
a any wlien they would mcct him without fail. Thc Icing
113ving fised on a day, they promieed faithfully to be punctu:.tl
in concluding all the diffcrcnt businesses tliat were in agitxtion.
While we were waiting for ~liis day of ineeting with
the drnirnls from Egypt, thc count d'Eo csnle to the liing
brillging with him the good ltnigl~t Arnold de Gnynas, and
7 his two hothcrs, whom, with eight other knights, the king
retained iu his service, ancl crcated the count d'Eu n kniglit,
who was st that time but a very youth.
At the sxine time, the princc! of Antioch and his mother
waited on the king, to wl~onl he paid nluch respect, and
rcceivccl them wih every hononr. The Icing made tho prince
of Antioch a knight, thougl~ but sixken yews old ; but I
never saw, at that age, so discreet a youtl~. Whcu he was
kuighted, lie requested the Icing to allow llitn n~ldhis ntotller
, a private audience, which being gmntntl, 11c spoke as follows:
'' Sire, it is very true that my luotl~er here present keeps me
? in ward, and has the power of so doing for four years to
.come,* by which slte has tlic en,joy~nent of a!l things, and I
have nothing. I think, however, that she ongl~t not to suffer
my lands to be wasted ; and this I say because my city of
Antioch is fslliug to ruin in Lcr Irands. I therefore suppliate
you, sire, to remonstrste with her on this matter, and to
prevail on her to &ow me money and men that I may succour
my people who are iu that city, as she is bouuden in
justice to do."
When the king llad heard the princc's demand, here monstlated
so effectually with his mother that she complicd with
his \visl~es, end the prince retun~cd to Antioch, where he did
nv~iders. From tliat time, in honour to the Iring, lie qualmkrecl
l~ib arms, which are gules with the arms of France.
* Whence it may be inferred, that in the principnlity of Antioch, at
least in rward to princes, the snme custom was followed that vns nni-
vewd through F~.ance, which fixed the age of majorirg, nud the period
judged proper for the oncontrolled management of estates, and the hold-
ing of fiefs, at twenty-one years. Elsewl~ere, according to the Assizes of
Jcruralem, the age oi' mnjority for rnnlcs was fifteen yeucs, and for fernnles
twelve years complete. Neither could hold tiefs until they had attained
these years, and during their minority their guirrdion or tutor managed
their estates.

tlc&wc of' t,heir city. The pctrwix nucl mai~go~icls plnycd
witlwut intornli.4011; t11on~l1 tlrc latter iniltrunwlts were
worl;ctl Ll~c loost succc!ssfully. At last, by the excrtions of
the 'hh, the gntc 1c:rding to Jerns:~lcm wns broken open
ou tl~c 1l'riJ;t.y by the freqnent strokes of tllcir petmri:~, ~ntl
the \vxll on the rigl~t-l~:~ntl sitlc wm sliatterecl, :~boud two
p.olrlx ill witltli. Tl~e conflict was thcn fierce, wliilst Ll~c bcs~cgetl
rcsistcd the eutmnta of tlie Turks, who nt lenglh,
Iro\vevcr, Irecnme so reinforcccl. by i~umberg tht Llrc Chistians
were driven back, n ~ ~ fvllowctl d even as far as the
cit;iJel of tile fortress. Wht a terrific sl:~ogl~ter the11 took
place! Tl~e Tudis put to dent11 without mewg ;dl those
whom they found in thc lronscs sick and lying iu tllcir bells.
Sonre of our people fled dow11 to thc senshow nud cscnped ;
whilst the enelny plunclcrcd every thing ; nnd 1;1iocI;i11g out
thc hends of the casks wl~icll t hy found in tlic INIIWS, lel;
thc wii~eI m nbout tlie strccts. Some of them, Irovever,
nttdictl the principnl tower of the fortress; and others pur-.
sued tllose who fled clomu to the seaside. Nrlnibr:rs of the
hinclniost were cut off; and Albcric of Rhcirns, wl~ose duty
it was to defed the town, fled on bo~rd ship to esciapc being
shin ; but his coinpanionu rr:lxond~ing him for his cownrdice,
recnllctl 11in1 to n sen= of d~~ty, and al)solutely torccd
him illto one of the towers; where, seeing nothing but danger
on evcry side surrounding him, Le euclainietl, '' lTero then
we s11n.ll tlovote our lives to God's service ;" for it mas the
only thing tht remnined for l~im to do. The 'I?urlis now

were Oeco~ne thc allics of his encnlics in Egypt, and tllLt a
day was appointed for the rstihtiun of hc treaties :~t~:~i~a,
Irc se~~t upw:~rds of 20,000 Turls to gr~nrd the vrs,

fiel.csly nss:~ulted the tower, and the arrows flew like hail, so
as to cI:lrIxn the sky: the besiegecl lrnerv not which part
!ilst to clefcntl, anJ so tl~c athclc 13steJ tlic whole day ; knd
tile besieged woul~l certninly hve at Ic~~gtll yieltlcd to its
violel~ce, if by Go~l's god plcnsurc thc newly-electctl 1~:~tri:~rch
not been prescntj : nncl he prod hinlself, at thnt ~i~ulnent,
a man t)~11ou1no fear of cleat11 could wtn~luish, nor any alnnger
terrify. This nlnn, instiptecl by tl~e neccssity of tl~cc;~sc,
propod to Snladin nncl his brother to gmnt tlicn~ :L rcspite
from tl~c attack unlil the nest d:~y, on condition, tlint if LCfoln
tllrcc o'clock, they sl~oultl not receive nssistnnce, e:d~ of
t!~ose who were in 1110 tower, sl~oulcl py Snladin ten 11cz;~nts
of gold, evory woman five, :md every child thxe bcann~ s, in
return for ll~e rcspitc! which he I d grnntcd tllcrn; rind Lhat
tl~s p:~tri;~rcIt, with otl~ers of the nobles, sliould Go givcn up
to Salnllil~ to be Iqt in cllains ns hostqes, until tl~c hour
agrce~l on sl~oulcl arrive. Salndin xssentccl ; nntl wl~en the
gunrentco wm completed for observi~ng the conditions of tlic
truco, the following l~ostnges were given over to S:tlnili~~ :
tile pntrinrcll, Alberic of Itl~oims, Theubnld of TrCvcs, Angustin
of London, OsLert Walilin, and Ilcnry de St. John,
besidcs otllers, whose nnmes we do not rcnwnlbcr, all of n,l~om
were carriwl off prisoners to D:~mascus ; fir the besicgcrl l~nd
now co~~ceivetl I~opcsof obtnining succour from tile Icing, for
wLIic11, indeed, they 11:vl :~lrencl~ scnt, Ll~e moment they first
saw Snl:~~lin npproacl~ing.
Cu. XIV.-fIow Kin!/ Richnd, Iho71gh on the poinl of emharking lo
rclurn lionre, and r(fi~scr1 aid by lAe Aw~ck,no sooao. l~enrd4 lhe
mes.ucye front Joppa, lhcnn he pmcccded IliilAer immediately by .sea,
havincjirst se,d on his troops By lad.
Bll.:.\~w~~rr,~ King RicJ~~rcl was busily enpged in prepnri~~g
to Ivnve Acre fur his own country, and his ships wcre
all Out rc;~d,y : lie lisd also obtained consent and a blessing
from the Templars 2nd Kospitallers, nncl l~nd oent forward
scven of his gnlleys, with troops to dislodge the encniy from
Baruth, by wliicli he woul~l pass; 2nd the espcclition 11:~rl
s~~cccc(led, for tho enemy Red in a1:ci-m. The king w:~s in his
tent, t:~ll;ing with his of'iiccrs about embnrlhg for their homes
on the nlon,ow, when, lo ! the iucssengcrs fi.0111 Jopp:~ e~~tcrcrl,
and tearing tl~cir garrue~!ts, rclztcd to the icing how the

. -4.D. 1250, kc.] INSTANCES OP TJTE K~NG'SJUSTICE. 485
ontrnge, eat upon their cloal;s, in the presence of those nl~o 11iul
bccn ill-used, who sl~ould aftcrwm~ds carry away tl~cir cloaks.
The com~n:~nder did indeed n~:~l;e the guilty cat on their
cloaks Lcfore me and some of iny knights, but when wc
demnncled of the cornmnn&x that thcy s11o11ld rise II~,11e.
wanted to refusc ; I~owevcr, lie was fol*ccd to it at last ; f,r we
se:rt,ed ourselves to eat with t b brethm~, wl~id bhey would
not suffer, and tlq wcre obligcd to rise wit11 11sto eat with
the otlmr brethren at t:hlc, lcsving us their clo:~.lts.
Anotl~er act of justice wa3 011 a 1ci11g'fi sevjennt called
C'roullu, who hid hi: LRIIL~Soc one of 111.y IinigI~tS, and ~IICII-Iy
p~~sliedhim. I went to complnin of tliis to the Icing, wl~o
told me I might ns rrcll be quiet, siuce the scrjcant 11a.d only
puslied tl~c Irnigl~t. 13ut I replied, that I would not be quiet,
nn~l would quit his service u111ess jjlrstice werc donc me; for
tl~ntit wns hi,d~ly inllccent for any serjeant to Iny bis hauds
on n knid~t. The Icing, I~eariug this, did me the usual justice,
wllich u-as,Lliat, wcording to thc custonl of tlw country,
the sc~jcnnt sl~ould come to illy lodgi~igs~bareiooted, :~nd in
his sl~irt, wit11 a srno~d I~nnqing on his wrist, when, Ilnvii~g
lcnelt hefore the Ia~ight wl~o~n lic I d injurcd, he wos to oA'cr
tLc sword by the hilt, and say to him,-" Sir kuiglit, I crn.ve
your mercy for having Inid Iia1111s on yon, alld have hrougl~t tliis
kword, which I XIOW 00.e~to yon for you to cut off' my hand,
if it sl~all so plenxt? yol~." 1 thcn entreated thr knight to
p:udon hizn, which IIC dill. Several other juclgmcnts I witncswd,
tl~at were esccutcd according to the rites and customs
of the I-Ioly Land.
You lmvc bcforc 11earLI.d how tlie king 11x1 sent to inform
the nllrnirnls of Eg-ypt, that unless they mndc Iiim satisfaction
for the outrages they 11wl committed, Ile would not abicle by
ally truce. that had bccn made with them. Arnbnssndors, in
co~~seq~.~cnee,arrived had from the sclmir:ds, with letters, to
~SSII~Cthe king tlmt they mould do all he llnd dcsircil.
A thy wns appoiutctl for the king aud these anibnssadors
to nmt ni JnKh when thcy mere to pro~liise the killg, on their
w~ths, that they wnnltl surrender Jerudem ?~pto him. In
return, tlic king and his nobles wcre to swear; on tlwir P:LI'(;,
to aid and n,~sist the admimls npinst thc sultan of Dan~nsc~rs.
It l~appe~~~d, tllnt on the saltan of Dnnlascus Ircnring hat wo

enemy 11x1 tdien Joppa, all but thc citndcl, in which the
remnant werc besicgccl, nut1 unlces he sl~orrl~l rcndcr tlleal
sldy nssistnncc, they nwulcl all be involvcd in one common
fi~te, accolding to the co~irlitions wl~icl~ hid bceu cntered into
with Sulatli~l. The king, lienring of the danger to which the
busicgccl were esposcd, and pitying their condition, iaterruptetl
tho messengers : "As God lives," said lie, " I will bc with
tllcnl, nnd give tliem all the assistnucc in my ponrcr !" The
~orclswere hnrdly out of his mouth, before a proc1:~niation ww mnclc tlnt the army sllonld Ire got ready. But tlie French
would not ~o~lcl~snfe even to 1101101rr tl~c king wit11 nu answcr,
esclai~ning proudly that they shoulcl Ilcver ;~ga,in ~niwch under
his con~rnnntl; mil ill tl~is they were not disappointcrl, for
thcy ncwr njiain ~nnrcllctl under mybody's co~n~nnntl, for in
a short tinic! tl~cy all uriscrsbly perislie~l. .Me:znrvl~ile, 11owevcr,
tl~c solclicrs of all nations, wl~oec Ilcartu God I d
to~~clictl, mil ll~c su(rcri~lgs of tlicir Fcllow-crcnt~rrcs excited
to con~p:lssion, I~nstcned to set out with the king ;. nnmcly, tl~e
Tcnll,l:~rs, the I-:osl)it:~llcrs, and severnl other vnllunt knigl~ts,
all of w11o11l msrche~l by ln~~cl to C:vsaren; but the noble king
trusting fur his safety to liis own vnlour, cl~l!d:eJ. 011 bond
his flcct of pllcys, whicl~ wcre e~luipptd with cvcry tlliny
that could be Ilcce::yar.y. \\'it11 him mrrc the enrl of 1,eicestal;
Andrew de Cllaveguy, Roger dc Eatllcytl, dord:rn tle IIurnez,
R:dpl~ de Bfanleon, Acllus dc Fay, nrrd tl~c Ituights of
Pr:~telles, compnnions of the king, tugctlicr with 111n1ly otllers
of ill~~striorrsn:Lnles, besides (;en~~csc m~d Pisnns. Tl~ose
who weut by land to Cmssrea, 11:~lted tllere some time for
fear of an nnrl~iscnclc, wllicl~ they Ilwrtl l~acl been laid by
Snlndin for all such as shoulcl pnss tlmt way; arid there
was 110 bettcr way for thenl t,o go by, on accollllt of the snn
of Arcisr~s, w11o g~~ardcd tl~cmnriti~ncdistrict between Caenren
nnd A~SIIP: ant1 besidcs tllis, n crr~rtrary wind nrnsc, d~icl~
clct:~illcd the Iting's ships three dnys nt Cnypllas, wllere tlicy
hncl p ~ in. ~ t Thc Iting, ~cscd at tllis delay, esclninlcd aloud,
" 0 Lord God, why clost tl~ou detnin us here? consitlcr, I pray
thee, the urgcncy of the cme, n1~1the ilevoutncss of our
wisl~es." No sooner had lie prnycd thus, tlia~r Got1 causcd a
f:,~vourd)lewind to spring up, which wnftecl his Rect hefore
it into tllc hnrbour ot' Jupp:~, in the nlicist of tlle nigl~tor
Fricli~y, il:lmediately l,rcc:cding the Sutd:~y on wl~icll they

454 JOIXYTLLE'S MEMOIRS OF SAINT LOUIS IX. [('T. ]I.
When he Itwrt.1 my terms, he burst into laughter, and said
i,llnt 11,: rctni~rcd rnc xcordingly ; then, tnlti~~g III~I,y tile
llancl, 11c led n~c bcfore thc Ic'~'.L~cto his council, anrl rcl,cnlctl
the conwntion tlmt Ilad bcen ngrecd to bctmcen us. Every
one mu joyous on 11e:uing it, rind ccmscqucnLly I rcnlnincd.
I will now speak of the acts of j~~sticu, and thc sc~~tcl~ccs
the king, which I witnessed (luring his shy at C~DS~L.~~.
The first w:w on a lirlight who hat1 bcco caught in n IIOIIS~ of
ill fmle : i~e gavc him. the alt~rn:btivc,* tI1n.t thc prostitute
with whum l~u lml been found sl~ould led I ~ I Iin his shirl;
throng11 tl~r: nrlu*y, with a cord tied to his pr~vnt,e parts, one
end of wl~icllcord the prostitute was to I~olrl ; ov, sl~oulil Ile
nut like this, IIC sl~ooltl forfeit his horse, nr~~~onr, md ,LCCOL~~JTinents,
nucl bc clriv(:n from and bnr~isllcd thc king's army. Tl~c
ltnigllt preferretl the loss of his liorso and arms, and bnnisllment
~IYXII the arluy. When I Lam tlie horse was fo~fcited,
I rcquesteecl to 1111vc him for one of my knights who was m
poor ge~ltlc~n:~~~ ; IJII~ tl~c king said my requcst wm 1111rensonable,
for that tl~c Ilorsc WLS well wort11 from fgurscore to n
hundrcd lives, whicb was no sndl srlm. I nnsnwd, "Sire,
you have brolxu our convention in thus replying to my
request,." The king lalyhed, and said, " Lord de Joinville,
you m:&y say wl~:st you plensc, but you sl~dl not put lue
in s pnssio~~thc sooner." Ilowerer, I did not get thc horsc
for my poor gel1 tlC~l~su.
The second act of jnstice 1 witnessed w,hs on some of my
linights who, one thy, llxl gone to hunt thc sni111n1 cdled ntr
.zntelope, which is sonietl~ing like :I roe-buck. The Kniglits
I~ospibllcrsI d uldliccl out to mect my knights, fo~lgl~t wit11
them, aud did t,l~ern much ~r~iscl~icf, for wl~icl~ outr:~.geI went
to lay my con1pl;~ints before their coni~t~a.nder, hking with
n~r? .tl~osc of my bni,ght~ who hid bccn wo~~ndod. Tl~e wm-
~nander, hairing ilcar~l my nccusation, p~.omiucd to do Ine
justicc, according to the rules and customs of ll~e Holy Lmd,
whch wcrc, to make the hretllren who hntl Lecrl guilty of tl~is
* Matthew of Westminstcr rclntes, in the ycnr 1253, another instance
of the severit-j of St. Louis in che punishment of Icuighra Cot~t~l guilty of
crimcs. He tells us, tlmt tlie king having ordered n knight to be IIR~&.
the hthcr was eo ourrageons at it. that he retired to die Snrncens, anti,
changing his religion, elnbixced thut of Mahonct.

31G ITIN~R,LRY or: RICII,\RI) I. [c. VI. C. 1.5.
hn(1 agrc:t:(l to s~~rrender, and all of ll~eni woul(1 have been
given ovcr lo c~cstruution. Ah, fov the perfidy of t.1ln.t
wicl;cd race ! Edy on the mor~lirrg of tl~nt (lily, whiclr w:~s
the tl:~y of St. Peter ntE viwziIc~.,Ll~e bcaicgcrl were in~pol~t~u~ctl
by tlro l'urks to fulfil tl~e conditions of tl~c trnce. Tl1cy :LCcorilirlgly
bes;.an at the ninth hour to pxy ill pnrt the bczants
wbiol~ tl~cy Ir:~tl promised ; den the wicked Turks, belrnving
vrom than brute I)easts, anci with no fecling of Iruinnnity
about thr111, CII~of the 11encls of those who paid thcnl tllo
money; nncl lhus scwn of them l~nd :tlreatly prisl~cd, ancl
tlicir I~cacls were tl~rown into a ditch. BULtlroso in tlie
town .wlro were still dive, discovc~iog the tmrul~cry, were
strnck with terror, and began to se~~cl fort11 cric.5 of 1nn~cntr~tion
;d~listrcss. Seeiug certain dcatl~ before tl~cn~, they
bcnt tlreir knees, nnd confessed thcir sins to one nnotller,
thinking no longer of their lives wlricl~ were cloomerl, but of
their so~~ls ; whilst to dchy their fatc for srnne few 111o111ents
1ongc1-,-by who is tl~ere tllnt does not fcnr clcntl~ ?-they fled
up tlic fortress as fn.r they were nblc, and there awnitctl the
slroke of martyrclo~n, sl~ed,liug tcsrs, and supplic:l.ting the
nmey of the Alnr.ight,y, wlro nl le11;tli was appeased, nrld
deignccl to listen to their petition : tl~e~rs deliverer w:~s dready
come, lljs Reet was riding iu the hnrbo~rr, nnJ his s~ldicrs
mere eagcr to I:L~I~ for tlreir rcscuc !
Cr.1. XV.-Of llieficl~ conj?icl by which the kiny rccnvrrcd thc carllc of
Joppa, nsd libowled tkc Icuieyed.
TEE Turks, discove~ing the nrrival of the 1;ing's flcot,
sallied down to the seaside with sword and shield, nn11 scut
forth sl~owers of arrows : the shore wss so tl~songecl with
their multitude that there was hardly n foot of ground to
spare. h'citl~er clid they confine tl~emsclves to acti~rg on tho
clefcnsive, for llley shot their arrows at the crcws of tbc drips,
end the cnvahy spurred their horses into the sm to prevent
the king':., men from landing. The king, gathering Iris ships
together, consulled with his officers what was the Imt step to
t:rl;e. " Sllall we," said II~," push on :gninst tl~is rabble
multitude wl~o occupy -the shore, or sldl we viduc our lives
more tlm the lives of those poor follows who :Lre cxposetl to
clnstrrlction for want of our assistance 1" Son~eof them rcplied
that further attempts were usclcss, for it was by n)

A.D. 1250, kc.] JOINVILLE VISITS TLIE RING AT CLES.\REA. 483
They performed another ceremony, by driving a dog b e
tweeu thm and us, aa we were divided into two bodies, and
tl~en cutti~~g him to pieces with thcir swords, %lying, "Let
those be thus mangled who shall fail in their ongngoments
to each other."
Anotl~cr wonderful story this Itnight of Coucy told the
king. Ilc slid, that in the country of ihc Comm~ins, w11en
o grenf, and powerful prince died, on his deceme an immense
gwve mas made, and the dcacl person, most richly adorned,
was seotecl in a lnagnificent cl~air within the grave, and the
finehi 'uursehe 11aJ possessed, togeilier with one of his officers,
were let down alive in the grave. The oflicer, before he
desccndecl, took leave of the king and the other grcnt personages
present, when the king gave to him a Inrge quantity of
pld and silver coin, which lle placed in a scarf ronl~ct his
neol:, the king making him promise that on his nrrivnl in the
otl~rr world lie would restore to him his money, which lie
faitl~fully engaged to do. After this, the king gave him a
letter n~ldressecl to tltc first of their monarchs, in which hc
told him, that the bearer of it had me11 and fnitl~fnlly sorved
him, and on tint nccount entreated he would properly reward
him. When this was doue, the grre was filled 111) over the
corpsc, the living oficw, and the horse, aud covered with
plnnks well nailed eogether. Before night there wib9 a. considernble
mound of stones piled over the grave, in memory of
those whom they had interred.
When it was near Easter I left Acre, 2nd went to visit the
king at Czsnren, where he mm eelnployed in fortifying and
enclosing it. On n1y nrrivnl, I found him in convers,ztion
with the Icgste, who 11rul never left him during this expedition
to the I-loly Land. On seeing me, he qnitted the legah, and
coming to me, said, "Lord de Joinville, is it really true that
I have only rctsined you until this ensning Easter ? Shoultl
it be so, I beg you will tell me how much I sh:~ll give you
from this Enst,cr to that of this time kwelve montl~s."
I replicd, thnt I wi not come to him to n~alie such a barpin,
and thnt I would not tdce more of his money; but I
would ofcr othcr terms, which were, that he sl~oulcl promise
never to fly into s pwion for any thing I ebould sn.y to him,
whicl~was often the case, :mcl I eng~gcd t?mt I would keep
my temper whenever he refused wl~nt I should ask.
212

I
ineans ccrhin tht any one remained alive to be saved, and
how c0111cl tl~cy Imtl in the face of so Isrge a mnltitude? The
, king lookell aronnd tl~ougl~th~lly, :~nd nt tlmt ~~~ornent S:LW3,
priest plunge into the wnter 2nd swim tow:trds the ropl
gdley. Wlm IIC urns 1weivccl on bosrcl, 11e :~dtlrcsscJ the
king with palpitating Im~rt and spirits aln~ost fiiling him.
"Most noblo king, tl~e ren~nnut of our people, witing for
your arrivd, are csposcd like sllcep to be sl:iin, unlcss tho
divine grnce sldl bring you to their rescue." " Are any of
tlmn still nlivc, thcn?" n~l:eJ the kin:, " and if so, where we
tl~ey?" 'l'herc we still seine of them alive," t;a.i(l the
pricst," and l~cnume~l in and ot the last cstrcn~ity in toill of
yondcr tower." " Plcnsc God, tl~en," repliccl the liiug, "by
wliosc guiclnnce we IIAVC come, we will tlie with our brave
brotl~ers in arms, and :I, cuxe !igl~t on hiin who beritntes."
The word was fortl~\vitl~ given, the ,g:llleys wcrc pusl~~~~l to
land : the king clnsl~ecl fo~.~wd into tl~e wnvos with Iiis tl~ighs
nnprotectcd by armour, :und up to his niicldle in tl~a water ; lm
soon gaincd firm footing on the dry strnncl : !,el~ind Ilim followed
Geoffrey da Bois and Pctcr Je Pratellcs, nnJ in tho
rear came sll the otl~ers rushing throng11 the wnves. 7'11e
Turks stood to clcfcntl the sl~orc, w11icl1 was covered wit11 tl~cir
nunlerous troops. The Iiing, with an arbdest wi~icb Ilc Iteld
in his hand, drove tl~eln back right nnd left ; his cvlllpnuions
presvcd npon the recoiling enemy, wl~ose courage qu:~ilctl wlien
thy saw it was the Iring, and they no longer tl:~rcrl to lneet
him The Icing brsnrlishcd his fierce sword, which allowcd
them no time to rcsist, but they yield before his fin~yblows,
and are driven in confusion with blood and llavoc by tl~e
liing's men until the shore was entirely clcared of them.
rlliey 7 then brought togctl~cr bcm~s, pol~s, and wood, from the
old ships and gnllcys to make a bnrricnde ; and t!~e king
pl:~cetl tllele some knigl~ts, servants, and arbnlesters, to lxcp
guard and to dislotlgc the Turks, who, seeing t11:lt they could
IIO longcr opposr! our troops, dispcrserl themselves on thc sltorc
with cries and howlinjis in onc gcnernl flight. The king then,
by a, wincling chair, wl~ich lie I d reniar1;ed in the house of
the Te~nplnrs, was the first to enter tbe tomn, where he fo~intl
more than 3,000 of the Tnrls t~lrnin? nvcr cvery thin; in tlie
ho~~scs, ntd cnrryiug :li\v;~y LIIC spoil. TIE bravc Icing I d no
sooiler cntc?cl.l tl~c to\vlr, tllnn Ile cnusc,l his Ixalincis to be

SCII~II~,~, who saitL he llad set out froln tllc l;in,g-don, of
Sorol~c, wl~cre lic l~nd embnrliecl, and coasting Spin, llnd
pam"el the Strnits of Morocco ; and th:~t he had run great
I~nxartls and suffcrctl 1n11ch evil before he could come to us.
TIrc king retsil~ecl this la~ight, with ten others 01llis coinpmions.
I heard him say, that the nights in tho Innc/ of
Noronc, during the summer, werc so short, that yon collld
see in tl~c latost part of the~n. When this knid~t becalne
acqnainled with tbe country, he a~ld his peoplc bc,gnn to hul~t
the lions, many of wl~icl~ they took, but not without mocll
bo~lily d:~n:yr?r.
Tl~eir nlsnner of hunting mas on horseback ; and wlten
they found a lion, they shot nt ltim at a proper disbncc from
their bow or cross-bow. On the lion being woundcd, he ran
st the first he saw, who instantly spurrcd his horse to n frill
pllop, dropping as he fled some picce of old cloth 01. covcrlitl,
which the lion seized and tore to pieces, im:~gining it wns the
mau he wns in purvnit of. As the lion ww employccl in tearing
the cloth, others advanced and shot at h;m, wl~ich innole hi111
again pursne them: they kept dropping old cloll~s, nnd shooting
at him alternately, until tllcy killcd him. Tl~rlv dill thcy
clestroy many lions.
Another most noble Irnight came to tho Icing when he was
at C!xs:~rez, who mid he wnsof the house of COIICY. The king
said, he was his cousin by his dcsccnt from one of the sisters of
King Philip, who had been married to the emperor of Constentlnople.
The king mtnined this knight, and nino others,
fur one year ; on the espilntion of wllicll, lie returned to Constantinople,
w11c11ce hc h d come. Whilc Ile was with us, 1
henrtl him tcll the Xing, that the emperor of Co~lstantinoplo
bat1 once formed an a1li:~nce with the king of the Commnins,
to have their assistance to conquer tl~o enlpcror of Greecc,
wllose name was V~taiclie; and he added, that the king of
the Commains, to 11a.v-e grcntcr faith in tho professions of tbe
emperor of Constmti~iople, c:u~sccl him and tl~eir people on
both sitles to be blooded, aucl mwle each drink alterontcly of
tl~e other's blood, in sign of b~~otl~cd~oorl, saying they wcro
now brolhers of the same blood. It was thus we were forced
to do with this Bni,~ht and his companions; ant1 our blootl,
being mixed with wiue, w.s c!runk by e:wh p:~.rty, m constituting
us a11 brothers of the same blood.

lloiatctl on an en~i~~ence, that they might be scen by the Christians
in tho towcr, wllo t:~lring courage at the sigl~k, r~~sllctl forth
in arins from tl~c tclwcr to meet the king, and at the report
tllereof the Turks were tl~rown into co~~f'usion. Tile I;ing,
meanwhile, witlt brandished sword, still lmmed aid slaogliterctl
the cnenly, who were thus cncloserl bctwcen the t ~ u
bo~lies of the Cllristians, and lillccl the strccts with their ~13ill.
Why necd I say lnore ? All were slain, c:ucel~t such m took to
flight in time; and thus those who llnd beforc bcc11 victorious
mcrc now defented autl received con~lign punisl~~ncnt, whilst
tl~e king still continued the pursuit, sl~cvving no incrc.y to the
e~~eri~ics of Clirist's Cross, w110m God 11ad given illto his
II:LIII~S;for thrc nevcr wns a man 011 earth wllo so abon~iuatcd
cow~rdicons IIC.
BUTthe king l~nd only tlll.ee horses with Iri~n, and what
were three among SO nlany ? If we esanlir~e tl~c deccls of the
nncicnts, and all thc records left us by former I~iatoriniis, wc
shall find that there never was n, man who so distiuguisl~ed
Iliuiself in battle as Icing Riclmrd did this thy. jVl~cn tile
Turla leaving the town mw his Bnrlncrs flwating in the nil; a,
cry was miscd on riglit and left as he s:dlicd forth u~>on tlleni,
and no Ilail-storm or tempest ever so rlensely coiicenled the
sky, as it was thon clwkenecl by the flying arrows of the
Turl

A.D. 1250, kc.] TIIE CIlA3I OF TARTARY BAPTIZED. 4Sl
earth; and that I onlcr l~inr to render me thanlllrs and
prak for the victory 1 bavc granted him over Prester
Jobn and his nation; and thou milt tcll him from me,
that I gire llirn power to snb~luc the whole e ~th." "Sire,"
answered the cllief, &' IIOW will the cham of Tartary believe
Inr ?" "Thou wilt tcll him he shall believe in thee from
the following circumstance; t.hat thou sldt go and combat
the emperor of Persia with three hundred of thy men,
and that,, througl~ me, thou sllnlt vnnquish the emperor of
Persin, nltl~ough he will dvmtnce to combat t.hee with three
hundrcd tho~mind men-at-am~s and upwards. But I,efore
tl~ou tl~inkest of fighting with thc emperor of Persia,, thou
ailt tlcninntl of the cham of Tartary, tlmt he give up to
thee all priest,s, the monlrs, and tho commonalty who have
rernainecl of those tden in the battle with Prcster John :
and thou wilt believe all they shall say and shew to thee,
for thy are my people and my sermots." " Sire," replied
the Tarhr chief, "I sl~nll ncver find my way, finless yon
causc me to be conductecl." The Iring, on this, trrrnetl
ro~~nd, and sad, "Con~e hither, George; go and conduct
this man to his qunl.ters, and let him bc restored safe
and instantly this chief' wau transported mong the Tartars.
On his return, all the host of the Ti~rtar~ came to sce him,
and made him good cheer. He very soon demanded the
priests and monl:s from the cham of Tartary, nccording to
the instructions 110 hnd received from the king on the mount,
ml~owere grunted to him. This prillce of the Tartars received
very kindly the doctrines they taught, and 311 his people
were baptii;cd. Whcn this cerenlony was over, he selected
300, made them confess tliemselves anJ get redy, and thence
n~~ohed to attack the empc;or of Persia, whom he defeated,
and drove out of his Itingdom and possessions. He fled as
far as Jerusalem ; and it mas he who vanquished our people,
and made the count Gnuticr de I3rienne prisoner, a8 you
s11:lll hear related. Tho subiccts of this Christian prince
inc1.e~e.dso much, ac:cording to the intornintion I hnrl from
those whom the king lind sent as an~bnsssdors to Tnrktiy,
tl~at thy counted in his nrnly SO0 c11a.pals on wheels.
But lei us uow return to my principal subject. Daring
the tint: t11c king was fortifying C~sarea, il~I have before
noticed, there, came to him a, knight called Sir IClennm de
2 1

cen ablc to accomplish this 2 In infantry, m wnll MIc:~,v:~lry,
our arlny was decidedly superior." To tlmw words, one of
thosc Ilcrverse ones who were prc:cnt, couwio~lsof thc st:~:te of
our arnly, replied : 'L My lord, it is not u you tl~inl; ; they
hvc ncitllcr horses nor beasts of b~~rdcn of any kiutl, osccpt
three horscs ody, which their wondcrl'ul Icing So~~ntl in Jypn.
I think, l~owevcr, that t.hs Icing himsclf coultl e:~.sily 1,e sur-
])risetl, for Ile lies alurost alone in his tent, :~nd fully \wrn ont
with fatigue. Whoewr scizev 11im will nt oncc pnl nn end t.o
our ~:LLOIII,S nnc1 to the wl~ole cnnlpaigu." It was thcn given
out alnong tl~c Turks wl~:~t n rcproa~h it mas to tl:cin, sncl
lasting scc:~ndnl, that 80 large nn army and so nlnny thousands
of the T~ukshn,d been tlefcaccJ I)y so srnall all army,
auri that Joppn, 11ad been rocovcrcd froin them hy force of
arms. In this manner they murrnurccl to om ~~notl~c~. at what
11d taken place, and tre~nblecl wit11 co~~fnsion.
Cu. SVI1.-?Ioru Ihc Chrislians ncled in Ihc nzaltcr of Ihr szoinc wAicls
the Turkv hnd killed.
Now the esccmblo T~~rlrs, who were siirpriscd in Jolrpn.,
hncl nisdc an in~nlcnso filaugl~tcr of l;l~osc? who mere too wed;
to resist, and in p:~rticlilnr had I

~~I

whorn they must obey in wlintsocver lie con~rnnnrle~l. Tile
iu:Lllner iu whiclr he proposwl tlrey slrould elcrt n Iting \\-:IS
na follows: of the lil'ty-two tribes of w11icI1 tlre Tnrtnrs
wcre con~posed, each triLc slioulJ bring II~IIIan ;~rrnn,"
ln:r~.kcd with tl~c n:me niltl scd of tl~c tril~c. This 1~:~s
:~~rw"doby all the peoplc ; ;mcl when tlonc, tlie wl~oic
fifty-two arrows wcrc placcd before n cllild of live yraiz
old, and froin the tribe wlrosc arrow the clrild should pick, tl~o
king was to be clioseli.
r .
lhe cliild 11nving taken an arrow, all the tribes were
or,lurerl to rctir~ ; and tifty-two inen, the iniist Ieiu.iic4 anJ
v~tliant, wcrc sclectecl frou~ the tribe to wlion~ the arrow
belonged, nmullg wl~oin wns their a~lviaw; :tncl car11 oJ tl~cm
I~oltlii~gnn nrrow npzrt t;igncd with Iris nnnle, tl~cy nintle
n cliilcl of fivc ycars old tdc one of tl~eso arrows, tl~o
owncr of' wliiclr wns to be tliuir king or ruler. Ey nccitlcnt
tlie choice of the cliilcl fcll. on the arrow of l~ini wl~o 11nd
prnpoxd tlrc ii~c~urc, to the jircat joy or tllc wholc nntion.
FInvi~~gcansccl silencc to bc procluinicd, he said,-
"C;cntlenlen, if yon wish tlut I should Lo your lord,
you will swear by Ilini who mnde tlic lmvens 2nd cnrth,
tllnt you will obey my coninln~ds." Aud they nli took tile
oath.
After this, he pve tl~cn~ many useful instructions, very
excellent for 1;ncl)ing natioi~ in pcnco at llonre. One of
bis rcgulntions wxs, tlmt no onc sl~ould seizo the goods of
another without his will, iior to 11is loss; nnd tl~nt no o!le
sl~onlcl strilte nnotller, under pain of his llnucl b~in;; cut off.
Anotl~cr, that 110 one s!~oulcl fo~zc the wife or d:zi~gl~terof
any one, undcr pcnnlty of de:~tl~.X~nyoti~er good laws
did Ire pronrul~~tofor the prcservntion of peace a~n!)ng
tl~cm.
IInving qivcn Lhcm thcsc instroctions, 11e rcmonstlahxl wibh
tlic~ri oil tlrcir ancient enelny l'rcstcr John, 3nd how gw~t
l~is Intrcd w:is qpiust tllel~~ ; nntl, in conclirsiun: szil1,--
* The lord de Joir~villc has made n mistake by nthibutinw to the T;wtars
the electioll of their Icing 1,). the nuntbcr of arrows. his circomstance
is told of the Turlts and Turcomnns by William of Tgre, who lived
1,~~t'ore the ntme of Tartars was hciwd of, in the first book nntl seventh
clmpkr, aid by Alb~ri~us in the y ~ 1059, . when tiley pusscsscd themselves
of tl~clands of tlie ling of l'crbia.

GODof all vi~tnes! lives thcrc n mm who would not bc
s!~ak~n by SII~I n sutlden :hm ? The erlclily ru~h unawnros,
nrlncd a;::~iwt ~inarmxl, many against few, fur 0111- me11
lml no time to am, or evc~ to drew tl~en~sclvcs. The king
l~iniself tlrerefore, and many ot,lws with him, on tlre
urgen(':y of (IIC mnrncnt, procecdetl withont their cuisl~cs to
the liqht, some even witho~~t their breccl~es, and they
rm~erl tl~c!n~selvcs in the best In:tnller thy cor~lcl, tl1o11g11
tltcy wcve gcri~ig to fight tllc whole clay. W-ldst olir nwn
v;cw thus arming in lln.stc, the Turks clren. new, nnd
thr: king mountetl his Imreo, with only tell other Ii~~iglrts,
WIIOHC names we ns follows : Count I-Tenry, the enrl of
Lciwstcr, 13:~rtholu111ewclc! n.lortiniw, R,alpll ilo nlanlcnl~,
Andrew de Chnvegni, Gernld rle l?iuiv.zl, Rogcr tle Sacy,
Y

and liim tributary to them. Vincent tle Benuvnis says, that this
king wn_s u Christian, nnd adds, that Gheugis Cl~au~ married his daughter,
vhich lnst pnrt is continned by Thomas (It: Cmtinpr2 nnd Snnuto. Our
ancient herdtls even go so fur CL~to give for arlrls, to Prester John, n
shield or, wit11 !I orucihx nzur, having on each side two thongs of the sume.
There are some wliters who (10 not ngrce that this prince, who was the
orisin of, nnrl ',':iv(: his nnnle to thesc kings of India, wns n priest; and
they sulqlose the error to, have nriscn from his being called in the Pctsinn
Inngunge pcul~gimi,wliich nleaw in Lati11q~os~ulicus,or n Christinn
ortllodos king, n ~~d tlmt in this qirnlity he Ii;d ;r cross bornc before Ili~n,
like the urchhishops and primnte~, tn shew his pcnple that he was the
protector onrl tlefcndw of' thc Cl~ristiiu~ rcligion. This is the opinion of
Joseph Scali;er, ill lih. 7, tic: E~na~dnt. Te~npor. nnd of some otllers.
But it is not very cerbin what were the provinces of Asiu wl~icli these
princes posae~sd, whose dou~inions were so extensive, that it wa3 said
the first Prester John subjugat.ctl irnd rmdwxl tributary sevcnty-two
kings.

Willinnr tlc I'Etnng, Hugh de Villcneuve, n brave rctniner,
nnrl Ilenry le Tyois, tl~c king's stantl:r.rd-bearer. Tlless
alone hacl I~orses, and solnc cven of those they l~nd were
Luc nnd impotc~~t I~orscs, unusecl to arms : t'he conlrnoll
nlcrl wcrc slrilfully drawn ont in rmks nntl troops,
with edl a captain to con~lnnnd tkn. The knights were
l)osted ncnrcr to the scz, Imving the ol~nrcll of St. Nicholas on
tl~e Icft,, becausc tl~c Turlts 11:~d directed their priucipnl
attack 011 tllnt quarter, nncl the P~S:LIIS nnrl Genoc~e were
posted beyond the sub~u.l,au gsldcns, lrnving other tr~~ops
~ninglcrl vith thcn~. 0 wl~o could fully relate the terrible
;ittscli~"f the infitluls ? TIIC'Yurks at first ruslieci on mil.h
lrorricl yells, 11~1rli11gtheir javelins nncl sl~outing tbeir
:Lrroms. OLI~mcn prcpn.red tl~cmselves ns they best could, to
reccive their furiouu nttncl;, cnch fising his rigl~t knee in
tl~e grotmil, tlmt so tlrcy ~ni~l~t tl~c better hold together, 2nd
~nnint;~in thcir position; wliilst there, the tl~iglls of their Icft legs
werc Imt, and their Icl't lrnncls 11elLl tl~cir ~IriclJs or buc1;lels;
st~~etchc,I out before thern in their 1.ig11t lrnncls they lleld rhcir
Innces, of which the lover cnds were fixed in the pound,
:~ntI tl~eir i1.011 heads pointed tllre:lteningly tonwtls tl~c
cnclny. 13ctwce11 cvcry two of the men wl~o were t1111s
~overcd wit11 their sl~icl(ls, tl~e king, vcrsecl in nrlus, plncccl
:LII nrbalester, and nuotl~cr beliind him to stretch thc arblest
ns qnicl;ly ns possible, so 111;~t tlle man in front ~nigl~t
~liscl~nrgehis shot whilst tl~c otllcr wns loadin:,.. T11i.i
wns fo~~ntl to be of n~ucl~ lic~lctit to our men, and did IIIIIC~~
~I:LJ~ to thc cllclny. Thns cvery thing wns prupnrcd as well
:m the slrortness of the time sllowctl, and our little arnly
w:~s tlraw~~ up in ortlcr. Tlie Iring ran along the mnks, a11t1
c!:;llortetl evcry ~nnn to be fir111 and not to flincl~. " Conrap,
niy br:~ve mu,'' ,mid hc, "and Ict not the attack of the
cnonly tlisturb you. Benr up npinst thc Srowns of fortu~~e,
;:r!~l you will rjsc above them. Evnry thing nlny he borne
I,,y I)rnve Inrn ; nrl.~~xrsity sl~c~ls a lig11t upon the virtncs of
111;urltint1,ns ccrt:ainly as prosperity casts ovcr thcm a slln.rle ;
tllcrc is no room for flight, for t-l~e enemy surround us, nnd
to :~ttcn~pt to flee is to provoke ccrtnin dc:~th. Be brave,
tlrcrefore, DII~1ct illc nrgency of the caw shnrpen up yonr
lour : III.:LVCrlwn shoulcl either conquer nobly, or glo~.iousl,y
:lie, A1:~rt);;dom is :L lioon whicl~ wc slluultl ruccii.~ nil11

* A flnt country. Snnuto, 1.2, part 4, c. 28, 'I in rjuo1inbit;mt Amhes,
rpi Bedwini vocmtnr, in beru contin-lo I~:il)ituntrs, sou in locia cenl1lt.stribnu,
sub tcr~turiis m;~nsiu~ws suits on~ni tcnqiore fdcir~~trs." Spcl~nun
113s tl~o~ght tl~:it 111~:W O I ~"IJ

\villing niind : but befow we ilic, let us wldsl still aliw do
wl~at may :tlveugc our dc:~tl~~, giving than1;s to GIMI tl1:1t it hm
l,eeu our lot to (lie mai,tyl.s. l'ilis will be the end of our
labours, the terrninntiou of onr lifo, nud of our hnttlcs."
The words were Irx,rtlly spoken, when the hostile arnly
rusl~cel with fc~ocit.~ upon tlleln, in sovcn trool,~c:adl (JI'
u~liich conL~ined nbout a thousancl horse. Our nlcn 1vceir4
their attn.ck with their rigIlt t'ect plnntcd firm npinat I hc S:I I I~I,
nl~d rcnlained ilninuvnblc. l'lrcir lances formed n wall ;ih';ll~ixl,
tlre cnmy, who wollld nwuredly 11:~ve lwoken tl~l,n~~,gI~, if
onr IIICII h:~d in the lcnst clcgl.cc given way. '!'he fimt
linc of' t,l~c:l'u~ks, perceiving, :IS tl~cy nclvnncctl, t l ~ x011rI IICI~
stnod irnmov:~ble, recoiletl a Iittlc, when our ~I~OS~Y-~IOWnlcn
plied tlleni witl~n slio\ver of missile% s1:1yi11g I : L ~
nnnlbv1.s of lncn and Ilorscs. ilnotl~cr line of Tui,l;,>at ouco
c:ln~con in like Innnner, nnil WCIT again enco~~nlr?rcrl ;IIII[
driveu back. Iu this wny the T~~rlts canre on lilii: a whirlwind,
qxin nnd agnin, nlalcing the n.pl)cnrnncc of :Ln att;~cl(,
tlr:~t our lrlen might he inilucod to give my, nnd wllen t11e.y
were close up, they tnrucel tl~eil. 11or~cs of in nnot11t.r clircctjon.
l'l~c Icing and his knigl~ts, who were on I~orsehncl;,
perceiving tllis, put spurs to their horses, md chnrged into
tl~c
.
nliclclle
.
of t,lle cncllly, upsetting tllenr right mtl left, 2nd
plerclug n lnlge number f.l~rongl~ the borly with their lances;
a,t last they pulled up their Irorscs, becnuse they found that
they llacl penetrnkd entirely tllrougli the 'l'url~isl~ lines. TIE
king now Iooliing nbo~lt, I~irn, saw the 11oble earl of Leicester
fallen from his Iiorsc, nntl figlltil~g brnvely orr foot. No sooilcr
tlitl Ile see this tl~an 11e 1.ns11cd to l~is rescue, snntclietl Ilinr out
of tlrc hands of tlx cncmy, and repl:~ccd him on 11is hone.
What D terrible combat was tl~cn waged ! n ~nultitucle of
T~irI

la undr~rst.nnrl, hlrtl~er on, tl~ut. 11e means :he town of Cairo. The Eastern
Cbronidi! also infornls us, tht tlw 11r:rds of' those shill nt the baltle of
i !IISSOIII.~ \VCI.C 1~rou:'lit to Ciri1.0, :~nd i~fist:d to the poi~rlsnF lances, on
the gute of Zunli;~,which is o suburb ol' Cairo.

lJrn\-t!l,y Jitl 11e ligl~t, t.11at thre wn.; no one, hoaevcr ,ca.ll;tnt,
tll:lt \ro~ll?l not rc:~tlily : L I ~II~'sI::w~IY yicld to II~IIIt.11~ 111.celllillc~~cc.
()n thl 11;l.y Ile ~J~:.i'oI'lllell Llle nltrst galln.nt dccvls
1,,1 ~ I I C furious :WllI,y of 111c '['ltl'h, %11(1 shv 11ut111xrs wit11
lljs ewc;r~l, wl~icl~ sl~n~~c lil:c, ligl~t~liu,q ; sonle of tlleln n.cl.c
clo\,c~~ in two t'ro~n thiv hc1111ctto thir tce~l~, whilst ot11~1.s
],)st tI~~!ir IIC:I(IS, zrnl*, n d otl~cr n~elnbcrs, wl~iclt were lol,p,*ll
otf :~.ta single blow. \Vl~ilc the kill; \was thi~s In1)onring ~-itll
illcredil,lo cscrtions in the fi~llt, :I.'l'l~rk ~11ra11ced tt)\~nrtls
i IIOIIII~CI a f i s t . Il'e l~i~d been sent by
:ttpI~nllin of Xrcl1:uli:t. brotl~cr to S:tln&n, n libernl n.nd ~nunificet:t
ma?. ii' he l1:111 not r?jcctc(l ~ite Christi:~~~ f:~ith. This
III;IIJ 11ow sent to tl~c1ii11,qM :L tokc11 ~ l'hi3 welI-l!l~,ut wa.s rnise~l by the ~ I I I ' ~ < R ,:IS they strove wlto slmultl
tirqi, occ111)y tltc ~OWII,hopiu= to shy those of our lncn whom
they t.llould frrld within. The king, l~eari~~g the cln~no~~r,
t:l!;i~ig with l~imon!y two kuigl~ts :~nd two cross.-llow-nwn,
ilici, ~liree Torks, nobly cnp:rrisonccl, ill or~e of the [~rinc:ipnl
strcots. lXosl)ii~g hmvely ul~n them, hc slew tl~c ritlers ill
his own royal f;tshion, aud ~nntle booty of two 1:ows. 'Slm
1'& of t11e T111.ks \lvl~o wel,c found in the tow^^, wcre p ~ to t
Lhe wlit ill qiite of tllcir I-csist:~nce, sncl di~jpxsi~~~ in

~i,.I fZ.jO, kc.] JOINVXLLE EQIJJPS FORTY RSICIITS. 47 5
w
I~cen confined in the Snracen prisons. On his n,rrirnl at Acre,
i\lmlame de Secte, cousin-gcrnln.n to the count dc Bric~~ne,
received his boncs, and I I : ~ ~ L I C U I iuterred wcll and I~onournl,ly
in th cl~nl*ch of the l

TIII:~~~ ulatters scttlo~l, IIw kil~y wcut clown to the S~NJI.~,
wl~crc nlrnly of our nlen lrnd taken refuge OII ll!~:utl LIIC
g:~lleys. 'I'llese the king exhorted by the rnost cogent argun~ents
to 1.ctl11.11 to the battle, mid s11;~l.e wit11 tire rest wl~ntcver
ntight bcfal tl1c.111. Leaving five wen as gunr~lu011 h~nld
cncl~ g1111:y, Llle king led I~acli the lest to assist his Irnulpwist!J
:L~IIIY; : ~ c IIle no sooner nrrivctl, t11:~n wit11 dl his fury
Ilc fell npou the tliicl~xt r:1111is of tl~e c~rcluy; driving ~IICIII
bi~c:knld ront,il~g thc111, SI) Ill:> t even Il~osc wllo were at n'rlis -
k~ncr:LII~mto11011edby 11in1, werc ovcrw!~cll~~etl by lhc throng
of the troops :LY they retwntetl. Ncvcr \vm t h e sucl~ an
atlncli ~ d bye ou i~~dividual. Hc pierced into Iho ~rljddlc
of the l~ustile wmy, an11 perforn~ed tlie ~lccdv of a
brave 2nd distinguislied warrior. The Turks :~tonce closed
upon hi111 and tried to overwlrcl~n II~III. It1 the n ~a~nti~:~e our
rllcll, losirlg sight of the Icing, wcce Sc'niful lest he s11o~1lJ have
been slain, and w11e1i one of tl1c111 proposecl that thy shoulcl
ad\,:wce to tind hi~n,our lines could II:LI~~~ contain tl~e~r~sclves.
But if by my clrullce the clisposicion of uur troops I I : ~IJ~CII b~oken,
without tloubt they -woulrd all Ir:we Bccn destroyccl. IVhnt
110 wover was LO be tl~ouglit of the king w 110 was I~cnl~i~ed in by
thc enenly, a single lilnn olq~osetl to so 111,zny thousantls? The
hnd of lhc witcr fiii~lls to toll it, an~L the n~intl of the rcatler
to ha~r it. Wl~ocver Ilen.rd of s11oll a nlan 7 liis bravery wo,s
ever of tile higl~est order, no nclvcrsc st-ornl conld si111

