LED Street Light Research Project

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Use of color temperature and color changing for lighting the Chateau Frontenac (Quebec) and Pittsburgh’s Festival of Lights accentuates building materiality and achieves placemaking through lighting design. 48 Pittsburgh LED Street Light Research Project September 2011
and landscape is highly contextual. By introducing dual color temperatures into a street lighting fixture, there is the flexibility to create a warmer or cooler mood in residential and commercial areas, depending on preference and surrounding material colors. Contrasting color temperatures can be also be used to emphasize focal points to dramatic effect. › Color Changing In addition to warm and cool color temperatures, LEDs also come in red, amber, blue, and green, allowing for a wide range of color mixing. Colored lighting can be used to help with wayfinding and to render a special ambiance during celebratory occasions. A linear LED color changing accessory piece can be added to existing poles, or pedestrian-lighting can be colored. Static color can be used to direct the public along specified paths, such as a route bookended by important destinations, or to denote a gallery crawl. Linear color changing accessory pieces can also be programmed to create “chasing” color to signify special occasions or even emergency routes. › Focal points Focal points in the public right-of-way can be highlighted at various scales, depending on the viewpoint. They can be as small as decorative cornices on a building or as large as river edges and escarpments. Creating nighttime focal points aids with wayfinding by drawing attention to unique buildings, public art, cultural and natural artifacts, and public spaces seen from afar, up close, and along the way. Color temperature can further help define focal points. September 2011 Additional Aesthetic Considerations › Materials The material context should be considered when choosing a color temperature for street lights. Warm toned materials, such as sandstone and brick, are flattered by warmer white light while cooler toned materials, such as granite and steel, will appear more beautiful with whiter light. The color of ground surface materials will also have an impact on illumination levels. For example, darker pavement color will absorb light while snow has a high reflective quality. A benefit of LEDs is that the intensity of lighting can be dimmed when needed. Even rain can have an effect on illumination of the street as light reflects off dark, rain-covered asphalt, creating glare. › Facade lighting Facade lighting can be used to highlight interesting architectural details and to draw attention to buildings that have special meaning, such as civic and heritage buildings. However when it comes to street lights, it is important to limit the amount of light that trespasses onto adjacent buildings for a number of reasons. Light trespass can be a serious annoyance for residents whose interior space is affected by street lights with insufficient cut-off. Light trespassing on a building may also interfere with a property owner’s attempts to control the nighttime aesthetics of their building via their own architectural lighting scheme. Street lights that wash the facades of buildings only serve to contribute to an overlit nighttime environment, the waste of energy, and the reduction of the overall lighting quality. In their article, “Close encounters with buildings”, authors Jan Gehl, Lotte Johansen Kaefer, and Solvejg Reigstad explain the dynamics of pedestrian-scale facade design. At 3 feet from a Pittsburgh LED Street Light Research Project 49
Page 1 and 2: LED Street Light Research Project R
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements City of Pittsburgh
Page 5 and 6: Contents Executive Summary Backgrou
Page 7 and 8: Executive Summary Background The Ci
Page 9 and 10: lighting of sidewalks or streets. L
Page 11 and 12: › LED luminaires should be guaran
Page 13 and 14: Background Overview The City of Pit
Page 15 and 16: Street Lights: A Brief History The
Page 17 and 18: Electric Street Lighting Technologi
Page 19 and 20: and development focus of the U.S. D
Page 21 and 22: Data Collection LED Street Lighting
Page 23 and 24: › Lower operating costs: energy e
Page 25 and 26: Efficiency (GIB Credit 13). This cr
Page 27 and 28: color bins based on identical or ve
Page 29 and 30: Lighting Standards in the U.S. In t
Page 31 and 32: Existing Infrastructure The City of
Page 33 and 34: Since 2008, the City’s Office for
Page 35 and 36: Business District Case Studies Thre
Page 37 and 38: September 2011 Central Business Dis
Page 39 and 40: September 2011 Mid-Sized Business D
Page 41 and 42: September 2011 Neighborhood Busines
Page 43 and 44: Research Modes of Human Vision Huma
Page 45 and 46: How Uniformity of Illuminance Affec
Page 47: Overview There is a wide range of i
Page 51 and 52: uilding, pedestrians can see less t
Page 53 and 54: Another factor is the surrounding r
Page 55 and 56: This provides what many lighting pr
Page 57 and 58: will generate up to 130,000 lux. Of
Page 59 and 60: › Use shielded or cut-off luminai
Page 61 and 62: › LEDs are the most efficient, du
Page 63 and 64: The Plan recommends retrofitting st
Page 65 and 66: There is an established link betwee
Page 67 and 68: Biological/Public Health Considerat
Page 69 and 70: Lighting Plans: Comprehensive Plann
Page 71 and 72: › Helsinki, Finland: Master Light
Page 73 and 74: › Dial4Light: Licht per Anruf (Li
Page 75 and 76: Overview Focus group sessions were
Page 77 and 78: Tools for Measuring Street Lighting
Page 79 and 80: During this measure, the luminance
Page 81 and 82: Overview In February, 2001, Minneap
Page 83 and 84: Recommendations Overview The City o
Page 85 and 86: The revised approach became one of
Page 87 and 88: luminaires. Manufacturers are respo
Page 89 and 90: Base Criteria: Design › Contempor
Page 91 and 92: Evaluation Procedure for Business D
Page 93 and 94: Upgrade Option: Basic Controls In a
Page 95 and 96: › The mounting system will be aff
Page 97 and 98: Pittsburgh. The findings would be s
Page 99 and 100:
› Testing of the submitted lumina
Page 101 and 102:
References American Association of
Page 103 and 104:
Gehl, Jan, Lotte Johansen Kaefer an
Page 105 and 106:
U.S. Department of Energy. 2008. LE
Page 107 and 108:
Appendices BULB: The light source w
Page 109 and 110:
› LUCI (Lighting Urban Community
Page 111 and 112:
Sorento Streetlight, Cambridge, UK
Page 113:
› Principal Investigator Don Cart
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LED Street Light Research Project

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