Amir Saad Thesis final revision 03x - IUPUI

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INVESTING AND CASTING 26 Wax patterns were sprued and then invested in NovoCast (Whip Mix Corp., Louisville, KY) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All coping castings were made using the same alloy used for group CP post and cores. COPING CEMENTATION The copings for group FR were cemented with Panavia 21 (Kuraray America, Inc., New York, NY) after tin plating the intaglio of all copings using MicroTin (Danville Materials, San Ramon, CA) for 2 sec to 6 sec (according to the manufacturer’s instructions) and silanating the composite resin cores using Clearfil Ceramic Primer (Kuraray America, Inc. New York, NY) according to the manufacturer’s instructions after activating the surface with K-Etchant gel (Kuraray America, Inc. New York, NY) for 5 seconds. The other two groups (CP and MR) were cemented using zinc phosphate (Mizzy Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ) without tin plating the copings. All cementation procedures were kept under a constant 1 kg load after complete seating until complete cement setting occurred. SPECIMEN PREPARATION FOR TESTING Each root was coated with a thin-layer of Examix NDS injection-light body (GC America Inc., Alsip, IL) to simulate the PDL. 168 The teeth were attached to a surveyor (Dentsply Ceramco, York, PA) to align the long axis, and then invested in autopolymerizing resin (Orthodontic Resin, Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE) at a level of 2 mm to 3 mm below the margin of the preparation to simulate the biologic width. All teeth were stored in 100-percent relative humidity (RH) at 37ºC for 24 hours before being tested.
LOAD TO FAILURE 27 For each group, 10 specimens were loaded 6 mm coronal to the crown margins with a continuous compressive force at a 45-º angle 72, 93 to the long axis of the tooth and a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min 93 until failure using a MTS Sintech Renew Universal Testing machine (Eden Prairie, MN) with TestWorks software. After testing, all specimens were examined to record the location and nature of failure. FATIGUE LOADING For each group, the other 10 specimens were placed into a jig and screwed to the stationary member of a testing machine. The specimens were then loaded at 135 º 169-171 to the long axis of the tooth by means of pulling from the reverse side through a ring intermittently with a 120 N force at a frequency of 2 cycles per second 81, 93 for 100,000 171-174 cycles, using an MTS Bionix 858 Test System machine (Eden Prairie, MN). One hundred thousand cycles is equivalent to 144 days with a correlation coefficient between the in vitro and the in vivo depths of 0.94. 175, 176 Although reported incisive force values vary, this force is 80 percent of maximum average biting force as reported by Garner and Kotwal. 177 MARGINAL GAP MEASUREMENT Marginal gaps between the cast crown and the tooth margin were measured mid-facial and mid-lingual on all cyclic loaded teeth. After all crowns were cemented, marginal gap measurements were recorded just before and after cyclic loading for those teeth that did not fail by cutting grooves on the teeth mid-facially and lingually for measurement repeatability (Figure 10). The marginal gap was measured in microns using a Quadrachek II (Mentronics, Bedford, NH) connected to a Nikon Measurescope UM-2 (Nikon, Melville, NY) with optical magnification of X10 (ocular
Page 1 and 2: EVALUATION OF FRACTURE RESISTANCE O
Page 3 and 4: iii DEDICATION
Page 5 and 6: v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Page 7 and 8: vii Prosthodontics department lab,
Page 9 and 10: Introduction…………………
Page 11 and 12: TABLE I TABLE II TABLE III TABLE IV
Page 13 and 14: 1 INTRODUCTION
Page 15 and 16: 3 Fiber posts with a more natural c
Page 17 and 18: HISTORY 5 Root canal treatment date
Page 19 and 20: 7 Although vital dentin is 3.5-perc
Page 21 and 22: ROOT LENGTH 9 Root length plays a s
Page 23 and 24: POSTS 11 The main purpose of a post
Page 25 and 26: 13 philosophies in treating nonvita
Page 27 and 28: evaluated various prefabricated pos
Page 29 and 30: 17 posts 151-153 such as ceramic po
Page 31 and 32: 19 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Page 33 and 34: 21 axis of each tooth at a speed of
Page 35 and 36: will be 21.5 mm. Posts and cores we
Page 37: expansion. 165, 166 The lingual thi
Page 41 and 42: 29 RESULTS
Page 43 and 44: MOMENT OF INERTIA AT FRACTURE SITE
Page 45 and 46: 33 µm) minimum facial marginal gap
Page 47 and 48: 35 FATIGUE LOADING - FACIAL AND LIN
Page 49 and 50: 37 TABLES AND FIGURES
Page 51 and 52: 39 TABLE II Type of post systems, n
Page 53 and 54: 41 TABLE IV Moment of inertia (mm 4
Page 55 and 56: 43 TABLE VI Lingual marginal gap (
Page 57 and 58: 9.5 mm 2 mm 9 mm 5 mm 1 mm FIGURE 1
Page 63 and 64: Direction of force 51 45° Cross he
Page 65 and 66: 53 Marginal gap opening FIGURE 9. F
Page 67 and 68: 55 FIGURE 11. Template for teeth re
Page 69 and 70: 57 FIGURE 13. MTS Bionix 858 Test S
Page 71 and 72: 59 FIGURE 15. MTS Bionix 858 Test S
Page 73 and 74: 61 FIGURE 17. Specimen #29 demonstr
Page 75 and 76: 63 FIGURE 19. Load-to-failure sampl
Page 77 and 78: 65 DISCUSSION
Page 79 and 80: 67 post and cores yielded the best
Page 81 and 82: TITANIUM POSTS 69 All fractures obs
Page 83 and 84: 71 types of leakage seen were eithe
Page 85 and 86: core technique, because it demonstr
Page 87 and 88: 75 There was no significant differe
Page 89 and 90:
1. Ring, ME. Dentistry, an illustra
Page 91 and 92:
30. Jemt T, Chai J, Harnett J, et a
Page 93 and 94:
57. Chupein TF. Pennsylvania associ
Page 95 and 96:
83 87. Asmussen E, Peutzfeldt A, He
Page 97 and 98:
115. Camp LR, Todd MJ. The effect o
Page 99 and 100:
146. Pilo R, Cardash HS, Baharav H,
Page 101 and 102:
176. Lambrechts P, Vuylsteke, M, Va
Page 103 and 104:
91 APPENDIXES
Page 105 and 106:
93 APPENDIX II Group FR individual
Page 107 and 108:
95 APPENDIX IV Individual load-to-f
Page 109 and 110:
97 APPENDIX VI Group FR moment of i
Page 111 and 112:
99 ABSTRACT
Page 113 and 114:
101 All teeth were obturated and pr
Page 115 and 116:
CURRICULUM VITAE
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