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468 OSBORN, THE REPTILIAN SUBCLASSES DIAPSIDA AND SYNAPSIDA. Order PROCOLOPHONIA Seeley. Procolophon Seeley.................. Group SPHENODONTINA Huxley, in part. Rhynchosauridae Huxley. Rhynchosaurus Owen.............. Hyperodapedon Huxley ............. Order PELYCOSAURIA Cope.1 Clepsydropidae Cofpe. Clepsydrops Cope.................... Dimetrodon '................... Naosaurus ................... Edaphosaurus " ................... Embolophorus " .................... Archaeobelus ". Lysorophus ". Theropleura Ophiacodon Marsh................... Sphenacodon ". Bolosauridae Cole. Bolosaurus .. Metamosaurus "........... Order RHYNCHOCEPHALIA Gunther. Group Sphenodontina Huxley, in part. (Rhynchocephalia vera Boulenger, in part). Sphenodontidae. Sphenodon Gray......... Suborder CHORISTODERA Cope. (Order Sirnoedosauria Dollo). Champsosauridae. Champsosaurus Cope................. Simoedosaurus Gervais ............... Suborder HOMEOSAURIA Lydekker. Homceosauridae. Homneosaurus v. Meyer........ Ardeosaurus Saphaeosauirus Sauranodon Yourdan.................. Pleurosauridae. Pleurosaurus v. Meyer............... INCERTA3 SEDIS. Telerpeton Mantell................. Saurosternon -Huxley................. .. ......... Permian. Triassic. IJurassic. Cretaceous. Eocene. Recent. x x x x x x x x x x x x x x -I x x x x x x x ... .Ix.... .... 1 . . x x x x X In the present memoir, which is based chiefly on original observations of Slereoslernum and Chanjfisosaurus and upon the invaluable papers of v. Meyer, Credner, Seeley, Boulenger, Dames, Dollo and Broom, it will appear that there are substantial grounds for separating these animals into at least three and possibly into five orders. But as already stated, this degree of separation is a baffling question owing to our limited knowledge; let us, therefore, for the sake ' The horizon is partly Permian, partly Triassic.
OSBORN, THE REPTILIAN SUBCLASSES DIAPSIDA AND SYNAPSIDA. 469 of clearness, provisionally adopt seven 'orders' at their face value, clearly remarking that some of them may from fuller inforination be lowered to subordinal or superfamily rank. These are: ORDERS AND SUBORDERS. EXAMPLES. I. PROTOROSAURIA Seeley. Protorosaurus, Pakloheztteria. II. PELYCOSAURIA Cope. Naosaurus, Dirnetrodon. III. RHYNCHOSAURIA ord. nov. Rhynchosaurus, Hyperodapedon. IV. PROCOLOPHONIA Seeley. Procolophon. V. PROGANOSAURIA Baur. Mesosaurus, Stereosternum. VI. CHORISTODERA Cope. Champsosaurus, Simacdosaurus. VII. RYNCHOCEPHALIA GUnther. Homaosaurus, Sphenodon. I. -ORDER PROTOROSAURIA SEELEY. 'I conclude," says Seeley in his memoir on Protorosaurus speneriil " that von Meyer was fully justified in regarding Prolorosaurus as the type of a distinct order of reptiles, for which the name Protorosauria may be conveniently used." Definition of Prolorosauria. -This Permian order, which has been confused with the Proganosauria of Baur (Mesosauria, Seeley), has never been defined. Typified by the genera Pro/orosaurus, Palaeohatleria and Kadaliosaurus, it may now be defined as follows: Ambulatory; probably carnivorous Diaptosauria; neck short, 6-7 cervicals; vertebra, mostly amphicalous; hypocentra; strong pelvic attachment of dorsally expanded iium and 3-2 sacral vertebra; ischium and pubis more or less continuous; 2 proximial and 5-4 distal tarsalia; interclazicle rhombic anteriorly; humerus with ectepicondylar (radiocondylar) foramen. These characters distinguish this order from the Dinosauria (group Megalosauria or Theropoda) to which it is most nearly allied and possibly ancestral, and from the Rhynchocephalia to which it is more remotely allied and certainly not ancestral.2 Genus Protorosaurus v. Meyer. These large reptiles are known from twenty-one or more specimens, which belong certainly to two or more genera and several species, found in the Kupferschiefer Zechsteinformation (Permian) of Germany. Our knowledge is based upon the fine memoir of von Meyer,3 and upon Seeley's more recent memoir in which he confirms von Meyer in most points, but adds some evidence for a dermal skeleton, and questions the socketed condition of the teeth. I On Protorosaurus Speneri (von Meyer). Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., Vol. CLXXVIII B (I887), pp. I87- 213, pll. xiv-xvi. 2 For the probable structure of the primitive Dinosaur see the writer's article ' Reconsideration of the Evidence for a Common Dinosaur avian Stem in the Permian' (Amer. Nat., Vol. XXXIV, No. 406, October, I900). Fauna der Vorwelt: Saurier aus dem Kupferschiefer der Zecbsteinformation, I856, pp. 1-28, pll. i-ix.
Page 1 and 2: MEMOI RS OF THE Se t r H isto-ry. V
Page 3: VOLUME I, PART VIII. THE REPTILIAN
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Page 40 and 41: Fig. 17 a. Stereosternum tumidum Co
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Page 65 and 66: INDEX TO VOLUME I. [New names of ge
Page 67 and 68: Aphelops profectus, 358, 373 superc
Page 69 and 70: Hoplophoneus pr1mevus, 394 robustus
Page 71 and 72: Pleurosaurus, 463, 468, 494, 495, 4
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Sesia albicornis, 226, 229, 230, 27
Page 75:
Trochilium tipuliformis, 286 tricin
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