name and status changes of fraternal benefit societies - American ...
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name and status changes of fraternal benefit societies - American ...
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NAME AND STATUS CHANGES<br />
OF FRATERNAL BENEFIT SOCIETIES<br />
ACA Assurance, Manchester, N.H. — Merged with Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> the Royal Arcanum, 2010.<br />
Adam Mickiewicz Society <strong>of</strong> Jersey City, Jersey City, N.J. — Merged with Association <strong>of</strong> the Sons <strong>of</strong> Pol<strong>and</strong> in 1905.<br />
Afro-<strong>American</strong> Sons & Daughters, Yazoo City, Miss. — Declared absolvent in 1973.<br />
Aid Association for Lutherans, Appleton, Wis. – Merged with Lutheran Brotherhood to form the Thrivent Financial for Lutherans in<br />
2002.<br />
Aid Association for Lutherans in Wisconsin <strong>and</strong> Other States, Appleton, Wis. — Name changed to Aid Association for Lutherans in<br />
1910.<br />
Alianza, Tucson, Ariz. — Declared absolvent in 1967.<br />
Alianza Hispano-<strong>American</strong>a, Tucson, Ariz. — Name changed to Alianza in 1961.<br />
Alliance Nationale, Montreal, Quebec — Converted to a mutual company in 1948.<br />
Alliance <strong>of</strong> Poles in the State <strong>of</strong> Ohio, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Name changed to Alliance <strong>of</strong> Poles in America in 1918.<br />
Alliance <strong>of</strong> Poles in America, Clevel<strong>and</strong> Ohio — Name changed to Alliance <strong>of</strong> Poles <strong>of</strong> America in 1962.<br />
Alliance <strong>of</strong> Poles <strong>of</strong> America, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio – Merged with Polish Roman Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> America in 2005.<br />
Alliance <strong>of</strong> Polish Turners <strong>of</strong> the United States <strong>of</strong> America, Chicago, Ill. — Name changed to Polish Falcons Alliance <strong>of</strong> America in<br />
1914.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Benefit Society, Boston, Mass. — Disb<strong>and</strong>ed in 1931.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Catholic Union — Merged with Catholic Family Protective Life Assurance Society in 1939.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Family Society, Oak Brook Terrace, Ill. – Insurance license cancelled in 2001.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Fraternal Benefit Society, Houston, Texas – Insurance license cancelled in 2003.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Fraternal Insurance Society, Chicago, Ill. — Merged with Workmen’s Benefit Fund <strong>of</strong> the USA in 1971.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Fraternal League — Merged with North <strong>American</strong> Union Life Assurance Society in 1904.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Hungarian Catholic Society, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Merged with William Penn Assn in 1980.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Insurance Union, Columbus, Ohio — Reincorporated as <strong>American</strong> Insurance Union, Inc. in 1931.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Legion <strong>of</strong> Honor, Boston, Mass. — Into receivership in 1904.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Life Insurance Association, Bridgeport, Conn. — Merged with William Penn Assn in 1979.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Lithuanian Roman Catholic Women’s Alliance, Riverside, Ill. – Dissolved in 1989.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Nobles, Waterloo, Ohio — Merged with Fraternal Union <strong>of</strong> America, Denver in 1912.
<strong>American</strong> Order <strong>of</strong> Druids, Fall River, Mass. – Disb<strong>and</strong>ed in early 1900s.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Order <strong>of</strong> Sons <strong>of</strong> St. George, Chicago, Ill. — Name changed to St. George Fraternal Insurance Society in 1936.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Postal Workers' Accident Benefit Association, Portsmouth, Mass. — Name changed to <strong>American</strong> Postal Workers Benefit<br />
Association.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Pro Life Assurance Society, Park Ridge, Ill. — Name changed to <strong>American</strong> Family Society in 1994.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Sick Benefit <strong>and</strong> Life Insurance Assn, Bridgeport, Conn. — Name changed to <strong>American</strong> Life Ins. Assn in 1948.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Stars <strong>of</strong> Equity — Reinsured with North <strong>American</strong> Union Life Assurance Society in 1913.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Union Polish Brotherhood <strong>of</strong> St. Joseph — Merged with Alliance <strong>of</strong> Poles <strong>of</strong> America in 1967.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Woodmen, Supreme Camp <strong>of</strong>, St. Louis, MO. – Converted to a mutual company, <strong>American</strong> Woodmen Life Insurance<br />
Company, in 1967. Subsequently, merged with Crusaders Life Insurance Company. Returned to the <strong>fraternal</strong> <strong>benefit</strong> arena in<br />
1978. Subsequently, merged with Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World <strong>and</strong>/or Assured Life Association in 1994.<br />
<strong>American</strong> Workmen Life Insurance Society, Washington, D.C. — Converted to a mutual company, <strong>American</strong> Home Mutual Life<br />
Insurance Company, in 1941.<br />
Ancient Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters <strong>of</strong> America — Name changed to Foresters <strong>of</strong> America in 1895.<br />
Ancient Order <strong>of</strong> Gleaners, Adrian, Mich. — Name changed to Gleaner Life Insurance Society in 1931.<br />
Ancient Order <strong>of</strong> Canadian Home Circles, Ontario – Merged with the Independent Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 1926.<br />
Ancient Order <strong>of</strong> Hibernians, New York, N.Y. – Name changed to Ancient Order <strong>of</strong> Hibernians <strong>of</strong> America in 1884.<br />
Ancient Order <strong>of</strong> Pyramids, Springfield, Mo. – Disb<strong>and</strong>ed in early 1900s.<br />
Ancient Order <strong>of</strong> United Workmen (Gr<strong>and</strong> Lodges <strong>of</strong>):<br />
Alabama — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Arkansas in 1925.<br />
Alberta – Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Canadian Northwest in 1921.<br />
Arizona — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Kansas.<br />
Arkansas, Little Rock — Reinsured by National St<strong>and</strong>ard Life Insurance Company in 1930.<br />
British Columbia, Victoria — Liquidated in 1952.<br />
California — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> North Dakota.<br />
Canadian Northwest, Winnipeg, Manitoba — Name changed to Pioneer Fraternal Association in 1959.<br />
Colorado — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Kansas.<br />
Connecticut, New Haven — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> North Dakota in 1930.<br />
Delaware, Wilmington — Reincorporated as Delaware Mutual Life Insurance Company in 1945.<br />
District <strong>of</strong> Columbia — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> West Virginia in 1925.<br />
Florida — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Arkansas in 1925.<br />
Georgia — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Arkansas in 1925.<br />
Idaho — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> North Dakota in 1917.<br />
Illinois — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Iowa in 1917.<br />
Indiana — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Iowa in 1917.<br />
Iowa, Des Moines — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> North Dakota in 1932.<br />
Kansas, Newton — Name changed to First Kansas Life Insurance Association.<br />
Kentucky — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Iowa in 1915.<br />
Louisiana — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Arkansas in 1925.<br />
Maine, Hallowell — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Massachusetts in 1929.<br />
Manitoba – Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Canadian Northwest in 1921.<br />
Maryl<strong>and</strong> — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> West Virginia.<br />
Massachusetts, Boston — Merged with New Engl<strong>and</strong> Order <strong>of</strong> Protection in 1941.<br />
Michigan — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Iowa.<br />
Minnesota, St. Paul — Name changed to Early <strong>American</strong> Life Insurance Association in 1957.<br />
Mississippi — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Arkansas in 1925.<br />
Missouri, St. Louis — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Iowa.<br />
Montana — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> North Dakota in 1912.
