Welcome to MacTeX - TUG

Welcome to MacTEX! What’s Next?
⇒ Who? What? Where? When? Why? How?
⇒ TEX for the World
⇒ Document Processing vs. Word Processing
⇒ TEX Front Ends on Mac OS X
⇒ About the Learning Curve
⇒ Control Sequences, Macros and Formats
⇒ LATEX Resources
⇒ ConTEXt Resources
⇒ Plain TEX Resources
⇒ Other TEX Resources
⇒ Fonts for TEX—XƎTEX, ConTEXt and LuaTEX
⇒ Mac OS X TEX/LATEX Wiki & Mailing List
⇒ TEXLive and MacTEX
⇒ Current Version of Welcome Doc
Everything in blue is a link. So click it.

Who? What? Where? When? Why? How?
TEX is a free, multilingual, open source typesetting system
“for the creation of beautiful books—and especially
for books that contain a lot of mathematics,” says TEX developer
Donald Knuth.
TEX runs on literally all modern computer systems, from
personal computers to mainframes, and—of course—on
the Macintosh with Mac OS X. With few exceptions, documents
created in TEX can be transported across operating
systems and look the same, no matter where they are
typeset.
TEX is a programming language with 300 primitive typesetting
commands called control sequences. Almost all
users of TEX work with the macro formats that sit on top
of TEX to make it easier to use. Professor Knuth, himself,
developed the first format, calling it Plain TEX.
TeXShop
TeX Front Ends (Mac OS X)
TeXworks
TeX Macro Formats
Plain E-Plain LaTeX
TeX Primitives
TeX Engine
Others
ConTeXt

TEX for the World
TEX supports languages worldwide. It publishes from left-to-right, right-to-left and top-tobottom.
TEX languages include any with a writing system supported or supportable by fonts.
This means you can publish in almost any language. Where fonts for publishing a language are
unavailable—or under development—if you ask, someone will probably help. It happens all of
the time.
Supported languages include:
Arabic, Armenian, Bangla and Asamese, Basque, Bengali, Burmese, Casyl, Cherokee, Chinese, English, Japanese, Korean, Coptic, Croatian, Czech and Slovene,
Cyrillic, Devanagari, Dutch, English, Epi-Olmec, Ethiopian, French, German, Greek, Gurmukhi, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Inuktitut, Italian, Japanese,
Korean, Latin, Malayalam, Manju, Mongolian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Sanskrit, Sinhala, Slovene, Somali, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu,
Tibetan, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese…

Document Processing vs. Word Processing
TEX is a document processing system, not a word processor.
A word processor—such as Pages or
Word—shows you the results as you enter
and format your content.
Word Processor +’s and -’s
One of the best advantages of word processors is being able
to see the results as you enter text and pictures. For example,
it is easy to insert images and wrap text around
them. You can also change as you type such text
attributes as bold, italic, font and size.
On the downside, word processors gen!
erally do a below average job of typog!
raphy, that is controlling the overall ap!
pearance of how words and images appear
on a page. They have few, or di"cult to use, functions for
#ne!tuning line breaks, justi#ed type, word spacing, hyphen!
ation, line spacing and so on.
While word processors are great for many uses, for the most
part, printed materials created today with word processors
are of lower typographic quality than
those published in the 19th and the
20th centuries using pre!computer
typesetting methods.
Also making changes to a large word
processor document format can be very di"cult
and time consuming, even if you use the so!called $style
sheets%.
TeX and its o&spring such as eplain, LaTeX and ConTeXt
can consistently produce high!quality typographic output.
The TEX document processor typesets your content
and commands into a separate output
file, typically a PDF.
Word Processor +’s and -’s
TeX
Program
One of the best advantages of word processors is being
able to see the results as you enter text and pictures.
For example, it is easy to insert images and wrap text
around them. You can also
change as you type such text attributes
as bold, italic, font and
size.
On the downside, word processors
generally do a below average
job of typography, that is
controlling the overall appearance
of how words and images appear on a page. They
have few, or difficult to use, functions for fine-tuning
line breaks, justified type, word spacing, hyphenation,
line spacing and so on.
While word processors are great for many uses, for the
most part, printed materials created today with word
processors are of lower typographic quality than those
published in the 19th
and the 20th centuries
using pre-computer typesetting
methods.
Also making changes to
a large word processor
document format can be
very difficult and time
consuming, even if you use the so-called style sheets.
TEX and its offspring such as eplain, L ATEX and ConTEXt
can consistently produce high-quality typographical
output.