Acllillcs w3.9 l~lortnlly wounded in the very pnrt wllich {
llcl(l rvhcr~ they clipl~ed Ililll. Lilxwise Alcs:~nclc~;
~acellollin~~,\\.as WIIO stil~xdntcdby :~lnbitioa to soQjuK:cte tllo
wllole world, u~~tlt:r.took :L rnost ditlicult enterprise, ILIIC~ a
llsnclfltl of cl~oice sul~lict~a fu~~gl~t awy celulnted l~nttl~p, blIt
tl,? cllicf p;i.rt of his V~~OUY co~lsistc~l in ~ I I R cxce)lc'nc:c of llis
soldiels. 111 the mrnc III:LIIIIC~, the LY:LV

coming safe out of the enemy's ranks! They lanew not wlint
!lad b:lppened to him, but tlley knew tllot witl~out hint all the
I~opes of the Christian army mould be ill vain. The Icing's per-
SOH was stuck all over with javelin.9, likc n tlecr pierced b.~the
hunters, and the tmppings of his horse wcrc: thickly covcrctl
wit.b arrows. Thus, like a brnre soldier, lle ret~~r~~ecl from
the contest,, and n bitter contesr; it was, for it lrad 1:istetl
from the morning sun to the setting sun. It may sccm
irldeetl wonderful md even i~icreclible, tl~at so snlall :I 1)oc.ly
of men endured so long ir, conflict; but by God's nlercy
we xnnnt doubt the truth of it, for in that bottle onljf onc or
two of onr men were shin. Rr~t the numher of tlic l'url;irh
horscs whicl~ lay ddend on the ficlds is mid to llnve csceeded
fifteen huntlred ; and of thc Turk8 t11e1nselves more thsn
revcu I~unrlretl were killctl, :mti yct they did not carry back
King lLich;~rd, as the,y Ira1 boadctl, as n present to Saladin ;
b~it, on the contmry, he and his bravo followers pcrfor~~~ctl so
mmiy deeds cvf valour in the sight of the Turks, tl~the
' enemy themsel-rea sl~uclclcrccl to bel~old thcm.
err. XXJV.-How Salorlin ~itlicuAerE his men fur hnuiig lonsfed that
lhcy wo~r&lseize Kinq Richard, and buru lhcy, in seu-dehnce, rq~lietb
Uiu6 !hey lmd mver sera so dvavc a suldiw.
INthe meantime, onr men lmving by Gd's glxc es&ped
ilcstruction, the Turliish army returned to S:~l;din, who
is said to have ridiculed the111 by nsltiug wllerc &Ielech
Ricl~ardw:~,for they had to bring him :r pri- .
soncr 8 " Which of you," continued he, "first seized him,
2nd w11ei.e is Izc ? Why is hc not produced?" To wl~oin
one of the Turks that came from the furthest countries of the
enrth, replied : " In truth, my lortl, hlelech Richard, show
whom you :IS]

* All the writers on the hol~ wnrs agree, tllnt the Old i\lnn of tile
Mowkrin, who is i:nllrd " Vet:~lus," or " Scncs dc Jfo~~ti~nis." rlllril ~ vcr
the A.;

FROMtl~c toil and csertion of the bi~ttle, Ring Ricll:l.rtl
2nd sevcml otlms who II:~ cxrted t,l~c~nselvcs the e~os~, Sell
ill, not only from thc fntiguc of the battle, but tl~c smell of
i.11~corpses, wl~icll so curwytecl the neigl~bourhc~od, that they
all ncsrly (licci.
INthe menutime S:~ladin ~cnt worcl to the Iiing "L1:tlt 11e
would come with his Turks scize hin~, if Ile ctrultl only he
sure that Richard woulcl awnit his appro:wh. Tile king replied
instantly, tht he woi~ld wait for him there, withut
stil-ring oue foot from whwe IIC ~YW,p~.nvi~lciI only tlmt Im hwl
strength, to stand upriglit and to dcfcnd 11i111sclE Sl~chwns the
king's courage, that it conld not be overcome by any tlis:~sters.
'FVIlen the king, howevcl., came to rcflect on his actunl ijitnntion,
s.nd the ill~~ess by wllicli he w s clisnblcd, lie tl~o~lgl~l, it
not expedient to be too secure when t,l~e serpcnt W:LS in his
~~eigl~bonrhood ; IIL. tllercfore sent Count Henry to Chsurea,
with' a. [nepsngc to the French, who ~ L previously I coine
thither, Lhnt they should join him an11 assist ill ~Jcfending tl~e
Holy Luld, signifying elso b t,l~eni his present compla.iut, :ml
.tl~e nforcs:~icl nicss~e of Sn.l:ldin. Br~tl~c Fw.lch reh~sed to
render him the lenst msittnnce ; iwlectl, RY fnr as they were
conccrncd, IIC ~niglbt lnve bcen ~lrstroyc~.l by thc rn~~ltituilc of
the enenly, if 11e 11xl not ;~grecd to a truce wllicl~ in some
pnrticulars mas open to rcprcl~ension. So great wits the mnltittlde
of the 'L'uI.~

to rclrcnt wllnt they hnd 1,cforr: ,miJ to Iliu~, ns well as the
dcnlnml wl~ich they lind ~n:lclo in the ~i~oruin~. Tl~ey xplic:ll,
t11:~tthey should not thiul; it riglit to repcat wh;~they 11:~tl
said, csccpt ill tho prcscncc of sucli :u l~ntl llcnrcl tlic~n in
the ~~~orning. TIIC ~nnstcrs of tl~e Tculplc, :~ncl of the
I~ospitd, on this ordered them to rcpcnt it. Tho cllicf t11c11
repcated whnt lie haid said before to the king, as 11:~s Lccn
mcntioncd.
The masters, on henring it, Lnclc them come and confcr
wit11 then1 in the morning, and tl~cy sl~ould then 1i110w the
king'spplcasure. On the morrow, when ~hcy were LcSort: tile
mnstcrs of tllc Tcmplc and Hospital, tl~cy told tl~c~n, tli:~t
their lord li:~d vcry foolisl~ly and in~pu~lcntly sent sucli :I
inc-age to tlie king of Pr:~uce, arid hntl used sucll 11;lrsIi
esptmsions, that were it not nnlccomiug tho 11onour of tl~e
kinfi, on tl:c ncconnt of thcir bcing i~lvcstd wit11 tl~c dmmctcr
of n~nbassntlors, he would h:we l~ntl tlicrn tllrotvn into
the filthy sen, of Acre, and tlrow~~e{l, in ~1cspit.e of their
master. " An~lwe command you," contiuuc,l tlle nlasuxr,
" to rctnrn to yollr lold, ant1 to come back witllin fiftec~i cl:~y..
with srtc11 lettcrs fronl your l)ri~lcc, 111;~t tl~eking sllnli be contented
wit11 1li111 nntl will1 you."
13cfo1.c the fiftceu days weye csl~ir~tl, the snnle nnil>nssnclors
returoed fro111 thc princc of the ~nountniu, a d ntlclrcssiug the
king, snicl, "Sire, we :~rc conw b:wli frtrn~ our lord, w Lo
i~lfornis yon., thnt xi the rjl~irt is tilc prt of' ~TCSSne:i~.cst to
tllc body, he sends you this Ilis shirt,, ns n gift, or a synll~ol
that, you are the king for WII~III 11c hns the jireatcst affection,
and wllich he is most desilms to cultiv:~~~; and, for :I, furlller
assnwlce of it, hero is his ring tht he scuds you, wl1icI1 is
of pure gold, ant1 l1nl.11 his n:ulle ellgravcn on it; and with
An~mgother prcsents scnt lo I,l~c king wcre an elcphsut ol
cryst:d, figu~~s of nlcn of tliffcreut cryst:~ls, tl~c wl~ole set ill
line picccs of n~nln?r with btrr~lcrs of pure gold. You mwt
know, tlmt w11e1i the nlnbasarclors opener1 the cnse that con-.
hinerl a11 thcsc line things, tlic wllolu :~pnrtn~ent was instautly
e~ml~al~ncd wit11 t.he swcet dour of tlicir perfumes.
The icing, cicsirous not to be Lcl~in&tnd in ina1;irrg n

ILY tllc ~ne:~ntimc tl~c king bq-tn to be :~nsious about hi8
Iw:rlth, nntl after long reflection Ile sent L I ~his relation Count
Henry, with the 'l'en~pla~s and I-Iospit:~lle~s, to wbon~ IIC expI;~ined
the eufcrbl~d state of his body, an11 protcstecl tbnt ill
collscquence of tl~c vitiated at~nospl~erc, nntl the bad state of
the I;,rt.ific:,~tioua, 11c must i~r~lnetIi~~lely Ienre the pl;:x. Ile
tl~cn nppointecl so111e of the111 to go and t;~lrc chnrzd i~f ASC:L-
Ion, and lo otltcrs to guud Joppa, whilst he went l~in~sclf to
Acre to be cured, as ~ZLSnow absolutely neccswry for 11ir11.
TI, tl~is proposition they :dl with onc 11c:~rt :m,l onc voice madc
ol!jcction, saying, that they could not possibly gunrd Jopp;>
or any other fill'trC!s~ after 11c was gone ; and pcrsjsting ~ Itllie I
rcf~sa.1, t110.y kept aloof, and no longer actcil ill concert with
tLe Icing. 1Licl1:wd w:i~ vcscrl :LIILI c~nb;~rmsseJ by tlh contluct,
nnd it gave him the UIOA~bitter pin tht now of them
syniptbizetl with his inteutio~~s or wishes. I-Ic tlm l)egm t~
mnwr as to \\,lint 118 shodd do, but. in all his tleliberntio~~s Ile
cmle only to the snmc conclnsion, that there M ~ none I of
tl~eln to syrnpatliixe with his misfortunes. Swing, t,llen, t.l~:~:
dl loft him, and that none bok the slightosl il~tercst ill tliu
common cause, he orclcretl plwclnnxrtion to bc ~l~aile, that whocv~rwislietl
to rcceiw thc liing's pity shoul~l cou~c togetlm to
lrivc ]lint tl~cir 11elp. At, once t1vo t11011snncl foot~ue~i and
9.
htty 1;tiights came forward. nut the king's l~cnltli now brpn
to g" so bad, that Ire despaired of' its being re-cstnblislie~l;
wl~erefore, in his ansicty both for the oL11e~ nl?d for I~in~self,
11e tl~ougbt it best, uf nll the plsus which snggeskd thenl-.
selves, Lo ask -J, truce, ratl~er than to lcnve the lard ;L prey to
~lav;~stat,ion, 39 mnny ot11ci.s l~ad Jonc, I,y ~:~iling 11~1nc in
~~urnbers to tl~eir own country. Thus tl~e kill;:, ])crl~lesed
and hesitnting wbnt he II:II~ lmit do, req~~cstc~l Sapl~:di~~,
tlic brother of &~lndin, to n~cdj;itc bct\vce~~ tl1c111, ant1 ohin tl~c IIIO:,~ I~ot~ourablc iclms of truce in l~iv power. Xow
S1~phnclirl\ va :L nlan of cxtmordin:~ry libernlily, WIIO on Innny
occasions paid grc;~t 11011our to tl~e Iking for his si~i~ulnr virtiies;
;und Ile now wilh grc:rt zrd [J~IJCLI~C~~ for lti(.l~ard:I,
truce 011 the following cu~~clitions ; nmlcly, tht hsc~luu,

more s paradise or hell. Tlie friar lied why slle uttered
such words. LL BCC~IIS~," she said, "1 wish not tlltLtany
one sl~oullldo g0~1for t l reward ~ of paradise, nor n\roicl
evil from fear of Ilcll ; but cvery good ought to he dollc
from the prfcct nl~d sil~ccro low we owe to our crentc,rl.,
Chi, wl~o is tilo suprcrnc go~d, and who lovcd us so nlllcll
CII:L~ Iic sidfc:~c~l (1e:~tll fw (IUV rctlemption; which dchtll Ile
sr~bmittccl lo for the siu of ow firs1 fatller, Adam, and for our
snlvn.tioa."
During the Ling's residence at Acre, there came
wise to 11il-n nmhnw:i.tlws frm the prince of tlic Eedouins,
colled the Old Man of the Mountnin. After the
Ling l~ad attended Irlnqs in tl~c morning, IIC would 11car
~:l~:dtl~cse m~bnssl~clor~ l~ad to say. On thcir entmnce,
tlrc Icing causcd tlmn to be scntcll, to deliver tl~eir incssago ;
when one of the cllicfs Icgau by asl;ing the kiug if he were
acq~nint,ctl wit11 thcir lortl, the prince of the ~nountain. Tlic
Icing sni~l he wns not; lie 1i:ltl ncvcr sceu him, ~\t[lOllgll 11c
had I~card much spolxn of I L ~ I I I . Tl~c chief continued: "Sire,
since you hnvc 11c:iril my lord spoken of, I wondcr much that
you hzve uot scnt him such of your people as sl~c~old \lave
made Ihn you^ friend, in likc rnnnner as tlie emperor of
Gcl-ma~~y, the king of I-Iungary, the sdtnn of Babylon, a d
nl:Llly other princes lrnvs ycnrly done ; for tlmy lcnom well
that thcy \vo~~lcl nut 1.w allo\rcil to cxist or reign, Lot during
his good plc:rsure. Yor tl~is enuse he l~ns dcspotched us
llitlier to anivertise you, thnt ho wills you sl~oulcl act in tl~e
like m:uincr, or at lcltst tht yon acquit him of tlie tributc
IIC FI,.YS l~~~nuxlly to tho g~':wtl master of the Temple, or of
thc IIosl>it;d, and if yo11 r!o Illis, he will consider it as
pid to I~inisclf. My lord s:~ystrrlly, that should Ilc destroy
tl~o nmte~~ of the Tcinlh, ~JI. uf tl~c EToslrital, thore would
soon 1)e otl~crn38 good, :LIII~ for tl~is rexqon he i.9 ~~nwilling
to risk his pcirple's livca wl~ore little is to be gni~~erl."
Tlrc ];in? rcl,lied, tlmt he would considcr wlint they I~ad
snitl, :LII,I if tlicy WOUICI rehni in the evening they should
]I.zv~~ 11is :LII:'WC~. TVl~cnthcy cnnie again before the king,
it was nbont vespers, nn~l tltep found the master of the
Temple on one side of hi~n, x.11d tl~e n1:uter of tl~c Elospitnl
on tho olllcr. The kin:,., on tl~cir ent,l.snoe, ordered then!

3:30 ITINBRARY OP RICI.IARD I. [D. VI. C,. 2s.
which 11:d dways been n CLUSC of annoyance to S:~ls~l:~l'!i 1
gove~mn~cr~t, sl~oulcl be htroyed, and uot ~sebuilt for the spec
at 1e:~st tbrec yews, be++g nt the fullowing festival of
Easter; but at the end of that tiu~e, wl~oewr could get possession
of it might fortify it; that the Cllristi:ms s11oul1.l
allowed to inhabit Jopp without let or n~ol~sti~tion, t ~ ~ ~ t l ~ ~ ~ .
with all tl~e adjoining country, both on tl~c sca-const and in
the u~ou~~tnirls; that peace sl~ould strictly be observed bet.wee11
the Christians and Ssracells, esch I~aviog free le~zvc to conle
:mtl go wl~erever they pleased; that pilgri~w sl~ould have free
access lo the Holy Sepnlcllre,\t,itliol:t any pnyt~icnt GI.pecuniary
esnction whatever, and with leavc to carry ~~~ercl~andisc? for
eslc tl~rough the whole land, and to pwctise umn~ercial pursuits
without opposition. 'J'l~is treaty wm presented in writing
to King Richard, who =re it his approbation, for in his weal;
condition, and having so few troops about I~irn, and that too
within two miles of the eneniy, Ilc rlitl rot think it in his
power to secure more favourable tern~s. Whocver entertains
a different opinion concerni~~g thiv tre:rt,y, I would have him
know t.hnt he will expose Limsclf to thc cllnrge of pcrrersely
deviatii~g from the trutl~
CH. XXVII1.-How llre il-i~~g oml Saludin comeq)ondcd amicably with
orbe anollrrr II, nwmw of messeny crs.
wire^ therefore the Iiiog, in his present emerycncy! had
settlcd mnttcrz in the wny tlescribccl, he, in 11is rnagnnn~nlit.y,
wl~icl~ always aimed st soinetlling lowly snd dillicult, sent imbnssndors
to Soldin, a~~nouncing to him, ill the presence of
nrlmerous of his chiefs, tlmt he hsd only asked for 3 tr~~ce of
thee years for the purpose of revisiting his country, anti collecting
more mcn nnd money, wlwewith to return a ~ rescue ~ d all
the land of Jer~rsalem from l~is domination, if indeed S:dxLil~
sho~lld hnve the courage to face hini in the field. To this
S;~lnclin replied, calling his own Holy LRWand God Almighty
to witnosa, that he enterhind sllch n.n esnltcil opinion of
King Richald's honour, ruaguanirnity, and general exceller~ar,
i,hnt he would mthcr lose l~is dominions to hiln h n to my otlrer liing he llnd ever seen, nlwnys supposing tl~tlie wns
obliged to lose his donii~lions at all. Alas ! how blind are
nm, wllilst tlrcy lay plans fw ninny yc:m to corne, they
ho\v not what to- norr row inny bring forth : the king':: mint1

I
t
tllat Itc co11lJ not think ~CIII:LI~I~B cxtmv:~gant; and s d
lo 1:11:, t11;l.t IIC relnincd Inc in llis sc1.i.i~~.
Not lntrg nftrr thiq the crlii)arnr of C$cr.mmv xi~t nn
clilll:~.wy Lo tl~c king, wit11 c.r~i1~11ti;~I I~ttcrs,111 sn~itht I I C
h:1.[1 wittw lo tllc .r~~lt:~.n of 13:1l)ylo11,~ rf wltil-c ~lcnlh IIC
W:N ipo?:~~~t, to ~ i w crc~litto t,l~owIIC se111, t.o liinr, :I!I~I,
(:ost \vI~;:t it woi~ltl, to dcliver tltc I;iy:r IIF l:r:l.l~cc :~ntl bi,5
:L~IIIY f~wui llwir c:~ptivit,y. ?311t 1 wcll rc~tienil~cr, t11:1t
w~cr:~.l sxitl thcy hcli~vctl 111c cl1:l)crnr \~ihllcil to fi11d tlic!~~
3fill ~ ~ I ~ ~ for c I t ~ l ~ . s~!spcctc~l,
s y ; t11:~t Iliz 111oLivc it) sct~ilii~,~
I;l~i- I:III~AW~ wns to cnrlse ua to I,? Innrc: strnit,ly ~mti ncvl,
:INII~ IIIO~Y:1w:~vily or11~~ees~i1. Wllcn tlic: :clr~LnssnJors fbri1111
11snt IiLcrty, tllc!y rcturncd to the cnlpcror.
iiftcr tllia c11111xssy vxs tlcl):~.~tc~l, tl~crc :lrriv~d n.t Acrc
nnotl~c~. ~IYIIII t!lc so1t:in of I?sn~:ixw to tlw 1;in;;. The
dt:~n coll~pl:~inctl, ill Iris Ictt,cr, of tl~c nrlmirnls of Egypt,
:for Itnving jll~t to t1cnll1 tlwi~. slilt:~~~, WIIO wns his cousin.
II!: oliirccl, if tl~o liing wonl~l nsqist 11inl nzninst tl;c~n, to
rlilivcr I I ~~ I I C ki~igrloni of dorrrs:~lenl, wliicl~ thy lrcltl.
r 1
ll~cIring rq~lierlto tllcse n.nilnssndors, tl~:~t if tlrry wnulcl
iciiri: to tllcir loilgings, wllidr 11,ztl bccn prep:~recl for tllelr~,
.tlicy sl~oultl s11ortly Imve an allsncl on l.11~ slil),jcct nn whiclt
tllc sultnn ot' 1fn)ll:~scus 11;~11 TTI~ ttcu to I~iui. l'o this they
coll;;cr~tcd; m~tl tlic king rosol~cil, in council, to send llis
:LiIswer by tllc :~1111);1~sntlors: Ont tll:~t tlwy s11nnJJ be actom-
1):uiiccl by a ~rronk, cnllcd F:~tl~cr Yvcs Ic Jlreton, who mns of
the o ~~lcr of Prcncl~ing F~~:LIR.
F:L~~IcL. YVCS W:ZS SCII~for, 2nd ~lcspn,lchcd tc the am-
I);~,ss:~dorsof tho s~lltn,~~, t,o my, tllc kin; 11:~d orrlered him
to accolnpnlly them to Darn:wns, to iufnm thC sliltnn nillnt
n8crc tl~e king's i~~tcntio~~s ~qwctin;: tbc Saracens. This
.I':it,llcr P'vcs did; Inlt I ~nwt rclatc a11 incident wl~ici~
1 IIU.L~ fro111 lri~n. OU ping fl*onl tho Iii~q's~CS~C~CIICU
1.0 tl~c lutl~jn~p of tl~e nnil~:~s~:~.dols, lie rnel R very 0!11
wolnnn in the strcct, II:LV~II,~ in I~er ri$t 11xntl :I, porri~tgcr
full of fire, nnil ill 11c.r lcft n pl~inl of \vntcr. F:ltl;c>r
Yvm nske~l, Wolii:~n, \vI~:lt art thou goin? t,o clo with
illis fire nr~d walcr nlliclr ;:IOII nrt cnrrying?" S!ICre~)lied,
thb with the fire sllc nir;licd to Llirl.1 l~arndise, nod will:
tl~c w,.tcr to tlr,ow~l I~cll, so tbnt tl~ere sl~oulcl LC ucvcr

was looking ff'orwartl iuto the fut!~rc, m~dlie I~opctl to rccovcr
the scp~ilcllre oi'o~~r Lord; but 11e tlicl not
Rrflrct how ev ~y human thin:
Hays pc:nrleut on a slender string.
T~retruce I~nvin,g l)ce~~ 1.c1111cctlto writing. and codirmed
by oaths on bl,tll sides, tl~e Iti~~g we~~t to Chyplias in the best
manner Ilc could, to take nictlicine and get !~i~~~self cured.
lv the incnntinie the Frencl~, who lint! 11een long enjoying
n 11olitl:~y nt Acre, -were getting rcady to return I~onle; Lut
tliougl~ they !I:LC! ve~ronwusly opposed tli~ truce, tlrcy now,
before 1Lb:~ving the country, wisl~erl to conlpletc tht:ir pilgrin~nge
, Ly visiting our Lord's se,pulcl~rc. Tl~c kin?, rcn~enibcring
tlreir br~cliwartlness tu nssist l~inr nt Joppa, as we hsve related,
nnrl also on rr!nny otl~er occnsions, sent nlcssengers to request
that ncitllcr S:~l:di nor Snpllatlin, his br~)tl~cr, mould allow
any one to visit, tile Holy Sepdchre who did not lirinx a passport
from either hiriisclf or Count ETcnry. Tl~c. F~~ncli were
~n~ich vese~! st this, nud foilccl of their object, soon ;~kcrmnrda
returned to tllcir own country, carrying l):~cl; ~lollli~lg with
them but tl~e reproncl~ of ingratitude. Tl~cking, Ilearing that
the grcnter 1):~l.tof ~III! l~rcnch who ditl tl~cir nt~~~nat tu tlef:unc
I~im were gone I~oulc, nntl tlrnt the moubhs of his slnndcrers
were stopped, c:~nsctl it to be :~unour~ccdby proclamntion,
tl~r~t wlmeve~~ wished niigl~t visit ou~.Lo~d's tomb, and bring
~ C I Ctl~ei~, oferin~rs to lrelp iil repniri~~g the rv:dls of Jopps.
TIIR l~eupls \vc~,c ow nrmyecl to visit Jcrusnle~nin three
cunil):~nieu, e:~cl~ ol' which was plxetl under :z sep:unte lender.
'l'he first was 11x1 11y An~lrcew tle Cl~nvegui ; the sccord by
Rnlplr Teissun; and the third by IIubert bishop of Snlisbury.
Tl~c frat culnlmny then a~lvanccr! under Andrew henring
letters froi11 t,he king. Eut, fur their sins, they fell into a

"Sire," rcplicll 1, "I know not wl~nf, thy inxy I~nw
reported to yw; L:I~ill I*I!;.;I.I~ t,o ~nysclf, if I tlr?~n:~ni n
guotl snlwy, 1 C:LIIIIO~ :1voi(l it ; f;~r you ICIIO\V, that ~11eliI
wiu nmlo prisoner on tl~cNile, I lost every thi~~g I linil,
csccpt wl~nt w:w on luy body, L~IICII cn~mot i~iai~~hin my
pcople on n littlc."
# ,
1 he king tllua :lsl;ed, how n111cl1 I wol~ld haw for the
s~~l~po~t of my co~~tl!:u~y n~~til next Eaqtel; which urns
ncnrly half :L year. 1naswcrcd, two thons:~nd lirres. "Now
tell n~e," ooutinud tl~c I~i~lg, 11;~ve you no knights 11e1.c
with yon ?" " Yes, sire, I rude Sir Peter tle Po~it~nolain
renni~r, who is the third under my lrxnncr ; and 80 costs ulc
four l~nntlreil liv~,cs." Tlrc kin,y, then reckoning on his
li~~~er:, said, " Yonr lrniKhts a d ~ncn-at-:~rtnstl~cn coy1
you twelve hundrccl livres." I then snicl, "Co~isiclcr, sire,
if I n~wt not require f'nll cigllt I~undrerl livrcs to cq~~ip
myself with hon;es nntl nrmoor, :mtl to provide s tablo f;,~.
my Iinights 4111til Eastn~,." Tho king thcn told hiu coul~cil

sn:rre on the journey : for when they ~.cncllcd thc Plain of
Ra~nul:~, they ky comwn col~scllt (.los~~ntcl~cJ. ntcsscllgcm
to inforln S:iI:llLln LIliLt they wcre co~ning wit11 letters fi.olll
Kine Ricll:rrd, rind t11:~t thy wisl~cd to 11:~vea safe-con~lllct,
P
~OIIIIII~ and going. 'Ute Incsseugers wc:rc: ~lol)lc n1c11, allc[
e~~ergctic in cl~a~nctcr, b~tton this oc;c;wion they well nigll it:cur~-cclLlle
cl~aryc of ~~cdccting tl~oir tlu ty ; tl~cir Ilnllies were
Willi;~~n Jes Ilwlres, ?iimrd (le Tol~r~~ev:J, ar~d Peter de
Prntdlcs. J13e11 hey c:Lnle to " the Tower of the Soldiers,"
thcy I~:dtc(l tl~crc 1.0 proc~~rc tllc :~utlmrity cd S:~pl~:djn fur
pro~wdi~l; f!irll~cr ; hut Lllei-e tl~ay full ;deulr, :~nd slept tiil
sunset, nntl fuud on awsl;i~~g tl~at all the pilg~,i~~~s, on wllosc
bcldt' tllc!y cule, l~sd p:~.*stld by and wcre gone on bcfore
tl~cm. Tl~c wlrole I ~ I ~ I I ~ C I crossed * tl~c plai~ls mil werc appn~:xhin::
the bills, whan Andrew tle CI~:lvc,g~~i i111(1 t.hc I-eet,
looking bchintl ~ltc~n, saw their own nlesscngcrs counit~,g after
.tllcnt LS t'fnst as t.l~ey were nblc. Seeiug Ibis, thy Ilnlted in
I I I I ~ Ialarm, cu~~sir.lering tl~:~t tlley were in pent tlnager of
I)eiilg p~tt tO ilci~th, for the arniy of thc 1'1~~1,s I~nd nut yet
depwtetl, 2nd tllcii- messengers, who ou,+t to Itavo I ~ J L I B ~ I ~
bwk for tl~ent a. mfe-co~~cluct f'1.0111 the Snr:~cens, were IIOV
behind theut. Wllen therefore these cmlc up, tl~c ot11el.s
blamcl them For their ncglect, nncl told tllen~ oncc more to take
linste on behm, :~nddo as they 11:1d been inst~vctecl. Tlte
messerlgcrs we:~t on with nll speed to ,Jcrusnlent, and found
aboul 2,000 Turks, or more, ctlci~n~pcd witl~out the city.
r 3
llley inq~~iretl for Sapl~:~rlilt, ~IIJ wl~en they lml ful~nc! Iti~n,
they esplzincd wI1:rt hncl b:~p~merl, :IIILI IP, rcbuki~lg them
SIIIIL~LIY, s:~id it was evidel~t that they did not value tllcir
lives n rr~sl~, 2s thy I~ail come into the ~niddle of n hostile
nlwy withoul pasport or sitfeguwd of my kind. It mnz now
s~~aact, and Lhc other pilpi~ns came up, not Iinowi~tg what they
augl~to do, an11 11avi11g no ams to tlefellcl thelnselves. Tlio
T1.1rks grin~~erl and frowned on them cu; they pnssetl, nntl it was
~nnnif'eatby tlwir lools .ivl~:~t en111it.y they I~a.rbou~wl in their
I~earts, for the ~LCCis after the index of the ~nind; and our
me11 at tltnt nion~cnt were so confo~tndcti th:~t they wisllcd
tllc~nsc!vcs lrack n,gnir~ st Tym, or cvcn Acre, wl~icl~ they 11d
jl~st left. Thus thcy pnwctl the sight, near n certain momtr~in,
in a state of gre:tt alnrnl.
1
.

I~nd tlrrrs ordercd Ilirn, and 1il;cwiw to invoke the n:mc of
Got1 z,nd thc sic1 of his Iloly Spirit, wl~encvcr 110 was :LI)OII~
to ~nnlien, ~pcecll. Hc then conLi~l~lcd : L'B"yloi~ls,I fed
equally Lhnnlrfrrl to tliose nrho 1 1 ~ ~ 1ndvised 3 our return to
Prance ns to thoso who Iravc rccolnn~ended onr stay liere.
But, sincc I: last saw you, I lrnvc Sully consiclered this inattcr,
\ nud Lclicve, that should we sanlni~l Iwc, my Ling~lonl mill not
the sooner be in grcst dangcr from it; for my lady-mother the
queen 11as a sntficiency of men-at-arms to clefend it. 1have
thought mnch on what the lrnigbts of this countrysay, that if
1 clel~nrt, the liingdon~ of Jcr11.s~lcm will be lost, sincc: no one
will remain here after me. Now, my lords, linving told illy
resolution, let such sped< out boldly who wish to renrnin with
me ; nnd I promise to give thciu e~l~olun~ents, that the fidt
sllnll not Lc minc but thcir own, if they do not ren~niu.
Those that may not cl~oosc to slny, Got1 bc with tl~en~."
TVhen tho king hnd done speaking, several wcrc ns if
tliu~~derstrucli, a d 11eo:nn to weep bitterly. Aftcr the Iting
h d declercd his rcsolr~tiot~, he gnvc pe~wission to his b~utl~crs
to return to Prnncc ; but I Imow not if Ile did this arttheir
rc~lwsts, or nlrctl~el* it was tllc will of the Iring. TIiis passed
nlmrrt St, dohn Baptist's day.
Sl~ortly after the dcpnrture of Iris brothers for Prance, the
Iring mns i~nptiento lcnrn wllat succcss those who hnJ stayed
witlr l~im La11 met with in rec~miting his men-at-anm. 0:1
the fcnst-d;~y of St. Jnn~er-i, wllosc pilgriin I \rw, for thc ~nnni-
Sold kincl~~css he lrnd shcwn mc, the kiq, nftcr mass, rctircd
to I~isclr;l1111~cr, arid c:rllctl to 11il11 thc cl,i~fs 01 his co1111ci1,
nnniely, Sir Peter thc cll;~~nbcrlnin, who was the nmt loynl
nnd upright nlnn I ever mv uf the king's houscl~oltl, thnt
good knight Sir Gcoil'ry cle Scrgincs, thc discrcet f'ir Gilcs le
Unm, nncl otl~ers, ::Ilnong WIIOLU \\'a3 tlrat prudent man, to
wl~oni the king, after the tlmth of Sir liyrnbert clc I3cnr!jcu,
11nd givcn the co~.&tnble's swo~d. He ~~~lictl tlicrn dnt nu111-
Berv and sort of men tlmy 1r:ul eollcctcrl for the reinrorccnlcnt
of his unly, :cnd with ww:~rn~t,li ~olrtil~~~cd,--" YOU know that
it is about a month since I have tlcolnrccl n y intention to st.n.y
* Peter ue Nemours, 01. de ViHe-Beon, cllamberlain of Pmnce, under
tho reign of St. Louis, whom hc nccompunied in his espeditioll to Tunis.
itnd died there. He wns buried at the king's fect, iu the abbey of St.
Denis.
2112

Trra nest thy ccrtain of lhe %'ulks nll~>~i~cd !dore hhdin,
:lot1 carncetly entrcat.cd of I~im tht tl~oy 111ig11t GC alloweJ
to take vel!genncc on tlie C11risti:~ns who were IIOW in tlicir
power, for the tle;ttl~ of their friciids, H~.tllcrs, OroLl~~rs, soils,
an11 relations wl~o liatl hen slain, first at Acre, and nhrwards
at otl~er plnccs, iiow, as they said, t.l~:~t they Ii:~t1 NO
good an oplmrtnnity. S;~I:ulin sen1 for the Tnrltirrh cl~icfr tc
co~ls~il t al)ont tliis I.CI~IIO~~: mr1 i\Jvstot:, S:l!rl~:ulin, Thdri11i11
n.ric1 Durtlerin were speedily in nttcnrlance. 1Vl1o1i tile snl),jcct
WLS ~~lnoecl bcfwe t1ie111, it w:~stl~cir unonin~or~s opi~~io~~ tlli~t
tlie (>l~ristifi,ils SIIOLIIII 11:~ve Icave to come nntl go, willlout
~II~III-Y or l~inrlernncc. '' For,'' mid they to Sd:~tli~i,ib '* ~o111cl
bc ;r deep stxi11 11p011 our ~IOIIOII~, if 1110 t~mty w1iit:li 1i:rs Lcen
macle bctvvcen you nntl IIIC I

Pouhin,' and I told by my cousin Sir Peter #Av:rllon,
that 1 w:m cdlccl Poulain, hecause 1 11nd actvised tllc lijn,v to
renxtin with the Ponlains. Tliis informntion he. gave me, ethst
I might dcfcnd mydf against those who sl~ouldcnll llle so,
:bud tell tlleln tll:~t I would rather Lo n Poalnin tljnll sucll
rccrwnt Bnights as themse1vcs:t-
OIIthe Snndny wwe all again assemblcd in tl~epresence of
tllc I~i~lg, wl~obcg:~nby signing himself with the croes, sayillm
b
tllnt it was fro111tile iustructionu of his mother hc did so, n,bo
* Poonlaiz,-a child born af an Europn mother by a Syrian fatller.-
Gloss. to Louvre edit. The author of the Life of Louis le Gros explains
the force of this word in his 24th drapter, as follows : " Pullaui
dicuntur, qui de pntre Syriano et matre Francigeno generantur."
It is 1)robable that Fro~lchmen gave this name to such as had sprung
from these irreplar connectio~ls, 11c-cause they resenlbled young wild colts,
that could not be caught. During the time the French possessetl tl~e en)pim
of Constnlitinople, ticy wiled Gasmoules (hupovXorj those br~r11
Tram a French man and Greek woman ; or more probably Gastemoulcs,
by way of derision ; as if such children by these irregular marriages, on
account of the difference of nations, and even religions, hod in some sort
sullied aud debased the womb of their motl~ers, wlrich is tlre rnor~ld
wherein clrildren are formed. Tl~us in Antioch, the issue of Arrncni;~n
or Greek inh~bitants of that town by Turliisl~ women were called
Twcali.
1- That is to say, one who owned himself conquered, for that is the
mea~~ing of tile word recreu, which is taken Trom the usqe of doelli~~~.
When one of the combatuntr waa overpowerctl hy his aclvcr~ary, and coltfessed
himself unable to continue the fight lonq~r, he owned that he wus.
rccreaut or recrue; that is, thnt Ile was esl~aus~c~l, and could do no more,
and confessed lli~n~elf vnncluishcd. * '': " 111 those parts of the MS.
Assizes of tile I

sooner g~xtify their ~lcsirc of ssloting the 1301y Sepulcllre.
Jforeuvcr, RS t11osc hol.sernen who bad gone before told us,
Salndi~~;~llvwdtllcnl to see a d ltiss the trnc Cross of our
Lord, wllich for~nedy hntl been carried to hattlc. But we
wllo were on foot, and c:me in the last, saw what we conltl,
viz. :in thc first l~lacewt? saw our Lord's monument, where
oblations were nlncle : but, as Lhc S:LI:LI:~IIS took these :LIV;L;Y,
wc did not ofw mucli, but gnvc pnrt to the French x~ld
Pyri:ui slsvcs, wliom we there s:nv in sc.rvitndc, labouring in
tho dutics ,~sslguetl to thcm. From tlmce we procecdetl to
Monut Calvary, WIIP~Cour J,od wns cr~cif~cl, nnd where
there wns 3 stone in sl~ich our Lorcl's cross Il:icl bwn fixed in
Golgotlis. When we had kissed this wi 111 reverence, we proceeded
to the chnrch built on Monnt Sion, on tl~c left side of
which was tlle p'laco froln whiel~ Mary, the Holy inother of
God, pscd froin tliis wodcl to the IWw. This spot we
saluted with bars running clown our cl~ecks, and thcn I~nstenrtl
to see tho holy table at which Cll~%t condescencled to cat
breatl. Tbis also we I

* Boihontl V., prince of A~ttioch,and coulll: of ?'~,ipolg,who died in
the Fear 1261.
2 e

1
Crl. XXX1V.-Of 171~third conrpny of pilqriiws, led hy HnLol bY~dlrr,
jirYhup IJJSali~hury,10 IO~UTNSalnrlin shnued much hunorcr, ulld
y,.aalrd every thiwj Ao nskrclJLr.
TIIE tl~ird COIII~~Y, I d by ;l~c I~isllop of Salisbury, was
now not far from J'orns:~lc~l~, and Ssladitr sent out his peol~le
to rewive the bishop honournbly, and to conduct him
whercvcr Ile plensc~l, to visit the lwly places, itloreorvr, in
acltnowleclgn~e~~ of his yrdcnt and ho~~ournble clm.acter,
aucl his other n~erits, which had long bcfore becn known to
S:ll~dil~, Ile was reqllestecl to tilh up his resiclencr. iu the
sultan's palace, anti to LC ex~lwli~i~~ed i1.t his OX~L.IIS(:'. The
bishop refused, snying, "By no means, for we are but pilgri~ns."
Salndin cnjoinecl his servants to SII~JVevery attention to the
bisllop and his men, nnd sent. him nlany presents ; afterwnr&,
nlso, 110 invited them to &:I interview, that he might behold his
mnnller :~nd deport,~nent, and he nllowecl him to have a sight
or tile Holy Cross ; and they sat and conversed together a
long tin~e. Snlntlin, therefore, al~ad 11in1 about the killg of
Ellgl%ndd, and wl~at tl~e Chriutin~~u said of his Sn.mcens. To
wIaic11 the bishop replied, "In truth, as concerns my lord the
king, I will only say .ywl~;~t justice denlands, that he 11ns no
equ:l.I among dl the Iwigl~ts in the world, either for valour
or for liberality in giving; for he is in every thing disti~~~uisl~ed
for eXrery excellent c1u;dity. In short, my lord, in
my Ilnmble opinion, if any one, bating your n~njesty's gins,
wcre to bring your virtues into compnrison with tl~ose of
King Ricl~nrd, n.nd were to take both of you togctller, there
wonlcl not be two utlier men in tl~c world that conld compete
with you." Saladin listened patiently to the bishop, a.nd at
last rrplied, '' I have long since becn awnre that your king is a,
nlnn of the gl-atest honour and brwery, but he is imprndent,
not to say fvolisllly so, in tl~rnsting liirnself so frequently into
tinngcl; :~nd shws too grcirt recklessness of his own life.
Fur my own put, of however large territories I might be
the Icing, 1 would rther have abundance of wealth, with
wisclorn and n~oderntion, than display i~nlnoderate vnlour
anti r:lsl~nc:s." The conversatiou then took a familiar turn
betwccn the two, and S:~ladin told the bishop to ask for
any thing 11c liked, s~ld it should be given 11i1n. l'lm bishop
ill rcply, :~slted if Ile 111ig1it haw until the liest thy to con-
~idcr ivl~rl 11e sl~oulil a&. IYl~icli biup panted, 11a tllco

* I Ibclieve this to be tho same w1:osc nnnlc: nppews in the c.wt111nl.y of
the 1~islwl)ricof ?:Iris, wilerein he is nw~tioi~cd ;as doing 11u111clgc to that
see, in the ye;w L?ti:(, for his lordsl~ipor Pierre F'itz.

Tlrn ~~coplel~lnd now completed the pi1grim:~ge to wlrich
t,l~cy l ~ tlcvottxl d tllemselvcs, nn(1 prepmi~~p llleir flect to
rctnrn ~IVIIIC, thy spread tl~eirsa.ils to t.lx winds. and COIIImit.tctl
tile111~clvc3s to their ships. Tl~c Rect. speedily set mil,
nncl tile el~ip~vcre \rnft,etl in different directio~ls, sccortliiy to
t,lrr! r:~ricty of 1,119winth. For n long time they were toswi
nl~n~~t, on !IIC W:LVIY, :IIII~ some of tlicr~~ ~~enclic~l &&rent ports
in s:~fct.y;otlrcrs wcre driven about, and in clnnqer of lvin;;
s11i~)n~rccl~etl ; trtl~cl-s, :lpin, died on tlreir voyage, and foi~ntl
their gr:ave in the clelrtlls of tlle occnn; otl~ere also wcrc
seiml wi tl~ inct~~illlo clisa:~scs, and never recovered or ~~ctl~rncrl
to tlwir own COII!I try. Others, moreover, who en0 urerl in
snhty f.3 the mcl, t,I~rtrupl~ tllc loss of their Jhthers, brotl~ers.
rclnticl~~s, an11 fricrld.:, wlrn llarl perislled of disease or by bl~c
sword, :rrc: 1)c.lievctl t.o I~a.ve ~n1111rcd s sevcre specics of m:wtyldorn,
nntl tlivclw p~ssionspierced thcir brenst,s ns wish a
s\\ord. 17.11c:11, in hid own wny, we ui~rst admit it, cntlurcll :I
kind of n~:wt.y,r~lo~n ; cvery one, in sllort, nf those, who with
si 1n11lr :Inti t1cvir11L 11c:rrl;s ]lad exposed t,lre~nrclves for the
lovr! of Got1 to tl~i:; llistnnt pilgrim:~.~e. Sonic, Iwwver,
ivith Ioq~~a(:in~:s g-:~lwlity, mcrc ncc~~st,onletlxfter\vards to
oou~plnin t.llnt tl~c pil:~ilrls I1:d done little gond in tl~c Inn11 of
cJcru~nlem, bernusr they 111111 not freer1 the city ; but th~y did
not laow what they were saying, for they wer9 i~~qriiring

city came out in gmntl processiot~ to rncct hint on tl~c sen-shore,
aittl rcccived him with much joy. Suon sl'ter, the king sent
for me, and expressly coinrnnr~clcd nle, as I valucd his low,
to cornu and eat with him t~~ornin-and evcning, nrttil he
sllonltl tlctcrminc whether to rctnrn to France or to remain
tLcre.
I war-;lodged with ll~c rcctor of Acrc, for tLc1.c: tile bishop
llnd Rscd ~ttyresidcncc, nncl was ntost gricvonsly ill. Of all
nly servants, therc was but one t11n.t ~ 3 not s continet1 to bis
bcJ wit11 siclrncss likc myself; nor 11ncl 1any to cumf0r.t me,
by ouce on'cring me sontething to driul;. The more tu cnliveli
me, I saw daily pass nly wiuduw twc~ity corpses for burial;
artel wlien I hcnrd tl~e chant, " Libera Ine Domiuc," I shd
Rou~ls of tears, ancl cried out to Goel t1:n.h hc woultl mercif~tlly
save nle artcl my household from tic peslilencr, tlint then
r~~getl. And this 11e did.
Not long after thc king's arrival at Acre hc summoned his.
brothcrs, and all the otllcr nobles, nu a certain Su~~tloy, mil,
when nssembled, he addrcssc~l tl~enx: 'L iY1.y lords, I have
callcd you t,ogcther, to give yoit son~c news ft.orn F'muue. In
truth, lny lady-n-iother, tl~c cluccn, li:~ set~t fur rile, and it is
necesuary tllat I returu with the ut.most hxt~, for my kinpdom
is iu great d:~t~,qcr, itnst~tuclis.s iherc cxis:5 aeitl~cr pcnce
nor trnce with the king of Eng1:cild. l'he people here wish
to detnin me, nssuriug nlc that if I Jcp:irt their country will
be destroyed, ancl insist on following me. I beg you will
mntnrcly consider whxt I haxe said, and give me yonr opinions
within ci::l~t clays."
On the Sunday following, wc all prrwutcd onrsc:lve.s beforo
the king to give him our opinions, as he llncl ch:~ged us,
wl~cther Ilc should dcp~art or sL3.y. Sir Guion de M~lvoisin
WM our spoliesntn,n, 2nd said, " Sire, my lords your brothers,
and the other nobles now pwscnt, have flully comiderctl your
sihn:btinn, rind they are of opinion, lint you cannot remain
longcr in this courttry wit11 honou~~ to yonrself or profit tn
your king don^. For, in thc first plnce, of ;dl he 1aight.s
whom you led bo Cyprus, an~ou~~t.ing to 2,800, not ouc
Itundretl remain. Secondly, you hare not any 11,~bitation in
this country, nor linvc you;. amy any money; for thcse
~ISOIIY, which we Iuve maturcly wcigl~ct!, we unnrtimously
advise that you returr to France to reinforce yourself with

CH. ?(XSVI.-How llrc kb:g, B:~%rr ycltiny sd,j%r lionrr), e,rclrt~n,pl
nohlc 1'r~rkiukcaplhcs,jbr Il'illiarrc. rlr PI~IIIcIIP.~, ~ h had o ,w..wed
himse~loBe coplicsed lo snlrc Ihc ki:11/,sqirq lhnl hi0h~e~u;ns Melech.
* Such mny be the opinion of Geoffrey de Vinsnuf, n narrow-minded
priest of the twelfth centnry ; hut every liberal-minded nnd enli+tcned
mnn will believe, and puobably no one knew it better than the noble
Kirlg Richrd, tliilt his es~nt~henn odd lmve been for cver dishonoured,
if he ]lad lalt the Holy Lard without redeemins from slavery Llle noblr?
kniabt: who llutl sacriticed hilnself for his sovereign.--See Uook ii. c. 20.

of my pny, nnd ~cfusetl to give it me ; and tile Icing ortlcred
the 400 livres to LR instantly ~ uidmc, to my great joy, for I
did not possczs n, singie farthing.
When 1 h d rwcivcd my money, Sir Peter de BOuI.bwinne
;rdvisr!d mr: to Itecl~ only furty livrrs for lily espcnscs,
ant[ to givc the rm:~inder to the governor of tllc paliLce of
tho TCIII~IL~S to I~CC~J for me, whicl~ I willingly clitl. I-Iaving
spent the forty livrcs, I scnt for 39 ~LICIImorc; but tllis
governor b;dc tlrcn~ tcll mc, that he had not any n~ollry of
~ninc, and, whet was worse, that he did not Itnow me.
On tl~c rcccipt of tIlis answcr, I wcnt to the ITIW~CP
thc Telnpinr.~, wllusc nunc was Pntl~er Regnnut de VicLicrs,
to wl1o111 I cnrried intclligcnce of the king, and then told him
the trentment I llncl lncl with, anJ. complained to him of tile
governor of the pnlncc, for not. rcstori~~g to me the money I
had entrr~stcd to Iris cnrc. But I had no sooner ended, tll;ul
he flew into a vi~lcnt passion, and said, 'Lord de Joinville,
1 love you vory ~nuch, but 1shall cease doing so, if you hold
such I;ingungc, for it seems to be insinuated, by what you
complain of, that our brtitherl~oocl we dl thieves.' I rcplied,that
so far froln being silent, I would lndx the matter public, for
that I was in such mmt of my money 1had not a pcnny to
support me, and, without a word Inore, left him.
I can asswe you I was during four days in the utmost
uuensiness abo~lt my money, and lmnw not to what mint to
make my vows, to recover it. Thcse Cow days I did nothing
but rrm abont, scc!ting n~cous to regain it. On the fifth the
mmtcr of the 'L'crnpl;ws nccostecl me with a smile, and t.01~1
me he had found n~y money, and inshntly pve me tlln
amount, to my gent joy, ns I was in very great need of it;
and I took good CIZI.~, iu future, not to trouble these monlru
with the Iteeping 01 my cnel.~."]
At tl~is place I must mldc somc great persecutions and
evils that bcfe1 lne when : ~tlicre, but from which thosc two,
in whonl I 11:ltl my whole confidence, our Lord God and the
b!cssrd Virgin Mary, relicved me. This I say as an enconrixe~neutto
.snc11 i ~s niay read my book, to have a perfect
confidence in God, :LII~ pnticnce in their nclversities and tribula(;ions,
wl~cn he will sic1 them, ns he has done me, many
and many times.
On the king's asrird b&rc Acre, the inl~abitants of that

