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Part three: Results
has been changed to “cassiterite (tin ore),” “coltan (metallic
ore)” has been changed to “coltan (tantalum ore),” “wolframite”
has been changed to “wolframite (tungsten ore,)” and “cobalt”
has been changed to “Heterogenite (cobalt ore).”
3.2 trenDS in chiLD Labor
anD forceD Labor in the
proDUction of GooDS
Since the first publication of the List in 2009, ILAB’s research
has continued to uncover more goods made with child labor
than with forced labor. This finding is consistent with ILO
estimates of the relative prevalence of child labor and forced
labor. 28
Across the four years of research, the countries on the List span
every region of the world and all stages of industrialization.
Because of the concentration of child and forced laborers in
agriculture, these labor abuses are most closely, though not
exclusively, associated with developing countries. But ILAB’s
research also found child and forced labor in more developed
economies, primarily in the manufacturing of goods such as
carpets, fashion accessories, footwear and garments for the
global marketplace.
28. ILO, Accelerating Action Against Child Labour. See also ILO, ILO Global Estimate of
Forced Labour: Results and Methodology.
14
As ILAB has continued to develop the List, certain goods have
been found to have child labor or forced labor in country after
country. Goods associated with a notably high concentration
of child and/or forced labor include cotton (17 countries),
sugarcane (16 countries), coffee (14 countries), cattle (12
countries), rice (eight countries), fish (seven countries) and
cocoa (six countries) in the agricultural sector; bricks (18
countries), garments (eight countries), carpets (five countries)
and footwear (five countries) in the manufacturing sector; and
gold (19 countries), diamonds (seven countries) and coal (seven
countries) in the mining/quarrying sector.
Production of pornographic materials (pornography) is treated
as a separate category. Compelling evidence that child labor or
forced labor was used in its production has been found in seven
countries, though these practices likely occur in many more.
united states department of labor’s bureau of international labor affairs