Nebraska, Gr<strong>and</strong> Isl<strong>and</strong> — Reincorporated as Pathfinder Life Insurance Company, in 1934; reinsured by Postal Life in 1943.<br />
Nevada — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> North Dakota in 1917.<br />
New Hampshire — Merged with AOUW Connecticut.<br />
New Jersey — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Connecticut.<br />
New Mexico — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Kansas.<br />
New York — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Connecticut.<br />
North Carolina — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Arkansas.<br />
North Dakota — Converted to a mutual company, Pioneer Mutual Life Insurance Company, in 1947.<br />
Ohio — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> West Virginia.<br />
Oklahoma, Guthrie — United Founders 5-4-1956.<br />
Ontario — Merged with Independent Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 1926.<br />
Oregon, Portl<strong>and</strong> — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> North Dakota in 1931.<br />
Pennsylvania — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Delaware in 1919.<br />
Rhode Isl<strong>and</strong>, Providence — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Massachusetts in 1930.<br />
Saskatchewan – Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Canadian Northwest in 1921.<br />
South Carolina — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Arkansas in 1925.<br />
South Dakota — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> North Dakota in 1929.<br />
Tennessee — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Arkansas in 1925.<br />
Texas — Into Receivership in 1944.<br />
Utah — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> North Dakota in 1917.<br />
Washington, Seattle — Became Supreme Lodge AOUW in 1966; reinsured with Early <strong>American</strong> Life Insurance Co. in 1976.<br />
West Virginia, Wheeling — Merged with Protected Home Circle in 1962.<br />
Wisconsin — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> Iowa.<br />
Wyoming — Merged with AOUW <strong>of</strong> North Dakota in 1917.<br />
Artisans Life Association, Portl<strong>and</strong>, Ore. — Merged with The Maccabees in 1938.<br />
Associacao Portuguesa Protectora e Beneficiente — Name changed to Benevolent Society <strong>of</strong> California in 1948.<br />
Associacao Protectora Uniao Madeirense do Estado da California, Hayward, Calif. - Merged with Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> IDES in<br />
1999.<br />
Association Canado-Americaine, Manchester, N.H. — Name changed to ACA Assurance in 1997.<br />
Association <strong>of</strong> Lithuanian Workers (Lietuviu Darbibibkku Susivienijimas), Middletown, N.Y. — Merged with Supreme Council <strong>of</strong><br />
the Royal Arcanum in 2006.<br />
Association <strong>of</strong> Poles in the East — Merged with Association <strong>of</strong> the Sons <strong>of</strong> Pol<strong>and</strong> in 1924.<br />
Association <strong>of</strong> Polish Women in the United States, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Merged with Polish National Alliance <strong>of</strong> the United States <strong>of</strong><br />
North America in 1990.<br />
Assurance League <strong>of</strong> America, New York, N.Y. — Merged with Golden Seal Assurance Society, Roxbury, N. Y. in 1912.<br />
Bavarian National Association <strong>of</strong> North America, Buffalo, N.Y. — Merged with Unity Life <strong>and</strong> Accident Insurance Association in<br />
1934.<br />
Beavers Reserve Fund Fraternity, Madison, Wis. — Name changed to Beavers National Mutual Benefit in 1916.<br />
Beavers National Mutual Benefit, Madison Wis. — Name changed to National Mutual Benefit in 1931.<br />
Ben Hur, Supreme Tribe – see Supreme Tribe Ben Hur.<br />
Ben Hur Life Association, Crawfordsville, Ind. — Converted to a commercial company, USA Life Insurance, in 1988.<br />
Beneficial Union, The, Pittsburgh, Pa. – Name changed to Greater Beneficial Union <strong>of</strong> Pittsburgh in 1941.<br />
Benevolent Society <strong>of</strong> California — Merged with Portuguese Continental Union <strong>of</strong> California to form United National Life Insurance<br />
Society in 1957.<br />
Bnai Zion, New York, N.Y. – Changed to a social society in 2001.<br />
Bohemian <strong>American</strong> Foresters, Chicago, Ill. – Name changed to Bohemian <strong>American</strong> Foresters <strong>and</strong> Ladies in 1904.<br />
Bohemian <strong>American</strong> Foresters <strong>and</strong> Ladies, Chicago, Ill. — Joined in organizing Czechoslovak Society <strong>of</strong> America in 1933.
Bohemian <strong>American</strong> Union, Chicago, Ill. — Merged with Czechoslovak Society <strong>of</strong> America in 1939.<br />
Bohemian <strong>American</strong> Unity – Merged with Czechoslovak Society <strong>of</strong> America in 1934.<br />
Bohemian Catholic First Central Union, Chicago, Ill. — Name changed to Catholic Central Union in 1944.<br />
Bohemian Roman Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> Texas, Shriner, Texas — Name changed to Czech Roman Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> Texas in 1941.<br />
Bohemian Roman Catholic Women's Union <strong>of</strong> Texas, Austin, Texas — Name changed to Union <strong>of</strong> Czech Catholic Women <strong>of</strong> Texas<br />
in 1970.<br />
Bohemian Slavonic Benevolent Society, St. Louis, Mo. – Name changed to Czech-Slovak Protective Society in 1922.<br />
Bohemian Slavonic Union, Berwyn, Ill. — Joined in organizing the Czechoslovak Society <strong>of</strong> America in 1933.<br />
Bohemian Slovanic Fraternal Benefit Union, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Joined in organizing the Czechoslovak Society <strong>of</strong> America in 1933.<br />
Brith Abraham, New York, N.Y. – Merged with Bnai Zion in 1981.<br />
Brith Sholom, Philadelphia, Pa. — Discontinued insurance programs in 1989.<br />
Brotherhood <strong>of</strong> America, Philadelphia, Pa. — Merged with The Maccabees in 1935<br />
Brotherhood <strong>of</strong> <strong>American</strong> Yeoman, Des Moines, Iowa — Reincorporated as Yeomen Mutual Life Insurance Company in 1932;<br />
<strong>American</strong> Mutual Life in 1938.<br />
Brotherhood <strong>of</strong> Locomotive Firemen <strong>and</strong> Enginemen, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Merged into United Transportation Union Insurance<br />
Association, Inc. in 1971.<br />
Brotherhood <strong>of</strong> Railroad Trainmen, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Merged into United Transportation Union Insurance Assn, Inc. in 1971.<br />
Brotherhood <strong>of</strong> the Footboard, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio – Name changed to Locomotive Engineers Mutual Life & Accident Insurance<br />
Association.<br />
Buffalo Life Association, Buffalo, N.Y. — Reincorporated as Buffalo Mutual Life Insurance Company in 1932.<br />
Canadian Foresters Life Insurance Society, Brantford, Ontario — Merged with Independent Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 1992.<br />
Canadian Order <strong>of</strong> Chosen Friends, Hamilton, Ontario — Name changed to Reliable Life Insurance Society in 1943.<br />
Canadian Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters, Brantford, Ontario — Name changed to Canadian Foresters Life Insurance Society in 1969.<br />
Canadian Order <strong>of</strong> Home Circles – Merged with Independent Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 1926.<br />
Canadian Slovak League, Toronto, Ontario – Disb<strong>and</strong>ed in 2003.<br />
Catholic Aid Association, St. Paul, Minn. — Name changed to Catholic United Financial in 2010.<br />
Catholic Aid Association <strong>of</strong> Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn. — Name changed to Catholic Aid Association in 1955.<br />
Catholic Benevolent Legion, Brooklyn, N.Y. — Merged with Knights <strong>of</strong> Columbus in 1969.<br />
Catholic Benevolent Legion <strong>of</strong> Indiana, Fort Wayne, Ind. — Reinsured by Lincoln National Life Insurance Company in 1951.<br />
Catholic Central Union, Chicago, Ill. — Merged with Catholic Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 1965.<br />
Catholic Family Life Insurance, Milwaukee, Wis. — Merged with Catholic Knights on June 30, 2010, to become Catholic Financial<br />
Life.<br />
Catholic Family Protective Association <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis. — Name changed to Catholic Family Protective Life<br />
Assurance Society in 1938.
