Bwa-yo - Société Audubon Haiti

176 Pesfs and Diseases
genic fungi that occur worldwide in plantations include Armillaria mellea (Vahl)
Kummer, Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands., Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cooke, and
Gylindrocladium spp.
References: CATIE, 1992; Francis, 1992b.
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Species: Pinus occidentalis Sw.
Creole Name: bwa pen
Family: Pinaceae
Insect Pests: Bark beetles (Ips interstitialis, I. calligraphus and Dendroctonus frontalis)
attack wood or xylem surface by constructing galleries and leaving pellet-size round
exit holes. Dirphia plana defoliates trees. The larvae of the Nantucket pine tip moth
(Rhyacionia frustrana) bore into the base of needles and feed on bud tissue. The cottony
cushion scale (Icerya purchasi) attacks seedlings in Haiti. The gall midge
(Retinodiplosis forsii) forms galls in the base of pine needles in which are found brightly-colored
larvae. An unidentified defoliator (Lepidoptera: Citheroniinae) causes serious
damage to the tree in Haiti. Many insect pests of P. caribaea are potential pests of
P. occidentalis, though few studies have been conducted.
Other Pests: Parasitic mistletoe (Arceuthobium bicarinatum, Dendropemon pycnophyllis,
and Dendrophtoras spp.) is considered a serious pest on Hispaniola, severely
restricting growth potentials.
Diseases: A foliar blight and damping off diseases ofuncertain causes have been reported
in seedling nurseries in Haiti.
References: CATIE, 1992; Darrow and Zanoni, 1991; Josiah and Allen-Reid, 1991;
Runion et aI., 1990.
Species: Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.
Family: Fabaceae (=Leguminosae)
Insect Pests: Larvae of Subpandesma anysa Gn. attack the fruit and seeds in Hawaii.
A hemipteran insect (Umbonia crassicornis Amyot & Serville) is a pest in Puerto Rico.
Larvae of Indarbela sp. bore into the bark of trees in India. Polydesma umbricola is a
serious pest on the island of Reunion in the Indian Ocean.
Diseases: Leaf spot pathogens include Cercospora mimosae Agarwal & Sharma,
Colletotrichum dematium Pers. ex Fr., C. pithecellobii Roldan, Phyllosticta ingae-dulcis
Died., and P. pithecellobii Shreemali in India. Heart rot (Phellinus sp.) has been
reported in India.
Reference: Parrotta, 1991.
Species: Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.
Creole Names: bayawonn, gwatapana
Family: Fabaceae (=Leguminosae)
Insect Pests: The bruchid beetle (Algarobius prosopis) invades the seed pods. Psyllids
have been reported to defoliate the tree. Wood is subject to attack by marine borers
(Toredo spp.). The sapwood is highly susceptible to powder post beetles (Lyctus spp.).
Reference: NFTA, 1987.