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Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke / Proc. Nat. Sci, <strong>Matica</strong> Srpska Novi Sad, ¥ 117, 37—43, 2009 Funda Karbancioglu-Guler Dilek Heperkan Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey UDC 634.37:664.8]:615.918 DOI:10.2298/ZMSPN0917037K COMPARISON OF ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOASSAY AND HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR DETERMINATION OF FUMONISIN IN DRIED FIGS ABSTRACT: The occurrence of fumonisin in dried figs was investigated by Enzyme Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Total fumonisins (FB 1 ,FB 2 ,FB 3 ) in dried figs were determined using ELISA, whereas only fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) was determined by HPLC. In the period 2003—2004, one hundred and fifty five dried fig samples were taken during their drying in 7 different districts in the Aegean Region. Among a total of 115 samples, the incidence of total fumonisin in the dried figs was 82% within the range of 0.16 — 108.34 mg/g when determined by ELISA. In comparison, FB 1 was detected in 86 samples (74.8%) within the range between 0.046 and 3.649 mg/g by HPLC. Correlation between ELISA and HPLC methods was observed for all samples. However, no correlation between methods was recorded for the samples with less than 1 mg/g Fumonisin B 1 level (obtained by HPLC). Although there was a correlation between methods for all the samples, fumonisin levels obtained by ELISA were much higher than those obtained by HPLC. False positive results were obtained by ELISA in 11 out of 115 dried fig samples. The results indicated that ELISA can be used as a screening method for determining the occurence of fumonisin in dried figs. KEYWORDS: dried figs, enzyme linked immunoassay, fumonisin, high performance liquid chromatography INTRODUCTION Fumonisins are group of toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticilloides and Fusarium proliferatum, fungi that commonly contaminate maize (J a c k s o n and J a b l o n s k i, 2004; S c a f f and S c u ssel, 2004). Among the fumonisin derivatives, FB 1 is the most common one and constitutes about 70—80% of the total fumonisin content of F. verticilloides 37
cultures and naturally contaminated foods. Fumonisin B 2 accounts for 15— 25% of the total fumonisin, while fumonisin B 3 accounts for 3—8% (R h e e - d e r et al., 2002). Fumonisins induce several diseases in animals, such as equine leukonencephalomalacia in horses, porcine pulmonary oedema. A relationship between consumption of fumonisin containing maize and incidence of esophageal cancer in humans in certain areas of the world has been determined (N e l s o n et al., 1992; C a s t e l l á et al., 1999; S c a f f and S c u ssel, 2004). According to the animal studies and epidemiological studies on humans, fumonisins have been classified as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) by IARC (IARC,1993). Fumonisins can be determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography (LC), mass spectroscopy (MS), gas chromatography, immunochemical methods and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), but they are mainly determined by liquid chromatographic techniques. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method is a useful tool for rapid detection of mycotoxins. Dried fig is one of the most widely produced fruits in the world. It is an important agricultural product following raisin and dried apricot among Turkish dried fruit exports. Turkey is the first among the dried fig exporting countries with approximately 52.600 tons of dried figs in 2005, which is equivalent to 52% of the world's dried fig exports (FAO, 2007). Dried figs are a high risk commodity in terms of mycotoxins. The occurrence of aflatoxins (I a m a - n a k a et al., 2007), ochratoxin A (K a r b a n c ì oglu-Güler and Hep e r k a n, 2008), as well as fumonisin B 1 (Karbancì oglu-Güler and H e p e r k a n, 2009) in dried figs were previously reported. The purpose of this study was to compare the detection of fumonisin with Enzyme Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods and to investigate the presence of fumonisin in dried figs. The fumonisin incidence and levels were determined in the Turkish dried figs, collected during the drying stage in seven different districts located in the Aegean Region in the period of two years. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples A total of 115 samples of dried figs were collected from the orchards in the Aegean Region during drying stage in 2003 and 2004 harvests. The samples were stored in polyethylene bags at –18°C until analysis. They were thawed and brought to room temperature before sample preparation. Approximately 250 g of each sample were minced with meat mincer, and then blended with 5 parts dried figs and 4 parts tap water (w/w). Representative sub- -samples (45 g) were used in the analysis. 38
Page 1: ISSN 0352-4906 | UDK 5/6(082) ZBORN
Page 4 and 5: ISSN 0352-4906 UDK 5/6 (05) MATICA
Page 6 and 7: Aleksandra S. Boåarov-Stanåiã, A
Page 8 and 9: SCIENTIFIC BOARD OF THE THIRD SCIEN
Page 10 and 11: Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne n
Page 12 and 13: phialide is a conidiation cell with
Page 14 and 15: lineages and specific mycotoxin pro
Page 16: Z e l l e r, K. et al. (2003): Gibb
Page 19 and 20: the results of risk assessment stud
Page 21 and 22: sed trichothecene responses (up to
Page 23 and 24: ing total fumonisins (i.e. sum of F
Page 25 and 26: ELISA Simple sample preparation, in
Page 27 and 28: N a s i r, M. S., J o l l e y, M. E
Page 32 and 33: apparent reduction in fumonisin con
Page 34 and 35: toxin on final BW and BW gain were
Page 36 and 37: Solar energy is also widely used in
Page 38: Razumevawe mehanizama detoksifikaci
Page 43 and 44: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ELISA and Hi
Page 45 and 46: REFERENCES Anonymous (2004): Rapid
Page 50 and 51: Aspergillus terreus 2 0 8 32 Clados
Page 52: M a n s o u r, N. K. (1986): Zum vo
Page 55 and 56: sive effects. In humans, the consum
Page 57 and 58: 18, high pressure liquid chromatogr
Page 59 and 60: (C.V. = 9.6%). The limit of detecti
Page 61 and 62: The main differences in the perform
Page 63 and 64: REFERENCES A s s o u l i n e - D a
Page 68 and 69: Mycotoxicological research The quan
Page 70 and 71: In Iran, aflatoxin M1 was found in
Page 74 and 75: MATERIAL AND METHODS Microorganisms
Page 76 and 77: Tab. 2 — Biosynthesis of ochratox
Page 78 and 79: CONCLUSION Preliminary analysis of
Page 80: V a r g a, J., R i g ó, K., L a m
Page 83 and 84: Aflatoxins (AFs) B 1, B 2, G 1 and
Page 85 and 86: MATERIALS AND METHODS Mycotoxin con
Page 87 and 88: Bread (5) CF 20.0 20.0 0 20.0 CI 1.
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MIKOTOKSINI KAO RIZIK U PREHRAMBENI
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Moulds that produce toxins may cont
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soybean meal, soybean grits, soybea
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OTA and ZEA, respectively . J a j i
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Complete mash for dairy cows over 2
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T h i e u, N. Q., O g l e, B., P e
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much more effective (P e r e z - C
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mentation. Part of the sample was c
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The most abundant amino acids in th
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Histidine 78 104 107 110 102 108 67
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c inoculated and spontaneous fermen
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REFERENCES Ancin, C., Ayestaran, B.
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BIOLOŠKA RAZNOVRSNOST KVASACA U SL
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cal area. It contains numerous bioa
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Sensorial evaluation The consumers'
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3). According to their opinion, the
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Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne n
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not a linear process, however. Init
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fermentacionom sistemu BioFlo III f
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ЗБОРНИК - Matica srpska

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