Catholic Family Protective Life Assurance Society, Milwaukee, Wis. — Name changed to Catholic Family Life Ins. in 1950.<br />
Catholic Fraternal Life, Belleville, Ill. — Merged with The Holy Family Society <strong>of</strong> Joliet, Ill., on Jan. 1, 2008, to become The Catholic<br />
Holy Family Society.<br />
Catholic Knights, Milwaukee, Wis. — Merged with Catholic Family Life Insurance on June 30, 2010, to become Catholic Financial Life.<br />
Catholic Knights <strong>and</strong> Ladies <strong>of</strong> America, Chicago, Ill. — Merged with Columbian Circle in 1918.<br />
Catholic Knights <strong>and</strong> Ladies <strong>of</strong> Illinois, Belleville, Ill. — Name changed to Catholic Fraternal Life in 1996.<br />
Catholic Knights Insurance Society, Milwaukee, Wis. — Name changed to Catholic Knights in 2000.<br />
Catholic Knights <strong>of</strong> America, St. Louis, Mo. – Merged with Catholic Knights in 2005.<br />
Catholic Knights <strong>of</strong> Honor, Nashville, Tenn. – Name changed to Catholic Knights <strong>of</strong> America in 1877.<br />
Catholic Knights <strong>of</strong> Illinois, Belleville, Ill. — Name changed to Catholic Knights <strong>and</strong> Ladies <strong>of</strong> Illinois in 1921.<br />
Catholic Knights <strong>of</strong> Ohio – Merged with Catholic Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 2007.<br />
Catholic Knights <strong>of</strong> St. George, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Merged with William Penn Assn in 1983.<br />
Catholic Knights <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis. — Name changed to Catholic Knights Insurance Society in 1961.<br />
Catholic Ladies <strong>of</strong> Ohio, Columbus, Ohio — Name changed to Catholic Ladies <strong>of</strong> Columbia in 1908.<br />
Catholic Life Insurance Union, San Antonio, Texas — Name changed to Catholic Life Insurance in 1999.<br />
Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, Buffalo, N.Y. — Merged with <strong>American</strong> Insurance Union in 1920.<br />
Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, Montreal, Quebec — Merged with Independent Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 1952.<br />
Catholic Slovak Brotherhood, Braddock, Pa. — Merged with First Catholic Slovak Ladies Assn <strong>of</strong> the USA in 1970.<br />
Catholic State League <strong>of</strong> Texas, San Antonio, Texas — Name changed to Catholic Life Insurance Union in 1936.<br />
Catholic Women Benevolent Legion, New York, N.Y. — Merged with Loyal Christian Benefit Association in 1973.<br />
Catholic Women's Fraternal <strong>of</strong> Texas, Austin, Texas — Name changed to Catholic Family Fraternal <strong>of</strong> Texas-KJZT in 1983.<br />
Catholic Workman, New Prague, Minn. — Merged with First Catholic Slovak Ladies Association <strong>of</strong> the USA in 2004.<br />
Central Benefit Association — Merged with North <strong>American</strong> Union Life Assurance Society in 1937.<br />
Central Verb<strong>and</strong> der Siebenburger Sachsen <strong>of</strong> the U.S., Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Name changed to Alliance <strong>of</strong> Transylvanian Saxons in<br />
1965.<br />
Chicago Fraternal Life Association, Chicago, Ill. — Merged with North <strong>American</strong> Union Life Assurance Society in 1937.<br />
Christian Burden Bearers' Association, Manchester, N.H. — Converted to a mutual company, Christian Mutual Life Insurance<br />
Company, in 1948.<br />
Christian Mutual Benevolent Association, Kirkl<strong>and</strong>, Wash. — Merged with Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World (Colorado) in 1962.<br />
Church Fraternal — Merged with North <strong>American</strong> Union Life Assurance Society in 1913.<br />
Clevel<strong>and</strong> Hungarian Young Men's <strong>and</strong> Ladies' Society, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Merged with Hungarian Reformed Federation <strong>of</strong><br />
America in 1961.<br />
Clevel<strong>and</strong> Slovak Union, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Merged with the National Slovak Society <strong>of</strong> the USA in 1945.<br />
Columbian Circle, Chicago, Ill. — Name changed to Chicago Life Association in 1927.
Columbian Mutual Assurance Society, Atlanta, Ga. — Converted to a mutual company, Columbian Mutual Life, in 1926.<br />
Columbian Woodmen, Atlanta, Ga. — Name changed to Columbian Mutual Assurance Society in 1922.<br />
Columbian Woodmen <strong>of</strong> Mississippi — Merged with Columbian Mutual Life Association in 1922.<br />
Concordia Gegenseitiger Unterstuetzungs-Verein, Chicago, Ill. — Name changed to Concordia Mutual Benefit Society in 1908.<br />
Concordia Mutual Benefit League, Chicago, Ill. — Name changed to Concordia Mutual Life Association in 1948.<br />
Concordia Mutual Benefit Society, Chicago, Ill. — Name changed to Concordia Mutual Benefit League in 1912.<br />
Concordia Mutual Life Association, Downers Grove, Ill. — Merged with the National Mutual Benefit in 2001.<br />
Conestoga Fraternal Insurance Association, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Merged with ISDA Fraternal Association in 1969.<br />
Conselho Supremo da Irm<strong>and</strong>ade do Divino Espirito Santo, Hayward, CA – See Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> IDES.<br />
Conselho Supremo da Sociedade do Divino Espirito Santo, Santa Clara, CA – See Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> SES.<br />
Continental Beneficial Association, Philadelphia, Pa. — Into receivership in 1917.<br />
Court <strong>of</strong> Honor, Springfield, Ill. — Incorporated as Springfield Life in 1924; Merged with Abraham Lincoln Life in 1931; reinsured by<br />
Illinois Bankers Life in 1935.<br />
Croatian Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> the USA, Hobart, Ind. — Merged with Croatian Fraternal Union <strong>of</strong> America in 2006.<br />
Croatian League <strong>of</strong> Illinois, Chicago, Ill. — Merged with Croatian Fraternal Union <strong>of</strong> America in 1925.<br />
Czech Catholic Clevel<strong>and</strong> Union <strong>of</strong> Men, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Merged with Czech Catholic Union in 1939.<br />
Czech Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> Texas, The KJT, LaGrange, Texas — Name changed to Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> Texas (The KJT) in 1990.<br />
Czech Ladies Benevolent Society, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Merged with Czechoslovak Society <strong>of</strong> America in 1949.<br />
Czech Roman Catholic Central Union <strong>of</strong> <strong>American</strong> Women, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Merged with Czech Roman Catholic Central Union<br />
<strong>of</strong> Women in 1936.<br />
Czech Roman Catholic Central Union <strong>of</strong> Women, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Name changed to Czech Catholic Union in 1938.<br />
Czech Roman Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> Texas — Name changed to Czech Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> Texas in 1946.<br />
Czech Roman Catholic Women's Union <strong>of</strong> Texas, Austin, Texas — Name changed to Union <strong>of</strong> Czech Catholic Women <strong>of</strong> Texas in<br />
1943.<br />
Czecho-Slovak Protective Society, St. Louis, Mo. — Joined in organizing Czechoslovak Society <strong>of</strong> America in 1933.<br />
Czechoslovak Society <strong>of</strong> America, Berwyn, Ill. — Name changed to CSA Fraternal Life in 1982.<br />
Czechoslovakian Workmen's Benevolent Association, St. Paul, Minn. — Merged with Western Bohemian Fraternal Association in<br />
1929.<br />
Danish Brotherhood in America, Omaha, Neb. — Merged with Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World <strong>and</strong>/or Assured Life Assn in 1995.<br />
Daughters <strong>of</strong> Norway, Minneapolis, Minn. — Merged with Sons <strong>of</strong> Norway in 1950.<br />
Degree <strong>of</strong> Honor <strong>of</strong> Kansas, Winfield, Kan. — Merged with Fidelity Life Association in 1936.<br />
Degree <strong>of</strong> Honor (Ancient Order <strong>of</strong> United Workmen <strong>of</strong> Iowa), Sioux City, Iowa — Merged with Degree <strong>of</strong> Honor Protective<br />
Association.<br />
Early <strong>American</strong> Life Insurance Association, St. Paul, Minn. — Converted to a mutual company in 1964.
