LEWIS WILLIAMS, PHD

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South west of Otanewainuku and the nameless one stood Puwhenua, a shapely mountain clothed in the shades of the children of tane. The nameless one desired the beautiful Puwhenua, but her heart was already won by Otanewainuku. In despair the nameless one decided to drown himself within Te Moana Nui a Kiwa. The Patupaiarehe (faries) who possessed special powers and dwelt in the forests of Hautere, went to the assistance of their friend so that his wish to be submerged at the bottom of Kiwa would be fulfilled. As they pulled on the ropes which embraced the nameless one, he began to move, the Patupaiarehe chanting: E hika tu ake Arise you who slumber Ki runga ra whiti ki taua Prepare yourselves Hei Tama tu Prove our manhood Ku mea ki te uru Heave to the West Ku mea ki te tonga Pull to the South Hiki nuku Move earth Hiki rangi And heaven I ara ra There it loosens Ka ngarue, Ka ngarue It shudders Toia ki te hau marangai Haul to the rainy quarter Kia whakarongo taku kiri That my skin may feel Te kikini a te rehutai The tang of the salt spray O nga ngaru whatiwhati To the boisterous sprays (of the breaking waves) E haruru mai nei Thundering on the shore Wi wi wi Wi wi wi Wa wa wa Wa wa wa A ha ha A ha ha A hora hia o mata Cast your eyes Kia Meremere tuahiahi Heavenwards to Venus Hei taki I te ara To light the path Kia Tangaroa To Tangaroa He atua Hao The insatiable God I te tini ki te po Who lures the multitude to the great beyond E kokoia, e ara ra Alas the dawn has come, the birds awaken The Maunga’s journey from his place next to Otanewainuku down to the sea is intricately linked to the formation of the other natural surrounds: 4
The Patupaiarehe hauled the nameless one to the sea by way of Te Waoku. In doing so, the valley where the Waimapu river flows was created. As they hauled, the nameless one, panted and sobbed ‘ka haere ka mapu, ka haere ka mapu’, hence the name applied to the river waimapu. They continued to pull the nameless one right to the edge of the kiwa, along the channel of the Tauranga Moana past Hairini, Maungatapu, Matapihi and Te Papa. Day break was near. The Sun rose. The first rays lit up the summit of the nameless hill and fixed him to that place. Being people of the night, the Patupaiarehe were unable to continue and fled back to the covers of Hautere. Thus the Patupaiarehe named the maunga ‘Mauao’. In time Mauao was to assume greater mana than his rival Otanewainuku. Archaeologists can tell us that the history of Mauao dates back to around four million years when the Maunga was formed as a result of a volcanic explosion. Around 65,000 years ago volcanic ash deposits from Okataina, Taupo, Maroa and Tuhua helped to form the lower slopes of Mauao. Evidence of occupation dates back to around 1280; a rich geneology of stories tells of its successive occupations by Nga Marama, Waitaha and Ngāti Ranginui right up to the battle of Kokowai when it was taken by Ngāi Te Rangi, 5 . During the time of its occupation by Waitaha and Ngāti Ranginui, Mauao was the site of an immensely fortified pa with Waitaha occupying its ocean-ward side and Ngāti Ranginui its harbour side. Following the battle of Kokowai, the summit of Mauao was not inhabited again. A few Ngāi Te Rangi, hapu settled around the Maunga`s base. Mauao was abandoned by Ngāi Te Rangi, following the murder of a large number of their people there in 1820. It is said more than 400 people were killed with a further 260 taken prisoner 6 . Referring to these times, Brian Dickson comments: ‚Mauao really is a wahi tapu for Māori. Battles have taken place there and the blood of our ancestors has been spilt. Ngāi Te Rangi, engaged in a battle on Mauao (referring to the Battle of Kokowai) and there were other battles that also took place around Mauao with other tribes….. 5 Mauao Historic Reserve Vesting Bill (2008). Hansard and Journals (Hansard Debates), Volume 647, 15950; Mauao I, Waitangi Tribunal Casebook, Tauranga Moana Claims, 1997. 6 Ngāi Te Rangi, Rununga website. www.ngaitērā ngi.org.nz 5
Page 1 and 2: Mauao June 2010 Ngaroimata Cavill,
Page 3: Today, the iwi of the Tauranga moan
Page 7 and 8: Te Waka Mauao is a taonga which has
Page 9 and 10: Tākitimu The Tākitimu Waka, carry
Page 11 and 12: Ngāi Te Rangi, have fought hard fo
Page 13 and 14: “We fought everywhere. From the t
Page 15 and 16: meeting with John Balance, minister
Page 17 and 18: Ngai Tukairangi marae, the Whareroa
Page 19 and 20: harbour as it adjoins and is intima
Page 21 and 22: More change comes to Tauranga Moana
Page 23 and 24: The elders share a number of perspe
Page 25 and 26: important to particular tribal grou
Page 27 and 28: For Maria Ngatai the future lies in
Page 29 and 30: Appendix A Beginnings This small sc
Page 31: Throughout the data presentation I

LEWIS WILLIAMS, PHD

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