EVERYtl~ingwas now settled, and the kin:: was slrcdy
on the point of c~nl)nrliing, who detcrminil~~ before Ile went, it,
~c..avvenotl~i~~,~ bcl~ind l~i~n tl~i~t rnigl~t (letrzct t'ron~ Ilis l ~ o ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ,
110 ortleral proc1;~mation to be mntle tlmt it11 who 11:~tl
claims on hiu~shoald come forward, and tllnt all his delJts
~llould be paid hdy, :lnd 11101'0 t11:tn fully, to avoit1 all occnsio~~
nftcrwnrds of detraction or con~plni~it. Wllnt sigIls
:I.IK~ tc;m wcre llrcre when the royal fled nv+l~rll t~ncl~or!
A blc~ning was involied on tl~c king's rnnnp :~ctuof benevolencc,
his virtucs nntl his Isrgcsses wcra set fortl~, and
thc numerous csccllencc?s combined in one nlnn. IIow
t,l~en did the 1:uncnt:rtions of all resound as they exclaimed,
" 0 Jcru~nlen~, lxrcft now of every snccour ! How lrnst t11o11
lost thy clcfcnder! Wllo will protect the, should tl~e trucc
I)G brolren, now that Ring Ric11a1.d is dcpartccl?" Sllcl~
were the words of ew11, wllcil the kiq, whose lrcnltl~ wns not
yet fully re-eshllished, nod who was the subjcct of dl tl~eir
anxious wishcs, wcnt on bonrcl nncl set mil. All night tl~t:
ship mn on Ircr n7ny by the light of tlw shr~, nod WII~II
inorning clawnccl, tl~c king looked bdi wit11 ycnr~~ir~g eycs
upon tho I:md wllich he II:LI~ left, and nftcr long n~etlitation, he
prayed aloud, in the I~cnringof sevcral, in time worcls,
'' 0 lloly bud, I colnmencl thco to God, :~nd if his Im~vcnly
gmce sh:111 grnnt IIIC so long to live, that I may, in his
pod ple:uure, :tfl;)nl thee :Gstnnce, I hop, 3:;I propose,
I,e nble to be sowe d:~y LL suceonr to thcc." '\Vith tl~eso
words 110 ugccl the snilors to sl)rcztl tl~cir canvass to the
winds, that thcy might the sooner cross orcr tl~e cspmlse of'
sca that lay LLoforo tl~o~n ; ignomnt indccil of the trib~llntions
and sorrows tht aawni1;ed him, and the cnl;~l~~itics tljat he
WLS to suffer from the tr~~licry t.ht 11nd long bcfore
been transmitter1 to E'KIII~C,by which it was contrived
that he shonlcl be wickctlly tltrown into prison, though IIC
justly suspected no sue11 cvil in the servicc of (:MI, nntl
'in so laborious a pi1gri111;p. 0 horn uncqunlly was he
recompensed for his exertions in tl~c comlnon cnnse! His
inheritance was scizccl by another, 1Js cnrjtles in Normnl~dy
were unjustly hlicil, his rivals nlnrle crncl ms:1111ts upon his

much difficulty I mas led to the king's Ilonse. I remained
sonic tirnn at a window withont nny one taking the lcnst
not.ice of me, and of all those wlwm I l~sd broughl; to Egypt
I lml op'y witli me, n young hoy, called Bartholomcw, the
bnst,nrtl-son of tlic lord An16 dc Montbellial; lord of Montfmcon,
of whom I Ilave beforc spolien.
"As I was there waiting, n youth ozme to me ilressetl in
scarlet striped witli yellow, and, 11wi11g saluted me, asked if
I did uot know him. On my mying I did uot, Ilc told me he
mx 3 native of Clrmteau-Dcscler, tlmt belongccl to my uiicl~.
IIe nslted if I would take him into iny scrvicej for 110acn.c;wit.11oot
n master. This I readily agreed to, and rctsincd him as my
vnrlct. He soon after brought me clcsn coifes, and conibcd my
linir exceedingly well. At this timc, the Iring scnt for Inc to
conle to dinner; I went, attended by my new varlet, who
cnrvcd beforc me, nld found means to get a. sufficic~lcy for
hi~nsclf nnd t,llc young boy.
" After the dinner this varlet, wllose name nrx Cruille~nin,
obtai~~edfur me a loJyi~rg w:tr the baths, tlrat I might was11
and clcan myself from thc lilt11 I l~ncl pined in prison.
1 Towards eveaiug, he put rnc into a bath ; b ~ 1 tlid
no sooner
ellterecl it than I a.,qain hinted and fell backwnrtls in the
water, so that with nlucl~ trouble thy drew mc out dive, aacl
carried me to my cllamber. Yon must lalow, tlrst I had
only a poor jncket for my drcss, nor nny moncy in rny
podxt to 1)ny better clothing, or to snpport me in my illncss.
,
.Il~isnn'ected
,
me very mucli, nntl I snnbretl more fronl tlic extre111c
indigence I was in? tllau froni tl~c pains of my clisortler.
I " As I W:W in this distre,~s, most fortunntcly n linigllt carne
to visit me, whosc name was Sir Peter dc Bonrbminne, and
seeing my rnisera.ble state, hc cu~nfortcd nic to tl~c best of Iris
power, and caused clot11 to LC given Ine to ncw-dress myself,
by a merchant o Acre, to whom lie gave his own security for
tl~c due paynient.
" At the end of tllrec (lays, when I was somewhat better
and stronpr, I wcnt to the liinr, who blamed me much for
11nvin~bccn so long :tl)scnt, nntl cllwged mc, ss I vnluacl his
love, not to hi1 pnrt~king of his n~enls niorning and evening,
until Ile s11o11ld detcr~rliuc to rcninin there, or rcturn to
Frn~~ce. Wbile with tl~c Iii~lg, I co~npl:rinecl to him of
the lord Petcr de C!ource~~ny,who owed rile 400 livre~

i;hts witbout provocation, and Ire only c!scn.pecl Imnl mptiuity
Ily paying a, ransom to tllc elnperor of Germany. To g:~tllt!l'
IIre ulorlcy lor his r:Lnsom, the tnscs were r:iised 1x1 the
r~ttelmost; a largc collection \KL. lcviccl rlprm dl his
I:inc), :%lid cvcry thillg w:l.s distracted ; for tl~c cl~alicc.~
:~ml I~nllowccl vrw:Ia of gold ar~cl silver were gnt.llerci1 ~IWIII
tAc ~IIIITC~ICP, a1111 the ~normteries were obliged to &I
witllorrt their utc~~sils ; neither n-ns this nnlawf~~l DCCOL'J~IIS lo
the decrees of the l~oly htllers, nay, it was even n, 111:~ttcr
of ncccssity, i~rni~nr~ch 3s uv .s:~illt, n!my tl10ug11 the LC,
over during lil'c sufl'crccl so n~uch fov tl~e Lord ri Kin;
Riclmrd in his cnplivity in Austria. nntl in Cic~rnnny. ilc
w110 hnd pined so many triulnpl~s over thc Turks WI*
11efario11,sly circr~rrwentetl by tile L~cthrcr~ of his o w fi~itll,
nnd scizcd by t l ~ who c ~ ~ ngrcld nit11 11iru in ria111e 011ly RS
members of tllc ctw11 of Christ. Al:q l~om mnch mow are
secrct marts to be t'earccl tllnu (;pen clisconl, eccorclirr; to
. . the ~rovcd~. '' It is cnsicr to n.voi11 :L llostile tl~nri :I ~~~~~~citfnl
man." 011, sl~ilnieLo it s:d, tlizt 011e wlion~ IIO .~.:I\.CI.S:~I.~
coi~ltl resist,, nor the whole forcc of S:~ladirr eo~ild coIrr[uw,
was now scizcd by an ignoble pcople, n~~tl 1;c:pt n 17ri~~m~r
in Gerlnilny. 011,llow ~minflll iu it for tllosc who Imvo Lco11
rlurturecl in liberty, to be placed ne the I~ccli of :~~~oll~cr ! 1311t
out of that captivity, by God's usu:~l IIIL'I~CY,his OKII zclirit,~,
and tllc C:WC of his faitl~fr~l servants, 111: nrnu nt Icngth set
nt liberty for 3 Inrgc sn~n 01' nlouey, ~JCC:LIIS~IIC wa.9 k;no~r~
to bo a n m of greilt power. At last restorcd to his ~~xt.i\je
soil nntl thc lci~~~qtlorn of his ar~ccst~)ra, iu n shrt tirnc IIO
restorctl dl to tsa,~qnillit~y. IIc LIICII crossed owr in:o
Normandy, to avcnge l~in~sclf 1x1 the wanton n~gressions of
the king of Frarlco, Iris rival; :wd wl~enhe 11:ltl Inorc tl~n~r
once defclatccl II~III,11e powerl~~lly rcr.ovcrcil with sword :LIII\
spear his nlicuate~l rights, wall with nug~nent:rtior~.

him ; tllg were of a b1;iclc silken stuft', Ii~ed with scluiwel
skinq with a number of goldell buttons.
IVhile we wcrc on oui' voyage to Acre, on account of illncss,
I way n1vr:~ys smtecl new the Itiug ; and it W;L~ tIlnn Ile
ralatetl to me 110s he 11d bcnn hlion,and bow, tl~rough the rrill
of God, he hnd ncco~nplished his own imsom and ours. I
wns likewise obliged to tell him how I had been captured on
thc river, ant1 how o S~moenhad saved my life. The liing
snid, I ought to feel myself under the grentcst obligntions to
our Lord, who 11x1 deliverccl nle from such i~nminnnt dnngers.
At times, the good ant1 Idy liing bcsmiletl biticrly the death
of his brotl~er tl~c count d'Artois.
I-le one thy iinqr~ircd wllnt his brother the cvnnt d'dlljou
was doing, and colnplnined, that notwitllstsncling they were
ill the same galley, he uover once thought of being in his
company a single day. FVL~IIthe king was told that he was
playj~g at tnbles>vith Sir Waltcr de Nemours, he arose
I~nstdy,though from his serere illness lie coulcl scarcely stnud,
nnd wrnt shgqcring to where they wcro nt play, when, seizing
the dice and tables, he fluug then^ into the sea, and was in n
violent psssion with his brother for so 80011 thinking of thus
amusing hiinself by gnn~ing, forgetful of the death of his
brotller the count d'Artois, 2nd of the great perils from which
the Lord had delivered them. Bot Sir Walter de &emours
surered n~ost, for the king flnng all the monoy that lt~yon the
tables after them into the sea.
[After these words, the Poitiers edition contains 3 whole
cl~apter, which is wanting in the edition of Menwd, in the
following terms :­
" Wllen we m~ived before Acre, the citizens came out to
lnect tlic king as far ns the shore with grand processions. and
reccivecl him joyf~dly.
I ntkmpted to nlou~lt the palfrey illat ha1 been brought
for me from tl~c town ; but 1ww uo sooner mounted than I
finted, rind shoolil have fallen to the ground had it not been
for him who br011ght the horse, who held 111e tight, 2nd with
* Among the orders hid down for the more regular discipline that wns
to he observed in these espeditio~~s to the Holy Land, all ploying with
dice was ~.trictly forbidden : " Sttlt~dnm est etinm, ut ~ullus ?normiter
juret, ttt (pod nullus ad nlcas, vel ad decios ludut." I11 William de
Neubourg, 1. 3. ch. 23.

wlm she ost herself out of bed on her lcnccs Lcforc him, and
req~~cshd that IIQ would gnnt her a boon. The knight, with
nn onth, promisccl c,ompliance. Thc quecn tllcn mid, "Sir
knight, I request, on tl~c oath you I~nve sworu, that shonltl
t h ~S:~racens storm this town and take it, you will cut off my
hcnd before tliey saizc 111y person." The Ic~~igl~t rcpliccl, that
r he would cheerfully so do, and tl~nt he lid bcforc thought of
it, incase such nn event sl~oulcl happen.
The queen was, shortly after, dclivc~d of n son in the
town of Damictta, whose nuuc wns Jol~n, sntl lis ~ulna~na
r,. '
I r~stan," hecause he had been born in n~i:ccry and poverty.
The d;~y she was brought to bccl it wns told Iicr, that the
Tisans, the Geuoese, and all the poorer commonnlty tl~at
were in the town, were about to fly and lcave the king.
The qucen sent for them, and addressed tl~e~n,-"Gentleulcn,
I bog of you, for the Iovc of God, that you will not
think of quitting this town ; for you well Icnow if you do,
th:~t my lord the kinq, and his whole nrmy, will be ruined.
At le:~si,if sucl~ be your hod deter~nination, bnve pity on this
wretched person who now lies in pnin, and wait until 8he be
recovered, before you put it into execution.
They answered, they could not twnnin lougcr in e town
where thcy were dying of hunger. She ssqitl, they should
ncver die of hunger; for that she would buy up a11 the
provision tliat was in the plncc, and rctnin it I~cnceforward
in the nmnc of the king. This she was obligccl to do ; and
all thc provision that could bc found WLLYbougl~t up, which,
on her recovery a little tima aftcr, cost l~cr npwsrds of
three hundred ai~d sixty thoussucl livres to rccd tbcsc people.
Notwitl~stnnding this, the good lady was forcctl to rise before
she was perfectly recovered, and set out for the city of Acre,
for Dzrnietta was to be surrcndcrcd to the Turks and
Snmcens.
It should be known, tht although the king had suffered
sr~ch n variety of woes, his attendants, when lie embarl;ed,
htl not made any preparations for him on board, such as
robes, l)ccl, bedding, and other necessary thinp. Ho was
thus ford, for six days, to slccp on mattrcsscs, until we
arrived st Acre. The king had not any other 1i;~biliments
but two robcs wllicl~ the sultnn llocl causctl to bc made for
Wristan died in 1270, at Tunis, aged tweuty years.

LOUIS 1X. KING .OF FltAKCE,

was the childr~n of the namc of tile sultan of Egypt,
who l~ad beeu mudere~l, that seut him tl& gift.
r 7
lhc kin:., 11cnri11g the Swacou ncldress lrim in ~l.ollcl,,
asked. himmllcrc IN 11nd ienrnt it. He replied, t.hnt hc \vns
Cliristian rcnegaclo : on which the king bade him rni~l~d~~~, for he would not sny any more to him. I took hinl nsiclc,
oncl inquired who he was, and why he lrnd beconlo a renu-
@do. Thc Samcan told me, " thzt he mas born in Provence,
and llnd fullon~od King Jolin to Egypt, where Ile was
rnnrried, and hncl n vcry consideidle property." I s:~itL to
him, "And do you not linow, tht. if you were Lo dic in aticll
a st,~.t.e, you would descend stmight to hell, and be dmnncd for
ever ?" X-Ie replieil, LL that he lrnew it well, and that tlrvre
wns not n better religion thn that of the Christians; but I
few, mere I to retam with YON, I should suffei* great poverty,
and be continunlly repro~ched all my d:~ys by being c:~llecl
'Renegdo, rencgado !' I had rather, tlerefore, livu at my
mse, lilrc a rich man, tlisn become such an object of
contempt."
I remonstirtted wi?b him, tl~at it wa.7 much better to suffer
tho scorn of the world, since at the d q of jnclgment every evil
deed would be made manifest to 311, and then thmnation would
follow. But all this mas to rto purpose, and when he quitted
me I nevcr LFW him more.
You have lr~drc1:~tad the grcnt persecutions and ~niseries
the good lting St. Louis nud wc dl suffered in Egypt. You
must know nlso, thxt the good queen was not without hcr
share, and very bittcr to hcr I~eort, as you s11aU soon Ircar.
Three da.ys bcfore she was brought to bed, she wns informed
t,lrat the good king, her Iiusbnnd, 11ad bccn nmle prisoner,
which so troullccl her miud, that she sesn~ed continually to
see her clinmbcr filled with Sarwens ready to slay her; and
she inccsssntly Iccpt crying out, "Help, help;" when thero
was no[; :L soul nem her. For fear the fruit of her womb
s11oulcl pcrish, slic uwle n knight wstcll at the foot of her bed
nll night witllout dcqhg. This knight wns very old, not
less tltao cigllty yemy, or perhaps more ; and every time she
ecrenmecl lie liclcl her I~uids, and said, " M:~clani, clo not be
tllos slarrne,d ; I un wit11 you : quit thcse fenrs."
Beforc he goor1 lstly was brought to I d , she oldered
every person to lenve her chnmber escept tbis ancient liniglit,

t.wcllty livres parisis to LC given him, nnd each the11 went to
l~iv plley.
Before I quit the snliect of E~pt,I wish not to forget
any occurrences that 11:~ppenecl whilc we wcrc Ll~crc. 1shall
first S ~OJ,~ of Sir Gaulticr de Chastillo~l, a11i1 S:LY, that 1' hc:~riI
froin a klligl~t, hat he llnd scen 11iin post 11ililsclf with his
drnvn sword in a street at C:UC~, where tI~c Iii11g was n~atle
]lrisonn; ad, whenever my l'urlis pxsccl tllnt atrect, 11e
att~clicdnucl drove tlwm bcforc him with 11ard Llo~vs ; as
tllcy fled, they dischnrged arrows at him, with wl~iel~ he
KLS covered ; and, n-lwn Sir Wdkr 11;d l d lllum bu flicliL,
he picked the arrows out of his body, and rc-nrniecl l~imself.
Ilc was i~ lung ti1110 thos engngecl ; 2nd t11c knight saw him
risc in l~is stirrups, a d call out, " 1-33!Cl~nstillon,chevalier,
where are niy good cu~~~panior~s?" but not om wsis with him.
OII~ day afterward, ns I was conversi~~g wit11 t11c :~clmirnl of
the galleys, I inquircd of all his 111cn-at-amis if tllere were
my oiic wlio could give me all nccouut of wlmt was becomc of
' lli~n, but I coulcl I1cu nothing. At Icugtl~, I met with a
lrnigllt cn,l.lcd Sir .Jol~n Frumons, who told nic, that ns they
were carrying him prisoner, 11c .saw o Turk on the horse of
Sir Gnnltier de Cl~a.stillon, whose tnil and rump were
covered bloocl; and whcn hc nslted him what was become
of thc knight to whom that horse belonged, he rcplicd, that
he had c11t his throat while on horseback, and tllat he w.as
thus co~ered with his blood.
Tberc was a most valiant ma^^ in our army whosc name was
Sir James clu Chnstel, bisllop of Soissons, w11o wlm he mw
wc were going towards Dan~ietta, and that cvcry one was
impatient to return to Prance, prrfcrred living with God to
returning to where he was boni. In consequence, he niscle a
ellarge on the Turks, a if he alone meant to conlbat their
army; but they soon sent him to God, and plnccd him in the
company of martyrs, for they liillecl lhn in a very short
time.
dnotl~er thing I mitncsscd. As the Icing was waiting on
the river the cornplotion of the payment of tlic mnsom for his
brother, the counl cle Poiticrs, a llnntlson~e and weII-dr~~sed
Saracen. cam up, and presented him with JOIII~ lard in pots,
and a variety of sweet-smelling flowers, tclling tI1c king it

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OP JOIPTVILLX.
THEfamily of Joinville was, in the tl~irteentl~ ccntury, one of the most
distingaislied in Champagne. About tire middle of tlre preceding century,
Etienne, surnamed Devuux, an n~~cestnr of the author of tllcse memoirs,
hecame very powerful. He espoused the countess de Joigny, who
brought him the ticf so named, togetl~er with several other Jnunurs, us u
marriage portio~~ ; and lie wns the tirnt who built the castle of Joinville.
The uncle IIII~I fiit.her of Jni~~vills covered tl~en~selvus with glory ; the
first, during the reign of Philip Augustus, when in atteuda~~wup011 the
count of Flundars, ut the conquest or Constuutinol~le : the second, during
the minority of St. Louis, indef'ending the town of Toyesagainst the juiut
efforts of almost all tlie lords of Brunce.
John lord ol' Joinville, uuthorof tlie following memoirs, wns eldest son to
Simon lord of Joil~ville, by Beatrice of Burgundy, his second wife. Biogrn-
[hers differ as to the date of his hirth. Uu Cal~ge plnces it in 1220 ; De la
Ravuliere in 1234 ; und De la Bustie as lute as I?". The authors of till:
, " niogrnpbie Uuiverselle" decide in favour of the middle perid. He
was betrothed during the life of his ptlrents to Alicia, d~u~l~ter of Henry
count de Grand Pr6, by Marie de G;~rlende. The articles of marriage
were agreed to in the mouth of Junc, I%1, in the presence of 'rbibuud
count of Cl~ampagne, the principal conditions of which were, tllat the
countess and her son Henry shoultl give, in consiclerntiun of this ulliunce,
three I~undred livres yearly, in land, and that in return Alicia should
renounce all claim to the succession of her father and mother.
11: was likewise stipulated tlmt Simon lord of Joinville, father to Jolln.
shonld so mawge that Geoffry de Joinville, his son, slioald approve of
and ratify tho santeuce of separation which the archbishop of Rl~rims had
pronounced between 11im and the countess of Grand Pr6 ; from wl~ich we
may eonjccture, that this marriage wns concluded to appease the quarrel
which this divorce had caused between the two families.
The articles were only signed by the countess of Grund Pr$, in tlie
absence of her sun ; but the count of Champagne pledged himself for his
duly executing them. This was not, however, so soon accomplished, nor
was the marriage completed until after the year 1239; at which period
John lord of Joinville having succeeded his father in his estates, and in the
seneschalship of Champagne, ww unmnrried ; for in this year be pro~nisd
Count Tl~ibaud, king of Nnvarrc, not to ally hi~nself with the count de
Ear. nor take his duugllter to wife. Eeatrice, mother to John, made the
count a similar prowise for ber son.
t. His marriiige with Alicia must have taken place instantly afterward ;
for, in a deed of the yew 1240, the lady of Joinville is styled sister to
Henry count de Grund Pr6. It had probably been deferred nntil then on
account of the youth ol' the lord de Joinville, who thus speaks of himtielf:
" That wlien the treaty between the hog, Suint Louis, and tlie

~ould go anJ scck tllc sulll, wllicll he comnlauded me to
do.
I instnntly went on board one of il~c gnllcys of tile
Tcnlplnrs, aud, scci~~g :L cc~f'cr, of which tlley r,Lfrlsctl to
,~ive IIII: lhe kcp, I W:IJ 3l)i)llt10 I)I'c:L~ it open wit11 n KC
il~ the 1ti11g's nnme ; bnt the n~arslral, observing I wm in
e~rnest, ortlered the keys to I)c given me. 1 ol,cnc,J
cofl'cr, took out t h sum wnntiug, :~nd car~.icJ it to tllc ]

count de la Marcllt, was concluW he had not then put on his helmet."
'
That is to say, he had not tlm borne arms, nor received the order of
knigl~tl~ood ; and that allen he put on the cross to march to the HolJ Land
wit11 his Icing, he wasvery young.
Thnt was the first occasion he made use of to display his valoar, and
shew to all the world that he wns no way degenerated in courage and
virtue from his ancestors. The crusude hnd been proclaimed throrlgllout
Prance, nnd St. Louis, his queen and cllildren, with the brothers to the
king, and the principal barons of the realm, had already put on their
armour, and corered their shoulders with the mark of our redeml,tion, to
recover the I-Ioly Land from the hands of the infidels, and to carry the war
into tlleir country.
John lord of Joinville followed the examples of his ancestors, who had
sipdized themselves in these illustrious conquests, took the cross, 2nd
determilled to accompany the king. But as this enterprise was attended with
danger, and would probably be of long duration, 11e wished,'before he set
out,'to make a settlement of his atiuirs, and leave every one satisfied with
his conduct, so that he might be in the proper condition to deserve the
fruits and pnrdoas wliich these crusaders mcrited through the concessions
of the sovereign pontiff. Having assembled his friends and neighbours,
he ga1.e them to understond, that if any one had the smallest subject
of complrint against bim, or if lie had wronged him in the slightest manner,
he mas ready to make llim all the satisfaction that could be wished
tor. On the other hand, as his mother, Beatrice, wns still living, and
enjoyed the greater part of his fortune as her dower, he found himself
obliged to mortgage the principal part of the remainder of his lands, to
supply the expenses of his equipment for so long a voyage, and of so
co~~sidernhle an enterprise, so that there scarcely remained to him twelve
Ilundred livres of yearly rent in land.
He set out from his castle of Joinville after the Easter of 1248, accompanied
by ten kuigl~ts, whom he Itopt in his pay; among whom were
three bannerets,-nnmely, Hugh de Landricourt, I-Iugh de Til-chBtel, lord
of Contlons, and Peter de Pontmolain. He journeyed in company with
Jolln lord of Aspremont, Gosbert dlAspremont and his brothers, who
n9ere his cousins, and the count de Snrrebruche, all of whom had in like
manner put on the cross. They embarked at Marseilles and sailed to
Cyprus, where they found the kiilg of France, who had arrived there n
short time before. It was there the lord de Joinville lirst entered
into the service and pay of this great king, whose good grnces and affection
lie so much gaiued that this prince would hnve him always near his
person, employing him in the most important negotiations, and considering
him as one of his confidential and faithful counsellors. From
the dny he entered into the service of the king, in the island of Cyprus,
he scarcely ever quitted him until his death, and was always attendant on
him for the space of twenty-two years.
This would be the place to relate his ndventureu, his combats, and his ,
travels ; how he landed in Egypt, nnd was nt~scked by the Saracens, how
he repulsed them ; how Ihe was wounded, and tl~en caught the epidemical
disorder of the nrmy ; bow he was made prisoner by the enenly, saved
wd delivered fro111 their hands ; how he accompanied the king to Acre,

I
g,.ricvousl,y sick. He did not live three wsel~s, but died :I.&
sen.
,7
1l1e king, uneasy at the situation of his brother, ww very
nuxious to pay the 200,000 livres; and the whole of Snturday
:mrl Sundn,y were en~ployerl in it. They paid tlie money
nccor(1ing to weight," aid e:~cll weighing was to the annount
of 10,000 livres. Towards evening of the Sunday, the Icing's
servant, occnpied in this paymcnt, sent him word they still
wanted 30,000 livres. Thcre were then with the king only
the count cllAnjou, the marshal of Pinnce, the master of t!!o
Trinity and u~yaelf, all tlie rest being enpged in pying tho
mnsorn. I said to the liing it would bo ~nnch hctt.er to :d:
the comnmnder and marshal of the Knights Tempkbrs to lcnti
him the 30,000 livres to make up the sum, than to risk his
brother longer with such people.
Fatl~er Stephen d'Outricourt, master of the Temple, Ileflring
the advice I gave -tile Itiug, said to me, " Lord de Joinville,
tlne coun~sel you give the king is wrong and unreasonable
; for you lrnow wc rcccivc every hrthing ou our oath ;
and tl~at wo cannot mnlre ally paynients but to those wl~c,
give 11s t,licii- oaths in return."
Tlle mnrsl~al of the Temple, tliinking to satisfy the liiu,~~
saicl, " Sire, don't atte~id to the disputc :1nc1 (:on~tclltion OF
tho lord cle Joinville ant1 our conimnndcr. For it is ns he llns
said; we cannot, dispose of my of the nlouey ent1.11sted to us.
but for the means intcntled, without acting cont,rnry to our
ontlis, nncl heing pcrju~wl. Know, tl~t t.1~ senesctld lee:
ill-advised you to takc by forcc, should we refuse you 11,
1o:~n; but in this you will act nccorcliug to your will. Sl~odJ.
you, Irowcvcr, do so, we will iualie ot~rselves aine~~cls frwn
tl~n wndtlh you llave in Acre." WII~II I heard this mcnncl:
from tllem to tho Iiing, I said t,o him, that if lie plenscd I
* Wbot Louis I.nssark, pnrveyor to the coll~;e of Navarre, hns int1.o-
duced in the life of St. Louis, is only a vulgar error; namely, thut
when the ransom of the king was fixed at 600,000 golden besants? tllere
were instiwtly coined a similar nunlber at Paris from gold which he list1
esacted from the people, nnd sent off by Charlcs, connt of Anjnu.
whom his brother, the king St. Lonis, had ordered to return lo Franc:e
expressly for this purpose. It is nlso onotller v111gn1. error, that St.
Louis 11aid for his ransom his weight in gold, nnd tlmt he put
himself into the scales for this purpose, the word h u m having cawed
the mistulie.

who aguin retained him and his k~~igl~ts in his pay: in sliort, after having
heen ohsrnt on tlrrse enprtlitions the space of seven gears, 11e returned to
Prance with tire Iiing. Uut as tl~is ~iarration would be of co~~siderahlc:
length, and as he him~elf bas written t,he history, I pass it ovcr, and
sl~irll only mnntio~~ sonle othws of his principal actions. On his return
to Frnnw. 111. took leave of the kill5 ct Eeaucaire, wl~ence, having visited
the clm~phiness of Vieune his ri.1111ior1, the count dc Ch;*llons his uncle,
and the count de I3our~oqnel1is cousin-german, he arrived at his castle of
Joinville. After resiJing t h e some time, he went to Soissons to meet
the king, who received him with so much kindness and frientlsliil~ tl~at the
wlrole court was surprised and bec:lmr. jealous of him. It nr21s about this
time that Tl~ibaud 11. king of Navarre and count of Champagne, employed
him to reqoest of tl~e king his daughter Isabelln ; an0 this negotiution
he managed wi~h SO IIIIIC~I add re^^ and prndenc tlli~~, in ~pitc of
great difficulties, the marriage was concluded, and celabrnted at Mehn
with royal magnificence, in the year 1253.
This service, in addition to others, goined him the affections of the
king of Xavarre, who presented him with many gifts, among whicli was
tbe donation to him untl l~is heirs, dated January 1258, of all the rights
clod royalties of the vilhge of Germny, as an augmentation of fief, on
condition of paying homage liege. In the followinl: ycar he subscribed
the testament of Ebles de Geneva, son to Humbert count of Geneva, in
which, however, he adds no title to his name, wl~ich may cause u doubt
whether this John de Joinville, or de Genville, as he is c~~lled, he our
seneschal. He was, afterward, almost constn~~tly at the court of he king
of Navarre, his lord, and nccompanied him, in the year 1267, when this
prince did homage to the bishop of Lnngres for the towns of Bar sur Aube,
Bar sur Seine, and someothers, which lie I~eld under the church, in presence
of William lord de Grnncey, Renier Vitardore, nnd Eustache de Conflans,
mnrsl~als of Charnlxpe, and other lords of thilt country.
The king, St. Louis, l~avinq convokrcl at Piiris all his barons, on the
subject of a new crusade, summoned thither the lord de Joinville, nt that
time suffering under a quartun ague. On his arrival, tl)e king, and
Thibaud 1ti11g of Nevarre, prcised him to put on the cross, and undertake,
with them, an espedition to Africu; but he escused himself on the
plea of the poverty and distress of his subjects and vassals, who had been
I~arshly treated by the exactions made on them by the king of Frnnce's
oficers during his former expedition. He acted sometime afterward ns
president in the extraordinury assemblies and ussizes held at Troyes, as
the person best qualified, in the year 12il. During the journey which
was made to Arragon in 1283, by Icing Pidip the Hardy, who had the
wardship of Jane qucen of Kavurre and countess of Champagne, sole
dau:hter to King I-ler~ry, he was appointed by him governor rind guardian
of that country. He was present liltewise at the assizes 01' Chnoipagne in
the years 1291 and 1296; and in the year 1303 he is named, with John
de Joinville lurd of Ancerville, Anseau de Joinville, and other great
barons of France and Chuu~piigne, in the snmmons of Philip the Pair to
meet him at Arms the 5th of August, and attend him in his mar ngainst
Flanders.
He wns also one of the lords and barons of Cbnmpagne, who formed a

4'4 JOINVILI.X'SJIEXOIM OF SAINT LOUTS Is. [PT. 11.
serwnts, it wng agrcecl 31nong the aclmiralq abo~~t sunset, tllrLt
we shoulcl llavc our liberty, and mc were in consequellco
brongl~t bdi to Dnmicth. Our gnlleys were rnoorcd close
to tllc shore, and no rcquestcd per~nission to Inntl ; but tilcy
would not allow it until wc 11:l.d rcf~~esherl ourselves, for tilc
Snrnccns said it would 1)c :L sllamc for the admirals discL:w:r!
us fasting from tl~cir prison.
Sl~ortly after they scat us provision from the mmy; tllnt
is to sn.y, loaves of clmse that hnd bcen baked in the SIIV to
prcvcnt the wornis ~ I I Icollectin; in tllcm, with hart1 egys,
wl~icll hnrl bcen boilcd four or five il:ayn, nnll thc si~slls of
which, in honour to us, thcy I1:~d painter1 with various colo~~rs.
Wl~cnwc 11:~d eaten some little, they put us on shore, and mc
we11t town~~cls the king, whom the St~ncens wcre concl~ictin~
frorn the pwilion wlicre they l~nrl rletnined him, toward the
water-sidc. There were full ",,000 Sarmns on foot surrounding
the king, girded with swords.
1.t ch:~nced tl~at n Gcnoese plicy wns on the r"lver opposite
to the king, on board of which tl~orc nppmrcd but one man,
who, the moment he saw the king, \vhistlctl, and instantly
fourscore cross-bows, well equipped, wit11 their bows Lent :~nd
arrows plncctl, leaped on the deck from below. Tl~c Snmccns
no sooner saw thcm, than, panic struck, tlloy rnn away like
shecp, :~nd not more than two or three etayecl wit,h the king.
The Genoesc cast a plnnlc on shore, and took on board the
king, his brother thc count d'dn,jou, who was afterwn.rtl
Icing of Sicily, Sir Gcoffiy de Sergincs, Sir Philip cle
Nclnours, the mnrsld of Francc, the master of the
'Trinity, and my$clf. The couut cle Poiticls rcnmined prisoncr
witb the Sn.r~ens until the Iting should send lhe
200.000 Iivres which Ile was bound to pay before he quittcd
the rivcr.
The Saturday after the Ascension, which wils the morrow
or our dclivermcc, the earl of Flanders, the connt de Soissons,
and 1n;uIy other peat lords, c;mle to tnlre lenve irf the
kin;:. Ilc entrented them to tlelny going nntil his brother,
thc count cle Poitiem, shoulJ 11:lve his liberty; but tlley
replied it mm not for their galleys merc on thc poil~t
of sailing.
They e~iibn~ked on bonnl t,l~eir $alleys ou their ret.urn LO
Prance, and with them mas tl~e enrl of Brittany, who WLS

league, in the month of Sovember, 1314, o~ninst this same king, on
account of a subsidy which he had undertaken to ruise from the nobles of
])is realm. This dispute was settled the ensuing year by the Icing, ~~~i~
Hutin, who, hy his letters, dated from the Bois de Vincennes, the 17th
dey of May, 1315, appointed commissioners to inquire into their privileges.
The king immedintely uf'ter issued n summons for the nol,les of
his realm to asseml)le ut 11rrus in the month of August, to assist him iu
his war against the Pimings; but the lord de Joinville was ortlered, by
a private letter from tl~c king, to be at huthie by the middle of June.
This was, I~owevpr, too short notice for ll~m to mnlce his preparations,
and be wrote to the king his excuses, alleging the impossibility of being
nt the nppointetl place by the time ked, and promising at the same time
to join the army as speedily as he could. And in the list of those menat-urms
who were in the compnny of my lord the count of Potiers, and
received at Arras and elsewhere by his two marsl~als,M, Ilegnant de
Lor and the Borgne de Ceris, his uame appears, with one knight and six
esquires.
The letter which he wrote to the king on the subject of this summons
was as follows :­
" To his good lord, Louis, by the grace of God, King of Brnnce nnd
Nasarre, John lord of Joinville, seneschal of Champagne, sends health
and his willing service. Dear sire, it is indeed true, as you inform me,
that it 11as been reported you had made up matters with the Flemings ;
and, as we believed it, sire, we have not made any preparations to obey
your summons, whicI1 you sent me, sire, acquainting me that you should
be at Arras to redress the wrongs the Flemings hare done you; and in
this I think you act well, and may God give you his assistance ! And as
you hnve ord~red me and my people to be nt Authie by the middle of
June, sire, I inform you that that cannot well be done ; for your letters
only arrived the second S~indny in June, eight dnys before we ought to
have been at the rendezvous. My people shall be got ready as soon as
possible, to go whithersoever yon please. Sire, do not be displeased that
at the beginning of this letter I have only culled you my good lord, for 1
have never clone otherwise to my lords your ancestors and predecessors
in the government, whose souls may God pardon ! Written the second
Snndily of June, the same day that your latter was brought me, in the
ye11r. 1319."
This letter was folded, and senled with a seal of yellow wax, of the size
of a large golden crown, baving an impression of a knight armed with his
sword and shield, ;and the coat of arms and housing of llis horse bluzoned
with tl~c arms of Joinville: around it, instead of an inscription, was a
bordcr of Howers de luce, similar to that wl~icl~ is on the coins of St. Louis.
The lord de Joinville must have been ninety or ninety-two years old in
this year of 1S15 ; for since his n~nrriuge was arranged in 1231, and con-
summated in 1240. he could not then hnve been younger than twenty
years. A lute ;luthor assures us, that he lived upwards of one hundred
years; and inn title-deed of the abbey of St. Urhirin, near Joinville, dated
on the morrow of Easter, in the yenr 13 . . ., by which he grants to Robert,
the abbot, and to the monks of that monastery, certain fields and woods,
Le says, Chat he had been engaged so long in tire country of the infidels,

lil~cl~tics at sunrise remninccl until sunset wit11011t eating or
drinki~~g, and the ltiug sr~fl'cred equally mi tl~ 11s. Thc adrnirods
were disputing tu,ycd~rr, :mil scernctl inclined to put
US to d ~~tll. One of t11cr11, n~Idmrsing the others, s,zill, i\fy
lonls, if yon will Ldicvc. IIW n d tllcsc I~csido me, wc wili kill
the Icing :~nd :dl tile g~wt pcrsolla with him, and tlm for
. fvrty yc:rrs to COIIIP wouccd 110t fear them: for tlrir i:l~ilr-lrcr~
:I.W young, h d wc Imve 1)ossession of Z)nmictkz, wl~ich wi!l
likewise be our sccwity."
'
Another Samcen, ~mnied Scchrecy, a native of Morcn-
.tnignc~.*opposetl ttllis, nwl 1~111on~tl.:~ted wit11 ~ I I C otlm:, thn.;
if tlicy slwnld slay tIw king::, jlwt :~,fter tl~cy 11x1 1;ilIcd their
sdtnn, it woultl be snit1 tllnt the Egyptinnu wcrc tltc rl~ost
djuloy:~I and inirluitow rwc of lncn in t.1~ worltl. The
ndll~id, wl~o mns clcsirons of our clmths, replid Ly pllin~ing
avgul~rant.~.He mill, t11;~t i~~tlcetl they h:uI been to tlnrnc ill
daying tl~oir snltnn, IJ~C:LIIS~: il was cou1rn1-y to t!~e 1mv of
Malloi~~ct, t1lc111 to guard tl~cil sovcrci:,.~~
who hall conln~n~~tlcsl
ay tl~ciqq'le of tl~cir eye, ant1 Iro sl~ewecl tl~en~ tl~is eon~~nanllmerit
wl,ittcu clown in a boolt which 11e he111 in l~is I~antl.
" But," :~dtlecl he, "listen, lny lords, lo nnotlrcr comnlnnclment,"
nnd, tnrning over the ionves of his book, rcd to tllc~n
tl~c con~manclnient of hi:ho~mt, tllnt for thc security of the
faith, tl~c law pcrmittecl tlje llcntb of an enemy. Tim, tnrning
hi.; spc!ccli to his fomc,. pnrpose, he contint~wl," Now
considcr the siu we 11;~ve co~clrlihxl in Idling ll~c sultan,
apinst the positive con~rr~~ncl of our prophet, :d the great
evil we sll:dl a,+~indo if wo suflw the kilig to rlepwt, and if
we do not put him to clentl~, in ~pite of the nssuranccs of
snfety bc lnily have had from us, for Ile is the gre:~test enemy
to our I:LW &nil religion."
One of the ailm~rsls t11ah were :pinst us, thinking we
should 1x shin, earns to tl~eInnk of the rivcr, an11 shoulted
out in Swxeu to those who were on bond our g;dleys, and
taking off his tnrbau mnds signs. and told them, tiley were to
carry us Gnck to Bihylon. Tlic anchors were instnntly rniscd,
and we merc carried a good lengue up tho river. This mused
great gvicf to all of us, and mmy ta~rsfell from our eyes,
fill we now expected notl~il~g but dcsth.
lluwl:ver, as God willcd it, wllo nerer is forgetful of his
* Mauritania.

where 11e had re~~~nined seven years with the king, Saint Louis, and in
other ports ; fur which God, out of his mercy, Ilnd preserved his body
nnd mind in greater health and vipour to a longer period of time than had
been ullotted to any of his predecessors.
Altll~ligli no deed has been found thnt mnrks precisely the time of his
death, it most have been about the gem 1318; lor in that year his Son
fincnnu mns in posseqsion of the estnte of Joinville, and of the office of
senescl~:il of C!hmq~~gne, as we shall see hereafter. There is a rratlilion
at Jol~~villc, thnt this lord was of an estrnordinnry stature nod strength of
body, aud thnt his head was of nn enarmow size, as Inrge agnin as tlint of
any of Ilia co~~tenlporaries, and that it may now be seen at Joinville with
one of l~is tlligh-11o11es. This agrees witb what he writes himself of his
constitution snd habit of body, saying that he had " In t$te grosss. et une
froide fot~l.celle," meaning a cold stomacl~ ; for which cause, his physicians
had ordered him tu drink his wine Ipure, nnd to warm it. With
regard to the qntilities of his mind, it will be suficient to any, that the
great king, Stlint Louis, nlqiointetl him one of his principnl counsellors
and ministers of state; besides, ha says of Limself that he hnd a subtle
wit.
These memoirs, wl~ich Joinville finished in 1009, and published after
the death of Philip the Fnir, huve nlwnys becn highly esteemed by the piiblic.
Although they inclt~de n space of but six yenra, they give us sufficient
information respecting the military system of those days, and the principles
of ndministmtion udupted by St. Lonis. They preserit to us a faithful
picture of the customs n ~~d mnnners of our ancestors : they charm us by
the affecting simplicity of style, which is one of its greatest merits; nnd
if me wish to become nctlnuintcd witb the noble miud of St. Louis, it is
in them displayed with the nwsl esuct troth.
Among the different editions of these memoirs (in French), the
two most opprnvsd of ore thi~t of Du Conge, printed in 1668, and the
one published by the late Mr. Cnppe~.onnier in 1761. Whatever may be
the merit of the edition of 1761, we prefer thnt of Du Cnnge. The
public opinion, as well as that of severnl learned friends, has determined
us to make this choice. It is not surprising that the edition of Da
Cnngc bas prertcrved its great relintation ; for that of, 1761, notwithnt~ntling
the glossary which has bean lidded to it, would not be intelligible
for three-fourths of its readers, who, unless perfectly well versed in the
old French Inngunge, would be fatigued and disgusted with it.
The xmarks wih which Du Cange hns enriched this edition, clear up
a number of important facts contuir~ed in the memoirs of Joinville, and
throw the greatest light on many poinffi connected with the customs nnrl
iustitutious of that pcriod. They seemed too precious to be withheld
from our readers, and ore, therefore, subjoined to the present edition.

452 JOINYILLE'S XEMOIRS OP SAINT LOUIS II. ;p~.11,
loclginp, he nindo the sign of the cross on the ground,
crossetl his body all over. Tlir S:~rccns added, that if tllcir
Mnl~on~et had dlowed them b SII~I'P~the xnnnifold evils tl;:Lt,
God lid c:tuued the Iring to undergro, they woultj nevel- lln,vo
llacl nny conficlence in him, nor paid hinl their adorationd.
Not long after the conventions hat1 been completed batlyeen
the Iring and the ndmirnls, it was dcterminecl tint oil tile
morrow of the feast of .the Asccnsion of our Lord, D:lmicttn
sl~oultl bo sr~rrentlercd to tlie Turks, and the Iring and nil tile
otl~c~ priso~icrs set at liberty. Our four plleys wcre anchorecI
h&m till: Ihlgo of Damicttn, mhcrc n pavilion Ilad Loen
pitcl~etl hr the king's landing.
A!,out si~nriscof the .zppoint(d hy, Sir Gcoffry dcScrgines
ment to the town of Damieth* .to dulivur it to the admirals,
and inskantly ~ hcflags of tlrc sultan were diaphyod from the
wnlls. The Saracen knights entcrccl tl~c town, nntl drank of
the wines tliey fouud thcrc, inaom~ich tlut tho gre:rt,er pwt
wcrc tlrnn!~. One of them cui~~c: on Bo:L~~ our galley with
his nald smorJ reeking with blootl, telling us that lie 11~1
lcilletl six of orw countryi~~cn, wl~ichXV~S a brutal thhg for
any knight or other to boxst of.
Bcfore the surreudcr of Lhniettn, the rlureil had embarked
with :dl ou~ people on board the sl~ips, escrpt the poor sick,
whonl the Saracens were bou~~d By ~Iieir oath to takc cam of,
and give I I on ~ the pnp~eut of 200,000 livres, as has been
mentionet-I. They wcre dso to restore the war machines,
saltccl rnents, which they never eat, nn11 our nrrnorlr; but tl~cse
infidel tlogs, on the contrary, 1;illc~l nll tlie sick, and cut to
pieces the machina and other thing3 which they b d promisccl
to talic care of and rcvtoro nt the propcr time 2nd
p1:~ce. They made n grcnt 11mp of the whole, and set it on
fire ; and it wss so immense, the fire l)J.nzed from the Friday
to the Sunday following.
Aftcr they 11nd thus killed, dcstroyctl, and set fire to all
thcy conld lay l~nnds on, we tl1n.t ought to have 11~1 ouv
2: It was then under th. guard of the dn!te of E~rrgundy and Olivier
de Tcrmes, in ~liichthe legate nnd a number of p~.clnks Ind swed thrnlselvcs
; as did lilwvise the tlllc?en of Frunee, accordit~g to Matt. 1';~ris.
Xython, ch. 2-!,says, that wllen it had been snrre~~deretl to t!~e Stwnccns,
they cou~l,letcly destroyed it, and mnde it n desert, buildi~~g another town
farther diswut from the rivcr imd sca, to xhich tbcy gnvc thc name of
flew D;miktta.

1
A.D. 1250.1 CRUELTY TO\VAl:DS TIiE I'ATILIARCII. 11 51
ccns for the Iring, and was then come to him to assist in his
delivery from them. It was the custom among tlic P:~pns
and Christians, tlmt in cnsc any two princes were nt wnr with
(:rich otller, nnd one of tlicln slrould die during the tin~c alnlh.is:ldurs
wcre sent to either, the alnbnssadors wcre, in s~ich
cnsc, Lo rclnnin prisoners, MIIC~LC~ in pagan land or in Chris-
- tclldom ; mid because the sultan, lntely murdered, Ilad pntcd
,A
n safe-conduct to this patri;~rch, 110 was Leconie a prisoucr to
tl~c S:tmcens as well as o~irselvcs.
TLc ndmirnls perceiving tlic Icing was not to bc frigl~tenecl
by their mennces, one of them >aid to tile oillers, tl~:~t, it, w:~s
the ~~:~tr.inrcl~ who had thus nclvised him ; 2nd if they would
:~llow 11iln to act, he wouhl forcc tile Iring to take the oath,
I'or 11c W C L I I ~ ~cut OK tl~e Iimd of the pntrinrcli, and make it
fly illto the king's lap. The rest would not ngrce to this ;
but tlicy scized the good pntriarcli, and tied l~im to n post in
tlrc prcscncc of thc king, :u~d bonnd his hands behincl his
L:ick so tiglrlly, that LIiey soor] swcllcd as big as his Iiend ;
n ~ dthe blood spouted out from several parts of his I~ancls.
Prom the sufferings be e~lilurcd, he cried out, " Alr ! circ,
sire, snenr boldly ; for I tslic tlic whole sin of it on lny own
soul, since it is by this menrls aloue you may lic~ve the power
to fulfil your proniises." I know not wl~etller the onth Tau
tnlcen at Inst; but however tl~nt ]nay be, thc :ttl~i~irals at
length held thernselvcs satisfied with the ontlls of tl~c Iring
and his lords then present.
When the knights of the Einolcca had shin tho sultan,
the admi~als orderctl their trun~pets and nncaires to sound
mcrrily before the Iring's tent; n d it waa told the king, that
the aclmirnls had holtleli a co~mcil nncl were very dcsirous to
elect him sultan of Babylon. The Iting onc ~1;~y asked nic, if
I werc of opinion, that if thc ki~~gcloru of Babylon had becn
offcred him, hc ought to have taken it? I answered, tlrnt it'
lle l~ad, he would lmve done s fcolisll thing, seeing they Iiad
niurclered their lord. Notwitlist.anding this, the king told ine
be slould have scarcely refused it.
This projcct only rded from the admirnls saying among
tllen~sclves, tli:~t the Icing n7w the proudest Christian they
ever Lnew ; and tl~nt, if they elected hiin sultm, lie rciild
forcc then1 to tur~~ Cllri::tinns, or have them put to clcatl~.
r 1
lhis they snicl fim~ oliscrving, tht wl~e~~ever he quittcd his
2 G 2

A DISSERTATTON
0N
JOIBVILLE'S LIFE
-
OF ST. LOUIS.
Cy M. Ic L3aroz dc In floslic.
THElife of St. Louis, written by the lord de Joinville, Ins always becn
considerad as one of the most precious monuments of our history ; and as
work that contnins many of those qnalirications wl~icl~ wc are nccustomed
to wish for in the lives of private persons. The author was of very considerable
rank by his birth, his connections, his employments, and still
more from his pcrsonal merit. He had not only lived ulder the reign of
tbe pri~~ce whosc Life hehas written, but was moreovcr personally attached
to him for rmenty-two years, and, by consequentlp tullowi~~g him in his
expeditions, llad participated in the most important events of his reign.
The air of cnndour and good faith that nccon~~ranies his recitals prejudices
the render in his fav,iur ; the scrnpulons attention be shews not to mention
fncts of wl~ich 11e was not a witness, and only to touch on sucb as
he relntcs from the rqiort cf others, as his l~istory requires ; this attention,
I rrpcnt, ought to convince us, tl~t the iord de Joi~~ville had no other
intention than to trausmit to posterity notliiiig but ivl~ot he was perfectly
well informed of.
His listory is not. like the grenL-rr part of the cl~ronicles of those times,
a simple recital of what passed in I?rnncc and elaewhcre during the reign
of St. Louis ; it mnlirs us intimately ucquointed wit11 tllnt monarch : it
gives us a jnst ideaof liis hewt and Lend, and paints equally well tbe great
man, tllc grcnt snil~t, and the great king. The fricudahip and confidence
wit11 which St. Louis honoured the lord dc Jai~~ville; the intimate familiarity,
if i mny be allowed tlie expression, to which 11e 11nd admitted him,
have lilrnished many curiouv details, whicl~, althougl~ improper for a
general history, are not the less agreeable or instructive, since they more
distinctly display the characters of the principal persous whom the historian
successively otrers to our view.
So many interesting motiv~xs to the French will not suffer them to see
with inditrerence the attempt that l~vs been mnde to tear from their hands
one or their prit~cipnl Ilistorians, by endeavouring to make tbe history of
tho lord de Juinville pass for a romance, not composed till the fifteenth
century. For upwards of two hundred years, when it was first printed,
no one had ever thoogl~t of suspecting its authenticity, when an unjust
criticism nppeared in the postl~u~nous works of a learned man (Jo. Hwdonin),
more celebrated, however, for the singuln~ity of Iiisideas, than for
tlie extent OF his erudition. lie maintnit~s, that the Life of St. Louis,
genernlly attributed to the lord de Juinville, is the work of an author
vary much posterior to him, who has forged the name of tlie supposed
author of it.
I pnss over tLiese objections in silence ; they will have no weight, until
it sl~dl be grnntetl thnt the greater part of ecclesiaslicnlanrl profane authors
have been supposititious wrtters.

