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Diagnosis and Treatment of Suspected Deep Vein Thrombosis

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CLINICAL POLICY<br />

<strong>Diagnosis</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Treatment</strong> <strong>of</strong> Patients with a <strong>Suspected</strong> <strong>Deep</strong> <strong>Vein</strong><br />

<strong>Thrombosis</strong> Policy<br />

For use in: PCT-wide<br />

Target Audience: All Trust Clinical Staff<br />

Purpose Policy for the diagnosis <strong>and</strong> treatment <strong>of</strong><br />

patients with a suspected <strong>Deep</strong> <strong>Vein</strong><br />

<strong>Thrombosis</strong><br />

Document Author: Jenny Murphy<br />

Approved by: Clinical Guidelines Group or Equivalent<br />

Ratified by: Policy Sub-Committee (PSC)<br />

Policy Indexed: HStHCL218<br />

Version Number: 2.0<br />

Effective From: February 2010<br />

Review Date: February 2013<br />

Statutory <strong>and</strong> legal requirements Policy based on recommendations from the<br />

NHS Litigation Authority<br />

Implementation Lead Jenny Murphy<br />

Implementation Process Refer to attached dissemination plan<br />

The Trust is committed to creating an environment that promotes equality <strong>and</strong> embraces<br />

diversity, both within our workforce <strong>and</strong> in service delivery. This document should be<br />

implemented with due regard to this commitment<br />

This document seeks to uphold the duties <strong>and</strong> principles contained within the Human Rights<br />

Act. All Staff within the PCT should be aware <strong>of</strong> its implications<br />

This policy is due for review by February 2013. After this date, this policy <strong>and</strong> associated<br />

process documents may become invalid. All users should ensure that they are consulting the<br />

current version <strong>of</strong> this document.


Key individuals involved in developing the document (Internal Staff Only)<br />

Name(s)<br />

Designation<br />

Jenny Murphy Advanced Practitioner<br />

Elaine McDowell Clinical Service Manager<br />

Distributed to the following for approvals <strong>and</strong> comments<br />

Committee(s)<br />

Members <strong>of</strong> the Policy Sub Committee (PSC)<br />

Members <strong>of</strong> the Clinical Policies Guidelines<br />

Group (CPG)<br />

Individual(s)<br />

Designation<br />

Chris Turner Head <strong>of</strong> Urgent Care<br />

Phillip Chalmers Divisional Manager<br />

Linda Spooner Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Development Manager<br />

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Table <strong>of</strong> Contents<br />

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................4<br />

Purpose........................................................................................................................................4<br />

Scope...........................................................................................................................................5<br />

Policy ...........................................................................................................................................5<br />

Training Requirements.................................................................................................................7<br />

Duties <strong>and</strong> Responsibilities ..........................................................................................................7<br />

Document Storage <strong>and</strong> Filing.......................................................................................................8<br />

References...................................................................................................................................9<br />

Appendix 1 .................................................................................................................................10<br />

Appendix 2 .................................................................................................................................12<br />

Appendix 3 .................................................................................................................................14<br />

Appendix 4 .................................................................................................................................23<br />

Appendix 5 .................................................................................................................................24<br />

Appendix 6 .................................................................................................................................25<br />

Appendix 7 .................................................................................................................................26<br />

Appendix 8 .................................................................................................................................27<br />

Appendix 9 .................................................................................................................................28<br />

Appendix 10 ...............................................................................................................................29<br />

Appendix 11 ...............................................................................................................................30<br />

Appendix 12 ...............................................................................................................................31<br />

Appendix 13 ...............................................................................................................................32<br />

Appendix 14 ...............................................................................................................................33<br />

Appendix 15 ...............................................................................................................................35<br />

Appendix 16 ...............................................................................................................................37<br />

Appendix 17 ...............................................................................................................................38<br />

Appendix 18 ...............................................................................................................................39<br />

Appendix 19 ...............................................................................................................................40<br />

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INTRODUCTION<br />

To comply with the requirements <strong>of</strong> the Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts, Risk Pooling<br />

Schemes for Trusts, best practice <strong>and</strong> NHS guidance, the Trust has implemented an effective<br />

community diagnostic <strong>and</strong> treatment service for the treatment <strong>of</strong> deep vein thrombosis in non -<br />

complex patients in a nurse led environment.<br />

An effective community diagnostic <strong>and</strong> treatment service promotes quality <strong>of</strong> life <strong>and</strong> reduces<br />

the necessity for attendance at the Emergency Department. This document describes the<br />

clinical pathway for patients who are referred by their GP or who self refer to the Widnes Walkin<br />

Centre or the St Helens Minor injuries / Walk-In Centre with a suspected DVT.<br />

Administration <strong>of</strong> Enoxaparin carries potential risks <strong>and</strong> should only be given if the benefits<br />

outweigh these risks. Stringent guidelines must be followed to ensure that the correct drug <strong>and</strong><br />

dose is given to the correct patient at the correct time <strong>and</strong> that any adverse reactions are dealt<br />

with promptly <strong>and</strong> efficiently in accordance with hospital/PCT policies.<br />

