EAZA Hornbill Management and Husbandry Guidelines

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Foreword How to use these guidelines The compilation of these guidelines started in 1996 with the distribution of the EEP Great Hornbill Management and Husbandry Questionnaire. Eighty-five percent of the 55 questionnaires sent to European and American zoos was completed and the resulting report (Galama, 1996b) was presented during the second International Hornbill Workshop 1997 in Malaga (Spain), organized by the EAZA Hornbill TAG and the Buceros bicornis EEP species committee. An international group of knowledgeable people working with hornbills in the field or in zoological institutions discussed and summarized suggestions for keeping and breeding hornbills successfully in captivity. As promised, but with quite a delay, the suggestions made during the International Hornbill Workshop, as well as other information that has become available in the interim, can now be shared with others through this document: The EAZA Hornbill Husbandry and Management Guidelines, First Edition, 2002. Successful breeding of most captive hornbills remains a challenge, and the scarce information available is scattered over the world. Therefore, the guidelines must be seen as a working document that tries to arrange known pieces of the puzzle. Because we wanted to construct the guidelines so that the user only (usually) needs to refer to one section to answer a question, some pieces of information appear more than once in the guidelines. Other sections of the guideline are referred to if they give more or different information regarding a subject. Hopefully, the guidelines will help to improve hornbill husbandry and management and will inspire the user to document new findings and to also make these available to others. The EAZA Hornbill TAG is planning to produce a revision of the guidelines in 2004. We hope that users will send data, comments, suggestions and corrections on this first/draft version to the EAZA Hornbill TAG chair Koen Brouwer for incorporation into the revision. That version will hopefully be available via internet.
1 Natural history Hornbills have been held in zoos for more than a hundred years and have always been a great attraction. Their shape, flight and inquisitive behavior entice zoo visitors to slow their pace to watch these birds. Despite the evolution of zoos from "menageries" to present zoological institutions or conservation societies, successful breeding of many hornbill species remains a challenge. The most striking physical similarity shared by the 54 recognized hornbill species is the presence of a casque. All hornbills are hole nesters, and the females of all but two species are usually “sealed-in” the hole throughout incubation and most of the chick rearing. The extent of their collective range is fairly restricted, being almost entirely between 30 °N and 30 °S of the equator. Hornbills do inhabit a variety of habitats, from dry savannas in Africa to rainforests of Asia and range from 100 g to 4 kg in mass. Zoo managers not only need to take into account the ecological and behavioral traits common to all hornbills, but also important species-specific variations. The suggestions given in the following chapters are based on general hornbill natural history in general. These Hornbill Husbandry and Management Guidelines are meant to compliment Alan Kemp's book "The Hornbills Bucerotiformes" published in 1995, which contains detailed information on each species' natural history and biology. Furthermore the guidelines follow the nomenclature of Kemp’s book, as participants of the 2nd International Hornbill Workshop in 1997 agreed to use this nomenclature in future references. Traditional common names of Buceros species are used here however. 9
Page 1 and 2: EAZA Hornbill Management and Husban
Page 3 and 4: EAZA Hornbill Management and Husban
Page 5: 8) Suggestions for research, public
Page 9 and 10: Most hornbill species are dimorphic
Page 11 and 12: 3 Veterinary care, handling and tra
Page 13 and 14: The following parasites were report
Page 15 and 16: - Check the environment for other s
Page 17 and 18: Risk of damage to the casque may be
Page 19 and 20: J. Mellen and M. Sevenich MacPhee a
Page 21 and 22: While the birds seem to desensitize
Page 23 and 24: If heat lamps are used to provide w
Page 25 and 26: Table 2. Minimum and maximum daylig
Page 27 and 28: 4.6 Dimensions of the enclosure Elo
Page 29 and 30: It was found in a cross-institution
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2 Hornbills need small branc
Page 33 and 34: 5 Diet requirements 5.1 Formulation
Page 35 and 36: 5.1.1 Fruits While some hornbills,
Page 37 and 38: Amount of animal matter increased i
Page 39 and 40: The total amount of food should be
Page 41 and 42: During the beginning of the chick r
Page 43 and 44: Heavy allopreening forces the femal
Page 45 and 46: The thickness of the nest walls is
Page 47 and 48: 6.3.4 Plastering the nest opening H
Page 49 and 50: Problems with the lining becoming t
Page 51 and 52: Figure 5 Nest Investigation Tube (S
Page 53 and 54: Additional to the information that
Page 55 and 56: 6.6 Hand-rearing Hand-rearing can i
Page 57 and 58:
7 Social behavior and pair/group co
Page 59 and 60:
7.2.1 Pair compatibility assessment
Page 61 and 62:
The hornbills, held separately but
Page 63 and 64:
A juvenile group of Sunda wrinkled
Page 65 and 66:
8.1.3 Reproductive physiology Non-i
Page 67 and 68:
8.2 Public education Hornbills can
Page 69 and 70:
10 References Anonymous (undated).
Page 71 and 72:
Kinnaird, M.F. and O'Brien, T.G. (1
Page 73 and 74:
Sheppard, C. and Dierenfeld, E. (20
Page 75 and 76:
LABOKLIN Prinzregentenstr. 3 D- 976
Page 77 and 78:
CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE LACTATE DEHY
Page 79 and 80:
22. Lymphnodes 23. Ribs 24. Diaphra
Page 81 and 82:
Hornbill species Other species in O
Page 83 and 84:
Hornbill species Other species in s
Page 85 and 86:
Species # feedings a day Food items
Page 87 and 88:
Appendix 11.G Nest entrance forms u
Page 89 and 90:
Appendix 11.I San Diego Zoo avian p
Page 91 and 92:
Day Brooder/ Temp in F. 27 Move to
Page 93 and 94:
Appendix 11.J Ethogram of Social In
show all

EAZA Hornbill Management and Husbandry Guidelines

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?