:~tlniiralu it rnn thus ; t1:x.t ill cxsc thy failed io tlleir conyentions
wit11 the ki?lg, il~cy would own tllc~t~selves disllollollrc~
like tiiosc who for their sins wcnt on n pilgrimage to & I ~ ~ ~ ~ . ,
I~arehencled, or like to thoso WIIO divorced their wives, nllil
took tl10111i~gzill. tllcil' IRW, 110 ono can idiv~rr.~ \)is \\,ife
nnrl colinl)it with 1~ ncpin, before 11e has witnesPcJ sonlo
d ~ cpcrsoa r lying in bell wid1 her. The third oat11 nvns, tllnt
t,!\cy woiilcl ~I~CIUSCIVCS blasted and dislio~~ou~cd, liIce a
Pnl.;rccn who slloultl eat pok
Tlic king xcegterl. tho above oat118, 1)ecause Mmtcr Kicolie,
of Awe, who knew tl~cir maiincrz well, nee~r;.~cl hinl they
c~uilll not swesr more strongly. Aftcr Lhe adlnirnls hall tnlien
I;!lc oath above rncntioned, they had one such :IS they wisl~ccl
hin~ to take written down, and gnve it to the Icing. This
uat.11 11ul I)ecil dmwn up according to tho ntlvice of so~ilc
vcncgado Christians, wlloin they I d with them. It mn
thi~s, that iu case ll~e king ilirl not f~ilfil the couventions lie
hsd eutereil in to wit11 tlr,:ni, Ile ~nigbt be dcprivecl for ever of
ilil-: presence of Gud, of his worthy motl~cr, of the twelve
:~postles, and of all tho saints of both sexes in Parndisc.
This o:di tlie king took. The other 1m9, thnt if tl~c Itin:
h:ol;e his wore1 Iie sllould bc reputed perjurd, as n. Christian
2~110 l~nd dcnied Qocl, his b:i.ptisln, and his faith ; and iu
tlespitc of God woultl spit on his cross, and Irainp1.e it under
5,ot. Out w1ie11 the lcii~g hcilrd this onlh reid, 11e declaroJ
hc woultl never hlie it.
'L'lre atl~nirals, hewing the Icing had refused to take the
o:~tl~ whi~li they 1 1 ~ 1reqnirc:I of him, sout iu I~mte for Master
Nicollc., of Acre, to tdl Li~n they wc~c grcnlly clissntisfied
with hini, and tliscontr~iced wit11 the lti~ig; for that they llotl
:iworn ewyy onth lie 11~1 ~IesireJ, and now, in his turn, he
l~zd rcfirscil to co111ply wit11 tl~c oaths oUcreci to hi111 011 their
IXLL.~,31:~ster Nicolle told tlic king that he wr~scorbin, tliat
~~nlcss 11c tool; the o;rths as plwxiled, the Saracelis would
1)t~lic:~cl him an11 all liip peoplc.
Tl~e lii.f!g replied, tlmt they mi,$, nct xcco~di:,~rto their
9
p!cwure, bnt that for his prt lie wonld m.ther dm a good
Christixn tllnn live under the anger of God, his Blesserl
n~~)thor, 2nd Ilis saints. At that ~ilnc, lhe patriarch of Jcni-
~ideniway wi~h tl~c Icin,~ ; he was eiglity years old, or theresLout,
anrd I d once tet'ore pi~led the good-dl of tlie SW*

JOINVTLLE'S HISTORY OF SAINT LOUIS.
DEDICATION.
TO the most voblc, mod o ~ T c c and ~ ~ mont ~ , poled prince,
lo
t16e Iiiny S1. Louis, of most rcnocon@d and f~ol!, mmory, 68 the r/racc
of God, Iiiwj of Amce and Nmarrc, and Count ~a~aiinb of&,om­ p p e and Brie, John Lord of Joinuillc, Seneschal of ChamPaSllae,
smds health, wishing lhal, nl his prflpr, Jesus may av~oijalhim
holy love.
MAYit please yon to know, most noble and potent lord, tl~at my late
most excellent lady, your mother, whose soul may God pnrdon, from the
great nfection she bore me, and from her knowing wit11 how much loylrltp
and love I had served and atteuded the clecease~l king, St, Louis, her
spouse, iu several countries. had most ear~lestly pnthatcd mc, tllat in
honour to God, I would collect nnd write a small book or treatise of tLe
holy actions and sayings of the above-mentioued King St. Louis. This 1
very humbly promised her to execute to the best of my power ; nnrl becnuse
you, ~uy most excellen1 and potellt lord, are his ddest son and heir, ant1
hnvz sl~cceedetl to the crown and lii~~ctlom of our late lord and king, St.
1,onis. I send this book to you, not knowing my one living to whom it
can more properly helo~lg, in order thnt you and ;III otl~ers wlm may rwd
it, or hear it read, mny profit by imitating the esnmplcs and ~lzetls whial~
it contsins, and may God our Father and Creator be worshippetl and
honoured by it.
&
JOINVILLE'S PBEPACE.
IN the name of the most holy nnd most sovereign Trinity, the Pnlhel.,
Son, and Holy Ghost, 1, Jol~n lord of .Ioinville, high stenarrl of Chsm.
pnpe, do indite and cause to he Formed into a book, the lift and most
pious acts and sogincs of my latc lord, St. Louis, king- of Frnnce, from
what I personally saw or llenrrl cluri~~g lhe apacc of six mhule years thnt I
was in his company, as well in the holy espcdition and pilpkc~lje beyond
sea as since our return thence. This book will be iiividc~l into two parts.
The first will shew how the above-n~c~~tioned king, St Louis, governed
himself according to the ~?recepts of God nncl of our ldy mother the
church, to the profit and ndvancement of this Itinqtlom.
The second part will sp.~& of his gnllnnt cl~isnlry nnJ deeds of arms,
that the one may follow the other, to enlighten nail exalt the nnderstantlings
of such as shall rend or hear it. The contents of both parts will
shew plainly that no man of his time, from the brginning cf his reign unto
the end of it, ever lived n more godly or conscientious life Ihn he did.
It seems however to me, that sttficient respect has not bcm shewn
him, inasmuch as he has not been ranked emon; the martyrs, for tlic
great vexntions be suffered on his pilgrimage for tl~e Iiono~rr of the cro~s
during the six years thnt I attended him ; for, as our Lord God died fr~r
the human race on the cross, so in like manner diet! tlie good king St.
Louis, at Tunis, with the cross on his brrast. Becausc nothing is to be
preferred to the salvation of the soul, I shall bcgin this I? rht port which
speaks of his righteous doctrine and holy conqersution, is food for
the soul.

thern, mtl, malting the sign of the cross, snid, " Tlius died St.
Agnes." Sir Ciuy d'li'lrclin, colistnl)lc of Cyprus, knelt bcside
me, and corrf'csed Ilinlsclf to rl~e; aud I gnvc him snch
absolritio~r as God was plcnsetl to pxnt mc the powc~. of
bestowing ; bt~t of nlI tI~e tIriltys Ire I~ad snit1 to IIIC, t~lienI
arose I I I~ could not remcmbcr one of thn.
JVe wcrc confined in tlle hold of tlrc galley, and hicl Ilcmls
and beelv togetl~cr. We tlmught it I I ; ~bccn 150 ortl~reci Ibccause
tlrey were :~fi.:~id 01' attnoking 11s when wc wcrc ill :L
body, nml thnt tlrey woulcl dcst1,oy us one :~t 11 time. 'l'l~is
danp I;~stecl tlie whole niglrt. ! hat1 my fcct right or! t!ic
face ol tl~c coullt Peter of firitlnny, wl~c~se fcct, in return,
werc Lesiclc nry fnce. On tho 11lon.o~ we were ~:LI;CII trrrt of
the I~olcl, :~ncl tl~e ncl~~iirnls sent to irlt'orm us tha.1 we nright
renew tllc treaties wc I d lusclc wit11 the sulti~n. TIJI~SS WIIO
were nblc went tl~itlicr ; but tbc cnrl of IJritt:imy, tile ?or?stal)le
of CYIJ~IIS, anC! ~nyself, who wero grievously ill, remaiuecl
on busrcl.
Tl~e e:rrl of I~lnnclers, the count tle Soissons, and il~e otliem
wlro 111111 ~onc to perley with thc admirals, related to us the
convention fur our delivery ; 2nd the adlnirds pro~nisecl, tht
as soon as Dnulietta sl~or~lclbe surrcnclcretl to them, tllcy
woulcl give liberty to the Itiy aud tlrc otlrsr gre3.t pcrsnn:~gcs
now prisoners.
They told them, that had the sultnn livtd, 11c woulcl lrnvc
hnd tlic king belreacletl, wit,li tl~c others ; and that, contrary
io the treatrcs enterccl into, and tho promises m:~dc to tire
Icing, he lrncl nlrendy transported to Rnbylon sevcrnl of their
nlost co~lsideral~lemen ; that tliey h;d shin tile sultan,
because they knew well th:~t thc moment he should llnw bccil
mastcr of hnietta he would hove hall thorn iust:uitly n~urdcred,
or wc~uld have put illern to tlc:~th wlrcn in clmfi~&l~er~~.
By tllis new agreement, the 1;ing wes to swear to lenve nt
their disposnl 200,000 livres before Ire quitted tllc river, al!J
the otlicr 200,000 he sli0~1tl pny in Awe. 1'lle.y dcclni.c:d
tllcy ~voultl detain, for their sec~rritj, all Lhc sick in P:miet,t:~,
, t,lw c~oss-~o\\~s. armours, 1nI~llin(qanel sdted n~c:~ts, until
tile king ~ho111c1 senel i'or thc~i, nud sl~ould llare paid the
balairce of his mnsoln.
T!IC o:~.tlr, wl~icl? was on tllis ucc;i.?ion to 1~ t:~i;on by tl~?
king and the admirals, wns CI~ZWII 111, ; ant1 orr tllc: part. of t,l~e
2 0

NIIMOIRS
0I?
LOUIS IX. KING OF PRANCE,
(CONMONLYCALLED SAINT LOUIS.)
FIRST PART
* I-le was born in the yeirr 12-14, and died wllm histeen years old, in
12GO.
I know not if the lord de Jninvillc here spwks of the Scots as of a
p~oplevery dis~mt froln France, and who i~il~nl~ited what was called the
Ultimn Thole, or wl~etl~er he wished to mark the cll;u.acter of this n:ition,
whicl~ ~lelifilite~l so much in travrlling to ~lif[b~.entcour~t~.ics, that there wns
scarcely n liingdorn wl~erein gent numbers of them were not to be round.
- ih~sis . noticed hy wall rid^^. Strnbo in the fiuty-sixth chapter of the
second book of his Life of St. Gnll. Owing to this love of emigrating, we
read that in almost every part of Prance there were hosl~itals founded for
them, of which mention is made in the cnpitularics of Cllnrles le Chauve,
tit. G and 23 ; in Synodo Meld. cap. 14, and in the charter of the
foundation of the abbey of Walcourt, ia the diocese of Naniur, published
by Mirreus in Diplom. Uelg. lib. 2, cap. 22. See also, on this subject,
Innocent. Ciron. lib. I ; Observnt. Jur. Canon. cap. 13.

with hiin, wllo hd? him tlcscontl. XIc rcplicd, Ile would n,illinsly
dcsccntl, if thy rvoulil answer for Iris safety; but tlloy
~.eplictl lhnL tliey would nnke Iliui cow down force. for L~l:Lt
IIC W:ISI I O ~yet nrrivcll :LL L):~llli~tkb. t h discbnrgcll sol,l,
~-rcck Iirc into thc towcr, wl~icl~ being m:de only of fir :lJltl
liuen clotb, as I havc bcforc sd, 111~mlde mas in a blaze ;alld
I pro~~~ise yon, I never Lcllelcl so fiuc nor so sudden a bollfil.o,
\Vhen the soltan snm the fire gnini~ig gro~uld on all sides,
Ile clt:accndcd into the lawn, of which 1havc spnlre~~, and I;Ln
f'or thc river ; but in his fligl~t onc of tllc 1[Tnulccn strllclr lliln
:I scrcro blow oil tlie ribs with a sword, aud then Ile flLllig
Ilililsclf~ with the s.cvorJ. in I~iln, into tl~c Nile. Niue otller
IrtiigI~ts pursued and ltillcd him while in the wstcr, iicar tile
sidc of the gnllcy.%'
Oue of the foresnid lmigl~ts, whose namc was Fancntnic,
seeing the sultan (lead, cut hiin in twain, a.nd tore the heart
from his body. On coming to the king with his 11arlds :~ll
lJootly, 11e snitl, "What milt thou givc 111~who have slain
tllir~e enemy, who, Ilnd he lived, would Imve pnt thee to
tlcsth ?" But the good king St. Louis ~nnrle no answer wllat-
ever to this denland.
Tlle dcetl being (lone, about thirty of them entcrcd ow
gdlcy with their swords drnwn, and their battle-oms nn their
IICC~~.I nskctl Sir BnlJwin d'Ebclin, who unde~.stoocl S:~raccrlic,
wl~at tliey were saying. And Ile replied, tllnt thcy snid
they were corlle to cut off' o~ir I~cnds; and sl~ortlyafter I saw
3 Inrzc bo~ly of our Inen on board confcs.ii11g then~sclves to a
nionk of Lo Trinit6, who had nccon~pnniccl the cour~t of
1%11dcrs. Witli regrtl to lilyself, 1 no longer tllougl~t of
ally sin or cvil I II:I~clor~c, Out that I mns aboc~tto reccive my
death : in conscqucncc, I f'ell on my knees st tlie fcet of one of
* A Chronicle, published by M. Catel,of the year 1249, says, that the
sultan was killed by his own people, in a dispute abont the rnnsorn of
St. Louis. The lord de Joinville writes, that lie was slain by those of
the I-laulequa. Mutt. Wris says, that he was poisoned by his chamberlains.
Aython, in ch. 52, sxys it wlis done by the Comains; and the
Oriental Cl~ronicle, by the Mumelolies. This difference is cnsily recon-
ciled, for the lord de .Ioinville has before said, that the knights of the
Haulerpa formed part of the military f'ome of the s~~ltms of Egypt, com-
posed of childrro sent as trilsute; and Aython adds, that these tributary
children were from Colnanin. These foreign soldiers were, in the Ara-
binn Innguage, culled Marnelukes, as we learn from William of Tyre.
1. 2, ch. 23.

loynlly, than thet thou sl~ouldst rule thcm wickedly and repro:~ellf'll
II y ."
,,
lhc holy king loved truth ..;o I~I~IC~I, thnt cvcn to tile
S:~rwcos aud infitlels, nltllollgll tllcy wore liis cnclnies, hc
wol~ld Ilcver Iic:, nor 1)rc:~I: l~is word iu m1.y tlri~l~ Ilo h:Lcl
~m~uisctl then), as shall bc noticetl hcrei~fter. Witll rcg.zrtl
to his food, hc was extremely telllpcl.:ltc ; for I never ill uly
dwle life lied him csprcbs a wish for any tlelicscies ill
eating or rlrinki~~=, lilx too nlnny rid1 rl~en; but he sat and
took pnticritly w11:ltever wns sct befwo I~i~ii.
111llis corivcrsat,ion he wna reu~nrlably CII:IS~G! ; for I riel-er
i~earclII~III, at any time, 11ttcr nn intlcccnt word, 11or n~nlie
use of the devil's narnc, zvl~ich, howc\~cr, is now vcry commonly
uttered by wery OIIC, by n4icl~ I Brn~ly belicvc is so
fa^ from Lcing qrcenble to G-od, that it is l~igl~ly displcnsing
to hiln.
miscd his IV~IIE!with wntcr by nmmlre, accolding to
the stlcngtll of it, nnrl w11zt it \YOU~CI ]>ear. EIe once askcrl
IIIC, \-r.l~cn at Cyprus, why I did not mix water with my
\;inc. I nns.srwud ml~nt the pl~ysicinns aid surgeoris I I : ~
told mc, tlnt I 11ad (L large head and n colcl S~OIIKLCII, wliicl~
would not bcnr it. But the goo11 kill,? rcplied, tllnt they l~atl
tl(:ccivcd mc, and zdviscd me to dcl water; for tl~:~t, if I clitl
no1 1car11 to tlc EC W I I C ~ young, :l~iilmas to attc~~~pt it in the
clccli~lc of lifc, thc gout a11i1 otl~er clisortlcrs, which I might
I~nwin my S~OI~I:LCII,mould grcntly iucrcasc ; or, perl~ap, by
drinliin; pure wine in my old 'we, I sl~oultl f'rccluc~~tly illtosicnto
n~~selr; nnrl tl~:?.t it was a benstly tliiug fur all
l~onournble ninn to malx I~iniwl F dr~~11i.
My good 101dthe Icing nskctl me at anotl~er tirnc, if I
sl~oluld wisl~ to be I~onourctl in this ~(orlcl, nrltl afterward to
gniu pai:disc; to wliicll I answe~wl, tbnt I should wish it
were so. " Then," rcplied lie, " be careful never knowingly
to rlo or my nny thing cliscpceful, that sho~~ld it beeomc
public, you Irny not hvc to blush, and be ashm~ecl to say I
11:l.v~done illis, or I hnve snid th:~t." 111 lib manner Ilo
tuld lnc Ilevcr to give the lie, or co~itrndict rudcly whn.tever
111i~l1t LC S:L~C~ in my presence, unlcss it shor~ld be sinlo1 or
cliugr:~ccful to SII~CII-it, for ol'tcnti~llcs cnntrzdictio~l cnusex
coarse rel)lies ni~d I~nrsh words, tht hing on qn:~ncls,

l~mlentrusted us. Sue11 conduct, you niny be nssn~wl, will
iuducc 11in1, wl~eu once ~nastcr of tile c:~stle nncl for~rcsscs of
Dn~niett;~, to l~ave us arrested and put to dcath in his prisoms,
tl~~.o~~gl~ fcar tint in proccss of time we nmy take our 1.1:vcn::c
on hin~ ; as his b.l~an~lf:~~lier (lid to the acln~iral and tl~e nt,l~crs
wl~o lli~d lnde tbe counts dc Bar nntl ~le Alontfort prisoners.
Jt will Le therefore more to our advantage that we destroy
])in1 before he escirpc out of our hands."
Tl~iswas unanin~ously assented tu ;and tl~ey inst;~.ntly went
to practise with the bmd of the Haulecn, wbo, as I Ilave said
hefo~t, nrc those who Imve the gnmd nf the aultnn'.. pel,sorr.
'l'l~cy n~atlc to them remonstrances on the su1)ject dilar to
tl~oeo wl~icl~ they 11dmade atnong tl~emselves, and required
of them to slay the sultan, w11icl1 they prornisetl to do.
One day the saltn.n invited the lcr~igl~ts of tl~c Hnuleca to
dine with I~iin. After the dinner, mhcn he 11nd t:~kcn Ieavc
of his admirals, and was about to retire to his cl~alnber, one
of tl~cse Sruigl~ts, \vho bore the sultan's sword, struck him a
blow on tl~c I~ar~tl, whicl~ cut up his arm between tile four
fingers. The SU~~LLII, turning to his adn~irala, who I~ntl bee11
the! i~~stigntors of it, said, " My lords, I n~alce my comp1;~int
to you agaiost the linigl~ts of the EIi~ulecn., who hove endenvo11re11
to kill nlo, u you may see by ~ny Ilnntl." Thy all
replied, that it was much better he sl~ould I)e slain than that
IIC ~uurclerthem, m he would ~swretlly do if once in possessio~~
uf the fortresses of Dnmictta.
r ,
1.1~conspirntors xtcd wit11 great caution, for they orllcretl
tile sultan's trnnipcts and nscaires to sound for the nesemlrling
of the nrniy to Itnow the snltnn's will. The nrl~nirals
nu11 their accomplices to111 them, Ihn~ictta was taken, that the
s11ltan was ~n;~rcl~ing tl~itl~er, and uulcrcd them to arm and
follow Ili~n. Instnutly a11 amcd, nnd set or, full gallop,
towards Un111ietta. We were 11111~11frightenctl, OII noticing
w11;lt w;w goiug forward, for we really believed lhnicth had
bccn stormcd.
The soltmi, tl1o11g11 WOUII~CI~, Lcin; aware of the mslicc of
his cnernics, who I d conspirccl ng~inst his person, fled to the
11igl1 tower ncar his cl~an~ber wl~icl~ I mentionctl; for those
of tile EIaulec:~ liad already destroyed llis otlrer pavilions, au~l
were surroun~ling tl~;~t in which 110 lind hidden l~imself.
Withi11 this tower \rere tl~rcc uF his ecclesiastics, wl~ollacl dined

n-0
PR~~.I.IRB.] ON PORIP TN DRESS. .J.)'J
wl~ich create blooclsl~ecl, and nre ~AIC mcnns of tbe deatlis of
tllons;~n~s.
He ;&o ::lid, t1151 every one should dress and quip I~ilnsclf
acco~,rli~~,ghis to rank in life. 2nd his fortune, in orllc~
tl~:lt tl~c 111wlcnt :ml clclers of this wi~rld ~
II~III, by s:lying SII~:~ n, cinc 11:~s dt~ne too rntrch", 2nd tl~at thc
youth III:LY n ~ r611lWk, t tl~nt sucl~ n one 11ns douc too litllc,
and tlishol~onrs 11is shtion in socirty. On tliis snbjcct, I
I.CIIIPIII~,CI.nncc t11c yootl lord Icing, f;~tl~er to tl~c killg IIO!V on
tlie tl~mrc, sl)c:~killg of tl~e polnl) of tire?:, luld thc c:nl~~nitli~rc~l
co:i.ls of arms t,l~nt.:wn 11ow tlni!;. ccrlnlnoj ill f,l:c,
nrmiics. I said to the prrsl:nt Iii~rg, th:~t wl~cu I was in tl~c:
Holy Enntl wit11 his Iitl~cr, :~ndin l~is n.rIny, I ncvcr saw oi~e
si~~~lc. c~~~broillc~,c~l co:~t or o1.ns111c11tr.11 s:rtlcllc in the 110ssession
of tl~e king liis htl~er, or of nny otl~cr lord. I-Io
snswurctl, tlmt Ile I d clonc: wrong in cn~lrroidc~~inq his arms ;
2nd tl!:~t lie I d some ~:onts tlnt I~silcost 11i1n ci,yIil I~uucl~wl
i
i i c s 1 repliecl, that he \vonlJ I1:~ve :ic.~rcl bctter if
Ile hml givc~~ tl~en~ in cllxrity, 2nd II:~ his clrcss nindc of
good scntl;~l," lined and st~~cngthcncd wit11 his urns, lilie zs
the king, his fatlier, llnJ done.
Tl~c good king, once c:~lli~~g rne to I~inl, snid 11e wanted to talk
wit11 nlc, on ncc:ur~nt of tl~cl~~icl;ness of ~lntlcrstsntliny Ile knew
I posscssc~l. In the prcscncc of scvernl, 11e ntlded, I 11nw
callctl Lliese two n~o~~lts, a d beforc tl~c~n :isk yuu tl~is question
rcsl~ccting Go11 :" "Sencscl~nl, wl~nt is C+od ?" " Sire," re-
!~lictL 1, '' Ilc is so sup~.ctn~~ly gootl, nothing cnn escec~l 11i1n."
In ~I.II~~I," :~~~swerecl ll~e king, LL h:~t is \vcII said, for your
snswrr is \vrit.!c11 in tl~c ljttlc Look I 11:~vein my Irnnd. I
will pnt nnotl~cr q~~estion to you, wllcll~er yuu ~I:LI~ rsthrr be
L~nezr:~u ct Idre,'+ or lmvc com~nittcd, or be ahout to cornn~it,
* Srndnl or c~ndd,is what we cdl t:~fTety. In the account of
Stepl~cncle la Funtaine, wbo was sil\-rlxnich to tile king, in tl~e ymr
1391, wl~il:liis in the Chnmher of Accounts at Paris, there ia a cliurge 'I For
two bundles of scarlet cendol, 120 crowns. For one bundle of yellow
cendal, 52 crowns," kc.
t These two words are synonymous, and signify lepers, of whom, at
that period, there were numbers, more esper:ially in the Holy Land.
Philippes de Benumanoir, chap. 62, snys,-" When lepers call to them
a holy man, or a holy man calls to a lcprr, the leper may put hin~self in a
state of defence, because he is out of the plnt?rhon of the law," In ar?
old manuscript law-book of Nor~nnndy, it is deolured, " that the mael
I I I uut~ ~C~JI'O:LC~I
0.

nr~d great oi+kcrs of the king, ~houlJ bc ernbarked in four of
thc 1:1rpt ;;dlep, n.nd contl~~cte~l to Dntl~i~tt;~. the
f;"\\cy nn boar11of wbidl I was sl~ipped, wcrc tllc Rood count
Pctcr of B~.ittnr~y, Willinw count of Pln~~cle~~~, Jolln, tire good
count clr, Soisorls, Sir 1-rymbert do Benujeu, conulnblo of
Prarlce, :md tll(lse two esccllcr~t IanighLs nud broillers, Sip
Jhltlwin nncl 8ir Chy d'Ebelin.
'rhe captain of the galley 111n.(1e 11s land before a large Ilouse
which the so1k1.n Ilnd crected OII the bnnlts of the river, v,Ilere
t1.1e1.c wn.s n, hantlsonlc tower ma.de of poles of fir-wood, :~nd
coverctl witlt pnintcd clotl~. At the entrmce n peat pnviIioll
Iln-l bcm piid~od, wllcre the ndn~ir;tls of the sul tnn left their
sworrls nid stn~c whcuever thry wanted to spnd; with him.
1';~ssing this pnvilion, there wm nnotller very lla~ttlson~e oxte­
P
way, tl~nt Icd to the g ~ s11dl t of the sultan, ant1 acljo~ning
wns a tower like unto tl~c first, by wl~icl~ they mounted to thc
clmubcr of the sultan. In the ~nidst of this lodgment wns n
Itantlsome lilwn, on which wa-9 anot,ller tow erlnrger tltnn the
otl~ers, wl~euce the snltan ntadc 11is ok)sr,rvntions on the surrouiidii~g
connt~y, and on em11 army. There was in this Inwn
an dley tint led to tlte river, nt the cnd of wllich the sultnn
Imd tnnde a summer-house on the strand to bathe I~i~nselL
This summer-house was formed of trelliswolk, covered with
Indim linen, Lo prevcnt ally one seeing wllat pnsscd withinsick.
All tire towers wen? 1:l;uwiso covel-cd with clotl~.
We zrrived before tbis lodging on the Thursdny preceding
tl~e fe:~et of the Ascensiun of our 1,ord. Near lo it the king
]I:L,I In,~~~lrrl, to l~oltl n prlcy with the sdtan in a pavilion, mtI
it was tl~rn :lgrcecl that tl~c ensui~~g Saturday t11o kiug slrould
go to Datnictta.
Just m we were on our dcl~nrtnrc for Dmliettn, to snrren-
&r to the soIt:rn, the ndmird ol the present sultnn's father
sl~cwcd gre:~t dissntisfaction with the reigning monnrcl~.
Altl~ou~l~ he lmrl lmu the principal nntllnr of his 11nviug bet:r~
sent for 011 his f:~.ther's clcntll n.t Damiettn, to succeed to tilo
tllrnne, Ile l~ncl mucll disnppointcrl tlx ntlmilnl by disn~issing
hill1 froto hiu office or constn.ble, ant1 othcrs from tlrcir nnrsllnlsl~jps
:~ntl sc~~csc;l~:~!sl~ips, to provide for those wl~o I~nd
~cco~r~~~:rnictl him to Egypt.
'('11~~ tl~creforc held n council, when he said,-" My lords,
~ O I Iscr: IIOW ~n~tcl~ thc anltnn has did~onoured us, by dcpriving
us of those governments and honours with which his fder

a nlortx.1 sin ?" BLI~I: who V~LIL~ not tdl a, lie, replied
"tllst I would rather have co~uulitted thirty ~lcxll~ sills tllnu
he s leper."
Wllcu the two friars wcro gone nivay, hc c:t.llell me to Ilinl
n.]one, ~~la,l;ing mo sit at his fwt, ad snid, "How collltl yoll
t1:n.e to rrlake the answcr you ditl to Iny last q ~ c ~ t i o ~
When I rcl)lictl, "Wero I to :Lnswer it :upin, I slloulcl rcpest
~ v
th2 S;LI~IO tl~ing," 110 instantly said,-"All, fad II)IIS;LI.~!*
MI IS:^^, you arc deceived ; for you nlnst know tl~er~? call to
no leprosy so filthy as ~len~lly sill, rind the s:)~11 bll:rt i..i guiliy
of srlah is like tl~c dcvil iu MI. It is \,cry trnc," IIP :~&lc~l,
"that when thc leprow ruaii is dcnd, he is curd of t11;l.t
diaortlcr ; but when the m:ln who 11.z~ committed :I, ~ lc:~~ll~ siu
tlics, IIC is not nsaured for ccrtsin tht 110 11311 suHicic~~tly repcntcJ
of it beforc hi.s dc:tth, to induce the gootlncss of God
to paldon Ilim : for which c:u~so LIC must have grc;~t fcnss lest
this leprosy of sin nxay cntlurc for n length of tilike, crcn so
loug w God nuy rernrun in pnlwlisc.
I thcreforc eiitl.e;tt of you, firs^ for the love of God, and
nmt for the nFcction you bcnr me, tlt:~t you retitin in your
l~~wf what I linve mid, sncl thnt you wo~ild rnucL ~~tllc~ pre-
fer Iroving yoru body cow-etl wit11 the Inost filthy leprosy
tl1:l.n sltffcr your soul to con~lnits single dedly sin, which is
of nll things t11c most infs~nous."
1-18 tllcn inquired if I wml~ecl the feet of the poor on
Iioly Thucsdny. On which I said, "Oh, for shame, no;
nnrl never nil1 E was11 the feet of snch fcllomu." "This
is in tr~~tll," replicd he, " wry ill snid, for yon sl~ould
nl:ver 111,)lcl in disrlnin wl~:~.t God did for our instruction ; for
i!e who is lorcl and mwter of th: uuivcr~e, on 1Lu.t sxino
thy, 1Tnl.y Thurstl;~y, w:~sI~cd the lcet of all his :~,postles,
l;c~lliu,~tl~cm, t11:l.t lie who was thoir mnst,cr 11:dthus clone,
t,!~nthy, in likc nlanner, uligllt do t11c same to o d otl~er.
I tl~ercforc hcq of yon, out of love to him first, and then
I'YOII~ yonr reprd to me, I;l:,;~tyon would nceustorn yourself to
clo so."
(l?lw~.)cannot be heir to any elm, since the disorder is visihly inwensing,
I)ut tlint hc may possess the iuhcritmcr be h:~dbefore he becnmea Icper."
In the Assizes of Jeri~baI~~n,1?H-'' CII. Whoever pleases tnny chnllcnge
nld chi111 at thc assizes any lni~ieor. femali: slave hc had bought, whetl~rr
Irper or not, or n;Hicncl with any ntlw R!.tIy clisor.ler."
* Idler, one who nmuees I~in~sell'by t1ui11g nothing.

,
two Llocl;s, passing his lcs tthrougl~ brontl pins ; they t11e11 fix
tl~cI I ~ P C block ~ on the snttierer, nntl ~nnlx nnlnrl sit or) I~irn, I),y
whicli m:ms all the sn~all boncs of his legs nrc 1)rol;en or tlislocatd.
TOincrease the torture, nt the end of thee dnys tl~ey
rcphce his legs, wiiicl~ n.re IIOW grc:~tly swollen, in the be~mich,
:mcl bred< the111 ngnin, whiclr is t.he no st crucl thing ever
11c:~rcl; and they tie his hcutl tlown with bullocl;'~ sincws, [or
fcsr he should lnovc l~il~rsclf wl~ile in tl~e~n.
Tl~egood Iting lieltl nll tl~cir menaces cheap, and said, thnt
sir~cc he was tlieir priso~~e~. they 111ig11t do to hi111 w11:~t~vcr
they pleased. Tl~c! S:zrxel~s fiudinq they could IIO~COII,[IIC~
tl~c king by thrc:its, canle to him, and nskcd how ~nucl; Illouey
hc woultl give tlie sulhn for his rmlsom, in adclitioi~ to 1)amiettn,
wllicll ws to be snrrentlerecl. The king replied, t11n.t if llie
sultnn would be co~~te~~eccl will^ a rcmonnl)lc mnsom, Ile would
write to tl~c qucctl to pny it For l~imself aid his nr1n.y. Tl~e Sarnccns
nskc~l why he w:~ntctl to write to the qucen. IIe nnswc~.etl,
tl~nt it wns but rc:lsonable IIC s11ouItl do so, for thnt sl~e was
his wifc ant1 co~~~panion. Tht: conncil tlicn went to tl~c sultn~~
to know w11:~t sun1 Ile rcquircrl from tlle 1;irlg; nut1 on their
return told the lii~rg, that if the qnecu mould pay n million of
golden besmts, cqunl at that tinre to 500,000 livres, slm
would, Ly so doing, obtain tl~e king's liberty. The kin:: tl1e11
nslrecl Illem, on thcir o:~tl~, sltoultl the iluccn pny tl~csc 500,000
livres, nroulcl the sultnn conse~~t to his tlelivcl~:~uce. On illis
thcy again returned to tl~c d h n to know if Ile would bill11
l~ilr~scll' by sucll a, promisc, nncl brougl~t baclc his answer, that
11e was vcry willing so to do.
The cotinc.il then took their oaths to the p~~nctunl fulfil~nenk
of this agreement, wl~icl~, wl~cn doue, the king cngnpl to pay
cl~eerfully, for the ransom of his nrn~y, 50U,OOU livres; and
thnt for his ow11 ranson1 he would sorrentlcr the town of
Dan~iettn to the sultan ; for 11e -vvm of a milk whose bodily
ransoln could not bc cstimated by the value of u~oncy.
Wl~en tl~e sult;z11 I~emd the gooil tlis~ositio~~ of tl~c king, Ile
snicl, " By my faith, the Preuel~~n;~~~ is generous aud Ii bernl,
when he does r~ot conclcsccnd to b:irpin nbout so iarge a sum
of nloncy, but has instantly conlplied with tho first tleun:tnd.
GO, m d tcll him from IIIC," adclecl the sdtan, " t ht I mnke
him ,z present of 100,000 livres, so tLat he will h:~ve only LO
pay 400,000."
I'he sultan then comn~nncled that all of the principal uohles,

-. , L'RRLIN.] Ills AD3IONITION AGAINST WIII8PEILINO. 355
I'lc loved every one ml~a, wit11 ~~prigl~tnc.+s of Itcnrt, fc:~ 1.w1
nn~i Iovccl God; insij111ucl1 tll:lt fyoln tl~c grcst rcpuk~tion 11s
ball IIC:L~C[ of nly brotl~c:r Sir Grilles tic rhuyn, wlw \\,as not
a I"ITIIC~IIII:LII, for his fear iu~d love or God, as was tl~c trt~tl~,
110 ;~ppoi~~tc(I II~IIIco~~s:iJ)le of FI.:LIICG.
Jh like wwner, front tl~c favourablc rcport which he 11:d
Ill:n!d of Mastel: Itubert dc So~hn being a co~~wgcous :1,i1(1
discrcct In:ui, 11c m:de l~ilii onc OE It is ~emou;d nttci~(l:~nts, :i11(1
pcmittcd II~III to pnrt:lI:e of his t:~ble. One tim, as wc:
W C I ~sitting uenr cuch otl~cr, and eating and ilri~tkirlgat 1111:
l;i~~g'~d~lc,convc~sed we
togeher in ix low vcice, wllic.11
the good king oLservi~~g repri~~~antled 11s 4y saying, "I'OII
act wrong thus to wl~islw togetllcr; speak out, ll~.~t yolli.
co~~~pnnions u~aynot suspect you arc t;~ll

asked u.s, by nleans of nn interpreter, who spolre and understc,od
our hngr~age well, if it were true that we believed ill
onc only Got], ~110 h l bccll llorn for our ~ ~Ilr~ti~~, ,vns
cificd to ~lcath, and after three days rose -in to sa,,c us.
We nmwerctl, h t wlmt we llnd licad was perfectly true.
On this he rcplicJ, tht sincc it was so, we ougllt not to be
cast down for any pcrscclltions we might suffcr for his s:tke;
nnd tlmt wc had not as yet cn1111rcd dcatll for him, wj Ile
dono for 11s ;and sincc 11e had the power to raise hi~nself
the dcntl, it would not bc lollg before IIC would deliver us.
The old S:wncen then went nw:l.y with nll the ynung ,1~~11,
witl~out doing any thing more, wl~icll rejojcctl me e~cceclin~l~ ;
for I 1w.lly thougl~t tl~e intent of his visit was to cut our
11e:~tlsof: It was not long after this before we Ilcord news
of our dcli \wnncc.
The snltnu's council soon rctui~ed to us aaain, and said the
king II:LII escrtcd l~iniself so efcctunlly, that he had s~~cceeded
in obt:t.iniug oil1 liberty. They orderc~l 11sto sen11 four of
our COII\~)LLII~ to hcnr an11 know the term on which me were
to l~ave our 6-aeclom. To tlris end we deputctl the lords John
de Valeri, T'l~ilip dc Montfort, Bolilwin dc fibelin', senescl~nl
of Cyprus, and his brother, the constddc of Cyp1.u~who was
one of tllc handsomest and best-infonnecl knights1 ever knew,
and wl~o lovctl grcntly the people of that country.
Thew follr knigl~ts mere not long in bringing us the terms
of our liberty. In order to try the king, tho sultm's council
11aJ nintle the mrnc den~nntlri from liini as from us; but it
plensetl God that the good Iting, St. Louis, made similar
ansnrcys to wh~kwe l~nddone tllrough the mouth of Count
Peter 01' llrittn~~y.TIN cn~uncil, sreing the king would not
co~nply wit11 their tlcniantls, tllreatcned to put him iu the
bel.~iioleq* wl~ich is the grentc.;t torture they can i~tflicton
nny one. Tl~c bernicles are fo~'tned of two thick blocks of
~vood, fn+mxf togetl~crat tllc top; xncl when they use this
mode of torture,they lay the person on his side, bctween tl~esc
* This engi~~e of torture appears to hove been made of pieces of wood
piercctl sit11 holcs, into which the legs of crimiuuls were put : tlley \yere
~~lncetl ut s ~ dist;rnccs h from each other, nnd forced to so gl.eat an exten­
sion of the legs ns mused very great pain, for lhe cri~ninals coukl not
draw thclu back opin. The holes in these pieces of ~voorl at various
di.~tnncc:.,and the lcgs of the criwilral were inscrted into those that ex-
telltled tllern to a greater or lesser distance, according to the lleir~ousness
of the crime or the puius to be inficted.

thinliing to acquit himself by thn Imge sums nrllicll Ile gave,
or sho~rlrl 1c:~vc to t l ~ nlon:lstery uf f:~tllcr-~r~~~l~~~
in
Provins ; fi019 tl~e tlisaeet m:m, as long 11s he lives, ouSllt to
act like to the f:iithJ'~11 executor of R will." First, he ongllt
to rcslorc :tnd ndce :~menclu for any W~OII~R or I I I ~ ~ I I ( I[Une
! ~ ~ ~ ~
to otlwrs by the cleccnsctl; nnd from tl~e residue OF tl~e fol,tllno
wf the tlc;i~l Ile sl~n~lil give alms to the poor, in the; nanle of
Gotl, &: illc Sr:~-ipt~~~*t? plainly sl~eneth.
TI18 hol,v kin: wns, out? \Vl~its~rn I~olidays,nt Clorl)eiI, nocon~pnicd
by full 300 Imigl~ty, nld also hy Master ltobcrt de
Sorbnn :ml ~nyxlf. Aft,cr di~~ncr, the king a7p.ut into tllc
~nc:~downi)ovc thc chn-pei, to spcnk with the earl of I?rittany,+
~:L~IIcI' to the plcscnt tlulcc, whew son1 nlay {Qocl reccive,
vhen M:-rstcr. Ilol~crt, tnlring 1101~1 of my mantle, in the presence
of t h Icing mcl the ~tol)lc cornpauy, nL,cd my npi~~ion,
~vl~c!tliw, if tllc ki~~g sl~ol~lcl sent 11i111sclf in tl~is nwntlow, n.11d I
werc to plwc myself on s hcnch above 11ir11, I sl~onltl, or
sllould not,, be blalnenllc ; to wbicl~ I answered, " Ycs, n~ost
certainly." " Why, tben," aJcled he, " do not you thi:~li
yonrs~ll' blnm~-worthy for being more richly dressed tl~nn the
Ici~lg?" " h'luster. Roben," replicd I, ''saving tl~e king's
Iin~ionr and yoltrs, I nrn in this resl~cctl)!:~.meless ; for the dress
I wear, rjrlcll ns yon see it, w:u left me by nly : L~CPP~O~P, nntl I
I~sve not 11:~tl it 111:ule frnw my owu nutbority. It is yon, on
tl~c contrn~y, tl~:~.t dcscrve being repri~~~nnrIecl; fo~. you are
descc~~tlcd ~~'OIII [)on,ln~en,on both sitlea, hnve quittccl tl~e dress
nf ynllr n.n~!c::tors, and have clotl~ed yourself in finW cnlllk.
than wlnt the kill:: now wears."
I tl~cn tonlc Irold of his surcost:; and cornpnred it with wbnt
* The lord de Joinvilk is Inugl~ing nt those who, having committed
ntrocious ;lr.ts of plr~ntle:. during their lives, imagine they may wquit
themselves before God by giving alms to some monxsterirs or churches.
./. John 1. of the nnme, ant1 who is noticed in scveriil ports of this
history. Be died the 8th ol' October. 12tlG, aid nus fatl~er to Jnlm II.,
duke of Bl.itrnn:., dcce;wd in the yeur 1304. It is appnre~~t, fro~nthis,
that the lord d:! Joinvills w o k his history, or at least alqnented or corrected
it ut diifcrcnt times ; ti)].in this p;wt he si~ys, tbnt John 11. \WS
still alive, an11 ~lstwhrre lic sl~eaksof Guy cle Dampierre, earl of Fh~ders,
nnd of his deurh. which I~appr~~cil at Compeigne iu this ss~neycur 1305.
$ A sort of drws or robe conlmon to men i~ndwomcn. In the accounts
quoted in the preceding note is nn or~icle,-" For three pieces nnd n half
ol fine velvet in grain, given to the aforesaid Eustuche, to make a surcoat,

%
A.D. l"0.1 COUNCIL IIELD BY THE ShlZACGh'S.
443
lad us into anothcr tcnt, where we llnd miseralde cheer.
XIIIII~~~Y of knigllts an11 otl~cr men were coulilled in a 1:~rgo
court, surroundccl with walls of mud. Tllc gunrtls of this
prison led then^ out one at 3 time, and uketl ewh if I I rnoultl
~
bucomc n renegsclo: tl~ose that nnswcrecl in tl~e affirmative
were put aside, but those who refused, instmtly l~ad tl~cir
4 I~cads cut off.
Shortly after, the couucil of tl~csultan sent [or us, ant1 den~mde~l
to wlion~ it was n~ost ag~~eenlde they sl~onld deliver tl~e
sultan's mcssnge. Wc unani~nously nnswcrccl, by nlenns of nu
irbtelpwlur, w11o spoke both l'lwch and Snmcc~~, to A(: count
Peter of Urittnuy. This W:LS the message : " Rly lords, the
sulta~~ asks by 11s if you wisl~ to be flea, and wl~at you wc
milling to give fo~ yo~~r lihcrty ?"
To this the earl of P,rittn.~iy rcplicd, tlmt wc all I~ewtily
wisLcd to be Jcliverctl fro111 t.he l~nl~tlv of the sdt,nn, wl~o llnd
~nade us YNTW west nnrcasul~nbly. Bnt wlwn tlrc conucil of
the sulttln :~skctl if we wo1.11d not be willi~~g to give fo~ ow
musoul some of the castlcs of the barons of the Iloly Land,
the c:~rl of Brittnuy nnswe~.ed, that we could not possibly
; cou~~ly ; for these castlcs and strong ]I,~:ICCS bcl~ngcd to the
c~nl~eror of C;crnl:rny,* notv on the tl~ronc, :ml who would
nevcr comeut to tl~c sultan holding my iicfs ~mdcr Iii~n.
The council llm aslied if we woultl not s~~rrcntler solrle of
the castles 1,elonging to the l[

tl~e kin;: Iml on, saying, " Now sec, if 1 dill 11ot icll I~IC
tr~~tl~." 'l'l~n ]id, " YUUII:GVC IN:II:IYCLI vely
ill, I)cing my clriltlreo, in 11ot. i~~st;intly 01>cyi11~ ,PVII:L~ 1 ordetwl
01' you ; Q I I ~tnkc c:wc tht this llevcr liappen npin." They
mwcrctl, tl~at tl~cy wo111t.I bc ca~~tious it sL~,olclnot.
r '
1l~cu turnillg towards me, 110 s:~icl, t11;rt IIC I~nd cxllcd us to
l~irnto cvnfess to mc Lint Ire 11nd h u iu t.1~wron:, in taking
thc pwt of blnstcr hl~crt; " but," continued I J ~ ,'' I dill so
fro~i~ scci~~g 11im so m11cl1 couti)~~n~lcd, h t 11o I d need of my
.asi,?t:~nce; you 111nst not, Ilvnwe~., 1L1irik nr I)elicve t11n.t 1
dicl it from tl~e conviction of 11h Iwing in tl~c rigltt.; fol; as
tl~c scncschal said, every nnc v~1g11t to dl.csa 11i111scIf decci~tly,
in order to be Illore belovul by his wifc, and ~uorc cstcc~~~cd
by his tlcpentlnntu." 1'110 wisc nun says, wc 011gl1t Lo III.C.\S
o~~rsc!vcs in such rn;wner t11:lt ths rnorc ubst'rving 11;wt of Innu-
Iii~itl nlsy not tl~inl; WL'cl~tllcOIII.SI~VCStvo g1.:111clIy, nor the
younger part sn,y we ~IWS ton nlc:mly.
You YIIx.IIIIOW hear IL rn:itter of infv~.mnlion which tl~e good
kin;. n~ntle llie to untlerstd. Wllcn rot~wning froni Asi;], we
a dress mantle, and o hat lined with eminrs for the king, agninst the feast
of the Star. kc. For the said s~irco~t, o fur linin~ol'3-lG crmincs, for the
slrrvcs alrd wristbnnrls. 60, I'or the li-nck. 336." kc. 1r;aacus Po~~tmius,
in the description ol' Uenrn:ll.k, prig 8U1, remarks, ther mllonl; Llw Dunes
the word swk signifies a vronin~i'sdress. It w:ly bc tl~i~t the French
haw burrowed this term l'rom the Norm;lr~s,who frequently ravnged
France ; but it is more p~~~h;~ble that this dre:s was so cdled from
being worn over the coat. This nilme was nlterwords given to the
robes of the men.