Equitable Aid Union <strong>of</strong> America, Columbus, Pa. — Into receivership in 1897.<br />
Equitable Fraternal Union, Neenah, Wis. — Combined with Fraternal Reserve Assn to form Equitable Reserve Assn in 1929.<br />
Equitable Reserve Association, Neenah, Wis. — Merged into Modern Woodmen <strong>of</strong> America November 1, 2012.<br />
Evangelical Slovak Women's Union <strong>of</strong> America, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Combined with Slovak Evangelical Union to form the United<br />
Lutheran Society in 1962.<br />
Farmers Life Insurance Association, Humbird, Wis. — Merged with National Mutual Benefit in 1931.<br />
Federal Life Insurance <strong>of</strong> America, Greenfield, Wis. — Merged with Polish Roman Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> America in 2005<br />
Federation <strong>of</strong> Poles in America, Milwaukee, Wis. — Name changed to Federation Life Insurance <strong>of</strong> America in 1924.<br />
Federation Life Insurance <strong>of</strong> America, Greenfield, Wis. – Merged with Polish Roman Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> America in 2005.<br />
Federation <strong>of</strong> Polish Catholic Laymen, Milwaukee, Wis. — Name changed to the Federation <strong>of</strong> Poles in <strong>American</strong> in 1913.<br />
Federation <strong>of</strong> United Serbs — Merged with Serbian Orthodox Society Srbobran to form the Srbobran Sloga United Societies.<br />
First Catholic Slovak Ladies Union <strong>of</strong> USA, Beachwood, Ohio — Name changed to First Catholic Slovak Ladies Association <strong>of</strong> the<br />
USA in 1967.<br />
First Kansas Life Insurance Association, Newton, Kan. — Converted to a mutual company, First Kansas Life Insurance Company, in<br />
1970.<br />
First Slovak Wreath <strong>of</strong> the Free Eagle, Stratford, Conn. — Merged with National Slovak Society <strong>of</strong> the USA in 1997.<br />
Foresters Franco Americains, Woonsocket, R.I. — Merged with Association Canado-Americaine in 1939.<br />
Fraternal Aid Association, Lawrence, Kan. — Combined with Fraternal Union <strong>of</strong> America to form Fraternal Aid Union in 1923.<br />
Fraternal Aid Union, Lawrence, Kan. — Name changed to St<strong>and</strong>ard Life Association in 1933.<br />
Fraternal Bankers Reserve Society, Cedar Rapids, Iowa — Merged with Fraternal Aid Union in 1916.<br />
Fraternal Brotherhood, Los Angeles, Calif. — Name changed to Golden West Life Insurance Association in 1931.<br />
Fraternal Home Insurance Society, Philadelphia, Pa. — Merged with The Maccabees in 1937.<br />
Fraternal Life <strong>and</strong> Accident Association, Richmond, Va. — Reinsured with the Order <strong>of</strong> Golden Seal.<br />
Fraternal Mystic Circle, Philadelphia, Pa. — Name changed to Fraternal Home Insurance Society.<br />
Fraternal Order <strong>of</strong> Rangers, Oshkosh, Wis. — Merged with Beavers National Mutual Benefit in 1916.<br />
Fraternal Reserve Assn, Oshkosh, Wis. — Joined with Equitable Fraternal Union to form Equitable Reserve Assn in 1929.<br />
Fraternal Reserve Life Association, Peoria, Ill. — Merged with <strong>American</strong> Insurance Union in 1918.<br />
Fraternal Society <strong>of</strong> the Deaf, Chicago, Ill. — Name changed to National Fraternal Society <strong>of</strong> the Deaf in 1907.<br />
Fraternal Union <strong>of</strong> America, Denver, Colo. — Merged with Fraternal Aid Association to form Fraternal Aid Union in 1923.<br />
Free Sons <strong>of</strong> Israel, New York — Merged into Workmen’s Benefit Fund in 2001.<br />
German Baptist Life Association, Buffalo, N.Y. — Name changed to Baptist Life Assn in 1934.<br />
German Beneficial Union <strong>of</strong> Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Name changed to Greater Beneficial Union <strong>of</strong> Pittsburgh in 1941.<br />
German Catholics <strong>of</strong> Texas, San Antonio, Texas — Name changed to Catholic State League <strong>of</strong> Texas in 1917.
German Roman Catholic Benevolent Association <strong>of</strong> Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn. — Name changed to Catholic Aid Association <strong>of</strong><br />
Minnesota in 1923.<br />
German Roman Catholic Knights <strong>of</strong> St. George, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Name changed to Catholic Knights <strong>of</strong> St. George in 1928.<br />
Germania Mutual Life Association <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis.— Merged with Equitable Reserve Association in 1949.<br />
Golden Seal Assurance Society, Roxbury, N.Y. — Reinsured by Metropolitan Life Insurance Company <strong>and</strong> Chicago Fraternal Life<br />
Association in 1925.<br />
Golden West Life Insurance Association, Los Angeles, Calif. — Merged with Homesteaders Life Association in 1932.<br />
Gr<strong>and</strong> Carniolian Slovenian Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> USA, Joliet, Ill. — Name changed to <strong>American</strong> Slovenian Catholic Union (KSKJ) in<br />
1963.<br />
Gr<strong>and</strong> Fraternity, Philadelphia, Pa. — Merged with Ben Hur Life Association in 1936.<br />
Gr<strong>and</strong> United Order <strong>of</strong> Moses, Charlotte Court House, Va. — Name changed to Moses Life Insurance Association in 1956.<br />
Greater Beneficial Union <strong>of</strong> Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA — Name changed to GBU Financial Life in 2010.<br />
Greek Catholic Carpatho-Russian Benevolent Association Liberty, Perth Amboy, N.J. — Merged with Orthodox Society <strong>of</strong> America<br />
in 1993.<br />
Greek Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> Russian Brotherhoods, Beaver, Pa. — Name changed to Greek Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> the USA in 1944.<br />
Gross Lodge des Deutschen Ordens der Harugari des States Illinois — Merged with North <strong>American</strong> Union Life Assurance Society<br />
in 1978.<br />
Gruetti Bund der Vereinigten Staatenvon Nord Amerika, Cincinnati, Ohio — Name changed to Nordamerikanischer Schweizerbund<br />
in 1911.<br />
Hancock County Mutual Life Association, Carthage, Ill. — Merged with Illinois St<strong>and</strong>ard Mutual Life Assn in 1934.<br />
Heralds <strong>of</strong> Liberty, Philadelphia, Pa. — Name changed to Liberty Life Assurance Society in 1925.<br />
Holy Family Society, The, Joliet, Ill. — Merged with Catholic Fraternal Life <strong>of</strong> Belleville, Ill., on Jan. 1, 2008, to become Catholic Holy<br />
Family Society.<br />
Home Form Benefit Order, Chicago, Ill. — Merged with Safety Fund Insurance Group in 1900.<br />
Home Guards <strong>of</strong> America, Van Wert, Ohio — Merged with <strong>American</strong> Insurance Union in 1916.<br />
Homesteaders, The, Des Moines, Iowa — Name changed to Homesteaders Life Association in 1923.<br />
Homesteaders Life Association, Des Moines, Iowa — Converted to a mutual company, Homesteaders Life Company, in 1948.<br />
Hungarian Aid Association <strong>of</strong> America, Bridgeport, Conn. — Name changed to <strong>American</strong> Sick Benefit & Life Insurance Assn in 1936.<br />
Ideal Reserve Life Association, Detroit, Mich. — Reinsured by Preferred Life Insurance Company in 1914.<br />
Illinois Catholic Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters, Chicago, Ill. — Name changed to Catholic Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 1887.<br />
Illinois St<strong>and</strong>ard Mutual Life Association, Perry, Ill. — Merged with Homesteaders Life Association in 1936.<br />
Improved Order <strong>of</strong> Brith Abraham, New York, N.Y. — Merged with B'nai Zion in 1981.<br />
Improved Order <strong>of</strong> Heptasophs, Baltimore, Md. — Merged with Fraternal Aid Union in 1917.<br />
Independent Order <strong>of</strong> B'rith Abraham, New York, N.Y. — Name changed to Brith Abraham in 1968.<br />
Independent Order <strong>of</strong> Free Sons <strong>of</strong> Israel, New York, N.Y. — Name changed to Free Sons <strong>of</strong> Israel in 1932.
Independent Order <strong>of</strong> Puritans, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Reinsured by Fraternal Aid Union.<br />
Independent Order <strong>of</strong> Svithoid, Chicago, Ill. — Merged with Banker’s Mutual Life Insurance Company in 1978.<br />
Independent Order <strong>of</strong> Svithoid <strong>of</strong> America, Chicago, Ill. — Name changed to Independent Order <strong>of</strong> Svithoid in 1945.<br />
Independent Sc<strong>and</strong>inavian Workingmen, Eau Claire, Wis. — Name changed to Sc<strong>and</strong>inavian <strong>American</strong> Fraternity.<br />
Institut Jacques-Cartier — Merged with Association Canado-Americaine in 1968.<br />
International Workers Order, Bronx, N.Y. — Assumed by Continental Assurance Company.<br />
Italian Sons & Daughters <strong>of</strong> America Fraternal Association, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Also known as ISDA Fraternal Assn.<br />
Jewish National Workers Alliance <strong>of</strong> America, New York, N.Y. — Name changed to Farb<strong>and</strong> Labor Zionist Order in 1950.<br />
Knights <strong>and</strong> Ladies <strong>of</strong> Honor, Louisville, Ky. — Merged with North <strong>American</strong> Union Life Assurance Society in 1916.<br />
Knights <strong>and</strong> Ladies <strong>of</strong> Security, Topeka, Kan. — Name changed to Security Benefit Assn in 1919.<br />
Knights <strong>of</strong> Honor, Louisville, Ky. — Disb<strong>and</strong>ed in 1916.<br />
Knights <strong>of</strong> the Loyal Guard, Flint, Mich. — Merged with Columbian Circle in 1917.<br />
Knights <strong>of</strong> Pythias Endowment Rank, Indianapolis, Ind. — Reincorporated as United Mutual Life Insurance Company in 1930;<br />
subsequently <strong>American</strong> United Life Insurance Company.<br />
L'Entraide Assurance-Vie, Sainte-Fox, Quebec — Converted to a mutual life insurance company in 1997.<br />
L'Ordre des Forestiers Franco-<strong>American</strong>s — Merged with Association Canado-Americaine in 1939.<br />
La Societe des Artisans, Montreal, Quebec — Converted to a mutual life insurance company, The Artisans, in 1971.<br />
La Societe Jacques-Cartier — Merged with Association Canado-Americaine in 1939.<br />
La Societe L'Assomption, Moncton, NB, Canada — Converted to a mutual company in 1967.<br />
Labor Zionist Alliance — Liquidated.<br />
Ladies Auxiliary, A.0.H. Life Insurance Fund <strong>of</strong> Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. — Name changed to Hibernian Life Insurance Fund<br />
<strong>of</strong> Minnesota in 1959.<br />
Ladies Catholic Benevolent Association, Titusville, Pa. — Name changed to Loyal Christian Benefit Association in 1970.<br />
Ladies <strong>of</strong> the Amaranth — Merged into Woman’s Benefit Association in 1949.<br />
Ladies <strong>of</strong> the Maccabees <strong>of</strong> the World, Port Huron, Mich. — Name changed to Supreme Hive <strong>of</strong> the Ladies <strong>of</strong> the Maccabees <strong>of</strong> the<br />
World in 1915.<br />
Ladies <strong>of</strong> Modern Maccabees, Port Huron, Mich. — Name changed to Women's Benefit Association in 1915.<br />
Ladies Pennsylvania Roman <strong>and</strong> Greek Catholic Union, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. — Name changed to Ladies Pennsylvania Slovak<br />
Catholic Union in 1923.<br />
Le Cercle D'Youville, Lewiston, Maine — Merged with Association Canado-Americaine in 1968.<br />
Legion <strong>of</strong> the Red Cross, Baltimore, Md. — Merged with North <strong>American</strong> Union Life Assurance Society in 1914.<br />
Liberty Life Assurance Society, Birmingham, Ala. — Reincorporated as Liberty Life Insurance Company in 1929.<br />
Lietuviu Darbibibkku Susivienijimas (Association <strong>of</strong> Lithuanian Workers), Middletown, N.Y. — Merged with Supreme Council <strong>of</strong><br />
the Royal Arcanum in 2006.<br />
Life Insurance Society <strong>of</strong> America, Birmingham, Ala. — Reinsured by First National Life Insurance Co. <strong>of</strong> America in 1984.
