MASS STABILISATION MANUAL
MASS STABILISATION MANUAL
MASS STABILISATION MANUAL
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CASES<br />
KIVIKKO IN HELSINKI, FINLAND<br />
PARKING PLACE AND INDUSTRIAL AREA INTO THE SWAMP AREA<br />
Size: total of 4 ha mass stabilisation by end of the year 2003<br />
Problem: Combined mass and column stabilisation for the whole area was too expensive<br />
Solution: Cut down costs by using only mass stabilisation for the part of the area<br />
Binder: Cement 100 kg/m 3<br />
Other additives: sand 150 kg/m 3<br />
Machinery: ALLU PM300<br />
Soil conditions:<br />
Wooded swamp area<br />
Soft peat, w=400-1000 %<br />
Muddy clay, w=150 %<br />
Clay, w=35-80 %, su=4-14 kN/m 2 ,<br />
normally consolidated<br />
44<br />
Mass stabilisation 2005<br />
Stiff silt (thin layer between the clay layers)<br />
Clay, overconsolidated<br />
Silt, sand and moraine<br />
Ground water level +17.2 … +18.2 m
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