In the like manner did they den1 with the otller
for :L? thy wem 1ll.nwl1 ~ llt of the hold of the g:llleys wllerein ;
they had been c(mfincd, tliem were snrmns purposely l,ostcrl,
wl~o, on sc~ling any one wdi or ill, IdeJ lli111 and tilrew hiln
into the wtcr. Sndl was the treatn~ent of tllo unfl,rtllnnte
sick. SI:C~IIX tllis tyranny, I told tl~eni, throngll tllc illherprctatio~~of
nlY Saraci:~~, that t,l~ey were doing very mronrr
,>7
: L I ~c~nt~~ry to the cou~mands of Wadin the pi~gnl-,,who hntl
declnrcd it uulnwful to put to death any one to wllon1 tlley
had give11 salt and 1)rc:rd. They made answer, th~t they were
ilestl.oying men of no use, for tht tlle~~ wcre too ill wit11 tlicii.
disorders to do any scrviw.
After tlis they br011gIit bcfore me my mnrincrs, ant1
mid they had dl tlenictl their faith. 1 replied 1 did not
bclievo it, but that their fenrs of ded~ might hnve csusetl
thm to my SO, R I that ~ the rno~nent they found tl~ernselves
in anotlm country they woulcl roti~rn to their ow~i religioll.
Tl~encl~nind atltlccl to this, tl~~t he belicvccl firmly what I
said, for tl~i~t Saladin hnd dcclarctl, tint a Cllristinn IVW
never known to m:rlte s good pagan, nol. s goml 8:~rnccn a
Cliristinn. 'l'l~a nilnlil;il, soon after, N:L~O rile mount a
ldfrey, and wc rode side by sitle over n bridge to tl~c place
wLwe St. Louis and his Inen wcre prisoners.
At the eutrancc of :I Inrge pavilion wc found a secretnry
writing down the nnnics of tile prisoners by orders of the
sultan. I was therc forced to tlec1:u.e nly nurw, which I no
wn,y \tisl~crl to conccnl, and it was writtcn clown with tile
ot11c1.s. As wo entere~l this pnvilion the Samcen, wlm II:II~
prcscrvccl nly lift, and II:.~ nlwnys lollowed nlc, said, '.Sir,
you nus st excusc me, but I cannot follow you forthcr. I
advise :~nd entreat that you will ncvcr quit tlrc Ilmid of this
young boy w111)m you linve with yon, otl~erwise thc Snrncens
will IIIII~~IW Ili~n." l'l~e boy's name was Bartholomew de
Mont.f:~r~c~n~, son to tlrc lor11 3fontf;won de Bar.
Wllcn n-iy ~ln~ne wns rvrittc~~ down, the admiral led me :md
the li~tleboy to tlle tent where wcre the barons of li'ranec,
a~ltlmore tlmu t c ~tllousnnd otl~er persons with tl~en~. On
my cntrai,ce, every one cec~uetl to lestify great pleasure at
iceing me :1,gni11 ; and for SOIIIC time noihing could bc heard
for their noisy joy, as they concl~ded I h:d Leer1 murdered.
TINSas we were together, Iqing, tthroug-h the grxe of'
God, we shoultl not 1.ong re~nain iu tlris state, s rich Ss~ncer?

wore dri~en ncnr to the isle of Cyprus by a wind cnlled
Cjnrbun,' whicl~ is not one of the principal wiuds t,llat rlllo ills
sen; and onr vesscl strnclc will1 SII~II forCB 011 2 roO1i
frightened IJllr s:~ilors, wlm, in dcsljnir, tnrc their clutllcs
bc:~rtls. l'he poll king 1c:~peil out of his bed b3rcfc)Otctl,
with only,zgown on, nlld rsn to throwhi~nsclf on his linccs I,cfort
the lrdy sncrnnlont, like on0 instnntly espectillg de:l,tlL.
Stiortly dtw, the wc:lLllcr l)ccnrne alln. C)n the morro~, the
l.:ing callcd rnc nn11 s:ritl, " Seneschal, Iinow that God llas
shewn to ns 2 part of his grC%L powcr ; for one of tl~cse triflina
a
wintls, wl~ich SC:L.I'CC~Y dcser~esx n%n18, lrnd nl~nust drowned
Llle lri~~g of P~mcc,Iris queen, cldtlren, nntl Itmily ; and St.
Atlcc:~~~ne deelnrw, thy :we tllc meruccs of our I;orcl, as if
God hl snid, ' Now see :~nd feel ~hnt if 1 11ad willccl it, yo11
woulcl :)I1 hve becn drowned."' Tllc good king ndhl, " LoI.,~
Ciotl, why dost thou ~llcnucc us ? for the tl~reat tl~on uttcrest
is neither for thy Ironour nor 111.06t; and if tl~on llnclat drowned
11s dl, thou wouldst uot lrsve been rich nor poorcr : thy
lnennccs, tl~creforc, must be inte~ded for ollr n.dvmitngo, n.nd
nut for thine, if we be c~pable of unclershndin,~ and laowing
tl~cm. By these t1lre:~tertingsJ' s:~itl the hnly king, "me
ou,yI~t to know, that, if we bme In us the sn~allcst thing clisp1e:~sing
to God, me shiltl iusk~ntly driva it from us; and, in
like Inannur, we sl~oultl rliligent.ly pcrfnr~n evcry t11in.y thnt wc
snppose wo~~ld give him plct~surt: and mhsfnction. Sf we tl~us
act, our Lord will give us 111orc iu this world and in the next
tBnn wc ourselves can in~zgine. UII~ sliouid we act otlierwisc,
he will do to us as tl~o n~astcr ducs to Iris wicket! servant ; for
if the wicked servant will not correct himelf, ill co~lseqnence
of the rncnwes bc rccciws, 11i.s ~nasler pnnislres hi111 in his
body, nnJ in his goods nntil dcatl~;or E~rthcl. were it possible.
,II snclrwise will our Lord punish the perverse sinner wlro
sldl not be reclaimed b.y the b11l.e:tts which he llenrs ; 2nd he
will be the niom heavily stricltcn in Ootly 2nd gootls."
This l~nly ];ing, and ~ood mnn, took infinite poius, ns you
sl~:r.ll Ilenr, to rnal;e me fi~mily Mieve the Cl~ristisn 1:~~s
wlricll God 11%~ given 11s. He snitl, we shoold so pnnctudly
believo every articlc of tlm f;iitlr, t1u.t for :my tlring h t may
1x3 done against ns pcrsonnlly, wc ought not to act or sny :my
thing contrafry to them. IIe ntl~lctl, that tl~e encmy of i~rnn-
* In Ituliun garhino ; mllcd by E~rglbl~ sailors a south-wester.

without fail, and thrown into the river. The admiral again
nsld n~c, if I 11ad any acquointancc wit11 the cmpcror
Ycr1.y" of Gcrmany, tl~cn living, and if 1wcrc of his lineage;
I nuswered truly, thnt I 11ad henrcl my mother say I w:@ his
secoucl cousi~~. 'l'l~e admiral rcpliecl, tl~st he would love me
the bctter for it.
,,
1l~us, ns we were eating and drinking, he sent for an inhabitant
of Paris to comc to me, who, on his entmucc, sceing
whnt we wcrc doing, esd:~iuled, "Ah, sir, what are you
about ?" LL What am I about !" replied I. When 11e infor~nccl
me, VII the part of God, tliat I ~3.i eatills ~r~c.zt on R
Friilny. On which, I suddeldy threw my trencl~cr bellind
me; nncl the ad~nirnl, noticing it, ~ilicd of my friendly Sanccn,
who mns always with me, why I had left OH' enking. I-To
told him, bccnusc it was a F~ricl:~y, whiall I had forgotten.
The admiral snicl, that God could ncver bc displeased, beca~~sc
I 11wl done it unlrnowingly. You must kllow, that the
legate who had ~ccompanietl the Iring frcqucntly reproached
me for fasting \VLIGII thus ill, and when the was not nuy
ststesmnn bnt ~~lyself left with the king, and that X should
I hurt mysclf by fasting. But notwithstat~ding this, and tht I
was 3 prisoner, I never fdcd to fast evcry Friday on bread
autl wntor.
I b
A COWTINUATION OF THE SECOND PART OF THE MEMOIRS
OF JOHN LORD UE JOINVILLE,
&c. kc. 'yc.
ON the Sunclay aftcr wc had been nlndc prisonem, LLo arlmiral
oulerecl d l tl~nt 11nd been talien on tl~c Nile to be
brougl~i; froln thc c:~stle, 011 the h:mlrs of the river. In my
prosonce, my cl~aplnin mas dragged from the l~old of the
galley ; but, on cowing to tllc opcn nir, Ile fninletl, aud the
Samcens killed him i~~stnntly hcfore my eyes, ant1 flung him
into the strcnn~. His clerk, from tl~c clisorclcr he hail caught
when wit11 the army, bcing unable to stnntl, they cast a,mortas
on his I I ~ killed , l~i~n, : L I ~flnng 11ini nfkr his n~nster.
* l'lic emperor lhdclic TI.

* Giovnnni Villmi, 1. 6, ch. 7, attributes this Iristory to St. Louis him-
sol[, and not to Ll~e count de Mu~tforL.

440 JOINVILLE'S MERlOtRS OF ShIKT LOUIS IX. [pT. 11.
e~~~ectnrl nothing else. for IIC that should do it would imnpinc
he II:L~ :quire~I 11onour.
This S:~rncen who llarl saved me fro~n rlrowni~~,g \voultl not
quit hold of me, but cricd out to thcm, "Tlx Iti11g'~ colw;ll !
tlle king's cousin!"
I fblt the I

you llnvc dona .I foolis11 thing-, iu thus strikinm tho .Tow ;"
P
but Ll~e 1mi:;ht answered, " You llave cut~lrn~ttctl ;L I ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~
grentcr fully in pern~itting snch an a:sc1111,ly, :LIIJ ~n!li'~.i~l;:;
sucl! a tlisl)utnLion of errors; for l~cre arc nr~rnl~crs of ve1.y
p t ~ t lCllriscians, who might have gone away unbclic~c~.~ ill
conscq~~c~cmf tho nrgu~t~cnts of the Jews."
"I thercforc tcll yon," cuntinued the king, " that no one,
l~owevcr Ienr~tcd or perfect n tlleologian lie may be, ou,~ht to
disputo will1 the Jews; but the layman, wlrenever Ile 11~:~s
thc Cllrist,i:~n faith coute~nned, shonltl defend it, not only by
vrortl?, b11t with :L sharp-eclgecl sword," with wllic'L1 he sl~oul~l
strikc thc SC:LI~CID~~ZC~SnnJ disbelievers, until it entor their
bodies as fir as the Idt."
Tl~cking's mode of living was such, that every clay lie
Ilenrd prnycrs chanted, aud a nlnss of requiem, nucl l11cu the
service of t,he clay, accordiug to what snint it wns dcdicnted
to, W;LS sung. L1 r n l~iscustom ~ to repose 11i11iself d:~ily 011
his bcd aI'ter dinner, when 11e repeatcd privntely, nritli one
of his cl~nl)lains, pmycrs for the dead, and cvery cvcuing Ilc
head coln1,lines.
One day a good Cordelier friar came to the king, :~tthe
cnstle of Hiercs, where we had discrnb:~rl;ed, nucl :~dclrcssecl
him, snying, tl~atbe 11,d rend in the Bible, :~nd otl~er gootl
books wl~icl~ hpoko of ~ulbelieving princes ; but that Ilc ncucr
found a Itingclonl of believers or ur~bclicvcl~s was ~.ninc[l but
fron~mnt of justice being duly administered. "NOW,'"
* It mils tl~c maxim of those days that heretics sl~ould be exterminated
by fire and s\vord. We frequently ~.eacl of I~eretics being burnt alive,
especially in tllc rcip of St. Louis, who carried on an incessant war
against the i\lbigenis. See what two learned Greeks of that nga have
writle~i on the sulijcct :-Nicolilus Almannus in not. ad Procopii I-list.
Arca~tilm.p. 59, et Leo hllatius, lib. 2, tle Concord. utrinsque Eccl.
cap. 13, 11. 2. Eut Agnthias, in lib. 1 of his History, holds crrorr in
religions rniLltcrs purdonable :-" Poril~~nucll,"says he. " as those who
embrnce these erroneons and hrrecical opinious commonly (lo so from the
firm belief wlrich thry have of their truth." Thcodore Dalsomon, on the
No~uoca~lonof IJhotiua, tit. 3, ch. 25, says, that he cilnnot coucaive how
the cotu~c~l 11cld at Constn~rtino~ile, undcr the patriarcllnte of Michael
Osistus, cuulrl have co~~rlcm~~ccl to the fl:inles the Bogomiles, who \\we
heretics of tilose times, since at that 11eriod theri: did not esist any cmon
of the cllurcl~ wlricli decreed the pu~~ishment of dc:~tll uguinst hcrctics.
Several learned prrsons Imve therefore endai~vourcd to prove, by sdid
reasoning, tl~i~t 11el.etics ought to be reclaimed by gc~~tle means i~~stc.:rd O!
rigorous ones.

to Ire landed on the shore, or to be strantled on the mud of
the hml~s in the river. 1prcf~~~rc~l, very ht~.~nately, :~s you
chll Imr, Gcing run on n. mncl bank in tl~c river to being
calukd on slwre, wl~crc1 saw our mcn nlurclercd, and they
followed n1y orders.
It was not loug ere we snw four of tl~e SLI~~~II'S I:~rg-e gdlcys
r ~linlting toward us, 11nving f'l~il s tl10wa11d IIICII ou bonird. 1
called up011 my ltnigl~ts to atlvisc we hum to act, wl~cther 1.0
s~~rwncler to the galleys of the sult.an or to those wllo were on
: the shore. 'We were unnnin~ons, tllnt it would be more nclvis:iLil:
to surrender to the plieys ilint were C ~III~II~, I'ut then we
might have a cl~ancc of IJcing kept togetlw ; wherem, if we
g:t.vc ourselves up to tl~oscon the silore, we sl~ould certainly
Irc seprrnted, and pcrlln~)s sold to the Bedouins, of wl~on~ I
!lave 1d01.c splceu. To this opinion, howevcr, one of my
clc~lts wo~tiJ not :lgree, but said it would be much 1)etter for
ils to bc slain, u Illen we slro111d go to paradiac; but \\.e
nwhl not listen to Ihi, for the f ar of' deatl~ hat1 grcnter in-
Auencc over us.
Secing that we must surrender, I took a s111:111rase t11n.t
co~ihincd my jewcls nncl relics, and cast it into the river.
One of my sailors told me, that if I would not lct hiin tell the
Saracens I w ~scousin to t,he it in^, wc sl~oultl dl be pnt to
dca,tl~. In rcply, I bale 11in1 say what 11e plexsccl. Tlw first
of'tl~cse gnlleys now canle athwart us, and cast anchor close to
0111. LOW. Then, as I firmly bclievc, God scnt to nly aid a
S:~r:~cen, n-110 N:IS a sul)ject of the elnpcror. EInving on n
p:t.ir of tro~~sers of coarse clotl~, aid swim~ning st:.:l.ight to my
*r r L>i. SCI, llc en~blacecl nly knees, :~nd snid, "My lord, if you
rlo not bdicve wlnt I sll;~11my, you are n lost III:LII. TOsave
yourself, you n~ust 1en.p int,o tile river, which will bc 1111obsc;.vcd
I)y the crew, who arc solcly occupied with the captaro
of your 1 . ' He llad :I, co~dIl~rown to me from their gal ley
on tl~e escot of my vesscl, an11 I hped into the wator f'ollo.u=ctlb,y
thc Sx~cen, wlio i11tlce11 wvcd me, :>nd cmductecl
me to the galley; for I was so wed; I sh~gcrcd, and should
I~awotl~erwise sut~k to the Imttom of the rlvcr.
I was d1.nw11 into tl~e gnllcy, wl~erein were fourteen score
men, Lesitlcs tlmc wl~o II:~ I~onrdccl my vessel, and this poor
S:~r~cen held mc fast in his arms. Shortly after, I was
landed, and they rusl~ed upon me to cut my throat : indeed, I

continued tllc Cordelier, "let tho Icing, who I pcrccive is
piilg to France, tal;r: care that he administer strict and
Ic;.:~l ,jnsbic:c to his people, in order tl~at our 1;ord Imy suffer
hit11 to cl~joy his kiugdoln, and tbnt it may I'CUI:L~~ iu peace
:LIII~ t~.nr~qaillity all the ihys of his life."
It is .s:~iiI t11:~t this 11iscl.cet C:ordclicr, who tlnrs lcmonctl the
ki~lg, is I)uricd iat i\ilarscilJes, wl~erc our Lord, tl~rougll hi],
does m:i.ny fir 1ni1~~1es.
This Cordclier \voulcl not rcn~ail~ lo~~gcr mith the king than
o~il?tI:~,y,ill spitc of dl tlw entrcnties that were 1 d e him.
?'lie goo11 Icing wits not forgctfnl of' n.!lat tl~c f1,in.r 11x1told
Ilin~, to govcrl~ bis rcalln Ioynlly n.ccorrli~ig to tile I:m-a of God,
b11t wns msions tllnt justice slio~lcl be done to all, according
to tllc! nlanncr you sl~nll llcnr.
It nms c~~sto~l~:wy after the lorcl rle Nccles,* thc good lord
dc &~SSIIIIH;~ rnysclf, nntl oll~crs tl~ntwerc nbont tllc king's
pctwn, llntl licartl innss, for 11s to go and hear the pleadings
at tLc gatenmy, wl~icl~ is now cdlctl the Court of Rcqueats, in
the p:~lac;c artP;~.ris. nTllen the good Icing wns in the morning
returned from the churcl~, IIC fiwt for us, ant1 inquilml how
tlti11,~s I d passed, and if hl.c were nny n~attera tl~it rcqaired
his ~lecision. And ml~cn we told llim tllat tl~erc werc some,
hc sent for the particu, and nslierl tllm why tllcy would not
Oc co~~tc~~tc~l wit11 the sontcncc of his olHcers, ard then instantly
rn:~cic tl~cir clif'ei~cnccs up to tl~cir ~ntiifaction, accordjng to
tilo c~rsto~~~ of this godly Iiing.
nln11,y times have I sccn this holy saint, after lmving heard
nr:w ill the sunlnlcr, go 51111 RII~IISChi~~lwlf ill the wood of
T'i~rcnl~l~c~; wllen, sentin: l~in~self :~ the foot of iLn onk, he
W~IIIII111nlte us seat oursclvcs round ahoilt lliln, awl every one
wl~o wishetl to sped; wit11 him came tllitl~cr u,itl~ouL ceremony,
nnJ \vitl~out Ilin11r:mce from any wher or others. He then
clcln:u~dccl nlnild if tllclc were any who 11:d complaints to
n~:d;c; :ind when there wwa RDIUC, he said, 'LMy fsicnds, be
::: Sinion, son of Rnoul de Clrnnont, lorcl of Ailly. nnd of Gertrude,
M y :III~ 111-II~J01 Nrelle. Hc \ws Irqent of the kingdom of Prance
tluri~~y tllc r{.r:o~ldesyatli~ionof S:~int Lnuis to the Holy Lnnd.
-). 501111,the avco~ldof the n:ulle, mrriamed IeDegue, wn to &oul de
Nc

and the treaty is not conclude11 beforc tllnt event talies place,
tile n.rnbnswlor is nwle prisoner, wherever \lo may be, iLn(i
wl.tetl~er sent by sultnn or king.
Yon rnnsc lcnow, that wc!wllo hnd e~nbn~ked on board ollr
vesscls, tl~illlci~~g to escape to U:mictta, were not marc fi,,.-
tuuatc t l ~ tllose : ~ who l~nd rc~~laincd on land ; for nTe
also t:ilcen, as you sl~nll Ilenr. It is true, that. c111rin~ tho t,inle
me wcrc on the riwr, a tlrenclfill tenlpest of wind arose, blowi+g
to\v:wcls D:~micttil, anel wilA snch force that, llnnbJe to
n.;ccntl the S~~C:LIII, we were driven towards th: S:~ln~~~~.
'I'hc Iring, inded, 11sd left a body of knigh~s, wi:lr order3 to
g~~;~rd the iuvnli~lu on the b:~r~lrs of the rivcr ; but it \\~oul(l
11ot hvc I)ccn of ally use to I~nvc made for that part, as tIley
IIILCI dl flecl. Townrds the brenk of d:ry, we arrived nt tile
pas!{ wllcri: the sn1t:m's pllcy~ lily, 10 pwveut any provisions
I)ci~lgsent from Darniet~z to the nrnly, who, wlrw thcy perccivul
113, set up n great noisc, :~nd sht nt us ant1 such of our
I~orscn~cn ns mere on tl)e banks, with 1:qe 11dt.u nrn~cdwith
Cllwli lire, so tht it secl~~ecl ,as if tlic shru werc falling from
the I~cnve~~s.
WIICII our m:~ri~~crs had gained tl~ecrllwnt, and we atte~nptcel
to push lorw:ud, wc snw the l~orsemen wliont tl~e
Iring l~nrl left to guard tl~c sick flying towarrls Lhmietto.
Tl~c wind bccan~e nwre violent tllau cvcr, :md drove us
npiust the b:~111.c of the rivcr. On tho o[~pitc sltore a7erc
i11lr11c1:se nu~l~bcrs of our vcr~scis tht the hbraocllu h:d h!;en,
.wliiell we fcnrctl lo :L]JJ~I.O~CII ; for wc plainly snw thc~u niurdcring
their crcms, and tl~rowii~;. the tle:ld botliev into tlio
water, :incI carrying awny the t~uulis and :mls tlwy 11nd thus
phetl.
lGec:t,use wo moald not go ncsr tho Smrnccns, who meu:l,ced
us, tl~cy *hot plc~~ty of bolts ; upon vhich, I pat on my nrinour,
to prcve~~t such ns mere wcll ainlccl from hurting nie.
At the stem of Iny veuael were sonx of IIIY people, who cried
out to nlc, " My lord, 111y lord ; our stcers~nnn, bea~usc tho
Sarnccns tl~rcnten us, is clcte~~~ninecl to run 11s on shore, whew
we slldl be ail n~urdered." I irlstantly rosc np, for 1 w:;s
then very ill, at~J, dvancing wit11 rny tlrxwu swortl, dcclwed
I wnnltl kill the first person who slwnld :~ttcmpt to run us 01,
t.hc S:~l;~ccn sl~ore. The sailors rel)lietl, thnt it \\..asin~possilrlc
to proceed, a d that I must Jetermine wllicl~ I would prefer,

silcut, mtl your cnnscs sl~:dl be clespntcllecl one nrtcsr ai>otlu:r.*
'I'llcn, oftcl~til~les, IIC ~lllc~l to hi111 the lord Petel. tie I;'clntaines,
:L~I t,llc h1.11Gcvthoy de Villettc," :uld ezigl to tllCII1,
" L)esl~i~tdl t h e COIISCS ;" WIICIICV~~he hcartl any tllill,y
tl~at co111tl be nl~ienclrd ill thc spceelles of those who ple;ldell
for otllerx, IIC ~nwt glacio~~sly corrcctetl tl~cm Iiinlsclf. I llllve
likcwise seal1 this good lcinfi ofliirr~cs cow to thc garclen
P;LIi.

A.~I.1250.1 T11E KING T;\KLN PRISONER. 437
Dy dint of gd1:tntry IIC d~sovc tl~eni away from the Ihg,
and thus conductccl l~im to C:~scl, wl~c~e, having clismonntetl
nt n ~OIISC,IIB laid tl~e Icing in tlre lap of n wolnan wl~o II:I.I~
uomc from Paris, thinking tll:~t cvcry nlou~c~~t n~ust bc his
ht, for IIC I I : ~no hopes that lle could cvcr li;~ss tl~at day
witho~tt dying.
Sl~orlly after nrrivcd Sir Pl~ilip (lc Moutfort, who told tl~c
king tllat l~e l~ad just seen tl~c atl~niral of the sultan, will1
TV~IOIIIlie I d forn~crly trcntcd For n truce, a~~tl that if it wcre
his good pleasum, he mou11L return to l~i~n ngnin, n ~ rencvP ~ d it.
r 7
I lic Icing cntrented him so to (lo, nud dcclnred Ile wc;c!d l~biilc
I).y wl~atevcr terms tlwy sl~o~~ld ngrce on.
Sir l'hilip cle Rfol~tf'ort retur~~ii to tlle Su.rncens, wl~o l~ad
tnkcn tl~cir from tllcir I~catls, and gave a ring, wl~ich
he took off 11is finger, to the a~lmirnl, as n pledge of keeping
the trucc, nut1 tint they would accept the tcrnis ns offered,
uncl of ml~ichI 11nvc spoltcn.
.Just at this moment n villanous traitor of an apostate scry~~nt,
nnmetl ,\l.arcel, set up n loui shout to our peoplc, and
s:~id," Sir Irnights, sulwmder yourselves ; tl~c 1ci11g orders you
by rnc so to do, and not to cause yoursclvcs to he slain." At
tl~esc words, all were tl~untlcrst~~uck ; and thinking the king
11ad indeed sent sr~cll orclcrs, they each gave up tlleir n.rms nut1
stnves to thc Saracens.
The admiral, seeing the Sarncclls lcacling ll~e Iring's liniglits
as their prisoners, s:~icl to Sir l'ldip de Montfort, that he
woulil not ngrce to :my trnce, for that thc army lrnd been
lnatle prisoners. Sir Philip was greatly astonisl~cd nt what
11c,SAW, for 11c was aware that, nltliou4 he wns sent as am-
Gassatlor to settle a trucc, he slioultl lilccwisc be made pri-
soner, nncl knew not to whom to ~ :LVC ~CCOII~SC. In Pagan
coautries, they have :I very b:d custon~, that den any nnlb:~ssatlors
nw despatchctl from om king or sultan to another,
to dcmand or conclude n pcxr, 2nd one of tl~cse princes clics,
* Turbans are coni~nonly made of napkins or othcr linen wrapped
round the licilrl. The lord tle Joinville, in another part, says, "And
know that they rcccived henvy blows on these tow&: they, however,
wore them wllen ping to battle, and they ore tightly wrapped roond oue
over the other." The Lntin nuthors of the midtlle luges liase tlitl'erently
w~.ittr~l tl~isword Imiinille; tl~c Clironic!e of Pontencllt: IISPS luoo/lu,
Ohrims de Frioul toulin. Ll~e RUII~I~ Cereu~ouial in MS. lolalea.

are 1w.c :~?rcrul~lcd in your presence, instruct ine to tell yo11
tl~:~t you :~rc r~li~~i~~g Cl~ristc~ndo~il, and that it is si~~ki~rg in
YOlIl' ~J:LII~s.~'
,I
J lrc kiry, npon tl~i~, C~OPSCCI I~indf, nntl will, " l:isl~np,
~ I I I I I II I t i I:I~IS, I I I : I I S ,.%I, " "". e, "
:~~~~\vct.c~l tho Ikllop, " it is hecame no notice is t,nlic~~ uf
cs~.o~~~~~~~unic:~.tcd
IJcrsons; for at this nio~nent IL III:LII \vouId
r:~ll~c~* die. in n ~t:~te of exco~~~~~~unicnt.io~~ than I I ~:~l~solvcd, mltl
will no wn,y ~nnkc sntisfaction to the el~urcll. It is for illis
~C:ISOII, ?ire, Lht they un;min~ously call on yon, iu the mne
of (hl, nwl in cnnformit.y to your rlnty, thnt you vo:!I(I Ile
plcmc~l t~) uor~~~nn~~d your I~zilittk, provost^, nntl oil~cr i~d~~li~~ist,rntors
of ,j~~stice, that wl~ercvcr iu your m~lm tllcy sllnll find
my ono wlw lias bcen esconui~~micnted a wl!ole yc:~r :~nd n
day, they constrain liim to Le nbsolvcd by the seizlvc oS his
g0o1ls."
7'11~holy man replied, thnt 110 wo~~ltl nlnst cllcerfully order
this to bc ~IIIIIC tu cvcry one who bl~oul~I Lc foun~l ~111,just
townrcls the ~IIIITC~I, or towards his parents. 'I'l~c Lisl~ol~ said,
it o~lly Gelongetl to tlmi to bc acqunintcd with tl~cirowu
csusc of complaint. To this, thc pod ki~~g s:l.i~l,IIC wt,ultl
not act otl~erwise, and that it wonld bo bln.~nc:~l~lr: 11cl1.cGod,
a ~ :xg~inst l rcxtson, to force those who 11sd bccn i~!j~~rctl by
cl~urcl~n~c~~ to a1)solve tl~cr~~sclvcs witl~ont being I~card iu tl~cir
own dcfc~~cc. And he quoted, 3s an cs:i.~nl)lc, the count of
Brithny, c~scommonicated as he WU, hnving ~dci~tlrd for sevcn
yc:~rs against tl~c prclntcs of Brittany, nncl :~t.In.st bronght the
Ousiness I~cfore our holy fztller the pope, who gnvo j~~clpent
n,g:~inst tl1ei11 in hvour of t11c count. '&Now, slwltl 1 11sw
constrninccl the connt to seek nbsolotion inst:~ntly odtrr the
espiration of the first year, he would have l~ceu forced to
allow to tl~cse prclstes thcir dcmandu wl~etl~er he wonltl or not,
RIIJ1 sl~o~~ld, 11.y SO doins, lrtve bel.~oxed wicltcilly to~v~rds
Cod and townrds the count of Urittnny."
Aftcr the prclntcs had I~cnrd this, they were satisfieJ wit11 the
f:~.vooral~le :uls\vcr the Icing had made thcm; and frm t11:~t tiino
I have ncvcr I1e:ud thnt ~IICYCwas further question :~liuut it.
The pencc: which SL. Louis made wit11 tlic Icing of England"
* The preliminaries of this peare were settled at London on the Mondny
after St. Vi~lentine'sD,ip in the year 1253, betwrcn GI\?,clmn of St.
Martin's church in Tours, Odo, treasurer of the cl~urchof Buyeux, and

not obcy me, for tht bc~wccn ns ml D:miettn,were tile l:lI.vo
a
galleys of thc sldtall, which ~011lcl inf:rl1ihly cnptnre us.
Tl~c kil~g's mrllioll 11:~tl i~lotle grcnt fi~.es on bonrLl tllcir
qnllcyn, to chcrisll the ~~nfortunatc sick ; nntl Illany otllcrs ill
he S:LIIIC stn1.e wcre waiting on the banks of the river for
rcssels to talit! thcnl 011 bo:rrd. AS I was advising my sailors
to d i e some litllc \WY. 1 saw, by the light of the fircs, tile
Snrnccns enter our camp, nnd 1uurt1c.r tbcse siclr that wew
waiting on the b:mlrs of tile We; and a9 my men were
mising the anchor, a ~ dwe bqm to move dowl~wnrd,tile
sailors wl~o merc to take the sick on l~onrd dvanccd wiih
their l)o:~,ts; but seeing the Snr:~ccns in the act of ltillillC:
tllc~n, thy rctrcntcd to thoir Inlgcgdlcys, cut tl~cir cable*,
ant1 fell down on my slnall Ix~rlc.
I csl~ccted cvcry ~~iolncnt lhcy would hnvc sunk nle ; but
mc eso;rl~ccl tl~is irn~ni~~ent clnnger, mrll macle some wn,,y clown
tile river. Tllo king llnd tl~e snnie ill~lcss as L~IF: rest of llis
arlny, with a II~IILcI~~,* WII~CII, I I : ~ LIC l~le:~scd, he ~nigllt
lmve prevented, by living on board his Iarp vcsselu ; but Ile
said, lie had rather die tlm ]caw his people. 'l'h liing,
observing u:i mdrc off, bgnn to ~llout and cry to 11s to rcn~ain,
and lilrcwise orclerecl some heavy bolts to be shot nt us, to
stop our course until we sllould hve his orders lo sail.
I mill now break the coursc of my narr;~tion, and say jn
WII:L~ Iiln.nncr the Iring was n~ncle prisoner, ns 110 told rnc
hiniiielf. I l~enrcl him say, tllnt he hod quitbcd his own Lntt:dion
and men-at-arrns, mid, with Sir Gcofry dc Sergines,
I d joined the Lattdion of Sir Gaultier de Cl~astillon, who
oo~nmantled the I-mr division. The I+g was mounted on a
sinall courser, with ody 3 Ilousing of silk ; and of all his mennt-arms,
tllc~e TVOS only with him tile good Iaigllt Sir Geoffry
de Sergincs, who attendetl him as far xj t11e town of Cascl,
~vl~crc tl~e king was nlnnle prisoner. Rut before the T~lrlis
could take him, I 11cn1vl say, tllet Sir Geofiy de Scrgines
c!cfcnrlccl Iiim ill like manner as n faithful servant does the
"11) of his nlastcr from flies; for every time the Saracens appro:~clletl
l~iw, Sir Gcoffry yanrdecl him with vigorous strokes
vf tl~: I)ln~l:: nncl point of his sword, ant1 it seemed as if his
C~II~:I.~O ant1 strcngtl~ wcre dvullcJ.
:
1" LIE li~pi~liirymnnoscrilit, in the cl~npterof Amethysts, it is said,
" ;hat it destruys tiad flesh flwn nou~~tls, un~lsto)bs the dysentery."

Sir Richnrtl dc Menon, the king of Pmnco's I

J
A.D. 1249.l iV6COTlATIOIYS FOR JEIIIJSALEM. 435
Darniettn, and to give I I the ~ salted prnvision tIi:~tn ~ thcre, ~ q
for ncitl~cr Turk nor Snmcen eat of it, sncl lilcowisc tlrc
engiuca of war; but thc Icing was to scnd for all tl~esc tilings
fro111 1):imietto.
r 7
111~end of tl1i.s was, that the snltsn d~rn:~udedwhat,
scclllity tl~c king \vwild ,rive 11irrl for tlw su~w~~dcr. of Darnietta
; and it was p~qmed tht lie sl~oultl dctain ns prisoncr
one of the king's brothers, either the count dc Poitiers, or the
count d'iin-jou, until. it wore cffectcd. But the Turks rcfusccl
to accept of any other bostnge thsr~ the persol1 of the liing.
To this the gallent linigllt, Sir Gtbolfry do Snrginrs, rcplicd,
that the Turks sl~o~~lcl ncvcr hnve the king's 1~crso11 ; and that
he woald I.:L~~Ic~ they should all be shin than it sl~oultl Le
said they lmd given tlieir king in pawn ; and tl~us otters
rcmainetl.
Tlte disordcr I spolic of vcy soon increased so m~icliin
the nrmy tht tllc G:~rLers wcrc forcod to cut away \,cry inrge
pieces of fiesl~fro~n thc gums, to c~lablo their patici~ts to eat.
It was pitiful. to Ilcx the cries and gronllu of tl~oen on whom
thia opcrntion wns perforn~ing; they scclncd lilic to the cries
of womcn in hbonr, a11J I cannot express thc grcnt coilcern
all felt who heard tl~en~.
Tllc good king, St. Louis, witncs,sing the misernblo condition
of great prt of Iiis mny, rilisc(1 his l~ands 2nd eycs to
hes\.e~~, blessing our Lord for all 11c l~ntl given 11in1, nnd seeing
tl~at IIC conld not longer rcnl:i.iu where he TI^, withont
pwisl~ing hi~l~..ielf ,zs vdl ns his nr~~~y, gaw o~CICL.~to 111n.rc11
on the Tt~cscloy cvcning nftcr the nct:we of Eastcr, and rcturn
to Dan~ietta. lie iwd his co~~~~i~ancls to the ~n:isters of tllc
gallcys to Inve tlwn ready to I-cccirc on I~oard the sick, nurl
convey them to Ihnictta. I-lc liliewisc gave his orders to
Josselin de Corwnt, and to otlw engineers, to cut the cords
which l~elcl tl~e britlg-e~ Lctwceri us nurl Lllc &amcc~~s; bnt they
uglectetl them, which wxs the c;~ose of n1uc11 cvil befitll-
Ing us.
Perceiving tliat cvcry O ~ Cwas prcpnring to go to Dnmicttn.
I witl~drew tu my VL'FCI, with two of my li~ights, all tl~atI
had reinnining of tliosc tllnt 11nd accompsnied Ine, end the
rest of my I~ouseliold. Towards cvcning, when it bepn to
grow dwk, I ordored my cnptnin to raise the anc:l~or, that we
might flo:~t clown the stream; but lie replied, t11:l.t IIC dared
2 ~ 2

ninn Icttcrs wl~icl~
C~UII~.C-.Y or BOIIIO~IE, lately d,:~:a:~~arel, UI:: col~;~t.y ~i i~nlllm:rrtin,
wllicl~ letters mere disfigt~red an11 tl~n sc:~lu broken.
All that rcmninecl of the scals we1.e one-11al.f of Lht: lqs of the
kin:{s cl-tigics nncl tl~c chnntcl" on which thc royd fect WC~C pl:~ccd.
Tlle king shemccl tllcse letters to 11s d o merc of tiis council,
to II:LVC our ndvicc on the oceuion. Wo more unaniinonsly
of opinion tl~t tllc lriug was uot bounc1c.n to put these
1cttcr.s into csecutiun, and tht tlle persons n~cntjonc~! in tharn
011gi1tnot t,c~enjoy tl~:~t county. Tl~e king instn~llly c:rllcd to
11iu1 JOIIII Sirrmzin, his cll:unberlain, and :lslretl for the letter
whicl~IIC I1:d co1n111anJc1.1 11im to ([raw up. Tirllcr~110 II;LLI
esnminctl il, ha locrl.:cd :~tDc scd, :LIIC~ at, the ~en~nins ol' ill:~t
on tl~e Icttcrs of Sir Xeginidcl, nncl tlie~ wid to us, " h'iy
Itrrrls, this is the wtl L 1n:~11eu:ie of' boforc I wlwt to tl~e Holy
La~~rl, an11 thc rcni:~nnt 011 thew Icblcrs so 111ucl1 msemblcs the
whole sed tli:lt I dare not, withlit sil~llillg n.:ni118t Gud and
rcn.son, rctai~i tlre C~IIII ty of L):lmrna~.tin." IIc: then cslled
for tlrc lor11 lteginalcl de Trie, nncl sail, " 33y fair SIT? I
rcsture to you the county which you tlculmd."
dcc.lnred he II;I,II $vc:l t.0 t,ltt? Irt$irs (I+' ih.
SECGND PART.
IXonrr Iqins the sccontl pnrt of tl~is prcsent book, in wl~icii,
nr: I hvo bcfijre said, you shll hcsr of gmnd fcnts of
chi v:hy.
In the nnnic of the dl-po\rerfol God, this good king, St.
Im~is,ns I Iln\,e frcqucntly I1ei~1.d 83-y, W:IS 110nl.k oil the fmst-
Tllc county of Darnmartin fell to the family of Trie, os being the nearest
heirs on tile side from whence Lhxt estn.te came.
" LPcI1antc1or C W ~ ~ ~ P R I L taut side of tlie seal on u-11inl1the footstool
OF tl~cking was. Pl~ilippcsMouslces, in the Jife of Robert, king of
Fmncc, says,-

prudent liniglil, Sir HII~II de Lsndricourt, one unljer Iny
banner; md during his bud, sir of my Irni$its thIl

cln,yof St. 31;d t,he npostle and cvnnjiclist. On tllis dtLy,
cl.oescs weic (wriol in proccssiolis in scvcl:rl perts of I?rnuce
:Lllr~ wr:I.c c:~llell " tllc blnck crosses,"* n sort ~~IpC~.~ti~i~,~~
.~IIIOI~,Clvrl~Jc,in tlje
coninlclrloration of tllc gre;lt Ilrultitullcs
\vllo diwl m it wcrc crwificd iri tllc esllcclitions of tllcil~ ,
.
p r ~ , - . : ~ ~ ~ ~ ; r ~ t. l~:~t ~ : ~ ~ib to say, in Egypt :~ntl bcf~~,c Cnrtll:Lgr,.
~ ~ l ~
?']]is c:rnsc~l nlll~ll picf ntltl nlonnlng in tllis MCOI.[C~, and :,t
~ ~ m utllerc. u t iri jiro:~t ,joy in p:~r:disc among tl~ose wllo t[icrl
for the t":~i~hof Ciwl in chesc devout pilgrirr~:rgcs.
llc wn.s u~.oivnetl.Is
~ ~ ~ ~ d : ~ y
the first Sunthy ill Adve~rt, on wllicll
t!i~III:LSS begins wit11 ~IICSC woi.ds, "..\,I LC icvnvi
~II~III:LIII IIIP~~I," wllicl~is as IIILI~I LS to my, " Good Lord C;(),{,
I llnvc 1,niscwl 11iy 1ie:~rt and sorll ti)~:wll L~Ic'c: 1 put illy
trl.lst ill t.llc:c." 111tl~cse worck tl~cgtrd 1;irlg 11sd great cot,-
vnse or rrwstonr,, clrvated on a high pedestal, which is said to be the folit
wherrin St. 1,ouis w:~s bnptized.
9 DIII.~L~(~IIS, in liiltinnidi Divinnr. Of6c. lib. G, cap. 102, rema~,lts,that
this prnc~ssinn, which is ;~nnually mode on the krnst of St. Mi~rli. mil
which the ml~nle ~IIIIIY:~ acltnuwlcdges, under the name of Litallin 111;rjo1.,
was inst,it.ntrrl by Pope Gregory Llle Great, is now known under the
name of the lJl;~!c Crosses, from the i~ltnrs and crosses heing that day
covered w~th bl:~di, in rerne~nbwnce of the great mortality whicl~ Imppenetl
at Rome in conseqnence of tllc plague, :~nd whlcl~ caused this great
pope to institute puMic: prnycrs. With rcg:~rd to wl~at tho 111rd de .T11inville
sly.;, tlliit in ccrtnin places tlris ~~OCCSS~OII W:LS called the Ul;~:.li
Crossce, it is only tllc mode of expression of those t~mes, wheu all .

A.D. 12-ln.l SCARCITY OIUPRVISJON. 433
imagine the rc:won of this, until oue of the qdlcys of the earl
of l'lonclcrs, I~aving forcccl a ynssagc, infomecl 11s how t,l~e
sultnn h:td Isu~~cl~ecl l~isvessels, by drawing them ovrrlantl,
below us, so tht the Turks n~atcl~etl all frnlleys goirg toward
Dnmieth, am1 l~ad alrendy captured fourscore of ours, n d
lcillecl their crews.
J3y tllis lnealls all provirion urns rxceedingly de:~r in the
army ; nncl wl~cn Easter arrived, a becf was soltl for eigl~ty
livres, :I shcep for thirty livrcs, rc, hog for tl~irty livres, n IJIII~C!
. , ,
of wine for ten livrcs, an egg for sisye~~ce, and evcry tl~iug
elsc in proportion.
When the king and l~is bnrons saw this, and that !lie:.o wm
not nny rcniedy for it, they ntlvised tlic Icing to rn:lrch tho
aru~y fro~~r I.IC;:LY Ihbylon, and join tl~xt of the duke of Bur­
,
gundy, which wa-s on tile other bank of the river that flowed
to 1)amiettn. For tl~c security of his ret.rcat, thc Iring I d
erected n b:~rl)ica~~ in front of' the small bridge I l~nve so
often n~cntiouccl ; nut1 it was const,ructed in snchmise that it
111iglit111: e~~lerccl "11 ench side on 110rscback. AS soon as
this bwbic:m was Gnisled, the whole host armed; for the
Turks ulntle n vjgorous nttnck, observing our intentions to
joi11 the clulre of Bnrgancly's army on the ol~posite ~iide of tl~c
river.
During the time we \rare entcring the barbicnn, the enemy
fell on tl~c rcnr of our army, nnd took prisoner Sir Errnrt tLe
Valeri ; but he wm soon rescued by l~is brother, Sir John tle
Valeri. The Iring, I~owever, and his division never moved
until the baggage and arms 11ad crossed tl~c river ; and tl~cu
we all pnssed nfter the king, except Sir Gaultier dc
Cl~nstillon, who commanded the renr-g~i:~rd in the barbican.
When the whole army had passed, the rear-gund w:~s
IIILIC~Idistressed by the Turkislr cavnlry; for from tl~eir I I ~ J ~ ( * <
they caulcl shoot point blank, as the barbican was low. Tllc
Turks on fout tlmw large stones rind clods of earth in their
faces, withont the guard being able to delencl themselves.
'I'l~ey would infallibly Iuve been destroyed, if tl~e cc01111t
d'B~~jou, broll~er to the Iring, 2nd arterrnards king of Sicil,y,
11scI not boldly gone to their rescue, slid brought tllc~noff iu
safeby.
Tlre c1o.y preceding Shrovetide I ss w a thil~g ml~icl~ I nlnst
rclnte. 011 the vigil of that d:~y died a wry vslinut and
2 x:

A.D. ZZfj-&L1._I INSUltRIZCTloN DURING 'CIIE REGENCY. M Y
CJence, as respecting himself personally, for the great clwge
11e had jnst undertaken. 1% had the hllest trust it1 God
from his infancy to his death ; for at the cnd of 11is latter
tl:~y.q, he called upon God and his siaints, and especially on S1.
James and St. Genevieve as his intercessors. In retnrn Ile
was protected by God, in regard to his sonl, froni his earliest
years to his death, and also iu respect to the good doctrine
he received from his mother, who tanght Iiim to believe in
God, and to love and fear bin1 in liia youth ; and he hw,
ever since that time, lived a virtuous and boly life. His
moth caused him to be attended by religious persons, vl~o
~maclledto 11in1 the word of God on Sundays and feast-days.
Mauy times has he related that his uiother should freqnently
say tbat she mould rather he wns in his grave, than that hc
sl~ould comn~it a mortal sin.
It was needful that God should help him in his youth ;
for his mother was froin Spain, a loreign conntry, and renininetl
in Prance without any of her own family, relalions, 01.
friends. The barons of France thus seeing hiin an infant, and
his mother a foreigner, without any support bu~from God,
made the count of Boulogne, uncle to tl~e king jnst dead, their
leader, and considered him ns their lord and master. It Imppeiied
therefore, after the coronation of this good king, that
by way of beginning the rebellion, some of these great
barons of France required of the queen-dowagel; that she
would give them lnnds appertaining to the crown of France;
and bccouse she would not consent, urging, as an cxcuse,
that it was not for her to dismember the Itingd(m of France
contrary to the will of her son, who was now crowned king,
time barons assembled at Corbeil. The holy king told me
that when he and his mother were ah Montlehery, they dared
not go to Pnris un.til the inhabitants camo with n large force
of u~cn-at-arms to escort them thither ;and he added, tbat the
wliolc road from Montlehery to Paris was filled on all sides
with men-at-arms, who besought the Lord that hc would
grant the king long life and prosperity, aud that he would
tlefcnd hirn .against dl his enemies. And this God did in
different places, and at different times, as you sliall hear in the
course of this history.
Wliile tlle barons meyc ssembled at Corbeil thy practised
among t,hernselves, and resolved, with one accord, to raise up
2 c

