Preparing Teachers and Developing School Leaders for the 21st Century

OECD
Partners
developing effective school leaders
Figure 1.1a
How much autonomy individual schools have over curricula and assessments
Percentage of students in schools whose principals reported that only “principals and/or teachers”, only “regional and/or national education authority”
or both “principals and/or teachers” and “regional and/or national education authority” have a considerable responsibility for the following tasks
A establishing student assessment policies
B choosing which textbooks are used
C determining course content
D deciding which courses are offered
1 only “principals and/or teachers”
2 Both “principals and/or teachers” and “regional and/or national education authority”
3 only “regional and/or national education authority”
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Chile
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
OECD average
Albania
Argentina
Azerbaijan
Brazil
Bulgaria
Colombia
Croatia
Dubai (UAE)
Hong Kong-China
Indonesia
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Macao-China
Montenegro
Panama
Peru
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Serbia
Shanghai-China
Singapore
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Uruguay
source: oecd, PISA 2009 Database, table iv.3.6.
1
65
57
78
28
72
95
61
63
50
w
71
20
94
92
87
80
91
98
92
9
56
99
81
38
92
35
76
46
44
66
57
42
88
46
66
51
74
54
47
25
39
26
77
93
67
27
31
65
56
69
75
95
40
41
75
45
42
63
49
86
57
74
79
50
11
23
A
2
33
27
19
62
21
5
28
33
43
w
21
12
6
8
13
20
8
2
6
33
15
1
17
36
8
37
21
48
34
30
27
29
12
40
23
16
20
8
27
37
21
36
10
7
28
4
22
8
40
25
20
0
32
25
15
18
36
25
44
9
41
17
18
45
11
30
3
2
15
4
10
6
0
11
3
7
w
9
68
0
1
0
0
1
0
2
58
29
0
2
27
0
28
3
5
23
3
16
30
0
13
11
33
6
38
26
38
39
38
13
0
6
70
47
26
4
6
5
5
28
34
10
37
22
12
7
5
2
8
2
5
78
47
1
92
94
94
40
73
89
100
66
98
w
84
7
98
93
97
53
99
89
96
13
63
100
99
97
92
98
56
72
95
99
40
14
98
62
78
91
81
50
88
88
92
63
55
93
80
4
16
68
71
54
89
100
5
52
52
37
86
65
19
49
72
92
89
29
0
31
B
2
8
5
4
49
20
11
0
32
2
w
13
8
2
4
3
43
1
8
4
80
11
0
1
2
8
2
39
27
5
1
40
18
2
28
15
8
16
6
9
12
3
34
17
7
13
1
14
8
27
5
11
0
30
26
12
16
13
27
59
17
24
8
10
62
1
36
3
0
1
1
11
7
1
0
2
0
w
3
85
0
3
0
4
0
3
0
7
26
0
0
1
0
0
5
1
0
0
20
68
0
10
8
1
3
43
2
1
4
3
27
0
7
95
70
23
2
40
1
0
65
22
37
47
1
8
23
34
3
0
1
10
99
33
1
46
37
32
12
43
83
56
66
32
w
21
1
49
61
29
52
59
93
89
9
14
87
79
30
93
5
48
34
32
66
21
9
77
36
45
35
28
27
35
10
69
11
62
81
75
7
11
59
19
41
50
94
5
41
53
31
46
21
2
45
44
81
89
21
3
3
C
2
40
40
42
51
22
16
32
30
52
w
47
3
36
26
37
44
27
6
8
72
7
12
20
40
7
3
47
59
31
26
41
15
20
46
31
7
43
9
25
26
23
50
13
17
18
1
18
10
46
0
35
6
34
23
23
9
33
40
41
22
38
16
11
40
14
26
3
14
23
26
38
35
1
12
4
16
w
32
96
15
13
34
5
14
1
2
20
79
1
1
30
0
92
5
6
37
8
38
76
2
18
24
57
29
64
40
65
8
39
26
2
7
93
71
31
36
59
15
0
61
36
24
60
20
39
57
33
18
3
0
39
83
71
1
75
32
40
44
64
88
47
79
55
w
80
6
43
48
78
44
49
94
79
18
5
89
92
23
40
10
52
28
30
53
24
14
86
58
50
35
8
37
18
10
64
2
59
87
49
7
40
44
30
53
75
81
20
26
45
35
31
71
0
52
66
68
91
34
4
21
D
2
24
40
46
54
20
11
39
20
39
w
18
5
28
42
21
50
25
5
17
61
5
10
8
33
31
5
48
52
31
25
50
21
14
37
28
12
30
5
17
15
14
25
16
13
23
1
22
7
42
9
20
14
36
23
18
17
41
22
12
28
31
25
8
51
9
19
3
1
29
13
3
16
1
14
2
6
w
2
88
29
10
1
6
27
2
4
21
91
1
0
44
29
86
1
20
39
22
27
65
0
4
21
53
61
58
65
75
23
72
25
0
28
92
37
49
28
38
5
4
44
51
37
48
29
7
87
20
4
7
1
15
87
59
range between top and bottom quarter
average index
Index of school responsibility
for curriculum and assessment
Chapter 1
Variability
in the index
(Standard
Deviation)
PreParing teachers and develoPing school leaders for the 21st century – lessons froM around the World © OECD 2012
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.6
1.0
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.8
w
0.7
0.3
0.9
0.9
0.7
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.4
1.0
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.7
0.4
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.4
1.1
0.8
0.9
0.5
0.5
1.0
0.6
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.8
0.2
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.1
0.4
-2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 index points
15