Preparing Teachers and Developing School Leaders for the 21st Century

Preparing teachers: matching demand and supply
21. For data, see Indicator D3 in the 2007 edition of OECD’s Education at a Glance.
Chapter 3
22. twenty-three countries participated in talis 2008: australia, austria, Belgium (fl.), Brazil, Bulgaria, denmark, estonia, hungary,
iceland, ireland, italy, republic of Korea, lithuania, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, norway, Poland, Portugal, slovak republic,
slovenia, spain and turkey. talis 2008 was also conducted in the netherlands but as the required sampling standards were
not achieved, their data are not included in the international comparisons.
23. see oecd (2011), The Experience of New Teachers: Results from TALIS 2008, oecd Publishing.
24. see, for example, the commonwealth teachers recruitment Protocol of 2004, developed at the request of the 15th conference
of commonwealth education Ministers, edinburgh, uK 2003.
25. see oecd (2010), Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education: Lessons from PISA for the United States,
oecd Publishing.
26. for an analysis, see oecd (2005), Teachers Matter – Attracting, Developing and Retaining Effective Teachers, oecd Publishing.
27. see oecd (2011), The Experience of New Teachers: Results from TALIS 2008, oecd Publishing, Paris.
28. see page 4 of the Joint ilo/unesco committee of experts on the application of the recommendations concerning teaching
Personnel (ceart), Paris, october 2009.
29. see oecd (2005), Teachers Matter – Attracting, Developing and Retaining Effective Teachers, oecd Publishing.
30. talis asked teachers about their professional development activities during the 18 months prior to the survey. this period of
time was chosen in order to cover activities over almost two school years in order to give a more representative picture and
lessen possible distortions due to unusually busy or lean periods of development, and to ensure a manageable period for
teachers’ recall. Teachers were first asked to indicate whether or not they had participated in each of the following activities:
(1) courses/workshops (e.g. on subject matter or methods and/or other education-related topics); (2) education conferences or
seminars (at which teachers and/or researchers present their research results and discuss education problems); (3) qualification
program (e.g. a degree program); (4) observation visits to other schools; (5) participation in a network of teachers formed
specifically for the professional development of teachers; (6) individual or collaborative research on a topic of professional
interest; and (7) mentoring and/or peer observation and coaching, as part of a formal school arrangement. teachers were able
to indicate participation in multiple activities. talis then asked teachers how many days of professional development they had
attended in the 18 months prior to the survey and how many of these days were compulsory (for details, see oecd [2009],
Creating Effective Teaching and Learning Environments: First Results from TALIS, oecd Publishing).
31. the intensity of teacher participation in professional development varies considerably across countries, with Korea and Mexico
seeing teachers participating, on average, over 30 days in 18 months, twice the average rate. Within-country variation in the
intensity of professional development can also be high, most notably in italy, Mexico, Korea, Poland and spain (for data see
oecd [2009], Creating Effective Teaching and Learning Environments: First Results from TALIS, oecd Publishing).
PreParing teachers and develoPing school leaders for the 21st century – lessons froM around the World © OECD 2012
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