Lithuanian Roman Catholic Alliance <strong>of</strong> America, New York, N.Y. — Name changed to Lithuanian Catholic Alliance in 1975.<br />
Locomotive Engineers Mutual Life <strong>and</strong> Accident Insurance Association, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Merged with Employees Life<br />
Company in 1985.<br />
Loyal <strong>American</strong> Life Association, Chicago, Ill. — Merged with Ben Hur Life Association in 1934.<br />
Loyal <strong>American</strong> Life Insurance, Springfield, Ill. — Name changed to Loyal <strong>American</strong> Life Association in 1917.<br />
Loyal <strong>American</strong>s, Springfield, Ill. — Name changed to Loyal <strong>American</strong> Life Insurance in 1916.<br />
Loyal <strong>American</strong>s <strong>of</strong> the Republic, Springfield, Ill. — Name changed to Loyal <strong>American</strong>s in 1915.<br />
Loyal Association, Jersey City, N.J. — Liquidated in 1962.<br />
Loyal Guard — Merged with Columbian Circle in 1917.<br />
Loyal Mystic Legion <strong>of</strong> America, Hastings, Neb. — Merged with <strong>American</strong> Insurance Union in 1919.<br />
Loyal Protective Association, Boston, Mass. — Converted to a mutual company, Loyal Protective Life Insurance Company.<br />
Luther Union, Minneapolis, Minn. — Merged with Lutheran Brotherhood <strong>of</strong> America to form Lutheran Brotherhood in 1920.<br />
Lutheran Brotherhood <strong>of</strong> America, Des Moines, Iowa — Merged with Luther Union to form Lutheran Brotherhood in 1920.<br />
Lutheran Fraternities <strong>of</strong> America, Detroit, Mich. — Name changed to Lutheran Life Association <strong>of</strong> America in 1963.<br />
Lutheran Fraternities <strong>of</strong> America Life, Roseville, Mich. — Merged with Greater Beneficial Union <strong>of</strong> Pittsburgh in 1996.<br />
Lutheran Life Association <strong>of</strong> America, Detroit, Mich. — Name changed to Lutheran Fraternities <strong>of</strong> America Life in 1985.<br />
Lutheran Mutual Aid Society, Waverly, Iowa — Reincorporated as Lutheran Mutual Life Insurance Company in 1938.<br />
L’Union Saint Jean-Baptiste d’Amerique, Woonsocket, R.I. — Name changed to Union Saint-Jean-Baptiste in 1968.<br />
L’Union St. Joseph deDrummondville, Drummondville, Quebec — Converted to a mutual company in 1956.<br />
L’Union St. Joseph du Canada, Ottawa, Ontario — Name changed to Union du Canada Assurance - Vie in 1959.<br />
Maccabees, The, Detroit, Mich. — Converted to a mutual company, The Maccabees Mutual Life Insurance Company, in 1962.<br />
Masonic Life Association, Buffalo, N.Y. — Name changed to Buffalo Life Association in 1927.<br />
Masonic Mutual Life Association, Washington, D.C. — Name changed to Acacia Mutual Life Association in 1922.<br />
Massachusetts Catholic Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters, Boston, Mass. — Name changed to Catholic Assn <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 1961.<br />
Mennonite Mutual Aid Association, Goshen, Ind. — Name changed to Everence Association, Inc. in 2010.<br />
Michigan Union Life Association, Gr<strong>and</strong> Rapids, Mich. — Merged with The Maccabees in 1941.<br />
Modern Aztecs — Merged with North <strong>American</strong> Union Life Assurance Society in 1905.<br />
Modern Brotherhood <strong>of</strong> America, Mason City, Iowa — Merged with the Independent Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 1931.<br />
Modern Order <strong>of</strong> Praetorians, Dallas, Texas — Converted to a mutual company, The Praetorians, in 1957. Consequently merged<br />
with the State Mutual Insurance Company.<br />
Modern Protective Association, Sayre, Pa. — Reinsured by Gr<strong>and</strong> Fraternity.<br />
Modern Samaritans, Duluth, Minn. — Name changed to Samaritan Life Association in 1936.<br />
Mutual Benefit Aid Society, Chicago, Ill. — Merged with Workmen’s Benefit Fund <strong>of</strong> the USA in 1973.
Mutual Beneficial Association <strong>of</strong> Pennsylvania Railroad Employees, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. — Name changed to Mutual Beneficial<br />
Association <strong>of</strong> Penn Central Employees, Inc. in 1970.<br />
Mutual Beneficial Association <strong>of</strong> Penn Central Employees, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. — Name changed to Mutual Beneficial<br />
Association <strong>of</strong> Rail Transportation Employees, Inc. in 1976.<br />
Mutual Beneficial Association <strong>of</strong> Rail Transportation Employees, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. — Name changed to Mutual Beneficial<br />
Association, Inc. in 1996.<br />
Mystic Workers <strong>of</strong> the World, Fulton, Ill. — Name changed to Fidelity Life Association in 1930.<br />
National Alliance <strong>of</strong> Poles in the State <strong>of</strong> Ohio, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Name changed to Alliance <strong>of</strong> Poles in the State <strong>of</strong> Ohio in 1910.<br />
National <strong>American</strong>s, Kansas City, Mo. — Merged with Security Benefit Association.<br />
National Association <strong>of</strong> Railway Postal Clerks, Portsmouth, N.H. — Name changed to Railway Mail Association in 1904.<br />
National Croatian Society <strong>of</strong> the United States <strong>of</strong> America, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Name changed to Croatian Fraternal Union <strong>of</strong><br />
America in 1924.<br />
National Farmers Union Life Association, Denver, Colo. — Converted to a mutual company in 1950.<br />
National Fraternal League, Green Bay, Wis. — Merged with Beavers National Mutual Benefit in 1919.<br />
National Postal Transport Association, Portsmouth, N.H. — Name changed to United Federation <strong>of</strong> Postal Clerks Benefit<br />
Association in 1961.<br />
National Protective Legion, New York, N.Y. — Name changed to National Protective Life Association in 1923.<br />
National Fraternal Society <strong>of</strong> the Deaf, Springfield, Ill. — Merged with Catholic Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 2005.<br />
National Union, The, Popular Bluff, Mo. — Merged with Accredited Hospital <strong>and</strong> Life Insurance Company <strong>and</strong> Londen Insurance<br />
Group in 1976.<br />
National Union Assurance Society, Toledo, Ohio — Merged with Ben Hur Life Association in 1939.<br />
National Union Security Association, Denver, Colo. — Name changed to National Farmers Union Life Association in 1945.<br />
Neighbors <strong>of</strong> Woodcraft, Oregon. — Merged with Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World-Omaha in 2002.<br />
New Engl<strong>and</strong> Order <strong>of</strong> Protection, Boston, Mass. — Merged with Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World Life Insurance Society in 1968.<br />
New Era Life Association, Gr<strong>and</strong> Rapids, Mich. — Name changed to Michigan Union Life Association in 1936.<br />
Nordamerikanischer Schweizerbund, Cincinnati, Ohio — Name changed to North <strong>American</strong> Swiss Alliance in 1940.<br />
North <strong>American</strong> Benefit Association, Port Huron, Mich. — Name changed to Woman's Life Insurance Society in 1996.<br />
North <strong>American</strong> Union Life Assurance Society, Chicago, Ill. — Merged with Western Catholic Union in 1998.<br />
North Star Benefit Association, Moline, Ill. — Name changed to North Star Life Insurance Society in 1942.<br />
North Star Life Insurance Society, Moline, Ill. — Converted to a mutual company, Western Mutual Life Insurance Co. in 1949.<br />
Northern Fraternal Life Insurance, Milwaukee, Wis. — Merged with Catholic Family Life Insurance in 1993.<br />
Ontario Secondary School Teachers Fraternal Society, Brantford, Ontario — Name changed to Teachers Fraternal Society <strong>of</strong><br />
Ontario in 1991.<br />
Order der Hermann-Schwestern — Merged with North <strong>American</strong> Union Life Assurance Society in 1977.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> Alfredians, Boston, Mass. — Disb<strong>and</strong>ed in 1907.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> the Amaranth, Westfield, N.J. — Merged into North <strong>American</strong> Benefit Association in 1968.
