Cracking the Coding Interview - Fooo

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Solutions to Chapter 11 | System Design and Memory Limits 127.30 52.73 60.27 50.29 54.91 . . . Benefits: » Very easy to distribute This is one reason that XML is a standard data model to share / distribute data » Efficient parsers are available to parse the data and extract out only desired data » We can add new data to the XML file by carefully appending data We would not have to re-query the database However, querying the data could be difficult CareerCup com 1 9 8
Solutions to Chapter 11 | System Design and Memory Limits 11 2 How would you design the data structures for a very large social network (Facebook, LinkedIn, etc)? Describe how you would design an algorithm to show the connection, or path, between two people (e g , Me -> Bob -> Susan -> Jason -> You) SOLUTION Approach: Forget that we’re dealing with millions of users at first Design this for the simple case 1 9 9 Cracking the Coding Interview | Concepts and Algorithms pg 72 We can construct a graph by assuming every person is a node and if there is an edge between two nodes, then the two people are friends with each other class Person { Person[] friends; // Other info } If I want to find the connection between two people, I would start with one person and do a simple breadth first search But... oh no! Millions of users! When we deal with a service the size of Orkut or Facebook, we cannot possibly keep all of our data on one machine That means that our simple Person data structure from above doesn’t quite work—our friends may not live on the same machine as us Instead, we can replace our list of friends with a list of their IDs, and traverse as follows: 1 For each friend ID: int machine_index = lookupMachineForUserID(id); 2 Go to machine machine_index 3 Person friend = lookupFriend(machine_index); There are more optimizations and follow up questions here than we could possibly discuss, but here are just a few thoughts Optimization: Reduce Machine Jumps Jumping from one machine to another is expensive Instead of randomly jumping from machine to machine with each friend, try to batch these jumps—e g , if 5 of my friends live on one machine, I should look them up all at once Optimization: Smart Division of People and Machines People are much more likely to be friends with people who live in the same country as them Rather than randomly dividing people up across machines, try to divvy them up by country, city, state, etc This will reduce the number of jumps Question: Breadth First Search usually requires “marking” a node as visited. How do you do that in
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CRACKING THE C O D I N G I N T E R
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CRACKING THE C O D I N G I N T E R
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Table of Contents Foreword 4 Introd
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Dear Readers, CareerCup com Forewor
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My Approach Introduction The focus
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Behind the Scenes | The Microsoft I
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Behind the Scenes | The Google Inte
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Behind the Scenes | The Yahoo Inter
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Interview War Stories the next few
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Interview War Stories | Failure to
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Interview War Stories | You Can (Ma
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Before the Interview
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Before the Interview | Resume Advic
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Before the Interview | Behavioral P
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What You Need To Know Before the In
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At the Interview | Handling Behavio
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At the Interview | Handling Technic
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At the Interview | Handling Technic
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At the Interview | Five Algorithm A
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At the Interview | The Offer and Be
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At the Interview | Top Ten Mistakes
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At the Interview | Frequently Asked
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Interview Questions How This Book i
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Part 1 Data Structures
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Chapter 1 | Arrays and Strings 1 1
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2 1 Write code to remove duplicates
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Chapter 3 | Stacks and Queues 3 1 D
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Chapter 4 | Trees and Graphs 4 1 Im
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Chapter 5 | Bit Manipulation How to
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Chapter 6 | Brain Teasers Do compan
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Chapter 7 | Object Oriented Design
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Chapter 8 | Recursion How to Recogn
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Chapter 9 | Sorting and Searching H
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Chapter 10 | Mathematical How to Ap
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Chapter 11 | Testing Testing Proble
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Chapter 12 | System Design and Memo
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Part 3 Knowledge Based
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Chapter 13 | C++ 13 1 Write a metho
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Chapter 14 | Java 14 1 In terms of
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Chapter 15 | Databases 15 1 Write a
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Chapter 16 | Low Level 16 1 Explain
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Chapter 17 | Networking 17 1 Explai
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Chapter 18 | Threads and Locks 18 1
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Chapter 19 | Moderate 19 1 Write a
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Chapter 20 | Hard 20 1 Write a func
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Each problem may have many 'optimal
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Solutions to Chapter 1 | Arrays and
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Solutions to Chapter 2 | Linked Lis
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Approach 2: Solutions to Chapter 3
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Solutions to Chapter 3 | Stacks and
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Solutions to Chapter 4 | Trees and
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Solutions to Chapter 6 | Brain Teas
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Solutions to Chapter 6 | Brain Teas
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Solutions to Chapter 17 | Networkin
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Solutions to Chapter 18 | Threads a
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Solutions to Chapter 19 | Moderate
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Solutions to Chapter 20 | Hard 20 1
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Solutions to Chapter 20 | Hard 17 }
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M matrixes 101, 102, 163, 169, 184,
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About the Author Gayle Laakmann’s
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