and thrown into the Nile, rose to the top of tile waier.
It wm ,saigl, this a1rv:lys l~nppcns when the gall is burst alld
rotten. Thcsc bodies Boatcd down the river until tlley cnInc
to thc s~n:dl bridge that communicated with each pal.( of
wmy; and the :~rch wm SO low it nlrnost tol~cl~cd tile u,ater
and ~-~rcve~~tcd tl~c bodics jmsing nnderneatll. ~l~~ ,.i,.&
was covered with them from Oanlr to biu~k, so tIlat the
could not be seen a good atone's throw from tho bridge Upward.
The king I~ircd one I~undred labourers, who mcre full eisllt
rhys in scparsting the bodies of tIm Cl~ristinrrs fi.onl tile
Srsmcens, wl~icl~ were ensily disti~lguisl~able : the S:u.accll
GotLies they tl~rust under the britlge by main force, nlll\
flo:~k.d tl~e~r~ down to the scn; but the Christians wero buried
in clq~ graves, onc over the other. Chi knows Iio-w grcnt
was the stench, nntl wlmt misery it \I35 to sce t!~e I)ollies
of SIICII noble and worthy persons 1yi11g SO exposed. I mie­
ncssed ttic cl~:~n\bcrlain of the late coo~~t d'rlrtois seeking tile
body of I~is rnmtcr, nncl ninny more hunting nfter the bodies
of tl~eir frieutls ; but I never 11,em-d t11:it nuy who wero thus
seeliing il~cir friends anlidst such nn infectious smell ever
recovcrcd their healths. Yon rnnst ~~IIOW, that we ate 110
fisll tllc wl~olu Lent Gut eelpouts, u41icl1 is a gluttonous fish,
and fee& on tlcnd bodies. From this muse, and fro~u tl~c
bn,J air of tl~c country, ml~erc it scnrccly ever rains a drop,
tile wl~ole nmy ITS infected by n slmlcing disorder, ml,icll
dried oy the flesh on our le~ato the bone, and our skins becnnle
tannctl ns black RS the ground, or like an old boot that
llns long lnin belli~rdn coll'w. In dtliLion to this niisembfc
disortler, those nffec'ec:cd by it l~dmother sore compleiut in
t\~e u~oi~tl~, fro111 eating sucll fish, tl~nt rotted the gna~s, and
~~~sotl :I. nlnst stidring bre& Very few cscnpcd death tl~itt
wcrc tl~!~s nttaclied; 2nd the mrcst sy~npto~~iits of bci~y;
k~t;~l wns a blcedir~gat the nose, for wl~en that tool< place
none ever 1.ccorcrec1.
,- J.11~ bc'.tcr to curs us, the Turks, who knew our situ;xtionl
fifteen 11n.y.. nftcrward attelllptcd to st:l,rvc us, by rncnns I
shall now tell you. Thcsc villnnons Tarks 11:d clrnrvn tllcir
gnlleys OVC~I:LII~I, and hunched them :qtin below our nr111y,
so th:~t Ll~ove who lml gone to Da~njr,ttn for provisiu~l \lever
retorncal, to the grcnk nstonisl~rneut of us dl. We could not

tlle count of Brittany" against the king TIley promiset!
~lirn,in order to act nlore trencl~erously to the good Irilla 3) that
they would obey the royal surnmons ; anJ if t1.1~ Icing slloultl
send tllen~ to make war against the earl of Brithny, tlley
~oultl not bring with them Inore than two linights eacll,
that the count s night the more emily conquer the good
Lonis, and his mother, who was LS fweigncr, as you have
before heard.
This plot the barons put into execution, according to tho
engn.gement wllich tl~cy had entered into with the count of
Brittnny ; n~idI hnve hcard nnny say, that th(: count woulJ
bnvc dcstroycd :~nclsubdued tho kill: :LI~II~Ynlocll,e~, if it I I : ~ ~
not bcen for Cod's mistance, wl~icl~ never failed him. The
count Tl~ibnut cle Clmmyzgnc, as it were by divine yerlnission,
put l~irnself nntl his forces in notion, to wait ou the good
king when he w;~s in sucl~ distrcs.s and dan,ger. In good
truth, he set OK with full tllrce hundreil lalights, perfectly
xell eqnippctl, and, tllrough God's grace, al-rivell ir~ good
time ;for, by this litncly rcil~forcement of the count of Chmpagne,
tho connt of Brittany was forcod to surrcnder bin~self
to the king, and beg his mercy. The jiooll Icing had no desire
of revenge, and considering the victory he 11:d obtained was
g"ined through the power and will of Go~l, in scl~tling to
hirn so opportunely the couut of Cl~an~pagnc, rcccived the
count of Brittany inlo favour, and thenceForwi~rcl the Icing
travelled througllout his kit~gdon~ in security.
Because incidents frequently liappen that descrve mention,
I sllall at times leave the prinoipd mntter of my history to
relate than; but, notwitbstmcling this, yo11 shnll hew of
some things necessary to he related, for the better understanding
the nlatters I treat of. I will therefore mlvmce
with truth.
The good count Henry le Large IlaJ, by the countess Mary
his wife, who was sister to the king of Pmnce, znd to Richard
king of Engls~~d, two sons ; tl~c elder w:bs cx.lleJ IIenry, and
the seconcl Thibaut. Henry h:~d put on the cross, aud 11nd
accornpsnied King Pliilip and King Richard to the Holy
Land, wherc these three besieged the city of Acre, and
took it.
* Pierre de Dreux. somnnlcrl 31>ut!l~.rc, wl~oi~1.d n-itlldramn himself
from the king's homage.

fmr IIC slloulcl dethrone or kill him, hncl him nr~~stccl acd
thr~)wu into prison, where be was secr~tly put to dc:~tll, nnJ
then he took posvoesion of all the fortu~~c his wifo w~tl cl~ildrc~r
n~igl~t I~ave11rd lcft to ~IICITI. An csa~~~l)lcthis of
I~npjlened wl~ile I w;rs in tlll~t co~~ntry; for tl~c s111tn11 ]I:II~
~III~I~~SIJII~C~ those who, by their vsloor slid nrl~lrws, Lot1 n~ntlc
pridoncrs of the counts of Montfort nnil Bar; n.ud from
envy nntl jealousy, and fro111 l~is clrentl of tllcni, 11;lcl tl~e~n
p~.t lo dcntl~. Ile acted in like nlnnner to tl~c Bouclencl;~l~s,
wl~oare l~is snbjects ; for when thcy l~ul clefcstctl the king cf
An~~cni:~, and c:mle to inrorm II~IIIof t11~ cvcnt, LIWY found
1li111 1111nting wild bests. I-lavi~~g ~lisn~o~ntc~l to mdce their
obcisnncc, rind tl~inldng,ns thcy I d bchn.vccl so well, tl~y
sl~~uld be recon~l~e~rsctl, 11e eyed t11en1 rnnliciously, aud sl~icl he
should llot return their si~lutc, for they Ilncl 111nr1o him lose his
chnsc ; an11 ortlcrcJ tl~rir l~encls to be struck off:
To retl~rn t.o our snbjcct. 'I'l~c sultan, I:!tvly clccensctl, llncl
left a so^, who ws tmcl~t.y-five years old, d l info~~mcd,
protlc~t, a~~tl ILII.C;LCIYfull uf ~lr:~li~:e. T11c last sultm, fwring
lie n~iglil; detllronc him, lrrpt hi~n at n clisfa.nce from his person,
:1.11,1 11nd given II~IIIa kingdom in tl~c T.hst; but the
n~onlent his fa~llrr IVT..~(lead, the acl~nirals of E:/byll>!i sent
for I~ini, and m;dc him their sultzn. On txki~~g pposscssion of
llis dignity, 11c clcprivctl the constable, mnrsllnls, and sencs-
CII;LIR of l~is htber of their goltlen wnntls, :~nd tll~ utficcs
wl~ichthey I~cltl, 2nd gnvc t.lten~ to tlrosc whom IIC 11d L~rou~lrt
with him fro111 the Enst.
r
lhis . cnnsctl grc.at tlisconlent in tl~ose who lmd Lecn rzmoved,
:ls also in thsc of the conncil uf his htc htl~rr, wlro
~us~~cctd strongly th:~t.he woultl wt by tl~eni, after stizii~g
tl~cir we:dt.l~, in the s s ~ ninliner ~ ~ c ns the sult:rn had done by
those who llatl t:~lten the counts of Montfo1.t :111cl of kr, :IS
:~lrcwl,y rclntecl. They therefore un:~ni~musly ngrced lo
pnt II~IIIto d ~:~tl~, an11 found 111e:rns of obtoi~~ing from thse
c:lllecl J.;n 11:~ulec:r, u-110wcrc the snltnu's gund, s pro~nise to
11111rdcr lti111.
After tllc two batilc~ I lmve nlmtior~ctl, wl~iul~ wcrc marvello~~slyslwp
nntl scvcrc, the one on SI~rovr-Tuescla.y,
and the otl~or the fil-st Ii'14h.y in Lect, nnc,ll~cr pcnt misfort~~nc
I~cI'clour milv. At the end 01' eighi. or tcn thys, thc
bodied of tllobc who had Lecn sl:rin in these two eogagenlcnls,

A.D. 122G-40.1 TERROR INSPIRED DT ~ICIIARD'S NAJIE. 371
Immecliately after the capture, King Philip returned to
Fmnce, for wliich Ile was greatly blametl. Icing Riclmrd remained
in Palestine, and performed very great fents of arms
against the unbelievers and Samcens. They were so rnt~ch
in dread of him, tlnt, as it is writteu in the history of this espedition
to the Holy Land, wl~enevcr Snrncen cl~ilclren cried,
their mothers said to them, "Be quiet, be quiet; here is
King Richard* to fetch you;" and, instantly, through
tl~cfear which these Saracen children had of tlie name of King
Richard, they bccamc quiet. In like manner, when the S:Iracens
or Turks were riding in the fields, and tlleir horses
started at a bua11 or shadow, and took fright, they snid to
their horses, sticking spurs into their sides, " What, dost tl~inli
Ring Ilicbard is there?" All this clearly proves that lie
performed grand deeds of arms against them, to mnlx him so
nlucll dre:~dcd
This Icing Richard gained so great renown by his valour
that he gave to Count Henry of Champagne, who, as I
have before said, had remaincd with him, the queen of
Jerusalem for his wife. Henry of Champagne had by her
two daughters, the elder of whom was queen of Cyprus, ant1
the other was married to Sir Ayrart de Brienne, from wliotn
a, noble progeny descended, as is apparent in France, and in
Champagne. t
* Rnoul de Coggeshall, whose mmuscript is in the library of St. Victor
at Paris, Matthew Paris, John Brompton, and other English liisto~ians of'
the year 1172 ; Jacques de Vitry, 1. 1, ch. 99 ; Sanudo, 1. 3, part 11,
ch. 1; Le Moine de Saint Marian d'huxerre, nnd others, speak most
amply of the great actions and deeds of arms of King Richard 1. in the
Holy Land ; but they have dl omitted this circumstance mentioned by
the lord de Joinville, who has tnlten it, as he says himself, from the
lristory of the boly wars written in the vulgar tongue, which I have rend
in manuscript, and which relntcs the same thing in these terms :-" From
whence it happened, &c., King Richard was so fe~red in the country that:
wlrcuever a Snrncen mother perceived her clddren crying, she said to
them, ' DO NOT 3IAKE A NOISE, FOR IIERE IS ICING RICPIARII!' ant!
11e was so dreuded that the children gave over crying inshuttutly."
P4nttlrew of Westminster relnt~s that in the year 1240, when Richard
curl of Cornwall arrived in the Holy Land, the Sarncens began to drcad
exceerlingly the experience and power of Ri(,har11, as well because his i-ran~r?
hnd alviays been hr!d up as that 01' the biitcr enenly of the Suracens,
as because he abourrtlcd in gold and silver.
t. See the list of no1)les who went on the expedition to thc Holy Eond,
ch. 1, Vignicr ; Du Ch(vx, In the histories of tile rmlilies 01' CbWlon
and of flethune.
232

* Tl~atis to say. as the lord dc Joinville explain.. this word, captain or
gnv,:rnor of n province or ~hce, cl~icf ol 11.1 nrnty or smnllcr boilv of
tl.001~. The word is derivc(l from the Arahie mi,r.r. or amir, which
signihs bd. 111e snmc thing is olm~~veJ by the lord de Villervnl in
his mnnuscript travels, in the cl~nptcr on the condition and natnre ol' the
snlt:in~, of tl~eir ndulirnls nnd slnvt:~, kc. " Item. The sultan of
B;lhylon Iias alwoys, ns they tcll me, ns well in Cniro us in tlic
environs, ubmt ten tho~~snnil slnvcn in his pay, who fight fur him
when war m;rkea it necessary, so~ne with two I~o~rtes, and others with
more or lcss, according to tl~rir circu~nst:~nces. It mast be ltnuwn,
that these slaves nro from foreign nntions, sw:h ns Turtary, Turkey. EuLgn~ia,
Ifmi~i~rv, chvoniu, W:~ll;~chin, Russia, Grercc, and ot.her COUIItrim,
as well tio~n those of the Cl~ri:.!i:~nr, ns elsewhorc. Thy are not
called the sultxn's slavm unlcs.: they be hought with his money, or scnt
to hito as presents fmmn distnnt cnnntries. In these slaves he trwb
wholly for tlw guard of his person, iiud he ~ives thew women, hotrsex,
Iiorses, and robes, rind p1:1ces them, when yonn:. under milsters, to tearh
them the nrt of war. According to their cliffiwnt nbilities, he appoints
one capbin of ten lancemen, another of twenty, tmotlier of fifty, u~~otl~er
of one hillidred ; nnd, thus rising, they are made, one govwnor of Jerusnlem,
anothw Icing, or rnlrr, of Domawus, another chief governor of
Cairo, and thus with other otlic:rrs of tl~at country."
The word urlmiral is printcd hy (liferent writprs various ways. This
offic~r is cnllril by tl~e Greeks, rrltrprrt, nbLaparnr,and by tlie 1,xtins of
the middle age.;, utTn~ira&les, ndminddi, kc. This ~nuch is howcwr
cerbin, that \\,e Iuwe borrowed the won1 frmn the iufidel nations, rind
commonly style the chiefs of n;tval aiw~n~rnts ntln~irds, because those
from whom we huve rrtlopt -11 it tlir~s applied tlic word.

of thc wife of my bef'orcmid lord, Sir A.y~.art de Briennc
1 sill not S:LY mow nt present, hut s1)eal; of' tho queen (
c ' ~ ~ becauee ~ ~ u it is ~ right , ~ to continue my subject properly
:,IIJtltus proccell.
lifter the good liing Itad conquered the count of Brittany
tl~rou~h the nill of Cnnnt Tltibnut de Cbmpagnc, the barons 0
Frntlcc, i~rtlignnnt apinst Count Thibaut, agreed anlong them
selves to disinherit lliil~,as being a son of the secon'l son
Clrn.tiil)qnc, rind to send for the queen of Cyprus. This
Ito\\-cvcr, (lid not sccm to tlleln to be for their dclvnnhge ,an(
for this reason, and becnusc sonlo of the barons foreseein!
t.l~cy could riot nccurnplisl~ tlreir cncls, undertook to be riletlintors
of :I pcace between Count Peter of Brittmy anr
l:'ount Tltibnut of Cl~ampngne, the mnttcr was so wnnnlj
~~iwhed fornnrd, that for grater solidity of pence, Count
I 71 .
1 rl:baut pro1niw.1 to espouse the daughter of Count Peter ol
'T3ritln.ny.T h Jay was fixell on for this ceremony, wben tllc.
yo1111~ lady wns to be conducted to an abbey belonging tc
tltc I'rencl~ing Friars near Cl~liteau Thicrry, called Vnlserre,
wlic~i1110 count of Champagne rvxi to marry her. And thns,
:IS I 1rn.ve I~enrtl, the counb of Brittany set out attcnded Ey
IIIP I)arons of Fmnce, who were almost dl his relations, to
c.ort11uct thr: damsel to the monastery of Valrerty, and sent to
z;unmlon the count of Cbarnpngne, then nt Chftcnu Thierry,
tc~come ant1 Inwry the lady, ,according to his engqenient,
ivlriclt Ile ww well inclined to do. But sndclenly there cmlc
to him Sir GeofTrey clc 1% Chsppelle hinging letters from
thr: king, tlrc coutents of wliich wcre LX follows.
"Sir Tl~ibnttt tIc Clrnmpa.gne,-I lmve learnt that you have
c~ikrecl into cngngements to marry the daugltter of the count
!'cter of Brithny. I therefore send to require of you, tlrnt
l;w tlro sake of all you love in Pmnce, yon do not perform
!Itcln. The rcnson of my desiring it IS well knowii to
vor~: I lrave never found any one more milling to do me evil
than the count of Brittany."
Wllen Count Thibnut llad rend these letters, altl~oi~gh be
Itad left Cli$tenu Thierry, he instantly wtuructl thither.
Nicia, eldest daughter of Henry, count of Champagne, by the queen
of Jctus;~lem.
t Joland, who wns aftcrward rnarlkd to IIugh XI., count de Ia Marche
e: d'hu~oulhc.

1
A.D. 1249.-] ACCOUNT OF TllE SULTAN'S IIODY-GUARD. 429
11is people, seized the subjects of the vnnquishcd, whom tl~ey
sold to merchants, who bo~~gl~t tllem, as I have said, to sell
%grin in Egypt. The chiltlren born from thcsc ca@.ives the
sulhn supported md educated, and rillen tlwir beards nppcnred,
they wcre buglit to draw the bow, by way of amusemnt
; and when he wns in a jocund ~noodthey Jisplnyecl
tlleirs1;illbeforellim.
As they incrensed in strength, their sni:dl Lows were oucl~nnged
for others of greater weigl~t, 2nd proportio~~ed to
tlleir powers. These youtlls bore the zrms of the sultan, and
were cdled his Bnlrair.i~.~.WII~II tl~eir Iwnrtls were grown,
.the sultan mnde them Icnights; and their e~~rllnso~lmenis
were like his, of pure gold, save tlmt to distinguisl~ them,
they nrlded Imrs of vermilion, wilh roses, birds, gritins, or
any other dif'rrence ss they please. They were cnlled the
band of La Hnrrlccca, which signifies the nrchcrs of tl~c king's
pard; nncl vere always about the person of the sultan to
tit-fend him. When tho sultau went to war they were quorterctl
near him ns his body-guard.
I-lo I d , beside these, otl~er gunrrls atill nearer to Lis
persou, soch ns porters and n~instrcls, who plnyed upon their
instruments from the break of day until the sultan rose ; and
in the evenings sounded the retreat. Their inutru~nents made
so loud a nolsc, that those who were new thcm could not
Ircnr ezacli other speak ; and their notes wcre distinctly I~em.d
tl~roogl~out the nrmy. During the daytiu~e, they clared on
no :LCCOUII~ phy on tl~eni, without express orders fro111 the
coni~l~ander of tho Hnulea.
* Eahairiz.-This word comes from Bahr, which the Arnbinns use to
express the sen, or any great coh,~:tion or water. The name of Dohniris
was Srst given to a thousand youths, whom Melilc-Ussali had boupht of
the T;~rtars who ravaged the Turq~l~astan, nnrl wl~ornhc had educ:itecl in
all military exercises in a castle, built by his orders, opposite to Cairo, on
;rn island of the Nile adled Revdhh. This fort was called Bnl~riici~, or
the Mnritime Fortress, on nccount of the Nile surrounding it. It was in
this cnstle tht Melik- Ussali, who had not forgott{*n the cowardly cri~~~llwt
of his troops at the siege of N:~pooloos,fixed his residence. tle gr., his
whole co~~tidcnre to thcse B:rhairiz, londed them with Bvours, and unnlrd
from among them the governors of provinces, the comm:~nders of' his
armies, and the first officers of the stale. Tl~e remainder were wservd
firr the ~ plrtlof his new place, and to attend on him wl~erever 118: wc,nt.
during pc:~r:oor w;us. It is this body of troops tlii: lord de J~~iusille
m.,~insunrlcr the name of l,:l Iln~~lwn.

The count Peter of Brittany, and the French barons, in
opposition to the king of F~xnce, were waiting for the cou~~l
of Cl~nmpagne nt Valserre; and perceiving tllat 11e had deccived
tlle~n, in the first burst of their rage apinst him, they
sent for the quecu of Cyprus, wl~o shortiy aftcrwaril joi~lctl
tlmn.
l~il~~icdiately on her arrival, they, with one :~ccortl, I~nviug
discussed the ~natter, scnt each of them to collcct :LS nmny incn-
:~t-arms as they possibly could, aud resolveJ to n1;rl;e nn inroad
by way of Frxncc into the terrilories of Count Tllil.,nut,
cvcn i~ito Cl~nrnpqne and Bric.
r
1hey l~nd a. goo2 undcrshnding with the duke of IIi~rgunil~,
who liad for his wife the dnoghtcr of Robert, couul cle 1)rear ;
and who likewise engqed, ou his part, to enter the ccmnt,y tjE
Cllampn.gnc from hrgundy. A day \was sppointccl for t.11eir
assenlbling all together beforc the city of Troycs, in order to
take it ; but all this mas lrnown to good King Louis, wl~~i, in
like manner, suln~nonecl his nien at arms to scconlpa~~y him 1:)
the aid of Couut Thibuut dc Cllanlpagne.
, Ihc I barons, in fact, burnt and pillugcd the wl~ole count:.y
they marclled tllrough, as did thcir ally tLc duke of Uurgnndy.
When the count of Cllampagne thus saw hiii~~:!Il'
and his country attucked on all sidcs, Iic I~urnt and tlcstroycd
several of his towus, such RS El)cruay, VC~~LIS, and SO~.IIIW,
tl~~t his enemies might nut lind then1 well funlislied with provisions
nncl stores, and turn tbein against him.
The citizens of Troyes, finding thcir good mmtcr and lortl,
the count of Cl~ampngnc, Ilnd left tlicir town, instantly sent.
to Simon, lord of Joinville, fatller to the lorcl de Joinvillc of
tlie prescnt day, 2nd whose name is inscribctl in tlie prologuc
of this book, to desire tlnt 11e would conlc to tlicir nssistnncs.
Tlmt good gentlcmnn dicl rjo. His people were imn~edinte!y
infor~iwd of the intelligence tint Ilnd been brougllt Iiim, nucl
before day they were in the city of Troycs, wlwe, fur his
pnrt, he perforlncd sucll wonders in aiding the citizens, that
the barons failccl to tdic it.
The barons were forced to tnnrch beyond the town, and fix
their quarters in the ~ncnds with the clulx of Burgundy.
When the Iring of France knew where they were lorlged, he
marched his army straight to cornbat thn ;which tl~e kwons
learning, they sent to entreat that he would withdraw 11is

We wero inst:~ntly on llorscl):~ck, nnd l~nstcned to attaclr
tlic G.~I.III~IIS, w11or.11,wit11 Inrcl blows of sword and lance, we
drove fl~olll the nlon:utcry, wllcle InnlIy were killed and
woui~dctl. Wl~en this wns douc, the guod uisn fell on his
1;nces bcfol'e the dt:~, and c~kcl with a loud voice to our
Lord, prayiug tlmt he wonl~l be plcnwd to haw mercy on his
sol~l, that Le ~ni~lit die for his servicc, to the end that be
n~igl~t be entitled to the rcward of pnrndisc. I have related
thiu, tl~at you niny I;no\r, ns I firmly belicve, that God 1 1 ~
gl,nntetl to him the request he then made.
After this battle was ended, the king summoned a11 llis
barrios, Ir~ligl~ts, and other grcat lords, to wl~om, whcn assentlled,
he thus lrintlly adtlrcesccl himself: "My lords and
friends, you have all now witnessed the great grace which
God our Creator has of late shewn us, and coiit,inues to do so
(hily, . . for which we are bounden to return him our thanksglv~ng.
Lnst Tucsdny, wllicll was Shrovetide, we, aided by
Iiin~, rlislotlgetl our cncmies from their quarters, of wllich we
have ga.inctl the possession. This Friday, wllicl~ is now psscd,
we hovc dcfenclocl ourselves against them, very many of us
bei~~g witl~out a;.ms, while they mere completely armed on
Iiorsebn,r;li, nnd on their own ground." Many more fair
speeches did he make ; and tllc good Biug dwelt much upon
what 11:ld passcd, to comfort nncl give them courage and filith
in C1.od.
In pul.sni~~g the subject-matter of my book it is necessary
now ant1 then to make digressions, 2nd to inform you of the
mnnner in which the sultan snpported his men-at-arms, anlid
how his arrnics were supplied. It is true that the greeter
part of his chivalry mas con~poscd of foreigners, whom the
1nerc11nnt.s trn~ling by sea h:d bought when young, and whom
the Egy.ypt.ia~~s purc111tsedIJY ortlcr of their sultan. They came
mostly from the cat; for when an eastern king* had defeated
in bnttle aliotl~er neigl:!jouring mona.reh, the victor, and
* It is still the custom of the Turks to compose their principal military
force, the Junisrries, from tributary children, sent for this purpose every
fifth year by commissnries estnblished in the provinces. Thcsc children
are corried offfrom Christians, and are instructed in the Turltisl~ religion,
and trained up to militwy exercises. Soldiers, thus educated, and unncquainted
wit11 their p~lrrnts md birth, only nclinosledge the Grand
Signor for t.heir father ;lnd PI-otcctor, which is one of ~11ebest political
maxims of the intidels, although contrary lo rhe law ot' nature.

army, for tliat thy weye going to fight the count of Champagne,
and the duke of Lorraine and their forces, 300
kllights less than were with the count and the dulCe of Lormi11c.
But the king replial, that they should no way figllt
witll his v:lssals witIi011t his bcing persouslly e11g2gc~L in tlleir
dcfcnce. This ansnw threw the bnrons into confusion,
sr>eedily after, thy scnt again to wy, they wouIcI cIieerfully
l~ersuade the queen of Cyprus to offer terms of peace to Count
Tl~illant of Clmnl)%ne. The king's answer was, tliat Ile
mould not listen to any proposals for poxe, nor suffe: i,hc
count of Cl~nrnpagnc to do so, until they sho111d hve q~itt,~rl
the co~nty of Clialnp:~,vne.
On hearing this, they instantly rnnrclied away, and at one
iiiarcll qnartcred tl~e~nselves under Juilli. T11c king lodged at
Ylles, wLenco he had ~lriven them ; and the bnrons perceiving
tllc Iring was so closely pursui~~g tl~cm, they decamped fro111
Juilli, and quartered at Langres, which is in the county of
Nevers, and attached to their party. Thus did the good Iring,
St. Lonis, ~nnlie up the diffcrenccs bctwecn the queen of
Cyprus ant1 the count of Clmupagne, in spite of the clltcrprise
of tlro Imrons; and peace wm concluded between tl~enl in
suih wise, tl~nt the count of Chan~pspe pve to the queen of
Cyprus, for her rights of snccessio~i, 2,000 livres of landed
uinud revcnne; and the king paid hcr, in bchdf of the count
of Cb,zmpngnc, the sum of 40,000 livres for tlie reimburse-
~iient of her eupensos. To repay tl~ese 40,000 livres the connt
of Chsmpngne sold to the king tlie following fiefs and lordsl~ips;
namely, the fief of tl~c cou~~ty of Blois ; the fief of tlro
col~nty of Chnrtreu ; tf~efief of the county of Sancerre; the
fief of tile viscounty of CIAtesudun. Some mid that the
1;iug held them only as a security for the repnyuient, but that
is uot the t~utli, for I put the question to tl~e good king in
Palestine, and he told me IIC lield them by purclinse.
The landv ~~liicl~ the count. de Champagne gave to the qncen
of Cyprus wcrc part of the present county of Brienne and
the county of Joigny, because the granc.ln~otlier of the count
ile Brienne was daughter to the queen of Cyprus, and wife to
the great count, Walter de Bricnne. And that you nay know
whence came the fiefs mhicli the count of C1iamp;lgne sold to
the king, 1 shdl inform you, that tlie grest count Tilibant,
who is iuterred at Laigny, had three sons, the eldest of whom

Poiticrs, Irotl~cr to tl~e king; it was composed solely of iufaotry,
and the only pcrson on I~orscbncli was tl~c count, wl~icl~ wns
u11fort11n:lt.e for him ; for thc Turlcs defc:rtcd this I~:~thlion,
n,nd ~nntle the count prisoner. They would sul~ly havc cizrried
1li111 nwy, llnd not the I.~utclms, and a11 the other trsffickc~s,men
nncl women, who s~rpplic,l the army with provision,
11e:~ring thnt the Turks were carryi~g off the count dc Poiticrs,
set up a g~mt shout, nod rusl~cd011 the S:~lsccns will1 such
. f111.y thnt they rcscucd the count de Poiticrs, and drovc the
'' 'l'u~ks bcyo~ltl the Ii~les.
, *
1 hc nest bnttdion to that of the count clc Poiticrs wm the
~reillicst of the wholo army, and comn~:r~lded by Sir Josserant
tlc I:~.nnpon, whom my lord de Poitiers 11:1d b~,ougl~t with
II~IIIto Egypt. This division wm also formed of disnio~~utcd
It~~i~l~ts, Sir Josscrant and his son Sir Hcnry being the only
persons on horsebnclr. The Turks Lrulre illis battalion on all
ritlc.5, on ~vl~icl~ Sir Jossernnt and his son fcll on ihe rcs.1. of
tl~e T~~rlis, 2nd cut them down with tlwir sworcls. They
prwsed tho enemy so n1uc11 that they frequently turned on
tl~eni ag~in, leaving the main body of his Inen. In the eud
thiv woulJ 11nve been fxtxl ; for tl~e Turlts must have slain
the whole, if Sir Ilcnry tlc Cone, n wisc nnd v:di:~.nt knight of
tl~n division under tl~e c1ul;e of Burgundy, well Itnowing the
we:J

A.D. 136-40.1 ANECDOTE OF HENRY TLIE LTBEEAL. 375
wxs named IICIII.~, the second Tlliba~lt, ant: tlle third Stephen.
IIenry was nftcrwardu count ol Clm,l~lpaglte and of Brie, ncd
surnanled Henry the Liberal ; fa,r gelierons and liberal wm
he Lo\\wds God and man. Towards God he wm apparently
libernl, by his founding tlte churcl~ of St. Steplien st Troyes.
as well as many otlier, to ex11 of which he daily made great
gifts, as is well known tl~roo~llout Cllnntpngne.
Towercis man he was cqn:rIIy generous, as is notorious from
his conduct to Artl~ault of Nogent, and in many other
instances too tedious to rclate; but I must mention that of
Artlln~llt of Nogcnt. TLis Artlinult was a citizcn in -wl~om,
for a time, Connt I-Ienry had the gr~~~test coufide111:o; and
Arthault increased so ntoch in riclles that he built the castle
of Nogent. Now it chanced that Count I-Icnry was desirous
of descending from his castles of Troycs to hear mass at St.
Stephen's cllurch on TVliitsuntln,y : on the lower steps of the
entrance to the church, IIC fouucl n. poor ltnigl~t on his lrnees,
who with a loud voice cried out, " Sir couut, I request of you,
in the name of God, that you would give nle wherewith to
portion nty two claugl~ters that are by my sicLo, for I am
unable to. do it." Arthur dc Nogent, who was behind the
count, replied to the linight, " Sir I~nigl~t, you do wrong to
make such a request to my lord ; for he ha5 given away so
much, he is no longer able to be generous."
The count, on hearing tllis, turned round to Arthault and
said, "Sir Vilain, yo11 do not speak truth when you my I
have no longer wherewithal to give, for I have yon in my
disposd, and I give you to him. Here, sir Icnight, I give
this man to you, and warmnt him your bonclsman." The
poor Itnight was greatly surprised, and instantly seizin6 the
citizen by his hood, mid lle would not let llini go untd he
slionld have rsnsomed l~inlsclf handsomely. Artlmllt wm
forced to pay a fine of 500 livlm.
Tile second brotlier to EJenry tlx Liberal was Thibaut
count cle Rlois, nnd the thild, Stephen count de Sancerre ;
but thesc two brothers held their counties and lordships
under their elder brother llenry the Liberal, and after him
under his heirs, who posscssed the county of Champagne until
this Coi~rlt Thibaut sold tlleni to the kiug, St. Louis, rn has
been mentionetl.
Let us now return tc our more i~nmedin.te subject, and my,

,126 JOINVILL~S MEMOIRS OP SAINT TzOUTS IS. [I'T. 11.
:LII acre of grad so covered with bolts, darts, arrows,
other nlenpons, that you conlJ not see thc earth bencatll tllem,
SUC~IS~~OW~PY of tliese I~etl been cliscl~nrgetl ngninat tho Tclllp1:~t.s
by the Saracens. The con~nlal~tler of this battalion llnd
lost nn eye ilk the prececling battle of Slrove-Tuesday ; anti
in Lhis he lost the other, and was slain : God have mercy on
his soul !
Sir G-ny de Malvoisin, a bold and valiant captain of another
battalion, w:rs severely wounded in tho body; and the Saracens
perceiving his gallnnt conduct and address, shot Greek
tirc nt hinl inccsa;tntly, so tli:~t at one timc when he was hit
by it, his people had much difficulty to eutinguisl~ it. Eut
notwithstmltli~~g this, Ilc stood bold and firm, unconquered by
the Pqps.
P~OIII the battalion of Sir Guy de Malvoisin, the lines
wllich enclosed our arnly descended to where I mas, within a
fitone's onst of the river, and pnssed by the rlivisioii of the
lord William earl of Flanders, wl~icl~ extended to tliat brxnch
of the rivc~s which entered the sea. Our battalion was posted
opposite, and 011 that bnnlr of the river \diere Sir G-uy de
3,l;rlvoisin wa,s. Thc Saracens, observing the nppearnnce of
the division of the earl of Flanders fronting tlmn, clnred not
n~;rlie :my attack on ns, for rvhicli I thanlred God, as ncitl~er
my knigl~ts nor nlys~lf conld put on any m'mour, on nccount
of the nwuntls we llnd receivcd in the engnjiement of the Tucsday,
which renderell it ilupossible to wcn.r any dcfcnsive
clothing.
Tlie Lard Willinm of Flanders arid his battalion did wondcrs;
they gnl1:tntly and fiercely :~ttnckcd thc Turks on
horsebxl; a~ld on foot, and prforn~d great deeds of arms.
see in,^ their l)rowcss, I ordcred IIIY cross-bows to slioot
strongly at the Tulh, who were on horseback at this engagc-
Inent; and the mon~cnt they felt tl~e~ndves or horses wountled
Ly he :Lrrows, they instmtly took flight, and dx~ndonetl hir infintry. The earl of Flnnders and his di-vision, observing
the Turks fly, passed the lincs, and charged the P:gans, mllo
were Gn foot, killing grent numbers, and bringing okF many
targets. Among otllers, Sir Gaultier tle la Horgne, who bore
tho banner of the connt d'hspremont, displayed. much
courxge.
Adjoining this bnttalion was that of my lord the count de

376 JOINVILLE'S MEJlOIRS OF SAINT LOUIS 1X. [p~. IT.
tllet sl~ortly after this Icing Louis l~eld a great and open court
at Sonmnr in An.jou, WIIICII shdl speak of, having been
I &an a-wre you thnt it was the grandcst sight I
ever witnessed, the best ornnn~ented and prepared. At tllc
king's Lible were sentell the count tle Poiti~rs,~ whom Ile
bnigllte(1 on the last St. John'y dny ; the count Jolln de
Drcns,l. wllom 11c lid lntely lrnigl~ted ; the cou~~t de 1%
M:L~cIIc,$:~nd thc count Petcr of Brittany.
At mother table, before thnt of thc Icing on thc side where
count cle Dreux wm scnted, the king of Navarre dined. IIe
was most richly dressed in cloth of gold, in coat, mantle,
girdle, clasp,•˜ and cap of fine gold, to whom I was the cwvcr.
Tho count cL'Artoisl( served the king, St. Louis, and liis broth,
an11 tho count do Soissons c ~ up t the mcnt. Sir Ymbert
do Beljcu, who was afterwards co~~stdh of France, Sir
IIononrat de Coucy, an11 Sir A4rclnbald do Bourbon were
tl~cguards of tl~cking's t,zblc ; sncl thcrc wela behind these
barons, full thirty of their ];nights in cloth of sill:, to serve
under them Tl~erowelc 1il;ewise behind tllcsc knights a
grcnt ninny usliers of arms, nntl of tlie spartments, who bore
the arms of the count do Poitiers, worked on fendal.
The Iring was dressetl as ~rlagnificently as it was possiblc,
* Alphonso, brother to St. Louis, who had been created n knight by
the king on the feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, in the year
1241, nt which time he likcwise gave him the county of Poitou.-See M.
Paris, p. 3 13.
-t Son of Robert III., connt de Dreux, by d'tlgnor de St. Valery, the
first who bore tlie name of John. He died at Cyprus.
f Hngh X., surnamed le Brun, count de la Marche and d'Angoul$me.
5 Clisp or fermail was o sort of medal or ornament, like the diamond
owunents. now in fasllio~~, which was fastened not only to the shoulder
where the folds of the mantle met. in like manner to the Intus clavus
of the Romans ;but also to the front of the cap,ns diamondsare now worn.
In war it was fastened to the hood, on the coot of turns, or in some other
oonsliicuous place. Women wore them on their breast. Froissort, in the
154th ellnpter of the 21111 volume, says, '' he received, as the prize,
u clasp of prrcioos stones, wliicii the dochess of Burgundy detached from
her breust." Jt is for this reasnu, that the Latin and French MS.
Cloe::my translates the word monile cl~spor fermail. Elsewhere
rediminilum a female ornament, as a clap, chuplet, or girdle.
Johmnes de Janua calls it " Fibularium." Bnt I suspect hc intended
to have called it fibulaloru'um, which the Greek and Latin
Glossnry defines to be the diminutive of fitu20.
2 Robert, brother to the king.

"r,
AD. 1219.1 TnE TEAWL ARS WORSTED. 425
the battalion under tl~e count d'hnjou, wliich rcccived the
first nttack, being postcd the nearest to B3byIo11. Tire
cncniy ntlvanced in a ol~equered manner, like to a game of
cl~ess: loor their infantry ran towsrds our men, 3nJ burnt
them with Greek fires, which tl~ey cast from instru~nents
made for that purpose. On the other hand, the T~~rkisll
cnvalry charged them with such rapidity nnd success, that
.. the battnlion of the count rl'Anjou was defeated. He llinlself
was on foot anlong his knights, very uncon~fortably situated.
When news =as brought to the king of the danger his
brother mas in, nothing could check his ardonr ; nctr mould
11c wait for nny one, but, sticliing spurs to his boree, galloped
into the midst of the baltle, lance in I~and, to where his
brother was, and gave nost deadly blows to the Turks,
Iiastening nlwn.ys to where 11e s:~wthe greatest crowd. I-Ie
mfi'crcd Inany hard blows; nnd tile Saracens covered a11 his
horse's hi1 and r~imp with Greek fires. Yon nlny be assured
t,llxt nt such s time 11e llnd God in Ilk heart and rnind ; and
jn good truth our Lord in this distress hef~~ic~dcrl Ihl, and so
fa.1- assisted him, that the king rewued bis brother, the couut
d'.An,jou, and drove tbe Turlis before him withoub the lines.
Nest to the battalion of the count d'Anjou wna t.ht commnndetl
1,y Sir Guy de Guivelins, aud his brotl~er Bnldwin,
which joined the hnttalion of t11:~t bold and gal lnnt man Sir
Walter de C113stillon. He II;L~ with 11im non~bers of chivalrous
knights ; and these two battalions bel~nved so vigorously
against the Turks, that they were neither any way
broken nor conquercd.
The next battalion, however, fared but bdly, under the
conlmand of Friar Willianl de Sonnnc, master of the Temple,
who 1136 with hini the remnant of the men-st-arms that had
survived tbe battle of Slwove-Tuesd:~y, which had been so
severely ~nurderous. The nmtcr of the Temple, having but
fcw men, mndo of tbe engines that Lad been taken fro111 the
enemy, a sort of rampart in his front; this, nevertheless,
availed him nothing, for the Ten~plnrs linving added to tlmu
many planks of fir-wood, llie Saracens btirnt them with their
Greek fires ; and seeing there were but few to oppose them,
tl~ey waited not until they werc destroyed, but vigoronsly
nttxliing the Templars, defeated them in a very short time.
Ib is certain, that in the rear of the Templsrs there ms about

AD. 12-fl.l DEFEAT 01" LIENItY 111. AT TAILLEBOURG. 877
but it would be tedious to enter into the particulars of his
habiliments. I have heard several persons declare, that they
never before saw at any fenst so many surcoats oud other
dresses of cloth of gold ns at this.
After this feast, the Icing conclucted the count of Poitiela
to that city, to recover the fiefs ond lortlsl~ips. It Iisppened
immecliately after the Iring's arrival there, thnt the count de 1%
Marche, who had even dined at the king's table at Sa.urnnr,
secretly nsselnbled 2 large body of nlen-at-arms to wage war
against the lriltg until he shoulcl gain his object, and kept
hi~nselfat Lusignan new tc Poitiers. The good killq wisl~ed
to have been iu Paris, but he wrs forced to rem& at Poitiers
fifteen days without daring to venture beyold its walls. It
was mid that the king and tlie count of Poitiers llad rnde ;L
disadvantageous peace with tile count cle la Marcllc. It was
necessary, therefore, for the king, in order to make up matters
with the count 3e Is Marche, to 11old a p:~rIcy with hini and
the dowager queen of England his wire, moth to the monarch
on the throne.
It wm not long after the king mas returned from Poitiers
tb Pnris, tl~at the Icing of England and the count cle la
Marcbe unitcd together to make war on good St. Louis, and
to collect ZE hrge a body of men-at-arm as thy could.
They assembled in Gascony, before the castlc of Taillebourg,
wliich is situated on a dnngerons river called the Cllarente,
near whicl~ there was only one narrow stone bridge that
could be passed over.
King Louis, on Itenring this, marchecl an nnny against
then1 towards Tnilleboarg; nnd L~is men no sooner saw .the
host of the eneiuy, who had the castle of Tnillebourg on their
side, than with peat peril they hnstcned to cross the bridge,
and others passed over the river in boats, and began to
charge the English. Heavy blows were given on cach side,
which tl~egood Iring beholding, Ile with much danger joined
tl~enl: indeed, the risk was very cousidenble, for the English
wcre more numerous than the French who passed the
river, by one hundred to one.
Notwitl~stnnding this superiority, when tlle English fonrtd
that the Iring of Prance had crosscd tho river, they tool<
fright, as it seemed God willed, and made for the city of
ihintes, wliicb they entcred. It happened in the confusion,

tious, and how they meant to act. Some of tllenl infol-lnetl
tl~e king of thc iotmletl nltack of the encmy, and tiley
believed him ded and the army wit.l~ont a lendcr.
Upon this, the Iii~~g surnnioned all his captains, and coinrnn~dorl
them to have their men-at-:mns coli~pl~t~]~
nnd redy drown up before their tents at niidnjgllt, and tlreu
to advnnce ns far as the lincs which had. been mntle to prevcnt
tho Saracens entcring llic camp on horseback, a l t l ~ ~ ~ ~ h
they were so constructed that they might pass them 011 foot.
l'liis was pu~ictually csecutecl according to the king's orclers.
You m y suppose that the plan the Saracen chief had proposctl
2nd acloptd he lost no time in putting into rxecution.
011the Friday n~orning, by sunrise, 4,OUO knigllts, well
armed =Pa mounted, wcrc dlnrnn 11p in battaliom, alongside
our srlny, whicl~ 1:hy on the banks of the river toward 13nbylon,
and extending as far as a town callecl Ressil. When
the Pagan chief lind thus dmwn up his 4,000 knights in
front of our army, hc thrn brought another large body of
Saracens on foot, and in such numbers that they surroundecl
311 the other side of it. After doing this, lie drew up n.t a
short distance other bodies in con,junction with thc powor of the
sultan of Enbylon, to succour and aid each of the two fonner,
as occasion might occur.
The chicf of tile Saracens, having nnw co~npleted the arianyenient
of his army, dvanccd on Ii~r~eldi alone, to view
and malre his observstions on the manncr in which the king's
army was fonned ; aud mlicre he snm ours was the strongest
or wedtest, lie strengthened or diminishcd his own. After
this he ordered 3,000 BeJoui~~s, whose nature and character
I have described, to march in front of the t.roops nnder t.he
conmiand of the duke of Eurgundy, wl~iul~were posted bctween
the two branches of the. Nile, tl~idiing that part of the
king's army might be under the duke, and his own so much
the weaker, nncl that these Bedonins would cfectually prevent
the duke from nffording :my support to the king.
All these operations of tlic infidel chief to~)li liinl up until
about mid-day, This done, lie ordcrcd thc nxcnircs ond
drunis to be loudly sounded, according to the ndc of the
Turlis, which is certainly very surprising to tliosc who have
not been nccnston~cd to hear them ; and then both Ilorse an2
foot began to be in n~otion on a11 siiles. I will speak first of

tllat scverd of our mcn ~lltc~'edh t city with them, a.nd
were lmde prisone~x
I have 11cnrtl from some xmong them, that durillg tlltLt
nigIlt tl~erc w:ls nlllc11 discord between tile Icing of EnRlnnd
%nd tho count d~ I:L M;irc:lic in S:~.intcs;~,zy tllpy were informed
; ant1 tl~nt tlic king of E~lglnntl shonld tell tl~ecount
that he had sent for Iiim, under promise that 110 would find
great aid in Fr:~nce; and that, perccivi~~g the fallwy of Iris
inforiilation, lie should retnrn to G:tscony, whence 110 had
conle. The count de Is Marcbe tlius deserted, aud linowi~l~
that 11e co111d not amend l~imself for the evil 112 11sd done,
s~~rrerldcrecl I~iuoself, his wife mil c11ildl.cn, prisoners to the
kine, who gnined, on consentinfi to n pence, many consic1er:thle
tcrr~torics from the count. I lcnow not what quantity, for
I was not present nt the trenty, not having then put on tl~c
coat of mail ;I- but I have heard, that with tlm Inn& tl~e
king acquired, tho nou~~t de 1% MIL~C~I~ gave him clu acquit-
taalce for ten tl~ousa~d livres parisis, ml~icl~ he was wont to
receive from him nmu:~lly.
Sl~orllyafter tliis, the good king was taken grievously ill
at Paris ;$ and so bad was his state, thnt I Bavt! lleard that
onc of the Indies ml~o nursed him, thinking it was all ovel;
wanted to cover his face wit11 a cloth, but that anotl~er lady,
on the opposite side of the bed (so God willed it): would not
* See William Guiart and Matthew of Westminster, among others,
respecting the treaty, and this new war of the count de In Marche.
.I-John, lord of Joinville, was not n knight in the year 1243, and conseqnently
had not nttnined tbc age of twenty-one, which was the axe
to rcccive the order of knighthood, and put on the hanbevk, which was a
species of armour peculiar to knights. I-Iencc it comes that those who
possessed tick of l~auberlc in Normandy, " qui per lolicus term suns
serviehat," to the terms of the laws of William I., king of Englond, were
obliged to have horse and arms, nncl from the time they were twenty-one
yrars of age to I)e creuted knights, in order tl~at they might join the
armies of their prince or other superior lord, on the first summons, ns is
noticed in the ancient MS. Coutumierof Normandy, 1, P,sect. 3, chap. 8.
When the term Ir~ricaliis met with in ancient Lutin nnthors, it mwt be
nnderstood to mcan such knights done as were entitled to weur the hauberk,
for previously they wore hut the arms of squires.
$ The lord de Joinville says this happened at Paris ; but Nangis and
the author of the Chronicle of Saint Denis sny that it was at Pontoise.
William Guinrt particulnrlv mentions the king being ill at the monastery
of Mnuhuisson, and marks' the year 1243 for the period, nllile the others
place it in the followil~g year.

thy could not defentl tl~e~nsclres, and took to flight, to t110
grc:~t astonisl~~uent of tile otl~er Turks :tnd Sawens.
Wlleu the Turks saw tl~eir l~~do~s Hy, they stuck spurs
j.tn their horscs, nnrl chargrcl the priest, who wns rctlirnir~,~
to our :Lrrny, wlle~~cc 11nt.l snllictl fifty of our Inen to oppoqe
tlmu, as they wcre pursui~g l~im on l~o~.seback: tl~eTUI.I

AD. 1245.1 TUE I~IXGassuims TilE cnoss. 379
suffcr his fxce to be covered, or buried as it were, declaring
con tinn:dly that Ile was alive.
During tllc conversntion of these Indies, our 'Lord worked
upon him, and restored to him his speecl~. Tlle good king
desired tl~cu~ to bring llini a cn~cifix, wl~ich was done ; and
when the good ldy, his nlotller, heard tll:~t he had recovered
his sped,, she was in tlle ut~~~ost possible joy ; but when
sllc canle nncl saw that 118 Il:>d put on tlle cross* she was
panic-struck, and seexned as if sho would rather have seen
him dcsd.
In the like manner rw: the king had put on the cros, so did
Robert, count cl'htois; Alpllonso, count of Pojtiers; Charles,
count d'Aojoo, who wns nfterwnrds Iring of Sicily ; all three
brothcrs to tile king ; I7ng11, duke of Burgundy ; William,
enrl of Flanders ; l~is brother Guion de Flandres, who died
shortly after st C:ornpiv~~le ; the vnliaut count IILI~II (10 St.
Pol; 11is ncpllew, Sir Wsltcr, who behaved most gallantly
beyond sea, n1~1 mould lia\~ gninccl great Fenown llad longer
life Lcen gr:mtecl him. The count cle la March, wlio~n we
llnve lately mentioned, was also of thc numher ; Sir I-Iugh le
Brun and l~is son ; tlle conut cle Salcbruclle ; Sir Gaubert
d'Apro~nont 2nd his brotlicrs, in whose company, being my
consins, I, John dc Juinrille, croseecl the sca in a sn1a11 ship
which we hired. We were twenty knights : ten of who111
nccon~p:~nicdme, and ten came with my cousins. This event
toulc place :~fter Eater, in thc year of grace 1245.
Befo1.e my departure, I summoned all my me11 and vassals
of Joinville, who cnmc to nie the vigil of E:rstcr-dsy, whicll
w:~s the birthday of my son John, lord of Ancarville, by