Order <strong>of</strong> Amitie, Philadelphia, Pa. — Disb<strong>and</strong>ed in 1894.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> B'rith Abraham, New York, N.Y. — Liquidated in 1927.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> Chosen Friends, Indianapolis, Ind. — Disb<strong>and</strong>ed in 1900.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> Equity, Indianapolis, Ind. — Into receivership in 1897.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> Golden Links, Wheeling, W.V. — Merged with <strong>American</strong> Insurance Union in 1922.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> Golden Seal, Richmond, Va. — Name changed to Golden Seal Assurance Society in 1929.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> Home Guardians, Mitchell, S.D. — Merged with Loyal <strong>American</strong>s <strong>of</strong> the Republic in 1909.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> Iron Hall, Indianapolis, Ind. — Into receivership in 1892.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> Iroquois, Buffalo, N.Y. — Merged with the Fraternal Home Insurance in 1922.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> Mutual Protection, Chicago, Ill. — Merged with Royal League in 1932.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> Railway Conductors <strong>and</strong> Brakemen, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Merged with the United Transportation Union Insurance<br />
Association in 1971.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> Railroad Telegraphers, St. Louis, Mo. — Mutual <strong>benefit</strong> department merged with Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World Life Insurance<br />
Society in 1964.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> Scottish Clans, Boston, Mass. — Merged with Independent Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 1972.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> Sons <strong>of</strong> Italy in America, Gr<strong>and</strong> Lodge <strong>of</strong> Ohio, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Merged into <strong>American</strong> Mutual Life Association, June 1,<br />
2012.<br />
Order <strong>of</strong> Sons <strong>of</strong> Zion, New York, N.Y. — Name changed to Bnai Zion in 1944.<br />
Orthodox Society <strong>of</strong> America (OSA), North Olmstead, Ohio — Merged with Loyal Christian Benefit Association in November 2003.<br />
Pacific Circle, Women <strong>of</strong> Woodcraft, Portl<strong>and</strong>, Ore. — Name changed to Neighbors <strong>of</strong> Woodcraft in 1917.<br />
Pacific Jurisdiction, Head Camp Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World, Denver, Colo. — Name changed to Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World (Colorado) in<br />
1916.<br />
Pathfinders Life Insurance Company — Reinsured by Postal Life in 1943.<br />
Patriot Life Insurance Society, Petal, Miss. — Name changed to First <strong>American</strong> Christian Society in 1998.<br />
Pennsylvania Slovak Catholic Union, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. — Merged with First Catholic Slovak Union <strong>of</strong> the United States <strong>and</strong> Canada<br />
in 1990.<br />
Pennsylvania Slovak Roman <strong>and</strong> Greek Catholic Union, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. — Name changed to Pennsylvania Slovak Catholic<br />
Union in 1954.<br />
Pike County Mutual Life Association, Perry, Ill. — Name changed to Illinois St<strong>and</strong>ard Mutual Life Association in 1934.<br />
Pioneer Fraternal Association, Winnipeg, Manitoba — Merged with the Wawanesa Mutual Life Insurance Company in 1972.<br />
Platt Deutsche Grot Gilde Von De Vereinington Staate, Von Nord Amerika — Merged with North <strong>American</strong> Union Life Assurance<br />
Society in 1960.<br />
Police <strong>and</strong> Firemen's Insurance Association, Carmel, Ind. — Also known as Police <strong>and</strong> Firefighters’ Assn in 1993.<br />
Polish Alliance <strong>of</strong> America, Plymouth, Pa. — Merged into the Polish Roman Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> America in 1968.<br />
Polish Alliance <strong>of</strong> the State <strong>of</strong> New Jersey — Merged with Association <strong>of</strong> the Sons <strong>of</strong> Pol<strong>and</strong> in 1912.<br />
Polish Alma Mater <strong>of</strong> America — Merged with Polish National Alliance <strong>of</strong> the U.S. <strong>of</strong> North America in 1985.<br />
Polish Association <strong>of</strong> America, Milwaukee, Wis. — Name changed to Northern Fraternal Life Insurance in 1976.
Polish Falcons Alliance <strong>of</strong> America, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Name changed to Polish Falcons <strong>of</strong> America in 1928.<br />
Polish Military Alliance <strong>of</strong> the United States <strong>of</strong> America — Merged with Association <strong>of</strong> the Sons <strong>of</strong> Pol<strong>and</strong> in 1903.<br />
Polish National Alliance <strong>of</strong> Brooklyn, USA, Brooklyn, N.Y. — Merged with Polish National Alliance <strong>of</strong> the United States <strong>of</strong> North<br />
America in 2007.<br />
Polish Roman Catholic Assn <strong>of</strong> America, Detroit, Mich. — Merged with Polish Roman Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> America in 1953.<br />
Polish Roman Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> New Jersey — Merged with Association <strong>of</strong> the Sons <strong>of</strong> Pol<strong>and</strong> in 1918.<br />
Polish White Eagle Association, Minneapolis, Minn. — Name changed to Eagle Fraternal Life Association in 1998.<br />
Polish Womans Aid Circle <strong>of</strong> America, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. — Merged with Polish Roman Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> America in 1939.<br />
Portuguese Continental Union <strong>of</strong> California — Combined with Benevolent Society <strong>of</strong> California to form United National Life<br />
Insurance Society in 1957.<br />
Portuguese Continental Union <strong>of</strong> USA — Merged with Luso-<strong>American</strong> Life Insurance Society in 2002.<br />
Preferred Life Assurance Society, Montgomery, Ala. — Converted to the Preferred Life Insurance Company in 1962.<br />
Presbyterian Beneficial Union, Burgettstown, Pa. — Merged with National Slovak Society <strong>of</strong> the USA in 1997.<br />
Progressive Order <strong>of</strong> the West, St. Louis, Mo. — Liquidated.<br />
Protected Home Circle, Sharon, Pa. — Converted to a mutual company, Protected Home Mutual Life Insurance Co., in 1964.<br />
Railway Mail Association, Portsmouth, N.H. — Name changed to National Postal Transport Association in 1949.<br />
Railwaymen's Relief Association, Muskegon, Mich. — Name changed to Liberty Life <strong>and</strong> Accident Association in 1943.<br />
Rakoczi Aid Association, Bridgeport, Conn. — Merged with Verhovay Fraternal Insurance Association to form William Penn Fraternal<br />
Association in 1955.<br />
Rakoczi Hungarian Sick Benefit, Bridgeport, Conn. — Name changed to Rakoczi Aid Association in 1935.<br />
Reliable Life Insurance Society, Hamilton, Ontario — Converted to a joint stock company in 1964.<br />
Roman <strong>and</strong> Greek Catholic Gymnastic Slovak Union Sokol, Passaic, N.J. — Name changed to Slovak Catholic Sokol in 1934.<br />
Roman <strong>and</strong> Greek Catholic Slovak Brotherhood, Braddock, Pa. — Name changed to Catholic Slovak Brotherhood in 1940.<br />
Royal Highl<strong>and</strong>ers, Lincoln, Neb. — Converted to a mutual insurance company in 1937; <strong>name</strong> changed to Lincoln Mutual Life<br />
Insurance Company in 1946.<br />
Royal League, Berwyn, Ill. — Merged with Equitable Reserve Association in 1970.<br />
Royal Templars <strong>of</strong> Temperance, Hamilton, Ontario — Merged with Independent Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 1931.<br />
Russian National Mutual Aid Society, Philadelphia, Pa. — Merged with International Workers Order in 1935.<br />
Russian Independent Mutual Aid Society (RIMAS), Chicago, Ill. — Merged with Loyal Christian Benefit Association in June 2004.<br />
Russian Orthodox Catholic Mutual Aid Society, Wilkes Barre, Pa. — Merged with Polish National Union in December 2005.<br />
Russian Orthodox Catholic Women's Mutual Aid Society, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Merged with National Slovak Society <strong>of</strong> the USA in<br />
1998.<br />
Saint George Fraternal Insurance Society, Chicago, Ill. — Reinsured by North Amer. Union Life Assurance Society in 1941.<br />
Saint George Greek Catholic Union, N.J. — Merged with Hungarian Reformed Federation <strong>of</strong> America in 1989.
