MASS STABILISATION MANUAL
MASS STABILISATION MANUAL
MASS STABILISATION MANUAL
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BINDERS<br />
Typical organic<br />
content<br />
30<br />
Silt Clay Organic Soils<br />
Gyttja/Mud,<br />
Organic Clay<br />
Peat<br />
0-2 % 0-2 % 2-30 % 50-100 %<br />
Binder<br />
Cement xx x / x(x) x / x(x) xx / xxx<br />
Cement+gypsum x x xx xx<br />
Cement+furnace slag xx / xx(x) xx / xx(x) xx xx / xxx<br />
Lime+Cement xx xx x -<br />
Lime+gypsum xx xx xx -<br />
Lime+slag x x x -<br />
Lime+gypsum+slag xx xx xx -<br />
Lime+gypsum+cement xx xx xx / xx(x) -<br />
Lime - Lime - -<br />
xxx very good binder in many cases<br />
xx good binder in many cases<br />
x good binder in some cases<br />
- not suitable<br />
Table. Approximation of suitability of binders or binder mixtures on a stabilisation of Nordic soils.<br />
Based on relative strength increases after 28 days in a laboratory. (EuroSoilStab 2002)<br />
7.3 Added sand in mass stabilisation<br />
In some projects sand is added in order to ease the stabilisation work and it is believed to guarantee<br />
more homogeneous result. Sand should be clean and frost-resistant. A typical addition<br />
rate for sand is 100-150 kg/m3, which is used in soft peat stabilisation. Sand is spread on top of<br />
the cleared and stripped ground before the stabilisation, and is mixed in during the process.<br />
7.4 Effects of binder quantity, curing time and preloading<br />
The effect of binder quantity on the strength of the stabilised soil has been tested in the Ramboll<br />
laboratory and the results are shown in the following fi gure. It should be noted that the quantity<br />
vs strength curves are not linear; that is, some binders have a threshold value point in wich the<br />
strength starts to grow more rapidly. In other cases, some binders are almost insensitive for the<br />
quantity (quantity affects only a little for the strength).<br />
The effect of curing time differs between different mixes of binder and soil. When using only cement<br />
as binder the stabilisation reactions will almost totally be fi nished during the fi rst month. In<br />
contrast, the stabilisation process of materials containing lime, furnace slag, gypsum or fl y ash<br />
can continue for several months after mixing. As a result, laboratory tests should be extended for<br />
Mass stabilisation 2005
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