The antioxidant vitamins C and E

23. Hazell, L.J., and Stocker, R. (1997) α-Tocopherol Does Not Inhibit Hypochlorite-Induced
Oxidation of Apolipoprotein B-100 of Low-Density Lipoprotein, FEBS Lett. 414,
541–544.
24. Meagher, E.A., and FitzGerald, G.A. (2000) Indices of Lipid Peroxidation In Vivo:
Strengths and Limitations, Free Radic. Biol. Med. 28, 1745–1750.
25. Davi, G., Alessandrini, P., Mezzetti, A., Minotti, G., Bucciarelli, T., Costantini, F.,
Cipollone, F., Bon, G.B., Ciabattoni, G., and Patrono, C. (1997) In Vivo Formation of 8-
Epi-Prostaglandin F 2α Is Increased in Hypercholesterolemia, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc.
Biol. 17, 3230–3235.
26. Davi, G., Ciabattoni, G., Consoli, A., Mezzetti, A., Falco, A., Santarone, S., Pennese, E.,
Vitacolonna, E., Bucciarelli, T., Costantini, F., Capani, F., and Patrono, C. (1999) In Vivo
Formation of 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F 2α and Platelet Activation in Diabetes Mellitus: Effects
of Improved Metabolic Control and Vitamin E Supplementation, Circulation 99,
224–229.
27. Morrow, J.D., Frei, B., Longmire, A.W., Gaziano, J.M., Lynch, S.M., Shyr, Y., Strauss,
W.E., Oates, J.A., and Roberts, L.J., 2nd. (1995) Increase in Circulating Products of Lipid
Peroxidation (F 2 -Isoprostanes) in Smokers. Smoking as a Cause of Oxidative Damage, N.
Engl. J. Med. 332, 1198–1203.
28. Gniwotta, C., Morrow, J.D., Roberts, L.J.I., and Kühn, H. (1997) Prostaglandin F 2 -Like
Compounds, F 2 -Isoprostanes, Are Present in Increased Amounts in Human Atherosclerotic
Lesions, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 17, 3236–3241.
29. Pratico, D., Tangirala, R.K., Radar, D., Rokach, J., and FitzGerald, G.A. (1998) Vitamin E
Suppresses Isoprostane Generation In Vivo and Reduces Atherosclerosis in ApoE-
Deficient Mice, Nat. Med. 4, 1189–1192.
30. Meagher, E.A., Barry, O.P., Lawson, J.A., Rokach, J., and FitzGerald, G. (2001) Effects
of Vitamin E on Lipid Peroxidation in Healthy Persons, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 285,
1178–1182.
31. Reilly, M., Delanty, N., Lawson, J.A., and FitzGerald, G.A. (1996) Modulation of Oxidant
Stress In Vivo in Chronic Cigarette Smokers, Circulation 94, 19–25.
32. Patrignani, P., Panara, M.R., Tacconelli, S., Seta, F., Bucciarelli, T., Ciabattoni, G.,
Alessandrini, P., Mezzetti, A., Santini, G., Sciulli, M.G., Cipollone, F., Davi, G., Gallina,
P., Bon, G.B., and Patrono, C. (2000) Effects of Vitamin E Supplementation on F 2 -
Isoprostane and Thromboxane Biosynthesis in Healthy Cigarette Smokers, Circulation
102, 539–545.
33. The α-Tocopherol, β-Carotene Cancer Prevention Group (1994) The Effect of Vitamin E
and Beta Carotene on the Incidence of Lung Cancer and Other Cancers in Male Smokers,
N. Engl. J. Med. 330, 1029–1035.
34. Rapola, J.M., Virtamo, J., Ripatti, S., Huttunen, J.K., Albanes, D., Taylor, P.R., and
Heinonen, O.P. (1997) Randomised Trial of α-Tocopherol and Beta-Carotene
Supplements on Incidence of Major Coronary Events in Men with Previous Myocardial
Infarction, Lancet 349, 1715–1720.
35. Virtamo, J., Rapola, J.M., Ripatti, S., Heinonen, O.P., Taylor, P.R., Albanes, D., and
Huttunen, J.K. (1998) Effect of Vitamin E and Beta Carotene on the Incidence of Primary
Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction and Fatal Coronary Heart Disease, Arch. Intern. Med. 158,
668–675.
36. Salonen, J.T., Nyyssonen, K., Salonen, R., Lakka, H.M., Kaikkonen, J., Porkkala-
Sarataho, E., Voutilainen, S., Lakka, T.A., Rissanen, T., Leskinen, L., Tuomainen, T.P.,
Copyright © 2002 AOCS Press