Saint George Polish Catholic Death Beneficial Organization — Merged with Polish National Alliance <strong>of</strong> United States <strong>of</strong> North<br />
America <strong>of</strong> Illinois in 1976.<br />
Saint John Nepomucene Society — Merged with St. Stephen's Society to form First Slovak Wreath <strong>of</strong> the Free Eagle.<br />
Saint Stephen's Society, Bridgeport, Conn. — Merged with St. John Nepomucene Society to form the First Slovak Wreath <strong>of</strong> the Free<br />
Eagle.<br />
Saint Vito Fraternal Aid Association <strong>of</strong> Ricigliano, Chicago, Ill. — Merged with Italo <strong>American</strong> National Union in 1958.<br />
Samaritan Life Association, Duluth, Minn. — Converted to a mutual company in 1950.<br />
Sc<strong>and</strong>inavian <strong>American</strong> Fraternity, Eau Claire, Wis. — Merged with Bankers Mutual Life Insurance Company in 1970.<br />
Security Benefit Association, Topeka, Kan. — Converted to a mutual company, Security Benefit Life Insurance in 1950.<br />
Serb Federation Sloboda, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Merged with Srbobran Sloga United Societies to form the Serb National Federation in<br />
1929.<br />
Serbian Orthodox Society Srbobran, McKeesport, Pa. — Merged with Federation <strong>of</strong> United Serbs to form the Srbobran Sloga United<br />
Societies in 1921.<br />
Slavic Progressive Beneficial Union — Merged with The Maccabees in 1937.<br />
Slavonian Calvinistic Presbyterian Union, Philadelphia, Pa.—Name changed to Slovak Calvinistic Presbyterian Union in 1938.<br />
Slavonian Roman <strong>and</strong> Greek Catholic Gymnastic Union Sokol <strong>of</strong> Passaic, New Jersey, Passaic, N.J. — Name changed to Roman<br />
<strong>and</strong> Greek Catholic Gymnastic Slovak Union Sokol in 1916.<br />
Sloga Fraternal Life Insurance Society, Milwaukee, Wis. — Merged with Croatian Fraternal Union <strong>of</strong> America in 1994.<br />
Slovak Calvinistic Presbyterian Union, Philadelphia, Pa. — Name changed to Presbyterian Beneficial Union in 1962.<br />
Slovak Evangelical Society — Merged with Slovak Gymnastic Union Sokol <strong>of</strong> the USA in 1944.<br />
Slovak Evangelical Union, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Joined Evangelical Slovak Women’s Union <strong>of</strong> America to form United Lutheran Society<br />
in 1962.<br />
Slovanic Croatian Union, Calumet, Mich. — Merged with Croatian Fraternal Union <strong>of</strong> America in 1939.<br />
Slovene Progressive Benefit Society, Chicago, Ill. — Merged with Slovene National Benefit Society in 1941.<br />
Slovenian Mutual Benefit Association, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio — Name changed to <strong>American</strong> Mutual Life Association in 1966.<br />
Sociedade Portuguesa Rainha Santa Isabel (SPRSI), Oakl<strong>and</strong>, Cal. — Merged with Luso-<strong>American</strong> Life Insurance Society in 2008.<br />
Sociedad Proteccion Mutua de Trabajadores Unidos, Antonito, Colo. — Merged with WSA Fraternal Life in 1995.<br />
Societe L'Assomption, Monaton, New Brunswick — Converted to a mutual company in 1969.<br />
Society <strong>of</strong> Taborites, Chicago, Ill. — Joined in organizing Czechoslovak Society <strong>of</strong> America in 1933.<br />
Sons <strong>of</strong> Hermann Gr<strong>and</strong> Lodge, Columbus, Neb. — Name changed to Columbia Life Insurance Society in 1951.<br />
South Slavic Benevolent Union “Sloga”, Milwaukee, Wis. — Name changed to Sloga Fraternal Life Ins. Society in 1968.<br />
South Slavonic Catholic Union, Ely, Minn. — Name changed to <strong>American</strong> Fraternal Union in 1941.<br />
Southern Mutual Benefit Association, Knoxville, Tenn. — Merged with Tennessee Valley Life in 1951.<br />
SPRSI (Sociedade Portuguese Rainha Santa Isabel) — Merged with Luso-<strong>American</strong> Life Insurance Society in 2008<br />
Srbobran Sloga United Societies, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Merged with the Serb Federation Sloboda to form the Serb National Federation<br />
in 1929.
St<strong>and</strong>ard Life Association, Lawrence, Kan. — Converted to a mutual company, St<strong>and</strong>ard Mutual Life, in 1968.<br />
Sterbekasseder Deutschen Katholiken von Texas — See German Catholics <strong>of</strong> Texas.<br />
Supreme Assembly <strong>of</strong> the Defenders, Oshkosh, Wis. — Merged with Beavers National Mutual Benefit in 1916.<br />
Supreme Camp <strong>of</strong> <strong>American</strong> Woodmen, St. Louis, Mo. — Converted to a mutual company, <strong>American</strong> Woodmen Life Insurance<br />
Company, in 1967. Subsequently, merged with Crusaders Life Insurance Company. Returned to the <strong>fraternal</strong> <strong>benefit</strong> arena in<br />
1978. Subsequently, merged with Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World <strong>and</strong>/or Assured Life Association in 1994.<br />
Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> IDES, Hayward, Cal. — (Conselho Supremo da Irm<strong>and</strong>ade do Divino Espirito Santo) Merged with Supreme<br />
Council <strong>of</strong> UPEC, Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> SES <strong>and</strong> Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> UPPEC into Portuguese Fraternal Society <strong>of</strong> America,<br />
January 1, 2010.<br />
Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> SES, Santa Clara, Cal. — (Conselho Supremo da sociedade do Espirito Santo) Merged with Supreme Council <strong>of</strong><br />
UPEC, Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> IDES <strong>and</strong> Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> UPPEC into Portuguese Fraternal Society <strong>of</strong> America, January 1, 2010.<br />
Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> UPEC, San Le<strong>and</strong>ro, Cal. — (Uniao Portuguesa do Estado da California) Merged with Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> SES,<br />
Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> IDES <strong>and</strong> Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> UPPEC into Portuguese Fraternal Society <strong>of</strong> America, January 1, 2010.<br />
Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> UPPEC, Hayward, Cal. — (Uniao Portuguesa Protectora do Estado da California – Portuguese Protective Union<br />
<strong>of</strong> the State <strong>of</strong> California) Merged with Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> UPEC, Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> IDES <strong>and</strong> Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> SES into<br />
Portuguese Fraternal Society <strong>of</strong> America, January 1, 2010.<br />
Supreme Forest Woodmen Circle in Omaha, Omaha, Neb. — Merged with Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World Life Ins. Society in 1965.<br />
Supreme Hive <strong>of</strong> the Ladies <strong>of</strong> the Maccabees <strong>of</strong> the World, Port Huron, Mich. — Name changed to Ladies <strong>of</strong> the Maccabees <strong>of</strong> the<br />
World in 1904.<br />
Supreme Tribe <strong>of</strong> Ben Hur, Crawfordsville, Ind. — Name changed to Ben Hur Life Association in 1930.<br />
Tatran Slovak Union — Merged with Slovak Gymnastic Union Sokol <strong>of</strong> the USA in 1944.<br />
Teachers Protective Union, Lancaster, Pa. — Converted to a mutual company, Teachers Protective Mutual Life Insurance Company,<br />
in 1952.<br />
Transport Employes' Mutual Benefit Society, Milwaukee, Wis. — Reinsured with a mutual company in 1987.<br />
Tricolor Benefit Association — Merged with North <strong>American</strong> Union Life Assurance Society in 1939.<br />
Tri-State Mutual Life Association, Carthage, Ill. — Merged with Globe Life Insurance Company in 1943.<br />
True People <strong>of</strong> America Fraternal Benefit Soc., Houston, Texas — Name changed to <strong>American</strong> Fraternal Benefit Soc. in 1985.<br />
Ukrainian Fraternal Association, Scranton, Pa. — Merged with Providence Association <strong>of</strong> Ukrainian Catholics in America, December<br />
2, 2009.<br />
Ukrainian Mutual Benefit Association <strong>of</strong> St. Nicholas <strong>of</strong> Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba — Merged with Ukrainian Fraternal Society<br />
<strong>of</strong> Canada.<br />
Ukrainian National Aid Association <strong>of</strong> America — Merged with Croatian Fraternal Union <strong>of</strong> America in 2000<br />
Ukrainian Relief Association, Winnipeg, Manitoba — Name changed to Ukrainian Fraternal Society <strong>of</strong> Canada in 1943.<br />
Ukrainian Workingmen's Association, Scranton, Pa. — Name changed to Ukrainian Fraternal Assn in 1978.<br />
União Portuguesa do Estado da California, Hayward, Cal. – See Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> UPEC.<br />
União Portuguesa Protectora do Estado da California, Hayward, Cal. – See Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> UPPEC.<br />
Union League <strong>of</strong> Romanian Societies <strong>of</strong> America — Merged with Croatian Fraternal Union <strong>of</strong> America in 2000.