my first wife, sister to the count of Grand Pr6. During that
wholc wcclr I wm occupied in feasts ancl banqucts with my
brother cle V:~uconlear, ancl all the rich men+ of that part of
* Richer, monk of Sens, says in his Chronicle, ch. 10, that the kin^
pnt on the cross in consequence of a vision that hc had during this illness:
Matthew Pilris mentions severill circumstnnces of this illness.
f. Our author makes use of this modc of expression in several parts
of his I~istory, to point out the barons and greut lords of a colmtry,
in imitation of the Spnniarils, wllo divide tlheir nobility into threc orders,
ricos onzbrcs., cauallcms, nnd i~fi~~pu. These nre called in Fmnce,
barons, kniglits, and squires. The term baron is generally under
stood lo mew nu those who have a right to bear a banner in the

:I.IIIA I~:~\~in,g ro~lscd ow people, wounded as we were, we dl.o\,e
tilt Snracc~~s fion~t!~e elyirrcs which they were so anxious to
recover. ,. Ihc king, sceinz tll:~t, scnrccly any of us had armour on,
fient Sir Waltcr dc Cl~nstillon, who posted himself between
11s nncl tho Tllrks, for the Lctler ~ I I : L of ~ I the ~ eryincs. Aster
?jir Waltcr Ilsd sevoetl timcs rzf~~~l.sc~l tl~enemy, wllo
F~vtl~~e~it t,tttempts tlt~ring the night i.o carry off' these eirgincs,
i11e Samcenq finding they co~~ltl not sl~cceed, retreatetl to
1:ny body of tllcir horse, that were tlrawn up opposite to o~lr
lines, to prevent 11s holn snq~rising their camp, w!lich was in
thcir rear.
Six of the principal Turks dismounted, armed from head to
foot, and made themselves a mmpart of large stones, as a
sllclter from our cross-bows, and from thence shot volleys of
arrows, which ofteu wounded many of our men. When I
ancl my men-at-arms who had the guard of that quarter saw
their stone rampart, we took connsel to,yether, and resolved
thxt, during the ensuing night, we would destroy this ran~part,
aid bring avay the stoncs.
Now X had a priest cdlccl John de Wnysy," who, having
ovcrlrenrd our coitnsel and ~wiolution, did not wait SO long, but
set out alone tomnrtls the S:ir;~crns, with liis cnirnss on, his
c:~pof iron, nncl his sworcl untlcr I~isarm. When he was near
the enemy, who rlcithcr thon~htof nor s~spected any ono
cullling against them thns alone, hc ~usherlfuriously on,
swonl in hand, and gave such blows to Ihcse six captains, that
* Anna Comnena, in the 292nd page of the tenth book of her Alexinde,
reproaches the Latins for thcir clergy puttin: on armour, and with sword
nnd lnnce hastening to the field of hnttle when they have but just
receivcd the order of priesthood, wl~ir:l: is directly forbidden by the
Greeks. Patrus Dioconus. in the fourth book of the Chronicle of
Monte Cassino, makes the same rl:ar~-e. Donbtless it is not without
renson that the Greeks bare so often mode this reproach to the
Latins ; seeing that although it has been forbiddcn by all the coun-
cils for priests to handle arms, or inten-bre in battle3 os comhntrinb,
yet notwit\~standing they are there to be found fighting like secnlnrs.
Thas we read that Ebles. abhot of St. Germnin des Prk, and Cosselin.
bishop of l'nris, fought valiantly against the Normans, who had bcsiqed
MI(? capital of France. The clerq not only fought against the infidels,
but against the Christians ; witniss tlir bishnp of Beauvnis, who. at the
battle of Bovines, struck the earl of Salisbury to the ground with hi
bathaxe.

the country, whew, after eating and clrinliing, we amused
ours el^^^ wit11 songs, nod led 3 joyous life. Wl~cnE'ricj3y
camp,, I sddrcuscd thrm thus :-" Gentlemen, know tlliLt1
am about to go LO the hloly Lmd, ~ l it dis
nncertnin whothcr
I may ever rct~~rn : ~Iio~ulCl therc be any of you," thercforc,
to ~11om I 11avc done wrong, md who thinlts he hns callsc
for con~ploint, let him Gome forward; for I an1 willing to
maka lum nrncnds, 3s I 2,111 BCCLLS~ORICCI to do to tliose mho
Lave con1pl:~inecl of Inc or my people."
I did tliis according to the usunl mnnncr of my count~y
:ml niy lands; 2nd in order that thcy mi$t not h:awed by
wars, and are commonly called bannerets, but to whom the Spnniards
givc a more specitic name, ricor hombres de senwu. I-liw. Blnnca in
Comment. Rer. Arragon often speaks of these rich men, or rntherof these
Spanish ricudreu, who are usually styled rici homincs in Latin deeds.
Many have thought that tlie ricom6rcs were thus named in Spain from
the syllable ric, which is found to terminate the names of the greater
part of the Gothic kings ; bur I believe it more probably originates from
another word which was common to the northern nations. Ric, which is
the termination of most of the names of their chieftains, signifies rich,
whence the Germans hnve formed the word t-iick, tbe French riche, and
the Spanish rico, to mark a person of opulency ; nnd because grent lords
are comn~only rich and powerful in land, they have been tlius styled,
besides that all who abourded in landed property did not come iinclcr the
title of ricos ombrm, for birth, fiefs, and distinguished lordships alone
gave this qualification.
* Those who had put on the cross, and were prepnring for these Ion:
and troublesome expeditions to the Holy Land, were accustomed, before
their departure, to settle their affairs, to make their wills, nnd to fix portions
for their children. And as their return wns very uncertain, botl~
from the dificultic.~ of the journey, and the hazards and perils of war. the
events of which are always doubtful, they commonly performed all such
acts as those who are on the point of dcath usually ohserve; such as
making restitutiou of whatever they may have seized or usurped from the
church or from private persons, for the discliarge of their consciences.
Title-deeds nbor~nd with these restitutions made to the cb~uch by knights
before tlie departure for the Holy Land. The lord de Joinville,
altliougl~ he did nut feel hiln~elf guilty of any such usurl~ntions,
yet to satisfy the duty of his conscience, made preparations, before
he set out on this esperlition, to repair wlrntever wrongs he might hnve
done to his lleighbouW, should there he any of cllcm that made complaint
against him. Mnny persons imagine that the greater part ofthe monasteries
built towards tlre end of the elevcnth century, n11d in the following
ones, were solely founded from the restitutions which the great
lords had made prior to their undertaking expeditions to such n great
distoncc.

st ; for tltcir hair :~1111 LC~I~S are long and black. They live
on the si~pcrsbu~~d:u~ce of tlic mill; from their l~crds; i~~ld
tltcir nuni!~crs :wc 11ot to bo con~~tctl ; for they dwell in the
I;i~~gilot~~s of JCI,II~;~~~III, E,q;pt, :ml tl~ro~lgltoutall tl~c
]:~.ncls of tile S:LI.;I,C~IIS and i~ilitlcls, to whom they are
.triGntx.t~y.
Now I am on tl~c s~~l!jcct of the Thlouins, I must say that
I hnve secn, si1118e rlly return from tltc I-IoIy Land, some
cnlling tlicmsc~lvcs CI~risti;uts, wl~o l~ol~l si~nilnr fail11 with the
. Bedouins ; fur tltcy n~:ii~i tain that IIO umn mn die bcfore his
dctcrrni~lctl time, i~nl~pen n,h:~t my, w11icl1 is a R~.I,dlorttl.
1. consitlcr suci~ n bulier the S;IIIIC ns if' tltcy sl~o~~lcl my 1lin.t
Cod 11x1 not the Iwwcr to n-iist ur 11111.1 US,1101. to ~CIII$~I(YI
ar abrirl~e our livcs, wl~icl~is I~crcsy. 011 tl~c contrnry, 1:
rleclwe tliat, wc O I I , ~ I I ~to put our wltolc fxitl~ ill llim wl~o is
a11-~1owwf111, a d III:I.Y, nccnl.(li~lg to hi.: po,l ~Ilc:l~lll.e, scntl
cs clcntl~ sooncr or 1:l.t~~. 'l'liis is the o;qioaite to tlte hit11 oC
tlic Ucdouills, wl~o fi1.1111y belicvc tltc cl:~.y of ~leath to cnch
person is cletc~xiincd int';l.llil)ly, witliout my l)oesil)ility of
prolo~~ging or sltottct~i~ig tlte ti111c.
,, lo return to tl~c oiigin:cl ~nattcr, and c~ntit~uc my history.
In tile eveni~~g of tl~k s~:\~csc c~~g;tgct~~crtt that I spolic of,
and wlicn we hncl tnl;e~t up our ill~nrtc~rs in tl~osc
we hcl rlriren t.1~ S:t.rn~:cl~s,nnly pc~~plt: brought me, from the
main nnny, s tcnt, which tl~c n~nstcr of thc Tcnipl:~rs, who
bad il~econ~~uand of tl~e van, 11:d given me. I had it pitcl~crl
on the right of t1:oc.c ~nnclli~~cs wc l~ael won from tl~e enenly,
35 encl~ ol' us w:Ls c a p for repose : iwlcd wa I~ad nccd of it,
fro111 the WOUIJ~H a11d h,tic;ucs we 11x11 snll'crcd in the lato
battlc.
Befo'orr: Jaybrcnli, i~owcvcr, we wcrc nlarmed by the cries
of TOarws, to arms !" ant1 I nde my chan~berlaiu rise,
who lay by my side, to go and soc wl~:~t was the ~nattcr. I-lo
was not long in rctorning, m11c11 friglttcned, and crying out,
" l\!y lord, up instsntly ; for the Saracens have entered the
csnlp, botl~ horse and foot, and l~avc already dcfeated the
guard whicl~ tl~c Icing l~sd q)pointed for our security, and to
defend tl~c engii~es wc Iml won from illem."
.I
1l~cse engines were in frout of the Icing's pavilions, and of
us wim were near Lo him. I i~nmedi:~lclyrose, threw n
cuirass on my back7 and put. my iron sl;ull-czp on my Ilcnd ;
~NJIII wl~ct~ce

nly Ivcsence while t11e.y cousultcd together, I withtlrem, nntl
woulcl only listcn to w11at they ~nigl~t sny to nle without t,llc
rcstmint of fear. I liliewisc ndoptccl this mensnre, bec~usc 1
~vxs unwilling to cnrry with me one single puny wrougf~~lly
; and to fulfil my domnmls thnt niigllt be ninde, I 11:ltl
~nortgngec-1" to frie~ds a grcat pnrt of my ir~l~eritance, so
tld tl~ere did not remain at the utmost more tl~nn twelve
hundred livres of yearly revenue from my lanclu; for IIIY
Intly-mother was still liviug, who held the best of my estate in
dower.
I set out, I before said, -with my nine knights, hying three
banners: and I ham mentioned the things above, bd~iuse if
it llnd not bcen for the aid and nssistnnc,~ of God, who uever
forgot me, I should never have been aLle to support such a
burden as I bore for six years, the time I was on my pilgrimago
in the Holy Land.
Wl~cnI was on tho point of departure, John, lord cl'Apren~ont,
and tlle count clc Snlebruche, sent to inc to inquire
if I were willing to join pnrtics, ancl eulbnrlc together, for
that they were ready to mnrcl~, ant1 their colnpnny consisted
of' ten knights. I cllcerfully Lwscntod, and mc ordered a
* The devotion of oar first crusaders in the Holy Land, added to
their courage and desire of acquiring glory and rel~utation in the wars,
were so extmordinary, that they not only made no difficulty in abandoning
their families and country, but even ulienated or mortgnged the
sirest parts of their possessions. The history of these wars informs
IIS, that Godfrey de Bouillon: Ibymond, count tle St. Gilles; William,
duke of Normandy; BoCmot~d, dnlie tlc lo Puglin; Rarpin,
count de Bourges, and other great lords, sold or mortgaged their
duchies or counties, to supply the mmns for the expense of so grcat
an enterprise. Such was the height of their fervour ; and in imitation
of them, and following the example of his ancestors, the lord
de Joioville did not fail to mortg~w the bctter pnrt of his estates,
although they were then but small, on nocount of his mother's enjoying
the larger share for her dower. The facility with which the
crusaders sold or mortgaged their lands, to af'ord tbem the mmns
of undertaking these expeditions, gave rise to the spirited reply
wllich king Philip Augustus made to John, king of England, who
having put on the cross, afterwards sent his ambassadors to Philip,
to demand " t.hat he would be pleased to restore to him some
portion of the land, which he had gained from him in war, for a
fixed amount of money." The Icing gave them this witty answer : " It
is a strange and unheard-of thing, for one marked with the cross to wish
to become a purchaser ; when he or~ght rather to sell, if he entered upon
his pilgrimage as becnnle him."

thc nature of dogs; for whcn t h e is one dog pursued by
nl~otl~er,nnd a shoutirlg ndc aftcr him, all tile other dogs
fall on him.
As my snl!jcct requires it, 1 shdl sny something concernin:
tlme I)etlouirls, nntl whnt sort of pcol~lc they be. ,rlIc
nctlo~~ius rcsitle in deserts and nmuntai~~s, :md 1r:~ve no grcnt
f:~ithin fifahon~et, like the Tlcrlis, but bclievc in religion
of illy," who, they say, mm uncle to ;Mnliomct. They are
~CI~SII:L~CCI that wllcu nuy one of them dies for the service
of his lord, or wlien :~ttcmpting any good design, Iris soul
cntcrs a supci.ior Ihl,y, and is niuch more conlfo~tnble
tl~nn it was Leforc ; t11is III:LIXS tlrern rcndy to die st tl~c
comrr~nncl of tl~cirsuperiors or elders. Tl~cso Bedouir~s do
not reside irr town or city, but slwnys lie in the fields and
clcscrtcd places, wlicre, wlwncver the wentlier is bntl, they,
tl~cir wives ant1 clddren, make themselves an Inbitstiou,
by sticking into the ground polcs connected by hoops, likc to
wlnt women use in drying their wtslied dotl~es ; and over
these hoops they tlrrow skins of their Inrgo sheep, which
they call skins of Soln:~s, tannccl with alum. Tlrc Bcclonins
lrnve Inrge pelisses of conrse hair, which cover their whole
bodies, and when evcning comes, or when it is cold or wet,
they mrnp thcr~~selves up in tl~t:~n, nnd rctire to rest.
Tllose who follow \mr lravc tl~nir horses feeding near thcm
dl~rinji the night, and have only to tnlte off' iheir bridles,
and Ict tllem eat. 111 the morning they sprcnd their pclisscs
to the sun, and, wlicn dry, rub tlmn, so tlrat they do not
nppcar as if they Iind been wettcd. ?'hey never are armed
fo~. combat, for tl~ey say, and Iclicvc, that no onc can die but
nt his nppoiuted hour : they hnve likcwise n mode of cursing,
nllutling to their faith, wl~cn t11ey swear at their cl~ildren,
saying, " Be thou :~ccnrscd, likc Iiitn who arn~s hil~rself
for fear of clenth." In bnttle tlicy us" only a yword, made
alter the Turkish nlnnner, and arc clothed in linen robes like
to surl,liccs. Tl~cpn,rc an ugly race, nntl h;dcous to look
* flly was not nncle to M;dlomet, but his cousin, nnd son-in-law,
havin; ~nnrriedhis d;~ugl~ti.r Fnti~nn. The writers of the Mnhometm
histories relate at Irn:tl~ the ciitTrenceof the religion estnblishetl by
M;thomet, and that inLrod~rrerl by Aly, thr Inr~l:~. ol' which was enrbraccd
ny the c;~lipbsof Egypt, who for thl rt,nson are called I'iLh~rilesin the
Eastern Cl~ronic:r, from thermne of filtmn, wilb of Air.--See. Ocltley's
Histovy of the Saracens.

382 JOINVILLE'S MEMOIRS OP SAINT LOUIS IS. [PT, 11.
vessel to he hired for us at Mmeilles, which cnrried us, our
arms and horses.
You must know, that before the king left the realm, hc
summoned all the barons to Paris, nnd there nls& them
renew their fc:~lty and homage,* and swesr loyalty to llis
children, should any unfortuunte event hnppcn to himself
during this expedition to the IIoly Land. I3e sumlnoned me
also ; but I, who was not his subject, would not talc8 tile
oath: besides, it was not my intention to remain behind.
When I was nearly ready to set ont, I sent for the abbot
of Chcminon, who ww at tlint time considered ns i,he most
discreet Inan of all the Wbite Monks, to reconcile myself with
him. He gave me my scarf and bound it on me, and likewise
pot tho pilgrim's staff' in my hand. Instantly after, I
quittecl the castle of 3oinville without ever re-e~~tcringit,
until my retm-n from beyond sea. I m:de pilgrimages to
all the holy places in tho uei~hbourhood; such as Uliecourt,
St. Urban, and others near to Joinville, on foot without shoes,
and in iny shirt. But as I was journeying from Bliecourt to
St. Urban, I was obliged to pass ncu .to the castle of Join-
\rille ;I dared ncver turn my eyes that way for fear of feeling
too grcat regret, and lest my courage should fail on leaving
iny two fine cllildren and my fair castle of Joinville, wliicl~
I loved in my heart. Being suddenly cnllctl r~pou hy the
count de Salbruche, my brother in arms, with our knigl~ts and
attendants, we went to dine at La Fontaine Archevklue
before Dongeux : and there the abbot of St. Urban, to wl~om
may God shew mercy ! gave to me and my l;nigl~ts very Landsome
jewels. We then took our leave of him, and went strn'ight
to Auxoune, where we embarked with our armonr on the Some
fo~.Lyons: our cavalry and rrsr-horses were led along its bnnks.
When we came to Lyons, we emhrked on the river RhBne
to go to Arles le Blanc. I remembcr woll tint on its banks
we saw the remains oE a castle called Ln Roche-gluy, which
castle the king had caused to be de~nolisl\ctl on account of the
lord of it, nn~ned Roger, having a very ill-famed reputation
* The king, Louis VIII., father to St. Louis, when talien ill of a
grievous disorder at Montpensier, of which he died, exacted a similar oath
from those barons who were then at court, as the lctters of this king
inform us. ~l~ich remain in Lhe curtulary of Chornpegne, in the Cl~nmber
of Accounts nt Paris.

I
A.D. 12449.1 TnE DEDOUIN AILAIIS. 41 9
wecp, praising tlic nanre of God, wllo had cnabled l~im to pin tlre victory.
Wlreu we arrived at our quarters, we found grcnt nunllws
of S:~r:~ccns on Soot Ilolding tl~c cords of :I tent wlri[:l~ some
of' our servants were erecting, mid piling nqindt tl~em with
all their 1ui~11t. Thc TII:IS~L'~of tl~c 'J:c~ii~lc, who had L h
comm:rntl of tlre vanguard, nlrtl III~YCI~, clinr,pl this rabl)lc,
oncl umle them run aw:~y. The tcut rcnr:rinccl, tlrcrcfore,
wit11 11s; uot, Ilowcver, tht lLcre was ally grclt figl~t, hr
, which Imsou mnny bonstcw wcre 1)ut to sl~anlc. I could
re;dily mention their nanws, bnl; :[ abst:~i~r from doin; so bc-
~:I.IISChey arc deceased; and IYC) o~yllt nut to sptd: ill of
the dead. Of Sir Guyon tle Mdvoisin I an1 willing to
speak, for tl~c const:tble ant1 I met l~irn on the road, return in,^
from Massourn, bcsring Iiindf gdlantly, altlioul;.l~ 1i:~rCI
pcssed by the Turks, who clusely pors~recl him; for nftcr they
Ilml dispcrsc~l thc count of Uri ttmy arrd his battalion, a~ 1:
Imve before mid, thy folluwetl tlre lord Guyon al~d llin
colnpmy. Be l~ntl uot sullbrctl I~IICIIin tlris engxgenicnt,
fur Ile and his pauplc 1i:~tl most conrqeor~sly beh~vcil ;
wl~icb is not to bc wo~~tlcrcrl:LL, w11e11, as I llnvc hcald
from thosc \vllo 1;new lii~n :III~ l~is fanlily, almost all his
1;rriglits wcrc of his liii~(lru~l :III~ linengc, and his mcn-ntalms
Iris liqc vaasn-Is. Tllis pvc tlrcm tl~c g~.ci~ter confitlence
in their chief.
A fler wc Jr:ttl iIisco~nfitctl the TIII~S, and driven thorn out
of thcir qnartcrs, tho 13edoai11s,l wlw arc a powerful pcople,
cntercd the canip of the S:~racc~is nntl To~ks, and seized and
cnmied off wl~atavcr thy could fiutl, avid all that the Saracens
, n11t.I Turks I d lcft bcl~ind t1lc111. I was nluch surprised :rt
tllis; for the I:lit1
it wm their usunl custoln t.o b~ll on the weakest, wll~clr is
* I-Ie is called Prere Guillaume de Sonnnc in the additions to Matt.
Paris. p. 110.
.i. The lord \IF: Joinvillc lins hew confoonded, as elsewhere, the Bedouins
wit11 the Ass;w>ins. Jncques de Vitry ~ryspositively they were Arabia~rs,
that their residclrce was near Alepl~orind Crnch, in Arnbia, and that tire
Asasins inhabited a cunton of tlw provincp of Pli~micin,enclowl 11).
nlountains new Tortoss. 1-Iowcrer this rnny be. every writs ;Igrees t11~
thc Bedouins were a wonderi~~g and vagnboud people.
2 ~ 2

A.D. 12-18.] A MIRACLE AT SE.4.
383
of stopping nnd plundering all merchants ancl pilgrims that
pnsscd ~11nt wny.
It was the ~nontlr of h ugust in this snmc year tlmt we
en~bnrkecl at the rock of N:~rseillcs," and tl~e ports of the
vessel were opened to nllow thc Irors,~s we inten~letl carryiug
with os to euter. When we were all on b~):~rrI, the port
was caullml and stopped up ;is cluhe ns n Inrgc tun of wine,
because whcu the vessel wss nt scs, t.11~ port was nncler
water. Shortly after the cnpbin or the ship cried ont to 1ii.r
people on its prow, " Is your work donc? Are me rcntly?"
They replied, "Yes : in truth, we are."
Wlicn the priests and clerks enibarlted, the cnpinin made
tl~ern lnou~~b to tho cilstle of the ship, and chant psalm in
praise of God, that he rnigl~t be plensecl b grant us n prosperous
voyage. They all, with n loud voice, san6 the beautiful
hymn of "Veni Creator," from tllc beginmng to the
end ; and while thy werc siuging, the rnnriners set thcir sails
in the name of God. Instantly after, n brcezc of win11 filled
our sails, nnd so011 mado us lose sigl~t of land, so that wu
only saw sen and sky, nud cnch d;~y me werc at a farther
tlistance from tho yl.wes from wl~icl~ we Lnd sct out.
I must say here, that he is a grcnt fool who sl~all put
llilrrself in srich dangers, I~nving wrouged any one, or having
any ~nortal sins on his conscic~~ce ; for when he goes to sleep
in the evening, he knows not if in the murrhg he lnay not
find liin~self under the sca.
I will tell you the first n~nrvel that bcfcl us at sea. It mns
:I great round mountnirl whicli we lnct with about vespers, off
Ihrbary : when we l~nd passed it, we rnncle all the sail we
could the whole night, arid in the morning we supposecl we
niust have run fifty leagucs, or more, but we feud ourselves
again off this large mountai~~. IVc were, of course, much
i~larmed, and continued to nlake all the mil we coulcl that day
:LII~ the following night, but it was all the snmc, we still had
tho monutnin near at hand. We wcre nlorc astonished than
ever, and thought wc ran grent risk of our livcu ; for the
sailors told us tl~at the Sarnceus of Garbaxy would conio and
attack us. A very discreet cliu~~cl~rnan, cnllccl the denu of
* He thas calls the promontory which encloses the port of Marseilles,
wi~;,ralhc l'urt of Nuke Da111ede In Godr is p!oce~l. 'I'llc writcrs of the
rniilclle a33 often use tlrc word roc!< to siplf'y u fort or castle.

Thus when the pod count de Soissons nncl myself
returned to our post OD the briclgc, dtcr clrnsirlg away tllese
~ensant.s, he rallied me, saying, "Seneschal, let us &\low this
inl)ble to 1,awl ~ n d bray; and, by thc ' Crcssc I)icu,"' his
uannl oath, "~OII a~ld1ndl talk ovcr this dtry'a : ~ c : \ ' ~ in ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~
tlrc cllamlmrs of our Laclicu."
It Ilaplicued that townldu evcning, :,about snnsct, tllc con-
;tn.ljlc, Sir Hymbert cle 13eau.je11, L1.ougl1t us tlrc c,.or;s-
I,ows that wew on hot ; nnll tlrc?,y drew up in onc front, wIlilc
VJC, Ilorsn~lien, disnroulitccl ~~ntl~x sl~eltcr of tl~c crt~:~-bo~~.
't'l~e S;~mccns, obscrvillg Illis, i~li~~~otlii~tuly tooli to Ri;;ht, nlld
left ur; ill pcncc. 'rhe constal~lc told nio tht wc lr:d Lcl~nved
w-cll in tlim the briclgo; and bade rnc go bol~ll~ to
tire l;ilq, and not cji~it hinr lmtii he should be tlisrnountcd in
his rtx~ilior~. 1 wcrlt to tkc killq, nlltl n.t thc snnle uio~nent
Sir .Jol~n tle Valcri joincrl, nld rotl~~cst~ctl of Ili~n, in tlie nmic
of the lortl dc, Cllnstillon, th;~~ tllo snit1 lord might conlnr:~ncl
tbc rc:rr gnxd, which the king very willingly granted. The
king tlren took the rod to rctnrn to iris pnvilion, and raiecd
the helmet fronl Iris liead, on wlrich 1 gnw 11im my iron
alcull-cap, mllicll was n~ucll liglrtcr; tl~ntIN n~igl~t h:~vc more
air.
Thus z we were ridi~lg to_~etller, Fa.tlm IIcury, prior of
thc lrospihl of lhnn:y, wllo l~:d crossc~l the river, cnnle to
him and 1;issecl l~is Irnncl, fully armed, :~nd nslrcd if Ire llrul
Ircartl any news of Iris brotllc~., thc count d' Arluis. " yes," replietl
tlle king, " I 1 ~vc be:d ~~11:" tht is ~ Imy, I that Ile knew
well be nras .sow in p:zrn(lisc. Tire prior, thinking to comf'9r.t
him for t,be rleath of l~is Lrnthcr, contiiruetl, "Sire, no king of
l'r:~nce 11as cver rcnpcrl such 11ono11r as yon ]lave JUII:: ; for
vitll great intrepidity have you :11111 your nnny crossccl n dm-
;;[!rolls rive1 tu cu1111)st your c11c111ics; sntl have lrccil so vcry
s~rcce~sful, that you Ii:t\.c put tlre~n to flight 2nd ~ninrd tlw:
fieltl, togetllcr with tllcir tvnrlilie engilics, with wllich they
had wonderfully nn~loyed you, nn~l concluded tlie :ltYair by
t;tI;ing posicsaion tl~is hy of tlu-ir cnnlp and tlnartcrs.''
I'lle goo,L I;il~g replitxl, tlx~t God sl~ould be ntloretl for :dl
ihn pot1 he 11:td grantctl him ; and then lw~vy tc:~rs bepn to
f:~lldown his cllcclis, which many great persons noticing, were
oppresd wit11 anguish and corupwsion, on sccing l~iru thu~

384 JOINVJLLE'S 3IIn10IRS OF SAINT LOUIS I?(. [pT. 11.
Mauru, cnmc forwmd nut1 said, "Gentlelnen, I never renlelnb,?~.nny
distress in our parish, eitller from too much abnndance,
or for want of r:~in or any other plague, but that God
ant1 his niotIter. clelircred oS from it, and causcd every thin
g
LO l~appcum it cotilcl Be wisllcd, when n procession lrnd heen
nladc the times wit11 devotion on a 8atorday." Now tllis
day wx. n Satltrrlny, and mo instantly began n procession
round the nlasts of hl~e ship. I renlemher well that I ww
forced to be supported under nly arms, because I was at the
time vcry sick. Intmecliately afterwards we lost sigllt of
thin mormtnin, nntl arl.ivcd at Cyprus the third Rxturd:ty
aftcr. we had 111:xcIc our procession.
We found, on our landing at Cyprus, that the good 1;illg,
St. Louis, was nlrcxly there, and had laid in pro.c.isions iu
great abuntlance." You would have taken his cellars, at a
distance, for great Iiouses formed of c.asks of wine, placetl
one on the other, which his purveyors hnd bought two yenrs
bcforc, and l~nd left in the open fielcls. In like manner was
the wheat, barley, and other grain in largc Im~ps, which, from
tlicir immense size, appeared like monntains ; and in truth
many would llavc supposccl them such ;for the rnins which had
battered their sides h d m:tde the corn grow, so that there
wm nothing to be seen but green corn. Wlien the army of
the kina c:I.me to remove the grain, in order to its being
sent to Egypt., and to tallre off thc crust of green corn, they
found the corn underneath as fine and fresh as if it h d been
just threshed.
Tie good king mas impatient to set sail, so that if it
hnd liot been for his hmous, and near relations, who prevailed
on him to wait the arrival of forces that werc daily
expected, he would have einbarlml done, or with a very
tiranll company.
While tllo king rcluninccl in Cypisus, the gent clia~u of
* Matthew Paris writes, then wlien the king's army mas in wnnt of
provision, the Venetians and the inhabitants of some other towns, which
he does not nnmc, brought succour. The emperor Frederick also
sent him assistance, for wliich the Icing felt so much obliged, that he
wrote in his Favour to the pope to obtain his absolution. Queen Blitnche
likewise thanked him by her letters, and sent him various presents, nn
acknowledgment to him from Prance, nssuring him that the whole French
army was indebted to him for its preservation.

"
(
luc to rlcfencl this bridge, and not on any account lo quit it, and
tll:~t he would go and scelr for succonr. 1 was sitting quietly
thcre on my horse, having my cousin Sir John de Soissons on
my right and Sir Peter tle Nouille on nry lcft hnntl, when a
Tulk, gnllol~ing from wlrero the king was, struck Sir Peter tie
Nouille so l~cavya blow with his bnttlc-axe on the back as
felled him on the neck of his horse, and then crossed llic
bridgefull spcecl to his own pcople, iniagining that we woulcl
abandon OUJ. post and follow I~inl, and thus they might pin
the lwitlge. TVl~cn Llley perceived tllat we would on nc.
accou~~t quit our post, they croscd tbe rivulet, nu,l p1:icctl
thclnselves bctwcen it and tl~e river; on wllich we marched
tow:irtls tllc~n in s~~ch-wisc that we were rcsdy to clmrge them,
if thcy l~ntl furl,l~er advanced.
111 our fl~~nt were two of the 1;iyg's hernlds: the name of
onc was Guillsun~e Jc Bron, and that of tl~c other John tle
Gz,yn~acl~es; against wl~orn tlle Turks, who, as I 11:~veuitl,
Ilntl posted thcmsel~es between the rivulet and river, led a
rabble or pessmits of the country, who pelted them with clods
of pr 1,ud large stones. At ln.st, they brought a villi~nous
thrice flung Greclc fires at them ; and by Oilc of
9 tabard of Guillmrne de Bron set on fire; br~t he
ofl', 2nd good neccl 11nd hc, for if it had sct tire
,., be must have becn burnt. TVc wcrc also co~ered
-.lcse showers of stones and arrows which the Turks dis-
,Llarged at tile two lreralds.
I Inc.'."y found near me a pubison" of coarse cloth wllich
had ' d to a Ssmcen, and turning the slit part inward,
T of shiclcl, which xvns of rnwh scrvice to n~e;
' \ wounded by their sllots in five places, wh~rcss
~ort iu fiftcen. Soon after, as God willed it,
vn,h.:~ls of Joinvillc brought me a banner with II:~
.,~da long knife for war, wlricl~ I was in want of; ancl
.I, whcn tllcsc Turkish vill:~ins, wl~o mere on foot, pressed
on tlrc l~eralds, we made :I,cl~nrgeon thcm, arid put tl~en~ iastantly
to fight.
* It sl~oulll be gnmbison, which is t11c name of this sort of dress.
Rogcr Eovedcn, in the year I lsi, wes thl: word wa~hrin,and in
page 614 that of wnnbais. The g.:~mlmison was n quilted dr~sa,rvcxll
stnllkl with vool, that bad ~ C ~ s~iilirdin, I I :and Ixnt 111) wit!l vi~i~;iir,
wliic:i l'liny, in the 48th chapter of 111s St11 hook, anys rehi!:ts Iron.
2 E

" This Icing was not thc grent cham of Tartary, but a pi,incc over his
subjects, whose name was Ercdtay, as we see in the adrlitiws to Elntt.
Paris, p. 116.

~~:rtumllg p o ~ c ~ mas ~ ~ tht t l day cloulhl by tl.le power
~ ~ for ~ he 1forcell , llinlsclf whercver he snw Ilis men in
dislrcss, :I,III~ z:L\.~SIIC~IL~O\VS wilh battle-axe 2nd swortl, it,
wm w~~~tlert'~ti to belwld.
TIR lortl dc Co~~tcfi~,~ ~111Sir John dc S:llcnny one (Iay
toltl rnc, that :~t this en~~$cn?ent six 3~url

e1;ainetl nlc in his service, :dlo::-i~i~me, lilcc 2 I;intl 800
livws To11 rni!is. 'I i ~~st:%ntly rct.u~:~ccl t11nul;s to C;,,d, fol. I llnd
now more rr~onoy thnn I hnJ ueccl oL
It is now ncccw:q tlut 1spcnk of tl~c sinte nllll po.cvcr of
tlrc II~~IICCR bcy111(1 SC:I., : ui I sII:~~ firs1 hgin \\,it11 tllc SllltDn
of Counic." This sult:~n is t!~c nlosl powerful killg of :I.ll
p:yp Innd, nntl 11:1(1 :I. most. III:LI,VC~~O~S wo~k :xt:l~ic~~(I ; fop
Ire II~LCI 111cltcd 1x~1.t of goltl, n d IIIXI~it into hrg~vescels
al'tcr tl~c IIIZIIIICI. of tl~c c:~rt11c11 pot8 in which wine is prewrvccl
in lllosc cuu~~tric:-, cnd~of wl~icll Idl nbont a ~IIIof
wiw. I.le :L~LCI'W:I~~S I~ntl t11c~:ic pok In-olren, nrd tilo pieces
];I,:{ in olie of I~is cilsllc~, wl~ic:l~ wi~s olxn for cvcry olic to scc
:LI:I~ ~oucl~ tl~csc brvkc~~ nln.5scs of goltl. It was &I tht Le
11nJsix or s ~ c or n tl~osc !:L~c pldc~l pots. Ih ~I.c:L~. ricI1~5s
WPI.~nlyrent in 3 pn~ilio~: wl1ic11 t11~ I&ig of 1\ r111~ni:x sent
to tllo Irilig of li'rnncc wl~en I I am ~ at Cylrl,~~s, for it was csti-
m:~lc11nt 500 liwc~. Tllc king ol' hr111c11i:z scn t word, tllnt
it I:;L~ IJCW given to L~IUby OIIC of 1110 serrr~is of lhe sul tnn
of Co~~nic. Now yon Inu.5, laow tllnt tl~o:je scrr:~is JIRYC t11~
cart and n~or~n;cn~cnt of tl~c paviliou.? GI tl~e siilt:n~, nud their
~n~l~le,~rncut is tc clcnn eycry tl:~y tlic nprtrncnts of his diffcrc'n
t p:il:~ces.
Tllis I;illg (IF Ar111c1;i:bW:LS Y:IHS;IIto tlre sdtnn of Connio;
ant1 went to the ~ ~ L Icl~nnlof I I ~ 'l'nrt:try to cmj~l:~in t!l:~t the
sllJfnn ll:ltl ma& war I I ~ ~ him, I I ::II{~ ].;C]I~ hi111 ill \.:Is.s~:I~@,
a1111nt t.11e snillc tin~e tc c:ltrcnL 11c wodd support md bilccour
lli ,I]. Ue corlscr~tcdto becrmc V:I.WL~ to the c1rn111 of 'l':~rt:wy,
if IIC ~vauld s~~~ply 11i1n wit11 :L I ; L ~ ~ body T of ~nen-:~l-n~mls
~l.pinst tl~c sult:111 of Connie.
,1.he c11n111 of Tnrbry was willing to clo this, :I.III:~ wnt him n
c:orlsiticrnl,le force, wit11 whic!~ ~ I I CIring of A~III~II~II. 111nrc11ccl
::%;!.inst tlle suit:~n, ~11oso nrlcly wns ~~e:irly rq11:11to his ;but
tl:c Arnicninns : LI~ Ti~rtnrsilch.tc:d tl~c troops of Clicir cucmy;
I.IICI ill ConPqLIcIIce of tl~is tlic Icing of Armenin W:LS IIO longcr
v:Ly.-xnl ,lor srlbject to the s111t:~n. This victory, which Ilc 11nt:l
!'.;li~lL'(l l~ytile :~ssistn~lcc. of thc Tartars, iucre:~setl his renown
* TIlis snltiln of Iconium, a tr~wnin Cilicia or Cnramania, wllich the
~,~,.l;~tllis at dily c;tll Coni, llnd the ri;mc of Axntincs, and was a
Clrriatinn. Thr~rr is n letter Iwrn bi~n to Pope Grr;ury IX., who
,Y:~II:~~ to per.su.~dehim to eml,wcc the Chrlstinu religio~r, in the Ecclejinstiu;rl
Annals of Otlol-icus RLI~II:~!~IIS, in the yar 1235, n. 37, in
which he is cnlled Alutinus.

i d I will follow YOU close." I nlso, the lonl dc Joinville,
said to the constable, tint I would be one of' his Irnigl~ts, a d
follow him in such i~ cxsc ns this.
All of us now ,qnlloped stixight to Mwsourn, and were in the
midst of 111~ 'l'urltisl~ army, wlleo we were instnntly scp:~ratcJ
from cach otller by the grcitter power of the Q:l~.acens a d
Turks. Sl~ortly after, a serjc-?ant at mace of the constablcz,
with whoni I was, came to him, and snicl the king was
s~~rroundetl by the Turks, and his person in imminent (lanpr.
You may suppose our astoniuh~uent and fcnrs, for t11ere rnc!ro
bctwcen us and wlwe the king wm f1111 one thnnsnnd or
twelve hun(1red Turks, and we were only six persons in dl.
I said to the constalde, that siirce it was inlposvible for us to
make onr way tl~ro~qli sucll a crowd of Turks, it woulrl Im
1i111chbetter to wLcel round nd get on the otlw side of tlien~.
This we inst:lntly did. TLcre w:rs n dcep ditch on the 18on.d
we tool: between tl~e S:~rscens nnd us; nutl, had they noticrrl
us, tl~cy muat have slain us all : but they were solely occupied
wit11 the lii~~y, and the larger Lodicu : perl~nps also tllcy
iuigl~t have taken us for sonie of their friends, As we thus
gaiiiocl the rivcr, following its course downward Get\vccn it and
the road, we obvervetl that the Iring hnd ascended it, and tllat
the Turks were sending fresh troops sftcr 11i1n. Both armics
now ~nct on the banlis, and the event was misernbly unfortunntc;
for the medier pnrt of our nrlny Lhought t,o cross
ovcr to the; division of the duke of Uurgundy, but t1n.t was
impossible from their horkes being worn down, nnd thc extre~ncheat
of the weather. As we desce~~led tl~c river, we
s : it ~ covered with lances, pikeu, sl~ields, nlcn and horses,
un;~l)lcto mve tl~c~lrsclves from dcath.
JVl~cn we perceived the ~niser:ible state of our nrniy, I
nclvisetl the COIIB~:LLICto reniain on this side uf tl~e river, to
g~!:~rda small briJgc that wrns 11wd by; 'Lfor if we leave it,"
atltlcd I, " thc enemy may come :~nd sttack the king on this
side ;nnrl if our men be assaulted in two placcs, they must Le
disco~nfitcd."
Tho then we halted ; sncl you rnny believe me wl~cnX
my, that tl~e good king perforn~ecl thnt dzy the most gallant
decds that ever I saw iu any battle. It wi~smid, tht Ilnd
it not bccn for his persons1 escrtions, the wl~olc army would
hare been destroyed ; but I believe thnt the great courage he

I
A.D. 1248.1 SULTAN O ~ ~ A D S L OPOISONED. N
387
so in11c11 in Cypiws, tht many of our pcolrlc wcnt to hrrnonia
to srek for profit in h s c c~~;p,gcnlcnts; but uf tl~cn~ we 11:~cl
never after any intel ligcnce.
(If the sultan of Bi~hylon' I sldl say, that Irc imagined tlic
king was :~bonto 1113kcwar on the sult:ln of H;IIII:I,II~~,+his
nncicnt cuewy: he was thcrcfure waiting for tl~ekin;. to join
his forces agicinst the sulin~~uf 13or11:~ult ; Gut whc~ he yurceivcd
tllnt tho king did nut ntIvn~~cc, 11c tlcpxtcd, :ml went
to sicgc to the city of' Ilall~nult, in w11icI1 the sulliu~
resiile~l.
The sultan, thus finding I~inmlf bcsiepl, knew nut, horn to
~ t for ; 11e was a\vwe, tld, if the sdt:~.~~ ul Ci~bylon ~11o111d
rcmnin long, he nlnst conqucr m l ovc~tl~rowhim. HI?,
huwcvcr, 1~l.i~ctiscd so s~ccc~~f'ully by girts 51111 pron~ises wit11
or10 of the varlet3 of tl~eCII;LIIII)C~ of tltc SI~~~:III of Unbylon
that IN poisoned his master. Tl~cm:Lnl;cr of Ilia cluing it was
2s follows :-Tllc varlet,, who in Ll~eir langunge is oliici:dlg
cdled Seuis, knowi~~g hat tlte st11kn nftcr lhying nt tllcss 1:
w:u freque~~tly ilsccl to lie clown on rnots hl~at were nt the foot
of his bed, poisoncd one of tl~eae nnts ; a-nd it clt:~~~cetl timt
thc soltam, Il~~illg i],rown ixsi~lc part of his dress, ly on tl)c
~nntwith his naked lepl nntl turning abuut rubbed n sore Ile
llad on one of tlle~lingamst tl~c poisonetl prt. 'J.'l~e venoln
:': According to the Arobinn Chronir:le ivet~ to the puhlic by Abrulton~
Echellensis, ltis nolnc was Salali I\r;tL::vri-ad~li~n Aiiiib, and he was WII to
the king Alc;~~i~el Muho~net, whom Vincent dc Ueuuvais calls Soldanus
Kiemd.
.b It should lie of Hamnn. This snltnn w.~s lord of Alcppo, as are
learn from the monk Aytlnin, (:h. 33 :\nd 3!), and from Vincent de
Bauuvnis, 1. 92, oh. 8'3 and 95, wbcwiu Ile ~xlntes also the ditl'erencr
betwecn the two sultans.
This q;ime lius bean alwtys very mucli in sojiue among the Tuvks nnd
S~tracens.as we learn fro111 Elctnng:i~~, 1. 2, A. 7, frum Aytl~on, c11. 33.
and from DUCIIS, in his History, ell. I(;. Tile galnc: has even taken its
name from a Turkisli or A~xl~ic word SI:JC~I, wllicli signifies king, because
the ptincilial piece of chess is the king, ns is noticed in the Pirndect of
Leunclu\*ios, n. 1, 109, Li9. The Greclts of the middle ages, and those
of the prcsent day, call it Znrfitrroi., as Siturunise in his ohnervntio~ts
ou Pliny, and Manrsius in his Glossary. lime olservcd. Anna Comnena,
in the 22nd book cf her hlesiiicle, tnulies use of this word, ontl ITmi~rlcs,
that it nns invented hy the Assyri;ias. See the (.!lironic:le of
I-Iainault, by J'ucqws (la Guyse, vol. i. 1117. 5:; and 5-1, trntl 1T. Menng-e
in his Glossiwy ol' tile French Lnttp~agc. Lucnlrus in Pnneg. nd Ptsm~elu
liiis eleguutly described thc game of cltess, and aCrer him Hieronycnus
Vidas.
2ca

ot,her artillery. But the conflict consisted of blows wive, to
each othcr by battlc-axes, swords, htts of spe:lr~,ail
together. From all I saw, my Irnightu and myself, all
wouncletl as we wcre, were very impatient to join t,lle battle
with the otllers.
Shortly after one of my csq~~ircs, who bad once fled from
my bnnne~, canlc to me, and brongl~t me one of my Flemish
war-horses : I war soon motinted, :mcl rode by the side of the
Iring, whom I found attended by that tlificreet man, Sir dollll
tle Valeri. Sir Joll~~ seeing tllc king desirous to enter into
the midst of the Imttle, advisecl him to make for tlle rircrde,
on the right, in order that in case the should be ally
danver Ite might have support from thc duke of 13urguntly
"!
xiid 111s army, which had been left behind to gnartl tllo
camp ; and lilrcwisc that his rnen miglrt be refreshed, 2nd
ham wl~crewith to qnench their thirst ; for the weather was
at this rt~o~nent exceedingly hot.
Tho king sent orders for his barons, knights, and others
of his council, to quit the Torlrisl~ army, and on their arrival,
dcmanded tllcir counsel, what was best to be done. Sevcral
answered, that the good knight, Sir John dc Valeri, now by
his sitle, would qive lkn the best advice. Then, according
to the former opinion of Sir John de Valcri, which many agreed
was good, tllc Iring turncd to the right hand, and advanced
toward the river.
As this was doing, Sir I-Iumbert tlc Beaujen, conshble of
France, came up, and told the Iring that his brother, tl~c
count cl'hrtois, was much presscd in s house at mass our:^,
where, however, Ile dcfended liimself gallantly, hit that he
would need speedy assist:mce ; and entreated the Iring to go
to his aid. The king replied, "Constable, spur forward,
them. It is certain t,hnt the above-mentioned arms have been forbidden
at various times by the popes, and particularly ut thecouncil held ot Rome
under Pope Innocent 11. in the year 1139, ch. 29. The emperor Conrad
was one of the Christian princes who forbade their use for similar reasons.
From whence it is emy to judge, that we must interpret favourably the
terms of the Breton pnrt, when, in the second hook of his Philippiade, he
says that Richard I., king of England, invented cross-bows; it must
be explained by his meiming that King Richard revived the use of thrm
during his reign. This is so strictly true, that in every action we read of
in the histories of the first crusudes, they made use of bows and cross-
bows.

il~stsntaneo~~sly took erect throngh this sorc, aorl llis Mrllole
hdy I~ecnnle so ~nucll afc~tetl
thnt 110 lost the use of tll:Lt
Wllcn tho venom was COIIIC townrtls the hccLd, he continuccl
for two days willlout eflting or drinliin:, nu11 tIlis mas tllc
c:tr~r: tliat the sultan of I-Jmodt re~nninctl in pene, for tllo
~~lltnn of Dnbylon W:IS 01)lipl to bc cnrricd b,zclc to lliuonn
country by his pcople.
As soor1 as the month of ikfnrcl~was come, it mar procl:~i~ncd,
I)y orders of t h king, tht dl resscln sl~oulcl be Inhlell
:cot L rt::~tly to sail wllunevcr thc king sl~oultl cwnrnsud. All
tl~ings I~ei I I rcn~lg,LIIC ~
It inc, tl~e qllccn, anal tl~cir I~or~~cl~~l~l~
cirll,.~rlte~l on bonrrl tl~cir tliffcrc~~t sllipu. On the Prid:~,.~ prc
catling TIrhitsnntl:~y, tho king onli!~~c.levery one to l;ll]om
Ilinl on tho morrow, and proccec-I to Egypt; ad on tile
molarom, being Sntwln.y, cvcry vc!-,scl 111:dc sail, rnhiol~w:i,c;
n. plc:zsnnt sight to scc, hr it seemell :LS if the wholc sen, as
f : as ~ the siql~t co~~ltl vcncl~,mas coverctl with cloth, f~om the
g~.m"lciua~~tity of sails tl~nt were sprcntl to tho mind, tl~cre
l,cin,q 1,600 rcsscls , pnt nud sndl.
Tlie Ling, followed I)y the other vcssels, came on Whitsund:%y
to the poi~~t of Lyn~csson, wlmc bc! lnnded, nncl l~enrrl
m*s ; but of full 2,500 k~~ifil~ts, W ~ l~ad O ~111I~3rrkeil to follow
tllc Icing, tlierc wcrr: now only 700 with hi111 on drore. A
1101*riblewintl tllat blew froin Egypt I I 11m1e ~ the ren~nindcr
alter tl~cir collrse, hnrl llml scp:11':~ted tlm~ f~,om 1110 company
of the liing, and driven LII~IIIun th coxst of ACYOand othcr
strange countries at a. pnt ~listmcc,so tl~at tl~c king did not
scc them %gain for a, long time. TJc nml Itis compnnions were
IIZIIC~I gricvcd :~thcir lass, for thcy Lclievd tlmn drowncil,
or in pent dzi~ger at 1ex:t.
On the Inorrow of Whit:jr~ndny, thc wind \VXS favcnrxble,
nnll the Icing and we who were with hini mnde sail, in God's
name, to pursue our route. It. hppened thnt in our course
we met thc prince of l\for~:2" a.1~1 the dulic of Burgundy,t
wl~t, 113s sojoornctl in thc Mrwe:~. The king arrived wit11 his
Willium de Villelinrdouin, prince of Ael~ni nnd of the Morea, senesclinl
of Rnmnnin.
f- Thr duke or Buryndy hnd pssed the winter in llle Molm, nccovd-
in$ to Vincent tle Ucnnvnis, 1. 32, ell. 87, awl, as I presume, then
rdul-lied to Cnnstmtitio~.~lr. wi~icil Ihe unclcrtonli ill ennseqocnce of n
promise Ire Iliul made Lhe emperor Ilrillilwin so long ngn as the yeor 1238,
to succour him in case of need, RS we read in ALoericns.

I
I thcu qnittiy 1.1olcl of tl~e rcin of l~isbridle, he galloped townwls
the couut d'Anjo11, to request he would snppo~.t us in
the h g e r we were in.
T11c1.e wit^ n p b t lord wit11 llim who wishetl to dctnin Ili~n,
I)nt tile good pri~~ce woultl 11ot attend to w11:~tIle ur$, b111,
spurring his ltorse, gnllup~cl towa~~tls 11sfollowcd by his 111cn.
I *
1be S:~r:~cens, observi~~~ tlwtr~ conling, left ns ; but wl~cn on
their i~rrivnl they sn.w tl~e Snrncons cnrrying nwny tllcir pri-
Boner, Sir 2t:~oold tlc W:lnon, b:~~lly wo~~nclecl, tlley I~sttwcd to
recover II~III, and bro11g11L 11i1n Il:~cli in a most pilift11 etntc.
Sl~o~.tly after, I saw the lti~r,? nrrire with ell his nl:c!u~lants,
nnd wit11 a tcrriblc noise of' t~.u~npets, clarions, and horns.
IIc I~altecl on an eminence, wi1l1 11;s n~cn-at-wms,for something
he had to b3y ; n ~ dI nswrc you I ~ic\'crsnw so 11midsomc
n nlnn ncldcr nrrus. I-Jc w;ru taller than any of his
troop by the shoultlers ; i~nrl l~isIreln~et, ml1ic11 wns gil~lcd,
mas I~nntlsomcly pli~cctl on his I~cd; 2nd hc bore a Cier~uan
sword* in his II:LII~.
Soon nftcr Iw lml l~:dt.ed, 1n:illy of his knights were obserrerl
i~~tcrn~ixccl wit11the 'l'u!,lts : Ihcir conq~nnions inshnlly rushed
in to tho bnt,Llc among tlietn ; nntl yon n~wt Itnow, tl~stin
this engagement werc pcrforn~t!cl, on both sides, tl~crntost
galhnt clcccla tl~ntwere ever done iu this especlition to the
Holy Land ; for nonc msdc nrc ol' the bow,+ cross-bow, or
* William Guiort, in the Life of Philip Augustus, speaks of these
German swords :-
" A grnns e+es tl'Allrrnagne
Leur tr;cnclient suovrnt les poins outre."
In his description of the battle of Bovines, Ile says that the Gerrnnns
fought with short and slwp swords. 'J'lle emperor Niwphorus PIIUC~IS
reproaches the Gerrn:~ns, tilrnogh Iris anrlassador Luitj~rundus, Ibr their
long swortla. In sonlc rdtl ordmi~~icrs of the town of Paris mention is
mode of the swords of 1,ol~ec. l71c French, on the contrary, used short
swords. William Gniart :-
L'Li lhnpis esl~&sreportent,
Courtes et roidcs, tlont ds taillent."
t To kill im enemy by the boa, rlwss-bow, or other nrtillcrg, has never
been esteemed by Ihe French un wric~~~ of valour. Tlq olrly valued blows
from the hand, sword, orl:~nce, ahi~:h required arldressa~cdskill; and it was
for this reason, thnt, in procrss ol'iin~e, they lbrhadc the uueof cross-bows,
a~~ows, and poisoned dxrts : it w:. no1 sufficient to dcstroy the enemy by
any menns whatever, it was nccissnvy tlwt he sllonld be conquered by fair
force, and with such nrulv as dirpl:~yec! the dexterity of the person using

* The llalinns cull them nacea?.a nlnl r/nncnra. Philippo Venuto snys,
that jt is a " Stro~nentcr mosicu, col qude i fanciulli cantnno il sun Mnr­
tino." Pietro dc In Vulls, in his Travels, ep. G, says, that a sort of dmm
is c~~llc~l by tl~is nume which is usrd Iry the German cavalry, nud which we
co~r~nw~~ly call l!jmbn/s. Jean d'Oronsille, in his History of Louis, Duke
