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218 ● AnesthesiA student survivAl Guide Table 14.10 Types of transfusion reactions. Immune Mechanism Time course Fatality Symptoms Treatment or prophylaxis Type Incidence Commonest after administration of not fatal Onset 1 6 h after transfusion Mediated by inflammatory cytokines Platelets, rBC Chills, fever Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, diphenhydramine, leukocyte reduction of transfused blood. Common (several percent for non-hemolytic febrile reaction in the recipient platelets) May be fatal, may cause renal May begin minutes after hemolysis of the donor red blood cells by host gM antibodies usually related to ABO blood group incompatibility. Complement is activated Careful crossmatching and checking of blood by caretakers before administration. to treat, see text Flank pain if awake, bloody or dark urine, shock. this is the classic severe transfusion Clerically mismatched blood. Worst is from type A donor given to type O recipient 1:10,000 occurring with Acute hemolytic transfusion failure transfusion begun. resulting 20 fatalities per year in usA reaction reaction May range from subclinical to fatal Onset one to several weeks delayed hemolysis of blood from alloimmunization developing in recipient. gM antibodies and complement are involved supportive therapy. Fever, lower than expected blood hemoglobin , jaundice, urobilinogenuria Multiple rBC transfusions as for rare except in patient sCd a receiving many transfusions delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction such as sCda patients
May be fatal Within minutes of transfusion. ge and gA mediate, histamine and other factors released in anaphylaxis, and complement may be supportive treatment as for anaphylaxis shock, breathing difficulties, 1:20,000 Most common in recipients with selective gA deficiency Anaphylactic reaction wheezing, etc eleCtrOlYtes, Fluids, ACid-BAse AnAlYsis, And trAnsFusiOn therAPY ● 219 involved Mortality is less than 10% Onset hours, patients recover fully within 96 h Antibodies in donor blood product against hlA (A, B, C, dr) and other antigens in the recipient. Pulmonary capillary alveolar leak supportive, including mechanical ventilation. May be mild to life threatening: respiratory distress, fever, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, hypotension 1:2,000 large amounts of whole blood or plasma transfusionrelated acute lung injury (trAl ) a SCD Sickle cell disease.
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Anesthesia Student Survival Guide
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Editors Jesse M. Ehrenfeld, MD, MPH
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Foreword As anesthesiologists and H
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Contents Case Studies xvii Section
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ContEntS ● xi 19 Physiology and A
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Contributors Basem Abdelmalak, MD S
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David C. Lai, MD Partner, Allenmore
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CASE STUDIES In order to focus your
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CASE StUDIES ● xix inhalation ane
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CASE StUDIES ● xxi around the job
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CASE StUDIES ● xxiii ● Although
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CASE StUDIES ● xxv ● You plan a
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CASE StUDIES ● xxvii ● What oth
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CASE StUDIES ● xxix Chapter 23 Ca
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CASE StUDIES ● xxxi of her left h
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CASE StUDIES ● xxxiii speechless.
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CASE StUDIES ● xxxv things go ver
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How to Be a “Star” Student, Car
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hOw tO Be A “stAr” student, CAr
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Pre-Op Holding Area Preoperative Ev
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History of Anesthesia and Introduct
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history of AnesthesiA And introduct
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Pharmacology Section II
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30 ● AnesthesiA student survivAl
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The Preoperative Patient Evaluation
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THe PreoPerATIve PATIenT evAluATIon
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Therapy-based indications radiation
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Table 8.5 Formulation an anesthetic
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Anesthesia Equipment and Monitors B
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AnesthesiA eQuiPment And mOnitOrs
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● ● ● AnesthesiA eQuiPment An
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Table 11.3 Data typically obtained
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Anesthetic Techniques: General, Sed
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Anesthetic techniques: GenerAl, sed
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Table 12.2 Stages of general anesth
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Anesthetic techniques: GenerAl, sed
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Page 196 and 197: Table 12.6 (continued) Anesthetic t
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Page 200 and 201: Anesthetic Techniques: Regional Ant
Page 202 and 203: Figure 13.2 Surface anatomy for neu
Page 204 and 205: Table 13.1 Risks of neuraxial anest
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Page 234 and 235: Table 14.6 Advantages, disadvantage
Page 246 and 247: Table 14.11 Transfusion of bloodpro
Page 254 and 255: Chapter 15 IV, Gastric Tube, Arteri
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Page 270 and 271: Pneumothorax Uncommon, but may spon
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Page 280 and 281: Table 16.3 Common intraoperative dy
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Chapter 20 Physiology and Anesthesi
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PhysioloGy And AnesthesiA for Gener
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Anesthesia for Urological Surgery P
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AnesthesiA for uroloGicAl surGery
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Physiology and Anesthesia for Pedia
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PhysioloGy And AnesthesiA for PediA
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Table 22.6 Common pediatric emergen
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Physiology and Anesthesia for Elder
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PhysioloGy And AnesthesiA for elder
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Chapter 24 Ambulatory Surgery and O
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AmbulAtOry Surgery ANd Out-Of-Or (O
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Perioperative Acute and Chronic Pai
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PerioPerAtive ACute And ChroniC PAi
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Chapter 27 Postoperative Anesthesia
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POstOPerAtive AnesthesiA CAre unit
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Introduction to Critical Care Bever
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introduction to criticAl cAre ● 4
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SVR = [(MAP - CVP)/CO] ´ 80 introd
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● ● ● ● ● introduction to
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Chapter 29 Professionalism, Safety,
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ProfessionAlism, sAfety, And teAmwo
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Chapter 30 Quality Assurance, Patie
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QuAlity AssurAnce, PAtient And Prov
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Chapter 32 Clinical Simulation in A
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Table 32.1 Matrix of categories of
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CliniCAl simulAtion in AnesthesiA e
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ASA Difficult Airway Algorithm Appe
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518 ● ANESTHESIA STUDENT SURVIVAL
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