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Part One: introduction - Report guide
1.1. U.S. Department of Labor’S
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The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) has prepared this
fourth edition of the List of Goods Produced by Child Labor
or Forced Labor (List) in accordance with the Trafficking
Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) of 2005. 1
The TVPRA requires DOL’s Bureau of International Labor
Affairs (ILAB) to “develop and make available to the public a
list of goods from countries that [ILAB] has reason to believe
are produced by forced labor or child labor in violation of
international standards.” 2 ILAB published its initial List on
September 10, 2009, and has since updated the List annually.
The TVPRA mandate refers to monitoring and combating
“child labor and forced labor in foreign countries”; therefore,
the List does not include goods produced in the United States.
However, the Department recognizes that child labor and
forced labor occur in the United States, and this is discussed in
Section 4.3 below.
1.2. reSearch pUrpoSe
The List’s primary purposes are to raise public awareness about
forced labor and child labor and to promote efforts to address
them. The List is not intended to be punitive, but rather as a
starting point for individual and collective action. Publication
of the List has provided ILAB new opportunities to engage
in technical cooperation with foreign governments to combat
child labor and forced labor and has also been a valuable
resource to many companies in carrying out risk assessment
and due diligence on labor rights in their supply chains.
1.3. report overview
This edition of the List adds four new goods and three new
countries to the List. The List now includes a total of 134
goods from 74 countries. Given the current state of research on
child labor and forced labor, the List – while as comprehensive
as possible – includes only those goods for which ILAB is able
to document that there is reason to believe that child or forced
labor is used in their production. It is likely that many more
goods are produced through these forms of labor abuse.
This report is divided into four parts. In addition to DOL’s
mandate and the research purpose, Part 1 of this report
1. Pub. L. 109-164, 119 Stat. 3559 (codified as amended in scattered sections of 18, 22
and 42 U.S.C.).
2. Codified as 22 U.S.C. 7112(b)(2)(C).
describes the research focus, including the population of
interest, definitions of child labor and forced labor, the sectors
and types of employment, the stages of production and the
ultimate consumption of the goods (export or domestic).
Part 2 outlines the research methodology, including the
criteria used to analyze data sources and make determinations
regarding additions to or removals from the List. This section
also discusses the role that governments, the private sector and
workers and civil society can play in eliminating child labor
and forced labor in the production of goods. Part 3 presents
the results of this year’s research and includes a brief analysis of
trends observed since ILAB began producing the List in 2009.
Part 4 places the results of the research in a broader context and
concludes with a discussion about important efforts that are
ongoing or are needed to advance efforts to eliminate child and
forced labor in the production of goods.
1.4. reSearch focUS
1.4.1. Population Covered
In researching child labor, ILAB focused on children under
the age of 18 years. For forced labor, the research covered
workers of all ages. The population included persons in foreign
countries only, as directed by statute. Populations within the
United States were not included in this study.
1.4.2. Nature of Employment
Where ILAB research indicated situations of exploitative
working conditions, these situations were reviewed to
determine whether they constituted “child labor” or “forced
labor” under international labor standards. ILAB’s complete
definitions of child labor and forced labor can be found in its
Procedural Guidelines for the Development and Maintenance of
the List of Goods From Countries Produced by Child Labor or
Forced Labor (Procedural Guidelines), published in the Federal
Register on December 27, 2007. 3
3. U.S. Department of Labor, “Notice of Procedural Guidelines for the Development
and Maintenance of the List of Goods From Countries Produced by Child Labor or
Forced Labor,” 72, Fed. Reg. 73374 (December 27, 2007); available from http://www.
dol.gov/ILAB/programs/ocft/tvpra.htm.
u.s. department of labor’s list of goods produced by child labor or forced labor
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PaRt OnE: intRODuctiOn - REPORt guiDE