of Bourbon, cl~up. 76, attril~utc!~ in like ni;rlinel. the noccsires to the
Saraccl~sof Africa. " Tllc king of Tunis, the king of Tremeyen, and the
king of Bulgin, came before tile town of Arrica with their'arrq, and, nccoitling
to custom, attentled I J ~thcir nilccuircs, drums, cymbals, flute,,
and ahoutings."

4:2 JOINVILLE'S MEMOInS OF SAINT LOUIS IS. 71.
shortly replaced my shield oil nly Iwe:~st, and grasped
s1"5r1 tllwing wllicl~ time tlic Lord Zrmt d1EsnlerZy, wlrosc
sl,uI III;LY Cod p~rd011! adva~lccd to\var-rds Ine, for Ile llnd
;i.\so been ~h'lldi down by tile Cllelny ; and we retreated to­
zetlrcr tow:.xtls nn oitl ruined Iloose to wait for the Icing who
\\-as co~nir~g, and I found Illcaus to recover my Ilorse.
As we wcre going to this huse, a large bolly of Tudts
cnnlc gallopi~~g towarcls us, but pnssed on to n party ~,foars
wl~om tl~cy saw lid by: ;IS tlluy p:lssetl, they strut.k to
the p.ount1, with my slricld over nly neck, and gnllol,e3 over
ille, t11ii1ki11.gI was dtx~tl; ard inlleed I was nearly so.
'When rhey were gonc, my con~jranion, Sir Errart, canje and
raised IIE up, and we -\ve~~t to tl~e w:llls of tl~e ruined lio~~se.
Thithcr a.lso l~nd retired Sir Hugues tl'Escosse, Sir Feneyr; de
Loppci, Sir Itcgnnult dt: Mentmourt, :~rlJ seveld others;
:mi tl~el-e also the l'urks cme to attack us, more l)r:~ve!~
thn,n ever, on all siclcs. Some of tl~em entered withill (.he
walls, im[ were n long ti111e fighting with 11s at, spear's le~~gtl~,
during w11icl1 ~ ny knigl~ts gave nit: my I~orse, wl~icll thy 11cltG
lest IIC sl~oultlrun an~~y, and :xt the same time so ~igorousl~
defended us apinst the T~~rks, tl~nt they wcrc grcntly prais&l
by several nhle persons who witnessed their prowess.
Sir Elugues d'Escosse was Jep-:eratsly hurt by three grcat
wounds in the fwe ar~d elsewhere. Sir Itaonl and Sir Fcrreys
were also bdly wou~~~lcd in their shoultlers, so that tllo
blood ,spoutet.l out just like to a tun of wine wlm tapped.
Sir Er~art d'Esnlcrny was so scvcrely wounded ill tho fi~se
by n s \~o~l, the stroke of mhicl~ cul oll' his nose, that it I I L I I ~ ~
cluwn over his ~noutlt. 111 this severe distress, C callcd to
my mind St. James, and said, " Gootl Lord St. Jarnes, sncconr
mo, I: besecrl~ thee ; and colna to my aid in this time of
need." 1' had scarcely ended IIIY prayer, w11411 sir Krrsrt
said to me, 'Sir, if I did not tl~inlc yon 111igl1t sllppose it
was done to abandon you, and s:Lve rr~yself, 1 woulcl go to n~g
lord of' An,jou, .whom I see 011 the plain, nnd beg he would
Ilnsten to yonr help." "Sir Errart," I replied, "you will do
me great l~or~our and plc:~sure, if you will go and seek uuccoup
to sa.fe ow lives ; for yocr own also is in great peril ;"
and I .mi.l truly, for he died of the wonud he l~nd received.
All were of my opiuion tli:~t he rj110111d seek for sssistililce ;and

king on the Z"richy, to for the galley which Ile had
ordered for us ; llut Sir John tle Mmont replietl, in tile presence
of the killg, that we should not th~nItavo it ; from
\vliicl~ nlny be I

,
.,
'
Imd on the sacldle to mount, I gave him such n, thrust witli
niy spear, wl~icll I pushed as far as I was able, that. he fell
duwn dead. The esquire, seeing Itis lord derul, abandoned
master and horse; but, wiltcliing my motions, on lny return
struck me with his lance sucll a blow between he shoulders
as drove me or1 my horse's ncclc, aud l~cltlme Ll~ere so tigl~tly
tllat I coulcl not draw xny sword, wllich wns girthed ronlltl me.
1 was forced to draw anotl~er sword which was nt the pommcl
of my saddle, and it was high time ; but, when he &%\v I l~ad
my sword in my hand, he will~drew Itis lance, wl~icl~ I had.
seized, and im from nie.
It chanccd that I and my knigl~ts had tmversd the army
of the Saracens, and saw hero and there difcrent pm.Lics of
tliem, to the amount of about 6,000, who, abandoniug their
qu:mters, had atlvnnccil into the plain. On perceiving tht
we wcre separated from the rn:bin Lotly, thy bolilly i~ttac1ier.l
113, and slew Sir ITII~UCS -de l'richatcl, lord d'Esc:uflans, wllv
bore the Lnnncr of our company. They also 1,;aJe prisoner
Sir Rnoul de Wnnon, of our colnpany, wllon~ they I d strncli
to tile ground. As they were ~m'ryiug l~ilu off, nly knights sncl
~nyself' kl~cw him, and instantly Itostened, with grant courzge,
to assist him, and deliver him fro111 tl~cir llands. In returning
from this enggcment the ?uyks gavc me snch heavy blows,
tlmt my Ilorsc, nut being nble to wi~hstnnd tl~enl, fell on his
knees, and threw rne to tho ground over his IJCW~.'" veyy
* After these words, ns far as "to the vnlls of this ruined house," the
Poitiers edition II;.IS, " and the Surncens would hnve Iiilled roe, had it not
been for Sir Arnaud de Commenge, viscount de Couzerons, who came
most valisntly to my succour, aid tile vigorous f;ollentl.y IIC displayed.
He had left the cross-bows, which be w~sconducting to the cnn~p with
thc duke of Burgundy, nnd had followed the count de Poitiers, whom he
would [lever abandon in any serious affair. From tl;e time he gave me
thiv timely assistance, there never was a day of my lit'e tl~:lt I did not most
afl'ectio~~utelylove Ilim. c'After I was tl111.s rescued from the Sm-acens.
the viscount de Couzerans and myself retired towards a house that had
bee11 drstroyed to wait for the king, who was coming, and in the mean time
I found nn opportunity of recovering my horse. But while we were
waiting mar this house, a fresh troop of Saracens appenred, who seeing
the rnj~in body of our people in our rear, puslied by us Lo uttnclc them :
iu thcir passage, they flungme to the ground witli my shirlll over my neclc,
and plloped over me, tbinking me dead, which was ne;~rly the case.
When they hnd pnssed, Sir Arnaud cle Comrne~~ge, dter having courngeously
fought the Sarnce:~~, returned to nte.iwd rnwd me from thc ground,
and then we went to the walls of this rained house."

tll~ln, and con tinuecl aclvancing torvnrcls n, large battalion of
S;~r:~ccusand Turks, consi,dti~;;: of G,000 III~JI, at hst, 011
IlO~~~hlcIi. '.hc rnon~ent tllcy saw ns on shosc they ~purl'ctl
their I~orscs full g:~llol) toward us ; but we strid< our sljcnrs
ad slricltls inlo tl~em11J with their poi~its agninst tllcln,
which ns soon ns they pcrcci\.c(I, ad tlmt we were nclvanciiig
inl:r.rld, they su~lclc~~ly wl~c~l(~.l nbout and fled.
., 1hat discreet man Sir-B;21dwin do Rhein~s, as soon as I
was l;inde(l, scnt one or l~isquirts to desire I would wait for
him. I ~intlc miswer, by his Incssengel; that I would clleerfully
do so, for that so vnliant 2 man :IS IIC was well ~lcservcd
waiting for; and hc rvns thni~l~ful for this attentia:~ as long
as he livctl. Re shortly nftcr joined our company, with 3.
t11ous:~nd 1;ni;;hts :~t 1cni;t. You must know that wl~eu1:
first I:in~letl I lracl not :illy onc persnn with ulc, neihher fric~~d
nor scrv:~r~t, of sll lhnsc I 11ad hronght hon~ Frnncc. Notwitl~utmdingtl~is,God
a1w1.y~ msistecl nle wit11 his gracc, for
wl~iclrI ever pise him.
011 oar lcf~tllc count de Jnpllc,* counsin-gern~an to the
conr~tcle Montbelinl, and of the [incap of tile l~o~isc of Joirlville,
drew 1111 his 111en. This COIIII~Japbe Ira11cIi~cinb:~rk~~l
in a niost pncl manner; for his gnllcy w : dl ~ pnil~tcrl
witl~imide and without with escutcheons of Iris arms, wllicll
were n, cross pt6e gdcs on R field 01.. There mere full tlrrce
Lundlwl sailors 011 board thc gnllcy, each bearing o ti~rgct of
defence of their rigl~ts, and to bear thrir standwds in wnr : hence they have
been cdled stilr~cl,~~~~l-be;r~ws to thc church, " Signiferi ~cclesiarom." Tlic
counts of' Vr.sit~ nntl of Pontoise l ~ this d title in tlw Ilionostery of St.
Denis, of which thry were the proxies and guardiuns, and in this qunlity
they borc the ol.itlarrirne in thc wnrs which they undertook in the defet~cc
of its property. 1"roln this the banner lins been by authors more cornmonly
culled the stnnilard of St. Dcnis, not because it was preserved in
the chur~:L of that ~nonastcry, I~ut bemuse it wes the bnnner usunlly borne
iu the warn in which this abbey was concerned. We may therefore conclude
thnt it was out borne by our ki~~gs in their wus until they were become
pvoprietom of the couutics of Pontoise nnd Mmte ; that is to say, or the
Vcsin, which happened during the reign of Pbilippes I. or of Louis le
Gros, his son.
" This count w;~s the person who had sucmeded Count Walter dc
Driennr, made prisoner by the sultnn of Persia, nhout the ywr 1246. tliv
name was John d'lbelin, and Ile wns lord of' UuruLh, by d~xentfrnm his
fatl~er, Balinn d1Ibrlin. His mother NUS Eschive de Wlonthc-liard, by
mason of whicll nllianr:~ Jol~n d'lbulin was n cousin, once rewoved, from
Gernnin de Richirrd, count dr: Montbeliard, son oC Peter.

1110 JOINVII.LE'S MRMOITlS OF SAINT LOUIS IS. [PT. 11.
horses fell in md were drowned. The king seeing it, pointed
it out to the rest, that they might be nlore cm.efuI onti avoit[
similar danger. Among those that were drowned w:ls that
vali:rr~t knight Sir John cl'0rle:~nq who bore the banner of
the arlny. When we cam to the ford, we saw, on the opposite
bank, full 300 Saracen cn.valry ready to defznd tllis
pa~wge. We cntcrerl the river, and our horses found a
tolerable ford with firm footing, so that by ascending the
strearn we fou~~d an easy shore, and, through God's Ineq,
wc all crossed over with si~fety. The Saracens, observing us
tl~uu cross, fled :&may with the utmost despatch.
Before we set out, the Icing had ordered tlx~t .tlie Templars
sltould form the van, and the count d'Art,ois, his brother,
~lioulcl conin~ancl the second division of the army ; but the
mornent tl~connt d'rirtois had passed the ford with dl his
peoplc, and saw the Salwxns Bying, they stack spurs inlo
their horses and plloped after tl~crn; for which those who
formed the van were much angered aL the count d'Artois,
who could not 111n1ie any answer, on account of Sir Foucquault
du Mslle, who I1(-,1(1 tho bridle of his I~orsc ; and Sir Poucqnault,
being dcnF, heard nothing the Ten~plars were saying
to the couut dlArtois, but kept bawling oat " Forwnrd,
forward !"
When thc Telnplars perceived this, they tl~ougllt thy
sllould be dishonoured if they allowed the count d'Artois
thus to take the lend, and with one accord they spurred tl~cir
horses to their fastest sped, pursuing the Snrawns through
the town of M~SLSROUI"J? as far the plirins before Babylon ; I)nt
on their return the Turks shot at them plenty of arrows,
and otlm artillery, as they rcpuserl through the narrow
strects of the town. The count d'ilrtois and tlle lord de
Cot~cy, of the name of Rwnl, were Lhere slain, and ns many
as 300 other* knight.^. The Te~nphrs lost, as their chief
informed me, full fourteen score mcn-at-arms and horses.
My knights, 3s well as myself, noticing on our left n, large
body of Turks who were nrming instantly charged them; and
when we were advanced into the midst of them, I perceived a
study Saracen mounting his horse, which was lleltl by onc
of his esquires hy the bridle, and wide he wns putting his
* The Oriental Chronicle snys, that the French lost in this defeat, beside
the brother of the king, fourteen hundred knights.

his nrnls, nil2 on each tay$ WCLSa small flag witll hiS n,.IIIS
likewise, of' bcnLcn gold. 1.t wns n sigllt wortl~y LO 1 ) \ricwcJ ~
whcli 11c wc~lt to SC:s, on ~ccotult of the noise mllicLL tllci;e flns~s
n-
II~IIC,zs ti$ th sol~nlls of t11~ (~YUITIS,'"IO~~IS, RnCL S5r3Cell
namircri, n.i~ic:ll Ilc 11nd in his g:~l.lcy.
r ,
1tia 11l011lCllt his v~!s.'c~ ~L'OIIIII~I 011 the mnd, a1111 m nc3.r
m d ~eco11l11he brought 1.0 the 1:1-1111, IIC hilnself, his I;llig\lts,
: d men-at-nsrns clisc111b:~rl;ed, well nmmcd nt :dl poillts, alld
1nstctl tl~c~~r::clves by our sillc. '.I'l~e cvunt dc Jiyd~c i~tstnntl~
old~:recl Iii:j pavilions to be pitchcd, which when the SXIX~,:I~R
silaiv was alm~tLo Ic done, tl~cyn.ipi11 returne.1, sprrjng
tl~cir I~civsc.j ng:iiunt us ; but 6utli11~~ wc:were not any way intinliclntoll,
n d that we were firnily waiting for thelu, tlicy
turrlcd LI~cir bnclis and gnllol)ed nw:ly.
011olir right, thc gdicy I,enri~~q the shutlsrd of St. Dcnis
nrrivctl witlh~ n crossl~~~-~l~ot or us; ad it Irnppcllctl, that
:IS sl~cwas tonclling tl~cgn~uud,a, Snrgmn rode :sni~lstti~c
wew full spcccl. I know not why 11e did so, wl>etller I.ie
could not stop liis horse, or cspectctl support fro~n his countxymen,
but the poor creat.ure was wry suoti ~Icstroy~~l and
cut to piuccs.
Wllcu the good lrin,g St. Loois lcwnt tlr:lt tilo ~Lnn~lnrcl of
St. Denk was landed, he quitted his vcswl, wliiuli nrm
drendy close to the sliorc, without waiting uutil 11e codd
* The Sarncenic liorn is mentioned in the estlact I have made from
the roll in the Cllnrnbels of Acsolints of Paris. Tbe inanuscript cl~ronicle
of Bertrand du Gues1:liu mentiois it liltewire :­
" Trompes ct cl~nlcmellcs r!t corn Swnainois."
I hnve already spoken of iiecaires: it remnins only thnt 1 say n few
words respecting drums, the use of which we llnve also borrowed from the
Smn~w~s. The lord cle Joinville shews us, that in his time they were
called tllbou~s, wl~icli is co~~fir~ned by the romance of Garin :­
" Lrs rithnurv sonnent pot lc5 chevaux h.sdir.''
And by William Guiurt in the yeur 1202 :-­
" Ne inelln Lrompes ne tnbours."
Jacques Ivlillct, in lii~Destruction of Troy :­
" Fnites ces troinpertes sonnor,
Tabours, rnent-striers, et chrons."
Snnuto, 1. 2, part 4, ell. 21, W P ~the word tnmlurlrnm. The Spuniards
cdl them allnmbo,:~. Bonave~~twn Pistofilo, i. pnrt. delln OplomuclL;u,
supposes these words to halve been lonned rrom the Gre~Ic snpfioc,
tbese instrumants Ilnving. bpen inventd to astonish nnd st,riite disn~py.; but
it is certain that the word, as well ns the use OF druras, has o;-lg~iiated
wit11 the Saracens and Arubians.

A.D. 1249.1 DANGEROUS POSITION OF Tnl? ROYAL ARHY. 100
plnced on the exnct spot where the ohm llnd been burut.
'I'l~is Ile did to recover tlle honour of Ibis snit1 brotl~er, un11t.r
wl~osc gnard the taw otl~ers l~acl bcct~ dr!st.royctl. As
tllc king I~nd ortlcred, so it W:L~doue; wl~ich tl~e S:~,raccua
rlhrving, they brought tl~itl~er all their nl.zcl~incs, :LIIT~,
collpling llm~tngetl~t'r, sllot nt our new cl~:m-chnteilu vigorously.
When thc,y perceived that our Illcn wcre afrnitl ot
ping from one c:~sLle to t119 otl~er, for f'c:rr of the sl~owcrv of
atones whiul~ thy weye casting, hey a.dvnnced the pel.ricrc
. ~lircctly olrposite to them, and agein burnt tl~c:rn with their
Grcel; fircs. I :~nd my knights returned tlmnla t,o Got1 for
this scco1111 csenpc. flnd tlwy waited nnlil 11igltt to n::~l;o
the nttxlc, wlrcn the gnnrd would have devolved to us, we
must all 11n.ve been hur~it wit11 them.
r 3
l l~e l~illg, seeing this, was, as wcll ns his nrniy, much
t~.oul)ltd,aid he callcd his barons to council, to consider v-hat
shodd be done ; for they now percci\wl t.l~en~selvc.q tllnt it
would lm i~npossiLle to throw n causeway over tlie river to
cross to tl~c ',[l~~~'li:i nn~l Sarncens, 2s tour. 11eople coultl noL
in;~l;c suel~ ntlvnncc on their side, but they nrurc Inorc spccdily
r~~ined Ly the Tt~rlis on tho otl~er.
Sir 13umlcrh cle Benujeu, constable of France, tl~cn adclrcssecl
the Icing, and si~id, that n Brtlouin lmtl lntrly cotno
f.o hini to my, tl~r~.t if we would qive II~III500 goldcr~ bem~ts,
110 would Aew n safe ford, wl~icl~ ~uigl~t e:isily I)e crossed on
nrsclc. 'I'lle,liirlg rel~lied, that he ulout cheerfully gmntccl
this, provitlctl 11e spoltc the trnth ; b ~ the ~ tman
wo11lt1 on no
nccounl shew the Surd bcfore the money tlema~~detl was pnitl.
It wns tlete~.r~lineJby the Iiin6, thnt tl~c tlnke of Cnrpndy,
and tl~e nobles bcyontl ee:L h~s allies, slronlcl gunrd the
sr111y from the nlarnms of the S:~lweiis ; wl~ilst he, with his
I111.ccI)rotllers, the counts of Poihs, Artois, and An,jon, who
wns sfterwnd king of Sicily, ns I hnvc s;~id before, 111o11ld
wirh their attendnnls on horst:bn.cl; rnnlce trid of the ford
the Bedouin was to shew tl~crn. The day appointed for tl&
purpose was Slirove-Tuestli~y, n,hich, when arrived, we all
n~olrntcd our I~orscs, nncl, armed at all points, followed the
Ectlouin to the for~l.
On our wny tl~itller, some advanced too nexr the hanli~ of
the rivc~., wl~ich being soft and slippcry, thy arltl tllcir

* Proiss:wt, vol. i. cl~. 12, and the Chronicle of Plnnclers, pp. 55, 99,
kc., ~wntion tl~is us~ge.
-f 'I'he Oriental Clrronicle says, that the ssltnn of Bahylon was not
dwc;rsed wl1c11 St. Louis took Dnulietta, but that he died the day the king
let it to enciunll before blnssouril, whil:li was the 25111 of Novenlher.
According to the lord de Joinville, the Souldc was a row of trsdesnren's
sl~ol~r; l~nt,it is an error, n~~tl la Soc//rls inus1 be cllimged to
kr flde, us it is printed ill the edition of Dordeaus. In tlrr treaty
conch~cle~l hp the patriardi Guermond, and the burons of Jerus;~lem,
with Ihminico Miclric!, tlogc oi Veuicc, rel~itive to Llie undartsking
tl~c sitye of the city of Tyrr. in +he p r 1123, as rcporterl by Willimn,
archbishop of Tyre, in his History, l. 13, ch. 2;~:-" lpsc res
I-licrus,~lem et nos onlnes duci Venetorom de fiinda Tyri rr prte rc;.is
fmto apostolorom Petri et Puuli trewltos in uniqnoclue mno I3yznntios
Siirucrnatos ex clehiti conditio~~e persolverc dsben~us." Now tlw wolds
funrln Tyri mean notl~ing elsc than the revenue aKorded by commerce,

We immediately 1l:~stcned thither, nnd good need was
there ; for ss the knigl~t 11:1d mid, so it was. we extillgninllerl
the fire with ~ni~ch labour nntl difKc11lt~;for tllo
Sarnccus, itr the mean tilnc, licl~t up so brisk n shoutlng frol:l
tlle opposite Gank, that we were covered wit11 arrows ellcl
bolts.
The count of Anjon, brother to the king, guarded these
castles during tlre day, and annoyed the Salncen arlny
his cross-bows. It was ordered by the king, Ll~itt after the
count of Anjou should 11are finished his daily guarcl, we, and
others of my company, shoultl continue it (luring the ni+t.
We suffered n~ucli pain 2nd une:~sincss ; for tl~u Turks l~xrl
already broken and clamaged our tandies and defences.
Once tllesc Turl

der l~ntl bccn tlepositml, wllich they bllrnt, for fear we Ini,q]lt
make :lny s~lvantngc uf tholll. It would bc llle saljje tllil1,; if
fire WCIX sct to the Petit I'ont of Paris, which God prcbcyve
fro~n auci~ nn nccident !
Now let us ask oursclvcs, what grace did not God tile
Cre:~tor shew us in prewrving us from (lent11 and cla.nScr or1
our I:wding, and n4cn wc joyfully adsanced to our cnc~llies
who were on I~orseback ? W11atotl~cr3re:iter g~xcc did not
ol~rgoid Lord shew us in ~lclivcriug up 1)amieth without any
risk of our lives, and which we ucver coulil have ynined Sut
I)y st:~rving the jiirrison ? Tl~cse gaccs, we III:I~say, wcre
wontlro~ls great, and apparent to cvery one.
King John Iiad inrleed tden it by famine in the times of
our ancestors : but I tloitbt if the good Lord God may not
say :ls much of us as he dirl of the cl~ilclren of X.:rsel, when
11c l ~nd conducted and Icd tl~cul iuto the land of promise;
for wliidl he reproacl~cd tl~c~n, saying, "B&p-o nihilo Bcc-
Lucrunt hrranz desitlcvnbihn, et qua sequuntur." I-lc mid
this, Lecsuse they hat1 forgotten Iii~n, who llad showerc~l
down on them so n~ucli good. Hc had saved t11en1, :xnd
ho~gLthem out of tile ci~~tivity of PII:LKLOII, and given them
the lnncl of promkc. Thus rnny he say of us, who forgot
him, as shall hereafter be told.
I sl~ell begin with the person of the Iring 11imsc-:If, wlm
assembletl all the harons mil prclates that Ilad accompanied
him, and aslicil their advice what he should do with ll~e
riches he 11x1 found in Lfnn~ictta, and how he should divide
them ? A patriarch who wcls present"spcl~e first, nnd said,
and taken from the common purse of the merch;lnts, for,/irnrln signifies a
purse, in Mncrobins, 1. 2, Saturnal. c. 4 ; and in some Greek authors,
quoted by Mc~~rsius in his Glossury, v. gauvJa. This may be the cause
tht, ir~ so~nt: oF the towns of Germmy, the Low Countries, and in
En~lilnd, the public places for the meetings of rncrcl~ants haw retained the
nunc of Rnurie, or Purse, on account of its being thc common puve of
the companies ot' mercllants.
4: It was the l~atriwch of Jerusillem, of whom mention is mndc ]\ereafter,
and wlm, according to the account of the lurd rle Joinville, was
eighty years old ut the time of this expedition. His name was Guy, and ,
a native of La Pnglia. Popc Gregory 1X. promotad him to the bisiiopric
of Nantes in Brittnny after tlie death of the patriarch Girold.
Albericus in the yeur 1236. The epistle of Pope Gregory, meniioning
his promotion to this dignity, may be found in tlie Annals of Odoricus
Kaynaldus, anno 1240, n. 47.

4 .
I 9 . 1 GREEK PIRE -4ND ITS TERROnS.
407
dl IcmL wit.hout remedy ; for sl~ould they set firc to our C~IWcllateils
we must be bnimt ; and if we quit our post we are
for ever dishonouretl ; frm which I conclude, that no one
can possibly save us from this peril but God, our Lcnignant
Creator ; I therefore :dvise all of yon, whenever they throw
any of this Greck fire, to cast yourselves on your hands and
knees, and cry for mercy to our Lord, in whom alone resides
a all power."
'? As soon, therefore, ns tlle Turks threw their fires, we flung
o~~rselves on our hands ancl Ikneeq 2s the wive man 11nd advised
; ancl this time they fcll between our two c9.t.s into z
hole in front, wbich our people bad made to extingnish tlrem;
and they were instantly put out by a man appointed for that.
purpose. This Greek fire, in appearance, was like n Ia~ge
tnn, nud its tail was of the length of a long spear ; the nolse
wl~icll it made was like to tbuncler; and it see~l~ed a grear,
c-lr;igon of fire flying tllrongli tl~e air, giving so great a light
with its flame, that we saw in our camp as clearly as in broad
d:~y. Thrice this night did tlrey tllrow the fire from In perziere,
and four times from cross-bows.
Each time that our good king St. Louis heard tlrern mdie
thcse discllnrges of fire, he cat hi~nself on the ground, and
with estcudcd arms and eyes turned to the Iioiivens, cried
with a lord voice to our Lord, and shedding heavy tears, said,
"Good TJod God Jesus Christ, prescrvc thon me, and all my
pcop!e;" and believe me, his sincere prayers were of great
servicc to us. At every time the fire fell near us, lie sent
me of his 1;niglits to know how we were, and if the fire had
11urt 11s. One of the discl~arges from the TurLs fell beside a
. c11:~-cl~ateil, gtrarded by the men of the Lord Co~lrienny,
struck the Lank of the river in front, and nn on the ground
toward them burning witlr flame. One of the knights of
illis guard instantly came to me, crying out,--" 13elp us, my
lord, or we are burnt; for there is s long train of Greek fire,
rvliicl~ the Ssrace~~s have discharged, that is running straight
for our castle."
could be extinguished, namely, vinegar and snnd. Jacques dc Vitry,
1. 3, ch. 9-1, sdda urine ns an extinguisher; and Cinnnmus, in the place
bcf'we quotecl, says that ships were frequently covered with cloths dipped
iu vinegar, to prevent the bad effects of this fire.

'
'
-"Pi ro, it SCCIIIS right t,o In(:, ti~i~t you sl~ould reserve tho
\\rl~l~:~t, bt~rley, rice, sl~d all otl~cr provisions, in ordcr tl~nt the
city nlxy not sull'ir farnine; ant1 tilot yon slroultl urtlcl: pro-
(:l:mat,ic~n to be n~ule tl~~~o~~gl~out tlic arlny, h t nll other
gnw IJ mtl fwni turo d~ould bc carric~l XIItl tlcpositctl in tho
~ ~ ~ Iof I S Cthe
lcgxtc, under pain of esnon~~riunic:~tion." Tbis
atlvice was ncceded to by tl~e barous and nil present, and put
ii~csccution.
q'hc furniture tl~nt was cnrrictl to the lr;at,c's Lonse was
~ ~ I I I I I on ~ , valuation, not wort11 Illore t11nr1 ,six tl~onsnntl
livres. 7Vl1cn a11 I~ad bcen brought tl~i~l~cr, the king ancl
the barons sent to scck lor tl~c good and discrcet man, Sir
John de Valeri. Ou his nrri\d, the king told Iiim wlint
I I : ~becn clonc, and tl~ilt llis cot~ncil li:d ~i~lviserl that tho
loqnto sl1oulc1 give him tLe six tlmusn~lcl livrcs nt wl~ich the
goo& I d been valncd, which hc wnultl mrry to his house,
in trrdcr thnt 11e l~ljgllt dispose of tllen~ in thc manner
Ilc sl~oultl sce right, and mlicre he should tllinl; them bcst
elnployecl.
:c sire," relJietl Sir John, "I most bnnihly tl~anlc you for
the l~onour you do mc ; but, udcr your pod ple.wure, I will
not ncccpt your proposal : nevcr, plcmc (hl, will I alter
good ant1 sncicnt cmtorns, and such xs our !~rorlcccssors have
followed in the Holy Land; for, wl~enevcr my city, or otlm
consitlcrnble booty, w u gai~in~l fro111 tl~c cricnly, the king
ncvor rcceived but one-third of all tl~e richas or goods thnt
were fou11c.1 ill tl~e city, and t,lle pil!:ri~t~x l~nd two parts. This
was he cnslonl followed by 1ii11g ,301111, wheu i'mierly he
took I!:tl~licth: ~.IIC[ thus, xs I linve 11e:trtl rny elders say,
die.! tl~e Iki11.g of Jerusnlot~~ act. beforc King Jol~n's tirne, withoul
hiling in any orle point. Now, co~lsitlcr if you be
.willing to give rnc two parts of the grain :~nd other provisions
wllidt YOU II:LVC ret.~ined, an~l lnost c.l~ei*rfully will 1clivitle
i~nd 11istt~il)ute tl~cni a111011g tl~c piIgrinis,i~~ 11ononr of God."
Tlic Iti~~g did not agree to this atlvicc, nlld n~atters rer~~ni~~ccl
as before, which made many tlisoo~n tent,ed with tlic
kill:, l~,cc:a~~se l~t! I~nd broltcn thro11g11 good mcient cuuto~t~s.
Tho lii~lks oficcrs, when thy ~wci~eat tl~cir cme, and
con~fortnldy lodgccl in tl~c city of D:unicttn, instead of well
treating n.nd entert:~ini~~g the ~nercl~ar~ts, a.nd those who followccl
tl~c army with provisions, hired out to t1)eul stalls and

ever witnessed. When my companion, the good Sir walkel.,
MW this sliower of fire, be cried out, '' Gentlelnen,we al.e
Greelts hy Cnllinicus the architect, a ntltive of Heliopolis, a town in
Svria, under Constantinus Bnrbatus ; and likewise because the G~~~.~
&re for r\ long time the only people \vllo preserved tl~cuse of it, whiclr
they very rarely colnmuniwted to any of their allies. Anna Comncne
snys, thnt this tire wns mule with pitch and othergunls from trees, mixed
with solphur, and the whole ground together. Abhon, in the filTt book
of tho Wacs of Paris. has given the composition of it in these verses :
"Addit eis oleurn, ceromquc, yiceoque ministrans,
Nixtu silnul liquefactn foco ferventin vnlde,
Quie Dullis cervice comas uruntque trahuntque."
The autllor of the History of Jerusalcni, p. 1167, makes oil a part of
the eo~nposition : at least. Ile names it, " oleum incendiwiurn, quod ipem
Gracum vocnnt." It mny perlrnps be naplitha, which Procopius, in the
fourth book of the War of the Goths, ch. 11, says, the Greelts call
Mqdt~n~ rXurov, and the iMcdcs anphlha, whicl~ Lnn~becius, in his observatiws
on Co~liuus, thinks shoultl be corrected to M ql;mg ~Xniov, oil of
Mecli:~, aid tlrat for this renson the snow Grerks bnvc given to this artificial
ti re the name of kl rjdtrov vuo, which is met with in Cinnamuu,
1). 308, and in Coclinus, p. 7 of the royn edition. There are others,
however, who initlgine napllthn was caller1 i\.l;)hn~rhatoa, or ~op,
becnuse Mrtlcn, nct:ording to Pliny (1. 2. ch. 109j, I~urnt her husbnnd
Jasou with this lire. Wl~oteverrimy be thought of this, Procopius,
in thc part cpottd, informs us, that in the composition of this nrtificial
fire, there was a nlixture of nuphtha wit11 sulphur and bitumen.
Vnnoccio Birinpccio, in the tenth book of his Pyrotechny, chap. I),
11ns du~cribetl nll the materials tl~at form prt of the nrliticinl firewovlru
which the Grccks n~nde use of to burn the vessels of their enemies. The
Greeks made use oT this fire when at sea, in two ways ; first by fire-shills
filled with this fire, that were floa+ecl ulnon:. the eneinies' fleet, and thus
set them on tire. Fire-ships werc used belbre the the of the emprror
Constantinus Ditrbatus, for Tl~aupl~nnes informs ns, p. 100, that under
the empire of I.con le Grand, Gensrric, liing of Africa, burnt with
vessels that were tilled with dry wood and ot11er coulbnstibles, and which
he flouted down the stvenm, the whole of the Grecian tlcet. Secondly, by
nrtifirial fires on the prows of these placed in large tubes of
copl~er, through which they blew them into the enemy's ships. With
~.egnrd to the Ilse of the Greek tire in b~~ttles on bnd, it wus d~fferent,
for soliliers were then supplied with capper tubes, and blew it through
them on thcir enemies-See An~~il Comnena, in the 13th book of her
Alexiade. Sometimes lhey threw sharp bolts of iron, covered with
tow. wall oiled and pitched, with wliich they set fire to the engines.
Joinville speitks of this fire, "and they opened n very quick fire upon
us with balls made of the Greek tire.'' Sometimes this fire was put into
phials and pots, and it was also disclwged from perrieres nnd crossbows.
Albert d'Aix. 1. 7, ch. 5, renwks, that "llujus ignis genus
aqua ernt inesriuguibile;" but tlwre were other materials by which it

\vorkriicr~ :~.t as thr a rate ns tlrcy possibly caul,[. rrllis
co11(111ct w:I,~.:IIICLI[:tbl'~ni~lto (listant c o ~ ~ ~ ; nll,l ~ t rtllosc i ~ ~
wllo wu\~l(l ll:~\.i: supplied Ihc :wny with p~.ovi~io~~ &Inyct]
cloinc sa, wl~icl~ w:~s:L grcxt evil and loss.
,\
I. 110 L):~rons, kniglrt,~, mtl otlrers, who ougllt to IltL\re
,ztt,entlc~l to tlrcir IIIOIICY COIICC~IIS; a11l.l to 1l:~rc prnc;tiscll
ctcorrol~~y, :LY n ~.c.sourcc in tin~cs of uecd, bcgan to give sur~llrtuolls
l~:~nq~tcts in rivalship to e;tch other, with tllc ut1111,~t
nl~nlldauc;o of tlrc ~llost delicious meats. Tile cor~rlnorrnIty
lilxwis~! gavc tl~c~nsclvcu up to clelxtuclmy, 2nd viu1:rtccl Loth
wurncl~ ant1 girls. Circat were the evils in CCJWX;~L~CIICC; for
it hccmue neccssxry for the king to mink at t h grc:~tcst
liberties of liis ottic~crs 2nd mou. Tlle good king eycn told
nit?, tlut at n stouc's throw round 11is own pnvilion wcre
awcl:il brutl~cls;~ lqt by his perso~lal attenclmts. Other
rliwilcrs werc going FvrwarJ, and to a grc:~ter extent tl~an
any person 11311 I~itherto sccn.
1:ut let us rcturn to our pri~tcipnl object. After nrc l~nd
~cnnine~l so~ne titile in this city of Dnmietla, the sultan lnicl
siibgc to it on the l:mJ side, with a uunlerous nrnry. Tl~e
Iciug and his men-:~t-:~rtns mere soon properly drawn out.
lu orclur to prevent tl~e Turl;rj from hiring possession of the
c:mip we 1l:~d 011 the plnilr, I wrut to tlre king fully r~r~ned,
wlron~I fuuntl in the snmu st:~te of pr~psmtion, ns well as dl
his knights seated. around hin~ on bcncl~es,~~ autl most hurnbly
requested thnt 111: rvoulcl pern~it nlo arul my people to nrnke a
course :~.g:~il~st the Snmceus. Eut tlrc n~on~cnt Sir John tle
&llr~ont t~cnrd me, hc critd out wit11 a loud voice, commnnding
mc, in the king's name, uot to &:%re to quit my quarters
until I slro~~ltl be 80 ortlereJ by the Icing.
Yo~r must know tlrnt therc were with tlre Iii~~g ciglrt good
a11t1 valiaut knights, WIN, hat1 several tinies won tJic prize of
* '1'11~ word 6ode2, which signifies a ylnce of infamy, trot?~el,takes
its origir~ from loose women and snchlilte characters inhabiting small
houses, which in the old French language were called dwlels, li.orn the
ditninutivt. of bo~~le, a Irouee, and is probably borrowed from 6ortl of the
English Sirsons, with whom tl~is word has the same meaning. See likewise
Slrt.ln~iln's Glos~ary. From the word 6orrlc comes bordcl, to marl( a
small I~ouse. 7'11sre ore some who conceive that thc word Am-1, which
the Gascnw Yorrncrly used to signify bstnrd, took its rise from the
term boldel, as born " incerto piltre," and in places of puolic resort.
1. That is to say, mounted on their war-horses.

i~::dof tlle MTrois nnd macl~incu. Tllo liiy, sntl tile count
d'A njou, who was afterw:ntls king of Sicily, took on tl~em
t.l~e glinnl of the army, [JII the side of IJ:~l,yltrl~; :l11i1 the count
tle l'oiticrs, with mc, sc~rc.whnl of C!~I:IIII~);I~IIC, 11:d LIIC guaril
on the side tow:wrls D;u~rietta.
hrol loi~c: nfter tl~ie, the allicf of tl~c Turks, bcfnre ~mmetl,
.:rwstd with his nrniy into the isl:~~:tI tlnt lies betwcen the
1Lcsi :~nd Dnn~iett:~ brnncl~es, wlwe our :w~ywas CIIC:I~I~C~,
:~-r~tl f'crrnied :I, linc of b:~ltlc, cstmtling fro~~r one I):uili of t l ~
E.~VCI.to Llie o~llet. TIre count cl'A:i,io~~, wl~uwas on the sjrot,
attaclic~l L~IC I'uY~~s, and tleScntc!d tlrc~u so co~~~l~lolt:l,y tl;:~t
t!wy totrk to flight, :~nd ~~rlnhers were drow11e11 ill c;~cl~ nS
i.111- brnnches of the Nile.
A. I : L I ~ body, ~ howevel; 1;cl)L tl~eir grn~~rrtl, wl~o~u we dnlwl
r!ot :~ttri.ck,on account of Llieir norllcruus ~n::.c~l:ines, by which
tl~cy did rrs gr.e:~t illjury with t!~e ~livcrs tl~ings cc::st from
%1re111. Diiring the :~tt:tc:l; on tl~c '4'1i1kq 1. tllc ctr~~nt tl' A~ijou,
'
t.11~ count Guy de Fcrruis, who wns in l~is C~I~IP:III~, galloped
tl1:.~):1~11 tl~t: Tur:I

m~m,as well nn this sirlc of the sen, sn on the other, m l
tlwy wcrc uwnlly cnllcd tlre gootl I

is on the Rexi blXnch, th:~t from tha: pwter they rnigll+, fall
on us. On CII~rietn~as d:~y,whilst I and all Iny peolJlc were
dinner wit11 nly conipnnion Pierre d'Bvdo11, the , s ~
entered our C:IIII~, and slew nuny of our poor SOI&~~~ wllo llatl
st,rnyetl into tlr~ fi cld*.
We instmtl.l,y ir~ountd our horscs to a.thdc them ; and
~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~
tilned was it for IIIY 101~1I'crron, ow host, wllo hM1 quitted
the cmp on the first :d:~rl~l; for I~efurc we conlcl overhl

~3111~ ; 'IPIIP~CC nllcient writers hnvc included thcm among tlw riclicst
furniture. 111 the last will of Jme, queen of Fnnc:c: and Suvarw, in the
p~:r 1304, sllerh, corzrlidh, and counterpi1nos arc n:rrncd amolrq he
I~~,.!~iture of value ; Iht our. old writers pnrcicul:~rl,y speak of tlluxc rich
covcrlids of exquisite skills vrl.en UII the whjcct uf the ceremorriee u d io
tinies OF pence on the cl.cotio11 of knigl~ts; fur nfter they hnd hwn
bntlicd, thy were Inid in a rich state bed under thc iinest coverlids, nod
were there visiteJ by tlwir hiand$. Tile outl~ur of the '' Ordena tle
Clrevalerie," after telling us how Seldin wns p11L into the Inth by I :u2s
Tnbnrie, Idore Ire gave him tl~c ortl::~. of knigl~tliond, adds, " tht he
led lrim to his new bcd, and Ili~viy ILLMI 11ini I;l~i'rcin. said to Iiinl, ' Sire.
this bed give* you . . . . to the ;:rv:~t city or Po~~rlisc, wl~ich yuu must
conquer by yoar cl1iwlry ;' :ud when he h;d reposed Ili~~~self, he
made him rise, and clotl~ed h n wit11 a white robe of tine linen or silk."
Tire sanle cc~vinc~nics ilw ol~s~!~w.d in creatin; liniglrts of the Unth.
accordinv to the custo~ns of EII&I~, rvlaied hy Edwnrtl U k , ill Ills
notes on h'icholas Uptun, page 21. " 'This done, tho squircs ~liwztora
take the noviciiltc out of the birth, md put him to bed, until lie be dry ;
and tl~is bed must be plain, a d \vitIiont curtaim."
X The Turks to this dng Inllnw the same cwtcrn, ns our count1,yrncn
witnessctl ~vlwn they si?rdiaul tiwir vul~n~r in the lust %us betxmn tlio
emperor of Gcrmuny and ll~c Grrnd Signor. Sce Gaufrid. Mulntcrm,
1. 2, c11. 46.
In the Clr~uniclc of Bett~u~d du Gursclin :-
'-'i;ivoit we gait~ tout.? jour h journ~c,
Qui sonnoit on h:~r*in, qn;u~tlu pierre est lev&"
These vcrscs inform us, tllot IN: who :rcted ns sentinel on the ~~lc.llto~vitrs,
snrl ran,: the dill-in I~rll io cases of' danyr, was thence cnllrd
Uochii~atc~r, ill s r l w or tlie U~~~IIUIICCS of Iiing Edward, rclutive to rlie
ofice of senescl~id uf C;nscony.

leils." There were two towers in front of these leffiois, nnr! two
llorlscs in their rear, to reccive t.he things the S,zrncens tl~rcw
upon their nlacl~ines, of which they had sixteen that did
\wnllers. The king ortlere~l eightccn machines to be constructcd,
unclcr the direction of a mm nanietl Jor~srclin ~lc
Courvant, who TV:~ the inventor ancl undertaker ; :~nd wit11
tllcsr: engines did each army play on the other. The Iring's
hther was on gun,rtl over the cats in the dnytimc, a~dw-e
other knights gun~ded them at night.
These chns-cl~ntcils were finisl~cdthe week before Cl~rist,mas,
and then the canseway was set nbont in earnest; but ns
fmt as we advanced, t>lte Saracens destroyed it. They dug, on
their side of the rive,; wide and deep holes in tile earth, aucl
as the water recoilecl from our couseway it fillcd tllcse holw
with mater, and tole away the bnnlrs ; so that what we h:d
been employed on for three .rreel;s or a month, they ruinecl in
one or two dngs; tl~ey also very much annoyed, by their
arrows, our people who were carrying materisk for the clam.
The Turks, after the death of heir snltmi, who died of the
disorder Ile was sciaerl with whcn before I-Iamndt, cl~ose for
their chief a Saracen nnnied Sncedun, 80ll of tl~cslieik,
whom the emperor Ferrait 1m.l made a knight.
Shortly after this, Sacedun sent part of l~is army to cross
near Di~mietth,and to a small town called Sourn~esnc, wlrich
frois : " The English had constructed two large towers, of great beams of
wood, three stories high ; each tower was placed on wheels. and covered
over with prepared Irather, to shelter those within from fire, and from
the arrows : in each story were 100 archers.'' William of Mdmcsbury,
in the fourth book of his History of England, calls this machine boj?oy.
This word lefroy (belfry) hns since been applied to the highest towers
of frontier towns, wherein a sentinel is placed to watch Tor their sccuuty,
nnd with a bell for bim to strike on to alarm the inhbitants and guurds at
the gates. This bell has afterwards been employed to mark the haul. for
the retreat of the inhahitants to their houses, and the garrisons to their
quarters, and other public uses.
* The cat was propwly a machine made in the form of a covered
gallery (whence Anna Comnenn, in her Alexiade, psge 383, qives it the
name of oroa), which was fastened to the walls to afford shelter to the
sappcrs. Ruvedicas, in the second book of the History of Fred~ric I. c.
63,descrihiog the siegcof Crema, snys tlrnt the inhubitants, to defend themselves
against those who scaled the walls, or who descended on tllcir wdls
from helrrois and towers of wood, made use of cats to enable them to
attack the enemy within their machines.
2 ~ 2

coiiqilcnce of this Irnowleclgc, c~~tcrcd tl~a csrnp as soon ns
tllc gwnL I d m:dc its rouncl, nncl comn~it~cll rmny disorders
nnrl ir~urllcrs.
r 3
1Ire lciilg, when he 11csrtl of this, gnve orders for those
.ivllo re wont to go the ~OIIIII~Jon l~r~~~scbncli IICIICCI'L~I'\V~~J
to (10 SO on foot; by this IIIC:LIIS the army was in sccirrity; for
wr so close1,y cncnnipcd that we toucl~ecl ench oillcr, and
t!rcrc wcre no voicl spnccs.
We rcrnninetl 3 Itmg time in and before Dnmicttn ; for the
fiiug 11:~d none in his council WIN) nclvise~l l h to ~ 1mr011
furtlic~~, iintil his brother, the conut tlc Poitil:rs, alloru the
stor~~is Ila~l driven, ns before mcntioi~d, to L\CI.L,was retl~rrml:
for lie 11nd wit11 Iiinn the nrriero Lnn 111 Prance. Fron~
f(w tllat tlic TLI~~~s rniglit forcc tile mnp witli thcir cavalry,
tllc 1,ilig onlcrc~l it lo be sorronr~tlecl witli rlccp ditclies ; m ~d
on I.llcir b:~111;s tltcrc wcre numcrous prties of ul~osA~\rs
m ~ c~tl~c:i.s, l who W:L~CIICCI (Iuriug t!1c ~ii~lrts.
. Tl~c . fc:rut of St. hnly l1ac1 ],:~i~ctI mitliont the nriny rec:o~v~~ig
nny news t'rr~~~l tl~e coullt rlc Poitiers or his men.
r 3
1Ilia :~I:~rn~cd tl~c I'i~ig g~wLl,y, (~1111 tl~c nrlny wc1.e in ~nccll
cli:,tws; for tlwy bcgnr~ to fcitr, ~.OIIL his not coining, hat Ite
urns cit.licr dead, or ill very giwt tl:i.rigcr. I: Ll~cri rc~ollcctctl
tlie w~rtl~y dcm of' 3T:u1ru, and tc>lcl tl~c Ic.:ntc how, by 1nc;Lns
of tlic tl~rcc proccssiuns wl~icll 11c 1i1:1(1c IIS l~el.folm nlreil at
sc:~, wc wcro dclivcrcd from the grc:~t p.il wc wcrc in, 3.5 I
II:L\.c nlrcncl,y rcl:~ted. Tlie 1rg:~tc Lcli:~vctl wll:lt I e:~icl,
~LII(I ur110red three J)~OCCPS~OIIS to LO prucI:~i~~ic~I ll~.~~~gl~u~~i
the
nriny, to bc put into 1xutii.c the tl~rcc followiiig P:rlurcl:~ys.
r 7
1he ti rst proccrsion Lcg:in zt thc IIOIIBC of tl~c Icgate, and
I~rnccc~lc~l to tl~e church of our La~lyin tl~e town of Ihniiett;~.
This cl~urcl~ l~acl bccn a Illusque of the l'url

402 JOINVILI~E'S MEMOIRS OP Sh1R.T LOUIS IX. [PT. 11.
wood. XTht ftklls into the river is brought dowll it, and
collected by nlercllcu~ts, who sell it to us by weigIlt.
I heard in the country of Babylon, that the s~1t.a~ ha.c[
frerjuently attempted to learn wllence this river came,
sending eespericnced pcrsons to follow the conrse of it. Tllcy
carried with them a bread c:zlled biscuit, for tllcy would nc;t
have found any 011 their route, and on their return reportetl,
that thcy had followed the course of the river until they came
to a large mountain of perpendiculm rocks, which it was ill,possiblc
to clirnb, and over tllese rocks fell the river. It
seenletl to them, that on the top of this mountain were many
trees; and they said they had seen there many strange wlld
beasts, such as lions, serpents, elcpbents, and other sorts,
which came to gaze at them as they ascended the river. These
travellers, not daring to advance furthcr, returned to the
sultan.
Now, to pursne my subject, this river, on entering Egypt,
spreads its branches over the plain : one of them flows to
Damietta, anotller to Alexandria, another to Tunis, and
another to Reui. To this bmnch which runs by Reri, the
king of Prance marched with his whole army, and encarnpetl
between the Dsmietta branch and that of Reui." Wc found
the saltan encamped with his entire force on the oppouite
bank of the Iiexi branch, to prevent and oppose our pass:up
It was easy for lliin to do this, for uone of us could 1m.w
crossed unless we had stripped ourselves naked, as there wcrc
no other means to pass.
The king determined to linve a causeway made, to en:lblc
him to pass over to the Saracens ; a~ld to guard those employed
on it, he had built two beffrois,t called chas-chci-
* All the historians who relate this passage call the river Thin~is.
which is the name of one of the branches of the Nile that flows by a place
of the sarnc name, and is called at this day Tunes or Tenez. It mill
therefore be necessary to correct our author, and make it Tanis instead of
Tunis.
?,The beffroy was a warlike machine in the form of a tower, made of wood,
having dkfrerent stories, wliich was drawn near to the walls of a town, aid
tl~estories Rlled with a proper number of soldiers, who shot from their bows
and cross-bows over the widls, against the defenders of the place. Thw:
l~~acliines were usually moved on four wheels, and to prevent the Grdi
fire from hurting them, they were covered with boiled horse or bulloc!c
skins. Proissart, in his first volume, chap. 108, thus describes the be[-

efore n:u~~icttn., tlmB twelve score vessels, great ancl slll:rll,
werc w~wl;c(l :w(.l silllk, t~nd tl~cil* cl.ows cIrownctl. jjRtl
the count Jo Poilicrri nrrivcd at tint ti~nc, Irc woultl Ilnve
grmt risk of si~ttbri~~g a siruilar hte ; :~ndI Lelicye it wol,l(l
i;ave 1we11so, if (iotl II:L~ not ns:;ist;:(l I~iln.
Tllcro ~ : I H11mcl1joy ill t!~e WIIOIC iI.rlny on the arlivnl of
tl~c cc~~dlt c.lc Poiticis, tho I

,
A.1,. 12-13.] SLAIJGIITER OF THE SARACENS. 401
r 7
1 IIC marshal, seeing this, cried out to his men-at-:u~ns,-
" Now, compnnionu, ilttack them, in the name of God ! for I
cannot longer sufI'er tl~ns." Ile instantly stnclc spurs into l~is
I~orse, and charged the Saracens, followed by the wl~ole
army. Tl~ehorses of the Turks were worn down and tired,
wbile ours were fresh and hearty, which mused their misfortune
; for I have since heard that not oue escaped being slain
or drowned in the sea.
It is proper that I say something here of the river which
runs througl~ Egypt, &lid which comes from the terrestrial.
paradise; for such tllings should be lcnomn to tl~dse who
are desirous of understanding the sub,ject I nrn writiug on.
This river differs from all others, for the more broolis fall
into R large river, the more it is divided into s~nnll streamlets,
and sp~~cd over n country ; but this river has not snch
aids, ant1 seems always the smc. IVl~en arriwd in Qypt, it
spreads its waters over the conntry. Aboot the per~od of
St. Remy's thy, it expands it,sclF into seven branches, and
tl~enceRows over Ll~e ~llnins. Wlm the waters nre retirccl,
the labourers appear, and till thegronnd with ploughs willmut
wheels, and tlien sow wheat, l~nrley, ricte, and cu~nn~in, wl~ich
succeed so wcll that it is not possible to I~ave filler crops.
No one can say wlrence thiu annud increase of water comes,
except from God's mercy. Were it not to happen, Egypt
would produce nothing, from the very great beat of that country;
for it is near to the rising sun, and it scarcely ever nins
but at very long intervals.
This river is quite mudtly, from thc crowds of people of ~hnt
a11tl other countries wl~o, towsrtls evening, come thitl~erto
sedi water to clrinli. They put illto their vessels whii!ll hold
it four allnuncls or few beans, wllicl~ they si~al;e well, :~nd on
the morrow it is wondro~ls clcar md fit to drink. When this
river enters Egypt, there are expert persons, acctiston~ed to
the business, who may be cdled the fishern~en of this streant,
and who ill the evel~ings cast their nets into the water, and in
the morninp frequently find many spices ill them. which tO*y
sell into these countries dearly, and by weight; such w cinnnmon,
ginger, rbnbnrb, cloves, lignum-aloes, and other good
things. It is the report of the country, t11nL tlicy come from
the terrestrial pamdise, ar?d that the wind blows tl~crn down
from these fine trees, as it does in our forests tho old dry
2 LJ