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table of contents
PART ONE: Introduction: Report Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1 .1 . U .S . Department of Labor’s Mandate ............................................................1
1 .2 . Research Purpose ............................................................................1
1 .3 . Report Overview ............................................................................1
1 .4 . Research Focus ..............................................................................1
1.4.1. Population Covered .....................................................................1
1.4.2. Nature of Employment ...................................................................1
1.4.3. Sector of Employment ....................................................................2
1.4.4. Type of Employment .....................................................................2
1.4.5. Stage of Production .....................................................................3
1.4.6. Market for Goods .......................................................................3
PART TWO: Research Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
2 .1 . Addition of Goods to the List ..................................................................5
2.1.1. Sources and Collection of Data .............................................................5
2.1.2. Data Analysis .........................................................................5
2 .2 . Removal of Goods from the List ................................................................6
2.2.1. Government Role .......................................................................8
2.2.2. Private Sector Role ......................................................................9
2.2.3. Role of Workers and Civil Society ..........................................................10
Box 1: Case Study: Removal of Brazilian Charcoal from the EO 13126 List ...............................11-12
PART THREE: Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
3 .1 Addition of Goods to the List .................................................................13
3 .2 Trends in Child Labor and Forced Labor in the Production of Goods .................................14
3 .3 Limitations ...............................................................................35
3.3.1. Data Availability ......................................................................35
3.3.2. Generalizability of Findings ..............................................................35
PART FOUR: Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
4 .1 The Role of ILAB’s Office of Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking .......................37
4.1.1. OCFT Research on Child Labor and Forced Labor .............................................37
4.1.2. OCFT Technical Assistance on Child Labor and Forced Labor .....................................39
4 .2 Country-Level Efforts to Eliminate Child Labor and Forced Labor ...................................39
4.2.1. Tripartite Efforts to Eliminate Child Labor in the Philippines’ Sugarcane Fields ........................40
4.2.2. Cambodia’s Multi-Faceted Approach to Eliminate Child Labor in Fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.2.3. Addressing Child Labor in Paraguay’s Brick Industry ............................................41
4 .3 The U .S . Experience ........................................................................42
4.3.1 Child Labor in the United States ............................................................42
4.3.2 Forced Labor in the United States ...........................................................43
4 .4 Conclusion ................................................................................43
u.s. department of labor’s list of goods produced by child labor or forced labor
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tablE OF cOntEnts