Science & Health - A Beka Book

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Science & Health Science of the Physical Creation cont. Meteorology • Atmosphere: • Introducing the atmosphere: • Pressure, composition h Layers by composition • Layers by temperature • Heat and the atmosphere: • Definition, insolation, heat distribution, greenhouse effect h Energy budget, adiabatic • Patterns of circulation: • High/low, Coriolis effect, earth’s wind zones • Local wind effects: h Monsoon effect, land breeze • Earth’s weather: • Understanding weather: h Factors causing weather • Water changing states • Clouds, airmass, fronts • Precipitation and storms: • Water cycle, rain formation • Types of precipitation: h Drizzle • Storms: h Thunderstorm stages • Meteorology: • Studying the weather: • Measuring atmospheric conditions • Measuring upper-atmospheric conditions: h Sounding rocket • Satellites, weather maps and forecasting: h Isotherm Oceanography • Water of the seas: • Composition of sea water h Color, temperature, density, and pressure of sea water h Sea ice • Currents, waves, tsunamis, tides: h Surface and subsurface currents, gyre, upwelling, countercurrent • Geography of the seas: • Continental shelf and slope h Shelf break, continental rise h Abyssal plain • Seamounts, ridges, trenches h Oceanic deep • Oceanography: • Studying the seas: • Tools of the oceanographer: h Ship, buoys • Scuba, submersibles, sonar h Bathythermograph, drift measurements, sampling devices 167 h red indicates NeW MATerIAL Chemistry • Foundations of chemistry: • Chemistry and matter: • Definition, characteristics of matter, atomic theory h Brief history • Elements and compounds h History of atomic symbols • Kinetic theory, diffusion, osmosis h Brownian motion • Inside the atom: • Nucleus with protons and neutrons, atomic number, electrons: h Quarks, electron shells, types of ions, neutrino • Atomic models: h Quantum theory, uncertainty principle • Atomic mass: h Nuclear decay, fission, and fusion • Electrons and chemical properties: • Valence electron, Periodic Table of Elements: h Periods and groups • Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals h Transition metals, inner transition metals h Groups IIIA–VIA • Halogens, noble gases • Molecules and chemistry: h Molecular mass • Mixtures and compounds: • Physical and chemical properties • Comparison/contrast of mixtures and compounds h Solutions, colloids, nomenclature, types of chemical formulas • Chemical bonds: • Covalent bonds, ionic bonds h Polar and non-polar bonds, formation of ionic bonds • Crystals h Formula units h Forces between molecules: h Types, characteristics, and relative strength of intermolecular forces; crystalline vs. amorphous solids h Relationship between melting and boiling points and intermolecular forces h Vapor pressure, solubility • Chemical reactions: h Reactants, products • Chemical equations, conservation of mass h Balancing equations, activation energy h Endothermic and exothermic • Second law of thermodynamics, entropy h Factors affecting rate of reactions, types of reactions • Salts Grade 9 h Chemistry of acids and bases, pH as a measure of concentration h Electrolytic cells, chemistry of voltaic and storage cells h Organic chemistry: h Uniqueness of carbon, hydrocarbon nomenclature h Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes h Aromatics, substituted hydrocarbons, soaps, and polymers Science of the Physical Creation cont. p. 168
Science & Health Science of the Physical Creation cont. Chemistry cont. • Biochemistry: • Carbohydrates, lipids: h Disaccharides, glycogen, structure of fats, types of cholesterol h Chemistry and structure of proteins, types and structure of nucleic acids • Metabolism: h Chemistry of ATP Geology • Structure of the earth: h Composition of crust, mantle, and core; divisions of the mantle; seismic waves; Gutenberg discontinuity • Movement of the crust: h Pangaea; types of faults and folds h Mountain formation • Earthquakes: • Tremors, aftershocks, elastic rebound theory, focus, epicenter h Earthquake waves; locating an earthquake’s epicenter • Earthquake zones • Earthquake strength scales: h Mercalli scale • Richter scale • Volcanoes: • Mount St. Helens h Volcanology • Structure, types by formation, types by activity • Locations, eruptions • Types of ejecta: h Types of lava h Difference between volcanic blocks and volcanic bombs h Nuée ardente • Volcanic structures • Minerals: • Composition, characteristics h Groups • Identification criteria: h Specific gravity, special properties • Valuable minerals • Rock: • Classification with descriptions and characteristics of representative samples: • Igneous rocks: h Porphyritic (mixed-textured), amorphous, and porous igneous rocks • Sedimentary rocks: h Precipitate, evaporite, salt dome, concretions, stratum, law of superposition • Metamorphic rocks: h Contact vs. regional metamorphism; general characteristics of metamorphic rocks • Weathering and erosion: • Water and weathering: • Types of weathering: h Ice wedging, exfoliation, causes and rates of chemical weathering 168 • Gullying • Rivers: Grade 9 h red indicates NeW MATerIAL h Load, river system, tributary, floodplain, levees, meanders, oxbow lake, alluvial fan • Divides and drainage basins • Caverns: h Dripstone, sinkhole, karst • Features made by sea erosion: • Beaches, sea caves h Bars, barrier islands, promontories, sea cliffs, sea arches, sea stacks • Erosion by ice, wind, and wasting: h Types, movements, and effects of glaciers h Ice Age, types and effects of wind erosion h Types and effects of mass wasting • Prevention of erosion: • Terracing h Strip-cropping, breakwaters Interpreting the Fossil Record • History of the earth: • Evolution, special creation h Theistic evolution h Principle of uniformity • Uniformitarianism, Charles Lyell and Charles Darwin • Record of the rocks: • Fossils, paleontology, geologic column, circular reasoning h Index fossils, fossil anomalies h Effects of the Flood: h Description of the Genesis Flood and the aftermath h Noah’s ark h Evidences of the worldwide Flood • Lack of transitional forms: • Gaps in the fossil record • Eohippus h Cambrian explosion, Seymouria, Archaeopteryx • Impossible transition forms, natural selection • Punctuated equilibrium hypothesis • Evolution of man: h Differences between man and ape • Discarded transitional forms: h Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus, australopithecines, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Peking man • Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon men Motion • Describing motion: h Brief history of developing the field of physics • Speed and velocity h Scalar and vectors, simple vector addition • Acceleration: h Measuring acceleration • Motion and forces: • Newton’s laws of motion h Momentum, quantitative study of the force and acceleration of gravity h The four fundamental forces of nature Science of the Physical Creation cont. p. 169
Page 1 and 2: es f owers mammals sects drug abuse
Page 3 and 4: Science: Order & Design cont. Fish,
Page 5 and 6: Science: Earth & Space cont. Geolog
Page 7 and 8: Science: Earth & Space cont. Weathe
Page 9: Science: Earth & Space Grade 8 cont
Page 13 and 14: Science & Health Health Grade 9 Dev
Page 15 and 16: Health cont. Administering First Ai
Page 17 and 18: Biology cont. Botany • Angiosperm
Page 19 and 20: Biology cont. Human Anatomy & Physi
Page 21 and 22: Biology cont. Ecology cont. • Spe
Page 23 and 24: Chemistry cont. Chemistry: An Intro
Page 25 and 26: Chemistry cont. Chemical Equilibriu
Page 27 and 28: Physics cont. Liquid State—Charac
Page 29 and 30: Physics cont. Laws of Thermodynamic
Page 31: Physics cont. Current Generation—

Science & Health - A Beka Book

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