Western Mendip - Sustainable Aggregates

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Loess A fine-grained, wind-blown silty soil, often derived from rock flour produced by glaciers. Oolith/ A grain of calcium carbonate formed by precipitation of calcium oolite carbonate around a nucleus, much like a pearl. A limestone made of ooliths is known as an oolite. Outlier A term used to describe an area of younger rocks surrounded by older rocks. Pericline A type of fold, similar to anticline where the rocks are folded upwards, but plunging at each end, forming an elongate structure like an upturned boat. Periglacial A term used to describe very cold conditions. Often used to denote the climate or environment close to the edge of an ice sheet. Phreatic A term used to describe caves which were formed below the water table. Rake A miners term for a mineral vein. Scree A deposit of angular rock fragments at the base of a cliff, often formed by frost shattering during periglacial climates. Smithsonite Zinc ore. Zinc carbonate — ZnCO 3, also known as calamine. Sump Water-filled cave passage, sometimes passable by cave divers. Swallet A local term for a stream sink, commonly developed at the contact between the Avon Group and the Black Rock Limestone. Syncline A type of fold, where the rocks are folded downwards into a u-shape. Thrust fault A fault that is near horizontal or gently dipping, and along which older rocks have been forced over younger rocks. Unconformity A term used to describe the surface between two sets of rocks where there is a time gap or a layer of rocks missing.Where the younger rocks are folded at a different angle to those above, this is termed an angular unconformity. Vadose A term used to describe caves which were formed above the water table. Wadi An Arabic term used to describe an ephemeral water course, only active after storms or during the rainy season. 69
70 Dipping Burrington Oolite exposed at Black Rock, near Cheddar. Water conduit, made from the Blue Lias Limestone, Wells. Useful information How to get to Mendip Car: The Mendips are about 25 km southwest of Bristol, approximately an hours drive via the A38, or the A39. From the M5, take junction 20 and follow the A371 to Banwell, Winscombe, Cheddar and Wells, or the A368 to Churchill, Blagdon and the northern flank of Mendip. The B3134, B3135, and B3371 cross the central Mendip plateau via Burrington Combe and Cheddar Gorge. Rail: Yatton and Weston-super-Mare are both on the national rail network. Bus: Wells is a hub for local bus services, with National Express coach services from Newcastle, York, Birmingham, London, London Heathrow Airport and Weymouth. Local buses link Weston-super- Mare and Wells via Cheddar and Winscombe, Wells and Bath, Wells and Bristol, Wells and Wookey Hole. There is also the Chew Valley Explorer Bus between Bristol and Cheddar via Burrington Combe and Charterhouse. Cycle: The National Cycleway Route 3 crosses the Mendip Hills and links the Bath–Bristol Cycle path to Wells.
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A w a l k e r s ’ g u i d e t o t
Page 3 and 4:
2 Contents Introduction 3 Rocks of
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4 Rocks 0 1.8 24 65 142 205 248 290
Page 7 and 8:
© David Roche Geoconsulting 6 Youn
Page 9 and 10:
8 Rocks of Mendip Quartzitic Sandst
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10 The Ice Age The ‘Ice Age’, w
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12 A galena vein, Star Mine, Shipha
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14 Cheddar Ample parking is availab
Page 17 and 18:
16 Cheddar Gorge North South South-
Page 19 and 20: 18 Cheddar Cheddar Gorge as it is t
Page 21 and 22: 20 Charterhouse Limited parking is
Page 23 and 24: 22 Alpine penny cress. © Sharon Pi
Page 25 and 26: 24 Charterhouse area underlying Car
Page 27 and 28: 26 Blackdown Parking is available a
Page 29 and 30: 28 Blackdown 265m 260m Tyning’s F
Page 31 and 32: 30 Burrington Ample car parking is
Page 33 and 34: 32 The East Twin Brook, flowing off
Page 35 and 36: 34 Burrington Burrington Oolite, th
Page 37 and 38: 36 Shipham and Rowberrow A stone wa
Page 39 and 40: 38 Rowberrow Bottom. The stream her
Page 41 and 42: 40 South flank: Crook Peak Parking
Page 43 and 44: 42 Many small ferns and plants such
Page 45 and 46: 44 Limited parking is available at
Page 47 and 48: 46 Steeply dipping limestone, Sandf
Page 49 and 50: 48 The Parking is available on Prid
Page 51 and 52: 50 N PRIDDY Bowery Corner Swallet +
Page 53 and 54: 52 Parking is available at Deer Lea
Page 55 and 56: 54 Hyena, which once roamed across
Page 57 and 58: 56 South flank: Draycott Cross Swal
Page 59 and 60: 58 Wookey Parking is available at b
Page 61 and 62: 60 Wookey Hole and Ebbor Gorge itse
Page 63 and 64: 62 Wells The area is well served by
Page 65 and 66: 64 one of the group of springs that
Page 67 and 68: 66 Parking is available at Harptree
Page 69: 68 Geological glossary Alluvial fan
Page 73 and 74: 72 Further Priddy Mineries. Humps m
Page 75 and 76: 74 Further Common vetch. © Sharon
Page 77 and 78: 76 Dulcote fountain, created in 186
Page 79: This geological map is based on the
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Western Mendip - Sustainable Aggregates

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