TEX Front Ends on Mac OS X
You can run TEX from the OS X terminal or—as most Mac-
Tex users do—through one of the front end programs.
The TEX front ends look like text editors where you type
content and control sequences. To see your output document,
you typeset or compile by selecting a command.
Mac OS X has several TEX front ends, including TEXShop,
TEXworks and iTEXMac. TEXShop, iTEXMac are Macintoshspecific,
while TEXworks is cross platform. New users typically
start with TEXShop because of its regular updates,
ease of use and widespread support.
You can find more information on the front ends by visiting
their websites:
⇒ TEXShop: http://www.uoregon.edu/~koch/texshop/
⇒ TEXworks: http://www.tug.org/texworks/
⇒ iTEXMac: http://itexmac.sourceforge.net/

About the Learning Curve
For the things most people do, the effort needed to learn TEX is similar to that of learning a
word processor with its style configurations. Learning and using TEX can be:
simple… or… complex…
…depending on your needs. Because of its precise typographical capabilities, the quality of
TEX’s output far exceeds that of any word processor.

Control Sequences, Macros and Formats
TEX includes hundreds of built-in formatting commands, called control sequences, such as \sl
for slanted and \bf for bold. To simplify marking up text, control sequences can be combined
into macros, such as \heading for bold slanted, for example. Groups of macros can be collected
into formats for generalized or specialized uses. Formats can set margins, number sections and
paragraphs, build tables of contents and define colors, as examples. Three formats illustrating
the diversity of TEX are:
LATEX
Originally designed mostly
for technical publishing, including
math equations, LATEX
also supports many add-on
packages for both special and
general applications.
ConTEXt
ConTEXt is aimed at general
publishing. ConTEXt is very
structured, allowing you to
design a document and then
add text, almost without regard
to the document formatting.
Eplain
Eplain TEX extends Plain TEX
with indexes and tables of
contents, for example. Eplain
is style-neutral, without an
underlying design influencing
the structure of your documents.
All three, plus many more, are included with the MacTEX installer. You can also do-it-yourself,
creating your own macros and formats, a common practice among experienced users.

LATEX Resources—Online
The most widely used TEX format—and a good place to start with TEX—LATEX was originally developed
by Leslie Lamport and later refined by thousands. Many packages provide extra functions.
Some helpful LATEX starting places online include:
The Not So Short Introduction to LATEX by Tobias Oetiker Hubert Partl, Irene Hyna and Elisabeth
Schlegl. Summarizes basic concepts and control sequences in numerous languages.
http://mirror.unl.edu/ctan/info/lshort/
LATEX for Word Processor Users by Guido Gonzato. Cross references familiar word processor commands
with the equivalent LATEX control sequences.
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex4wp/latex4wp.pdf
Online Tutorials for LATEX by India TUG. For beginners, these cover lists, boxes, tables, floats,
colors, footnotes, margin notes, bibliographies, math, tables of contents, indices…
http://www.tug.org/tutorials/tugindia/
Hypertext Help with LATEX by Dr. Sheldon Green. Reference information for experienced users.
http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/latex/

LATEX Resources—Books
There are many books on LATEX, including:
LATEX: A Document Preparation System by Leslie Lamport. Definitive book by the original developer
of LATEX. ISBN: 0201529831.
Guide to LATEX (4th Edition) by Helmut Kopka and Patrick W. Daly. Attempts to cover all aspects
of LATEX, including most of the packages. ISBN: 0321173856.
LATEX Companion, The (2nd Edition) by Frank Mittelbach, Michel Goossens, Johannes Braams and
David Carlisle. Provides guidance on basic formatting. Includes detailed help on packages
for tabular and technical typesetting. ISBN: 0201362996.
The LATEX Web Companion: Integrating TeX, HTML, and XML by Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz,
Eitan M. Gurari and Ross Moore. Discusses using TEX and LATEX with the web and XML. Not
a beginner’s book, but some of the tools, such as TeX4ht, make TEX to HTML conversions
easy. ISBN: 0201433117.
LATEX Graphics Companion by Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz and Frank Mittelbach. Describes
techniques and tricks needed to illustrate LATEX documents. ISBN: 0201854694.