Union <strong>of</strong> Czech Catholic Women <strong>of</strong> Texas-KJZT, Austin, Texas — Name changed to Catholic Women’s Fraternal <strong>of</strong> Texas-KJZT in<br />
1971.<br />
Union <strong>of</strong> French Canadian Catholics — Merged with Gleaner Life Insurance Society.<br />
Union <strong>of</strong> Poles, Clevel<strong>and</strong>, Ohio. — Merged with Polish National Alliance <strong>of</strong> the US on NA in 2005<br />
Union <strong>of</strong> Polish Women in America, Philadelphia, Pa. — Merged with Polish Roman Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> America in 1997.<br />
Union Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Woonsocket, R.I. — Merged with Catholic Family Life Insurance in 1991.<br />
Union <strong>of</strong> Saint Joseph <strong>of</strong> the U.S. North America, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Merged with Alliance <strong>of</strong> Poles <strong>of</strong> America in 1968.<br />
United Artisans Life Association, Portl<strong>and</strong>, Ore. — Name changed to Artisans Life Assn in 1930.<br />
United Danish Society <strong>of</strong> America, Kenosha, Wis. — Merged with National Mutual Benefit in 1945.<br />
United Federation <strong>of</strong> Postal Clerks Benefit Association, Portsmouth, N.H. — Name changed to <strong>American</strong> Postal Workers Accident<br />
Benefit Association in 1972.<br />
United Lutheran Society, Ligonier, PA. — Merged with Greater Beneficial Union <strong>of</strong> Pittsburgh in 2007<br />
United National Insurance Association, Atlanta, Ga. — Converted to a mutual company in 1948.<br />
United National Life Insurance Society, Oakl<strong>and</strong>, Calif. — Name changed to Luso-<strong>American</strong> Life Insurance Society in 1993.<br />
United Order <strong>of</strong> <strong>American</strong>s, Milwaukee, Wis. — Merged with Brotherhood <strong>of</strong> <strong>American</strong> Yeomen in 1927.<br />
United Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters, Milwaukee, Wis. — Name changed to United Order <strong>of</strong> <strong>American</strong>s in 1923.<br />
United Order <strong>of</strong> the Golden Cross, Knoxville, Tenn. — Merged with Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World Life Insurance Society in 1962.<br />
United Polish Women <strong>of</strong> America — Merged with Polish National Alliance <strong>of</strong> the US <strong>of</strong> NA in 1991.<br />
United Russian Orthodox Brotherhood <strong>of</strong> America, N. Olmsted, Ohio — Name changed to Orthodox Soc. <strong>of</strong> America in 1992.<br />
United Societies <strong>of</strong> the Greek Catholic Religion <strong>of</strong> USA, McKeesport, Pa. — Name changed to United Societies <strong>of</strong> USA in 1955.<br />
United Societies <strong>of</strong> USA, McKeesport, Pa. — Merged with the Greek Catholic Union <strong>of</strong> the USA in 2000.<br />
Unity <strong>of</strong> Bohemian Ladies, Cicero, Ill. — Name changed to Unity <strong>of</strong> Czech Ladies <strong>and</strong> Men in 1946.<br />
Unity <strong>of</strong> Czech Ladies <strong>and</strong> Men, Cicero, Ill. — Merged with Czechoslovak Society <strong>of</strong> America in 1977.<br />
Unity Life <strong>and</strong> Accident Insurance Association, Syracuse, N.Y. — Converted to a mutual company, Unity Mutual Life Insurance<br />
Company, in 1957.<br />
Unity Life <strong>of</strong> Canada — Merged with Independent Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 2008<br />
Verhovay Aid Association, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Name changed to Verhovay Fraternal Insurance Assn in 1933.<br />
Verhovay Fraternal Insurance Association, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Merged with Rakoczi Aid Association to form William Penn Fraternal<br />
Association in 1955.<br />
Versicherungszweig des Katholischen Staatsverb<strong>and</strong>s von Texas — See Catholic State League <strong>of</strong> Texas<br />
Western Bees, Gr<strong>and</strong> Isl<strong>and</strong>, Neb. — Merged with Highl<strong>and</strong> Nobles in 1911.<br />
Western Bohemian Catholic Union, Cedar Rapids, Iowa — Merged with Catholic Workman in 1929.<br />
Western Bohemian Fraternal Association, Cedar Rapids, Iowa — Name changed to Western Fraternal Life Association in 1971.<br />
Western Samaritans Life Association, Chicago, Ill. — Reinsured by North <strong>American</strong> Union Life Assurance Society in 1930.
Western Slavonic Association, Denver, Colo. — Name changed to WSA Fraternal Life in February 1990.<br />
William Penn Fraternal Association, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Name changed to William Penn Association in 1971.<br />
Women <strong>of</strong> Woodcraft, Portl<strong>and</strong>, Ore. — Name changed to Neighbors <strong>of</strong> Woodcraft in 1917.<br />
Women's Benefit Association, Port Huron, Mich. — Name changed to North <strong>American</strong> Benefit Association in 1966.<br />
Women's Catholic Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters, Chicago, Ill. — Name changed to National Catholic Society <strong>of</strong> Foresters in 1966.<br />
Women's Pennsylvania Slovak Roman <strong>and</strong> Greek Catholic Union, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. — Name changed to Ladies Pennsylvania<br />
Roman <strong>and</strong> Greek Catholic Union in 1900.<br />
Woodmen Circle, Omaha, Nebraska — Merged with Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World Life Insurance Society, in 1965.<br />
Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World (Colorado), Denver, Colo. — Name changed to Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World <strong>and</strong>/or Assured Life Association in<br />
1976.<br />
Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World Life Insurance Society, Omaha, Neb. — Also known as Woodmen <strong>of</strong> the World/Omaha Woodmen Life<br />
Insurance Society.<br />
Woodmen <strong>of</strong> Union <strong>of</strong> USA, Hot Springs, Ark. — Reinsured by Woodmen Union Life Insurance Company in 1931.<br />
Workingmen's Beneficial Union <strong>of</strong> Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Name changed to Workingmen's Beneficial Society <strong>of</strong> Pittsburgh in<br />
1997.<br />
Workingmen's Beneficial Society <strong>of</strong> Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. — Merged with Slovene National Benefit Society in 2002.<br />
Workingmen's Sick Benefit Federation — Merged with Verhovay Fraternal Insurance Association in 1947.<br />
Workmen's Benefit <strong>and</strong> Benevolent Assn, New York, N.Y. — Merged with Workmen’s Benefit Fund <strong>of</strong> the USA in 1956.<br />
Workmen’s Circle Insurance Fund, New York, N.Y. – merged life, health <strong>and</strong> annuity certificate holders into Workmen’s Benefit Fund<br />
Sept. 1, 2004<br />
World Fraternal Benefit Society, Brooklyn, N.Y. — Merged with Workmen’s Benefit Fund <strong>of</strong> the USA in 1967.<br />
Yeomen <strong>of</strong> America, Aurora, Ill. — Merged with Loyal <strong>American</strong> Life Association in 1916.<br />
Zivena Beneficial Society, Ligonier, Pa. — Merged with Croatian Fraternal Union <strong>of</strong> America in 1995.