ConTEXt Resources
ConTEXt is another widely-used TEX format. It is very structured and modular, designed more
for general publishing than LATEX. ConTEXt can work from XML source files. The primary developer
of ConTEXt is Hans Hagen.
Good sources of information on ConTEXt are:
PRAGMA Advanced Document Engineering website This website is the home of ConTEXt. Here
you can find documentation on using ConTEXt, plus updates.
http://www.pragma-ade.com/
ConTEXt Wiki This wiki include tutorials and tips by ConTEXt users.
http://wiki.contextgarden.net/
Mailing list for ConTEXt users You can get your ConTEXt questions answered here. Hans Hagen
participates on this list.
http://www.ntg.nl/mailman/listinfo/ntg-context/

Plain TEX Resources
If you want to learn TEX from the ground up, Plain TEX is a technical place to start. Use it for a
while, then modify and make your own macros. Resources include:
A Gentle Introduction to TEX by Michael Doob. Starts from the beginning and moves toward
more complex usage. No previous knowledge of TEX is assumed.
http://ctan.tug.org/get/info/gentle/gentle.pdf
TEX Reference Card by J.H. Silverman. Summarizes frequently used commands in Plain TEX.
http://refcards.com/docs/silvermanj/tex/tex-refcard-letter.pdf
http://refcards.com/docs/silvermanj/tex/tex-refcard-a4.pdf
The TEXbook by Donald Knuth. Definitive book on TEX and Plain TEX by the developer of TEX. This
is an excellent book if you want to understand TEX. Follow the instructions for multiplepass
reading. ISBN: 0201134489
http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/books.html
TEX for the Beginner by Wynter Snow. An older but very helpful book for learning Plain TEX,
written in a accurate, understandable and sometimes whimsical style. ISBN: 0201547996

Other TEX Resources
TUG The TEX Users Group (TUG) is the local user group (LUG) for TEX users in North America
and any area or language not supported by a local users group. It is run by its members
and supported mostly through annual dues.
http://www.tug.org/
Local Users Groups Because TEX has extraordinary support for languages, local users groups
are available worldwide.
http://tug.org/usergroups.html
CTAN This is the Comprehensive TEX Archive Network, the authoritative collection of materials
related to the TEX typesetting system. Here you can download information, programs and
packages about TEX, LATEX, ConTEXt and more….
http://www.ctan.org/
The TEX Showcase The showcase contains examples of what you can do with TEX, macro packages
such as LATEX and ConTEXt, plus related programs like METAPOST.
http://www.tug.org/texshowcase/

Fonts for TEX—XƎTEX, ConTEXt and LuaTEX
Built-in Fonts
TEX comes with its own fonts, separate from the system fonts. Installing new TEX fonts is complicated
and seldom done because of the availability of XƎTEXand LuaTEX, described below.
Fonts in ConTEXt
Using fonts in ConTEXt is fairly straight forward. You can download a fonts sampler from:
http://pragma-ade.com/specials/fonts/fontspecial-s.pdf
XƎTEX
XƎTEX enables TEX and its variants to use Mac system fonts by merging Unicode and Mac OS X
font technologies into TEX. XƎLATEX typeset this document using the Gentium Book font.
http://tug.org/xetex/
LuaTEX
LuaTEX offers native support for OpenType fonts. In contrast to XƎTEX, the fonts are not accessed
through the operating system libraries, but through a library based on FontForge.
http://www.luatex.org/

Mac OS X TEX/LATEX Wiki & Mailing List
The TEX on Mac OS X wiki is a primary source for finding information about running TEX and its
variations on a Macintosh.
The wiki was started in July 2008 as a replacement to the original TEX on Mac OS X website
created by Gary L. Gray and Joseph C. Slater as a service to the Macintosh TEX community.
On this wiki you can find information and how-to instructions on TEX. It is located at:
http://mactex-wiki.tug.org/
You can also subscribe to the Mac-TEX mailing list:
http://mactex-wiki.tug.org/wiki/index.php/Mailing_lists

TEX Live and MacTEX
MacTEX is a complete installation of TEX Live, packaged for Mac OS X.
In addition to TEX Live, MacTEX installs:
⇒ Ghostscript
⇒ Conversion functions of ImageMagick
⇒ Latin Modern and TEX Gyre fonts in the OS X fonts folder
⇒ Several front end programs including TEXShop text editor for TEX, LATEXiT equation editor,
BibDesk bibliography manager and Excalibur spell checker.
Install options allow you to bypass installation of some of these packages.
The website for MacTEX is:
http://www.tug.org/mactex/
The website for TEX Live is:
http://www.tug.org/texlive/

Current Version of Welcome Doc
You can find the current version of this document at:
http://www.tug.org/mactex/
This document was prepared by Bob Kerstetter, who is responsible for its content, including any omissions and errors. Send your comments to
tex@villagehiker.com.
Version number: 2.0, 2010-08-02.
Version 1.0 was unnumbered. Created 2005-10-26, lightly edited 2008-04-08