This policy is supported by Nursing <strong>and</strong> Midwifery Council guidelines St<strong>and</strong>ards for Medicines<br />

Management.<br />

PURPOSE<br />

The purpose <strong>of</strong> this policy is designed to provide comprehensive guidance to all qualified nurses<br />

within the Walk-In Centres who have undergone appropriate training in delivering a community<br />

DVT service <strong>and</strong> must be read in conjunction with the Enoxaparin PGD. This policy will enable<br />

the organisation to fulfil its obligations under the NHS plan.<br />

Objectives<br />

To sustain a stream line <strong>and</strong> non – fragmented deep vein thrombosis service across<br />

NHS Halton <strong>and</strong> St Helens Primary Care trust<br />

To <strong>of</strong>fer the patient a safe <strong>and</strong> effective diagnostic <strong>and</strong> treatment service <strong>and</strong> promoting<br />

quality <strong>of</strong> life<br />

To reduce the necessity to attend Emergency Department <strong>and</strong> GP assessment unit<br />

therefore reducing hospital admission<br />

Outcome<br />

To reduce the patient journey<br />

Prevent unnecessary medical referrals<br />

Effective use <strong>of</strong> resources within the NHS<br />

More effective treatment <strong>of</strong> patients with suspected non – complex <strong>Deep</strong> <strong>Vein</strong><br />

<strong>Thrombosis</strong><br />

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SCOPE<br />

This policy applies to all qualified nurses within the Walk-In Centre teams who have received<br />

training <strong>and</strong> met competencies both practically <strong>and</strong> theoretically.<br />

POLICY<br />

This policy acknowledges St Helens <strong>and</strong> Knowsley Acute NHS Trust in their support in assisting<br />

in the delivery <strong>of</strong> the community DVT Service.<br />

This process describes the clinical pathway for patients with suspected DVT either self<br />

referring or referred by their GP (see appendix 6)<br />

If the patient is deemed suitable for community diagnosis <strong>and</strong> treatment, the patient will<br />

then be commenced on the DVT pathway (Appendix 3).<br />

Following a holistic assessment, which will include the Wells score, the Nurse Practitioner<br />

will fully discuss the process with the patient. If the patient is happy to proceed with the<br />

pathway, verbal informed consent, to be treated at the WIC by a nurse practitioner, will be<br />

given <strong>and</strong> recorded.<br />

Bloods will be taken for D-dimer, LTF,s, U+E’s, FBC <strong>and</strong> where patient is a diabetic blood<br />

will also be taken for glucose levels.<br />

the result <strong>of</strong> the D Dimer <strong>and</strong> Wells score will determine if the patient commences the<br />

relevant DVT pathway <strong>and</strong> Enoxaparin via PGD ( appendix 4) administered<br />

This process describes the clinical pathway for patients with suspected DVT either self<br />

referring or referred by their GP when the near/ on site patient testing machine is out <strong>of</strong><br />

order.<br />

If the patient is deemed suitable for community diagnosis <strong>and</strong> treatment, the patient will<br />

then be commenced on the DVT pathway (Appendix 7).<br />

Following a holistic assessment, which will include the Wells score, the Nurse Practitioner<br />

will fully discuss the process with the patient. If the patient is happy to proceed with the<br />

pathway, verbal informed consent, to be treated at the WIC by a nurse practitioner, will be<br />

given <strong>and</strong> recorded.<br />

Bloods will be taken for D-dimer, LFT’s, U+E’s, FBC <strong>and</strong> where patient is a diabetic blood<br />

will also be taken for glucose levels.<br />

Bloods will be transported either via normal collection ( twice a day) or taxi. Staff at<br />

Whiston Pathology lab haematology department will be contacted via telephone re<br />

request.<br />

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Once a D Dimer result has been received this <strong>and</strong> the Wells score will determine if the<br />

patient commences the relevant DVT pathway <strong>and</strong> Enoxaparin via PGD ( appendix 4)<br />

administered<br />

The Nurse Practitioner in the Walk-in Centre will be responsible for -:<br />

Taking referrals from General Practitioners in Halton <strong>and</strong> St Helens PCT.<br />

Assessing <strong>and</strong> treating patients who self refer.<br />

Advising GP’s <strong>and</strong> other referring clinicians regarding suitability for treatment in the<br />

community.<br />

Providing advice <strong>and</strong> information to patients concerning their condition, treatment <strong>and</strong><br />

follow up.<br />

Ensuring bloods drawn <strong>and</strong> transported in the agreed manner.<br />

Commencement <strong>of</strong> relevant DVT pathway on receipt <strong>of</strong> D-dimer results, if appropriate.<br />

Administering Enoxaparin as per PGD. ( Appendix 4)<br />

Referral to anticoagulant nurse.(appendix 2)<br />

Referral to Ultrasound. .(appendix 2)<br />

Discussing blood results with the anti coagulant nurse prior to the administration <strong>of</strong> the<br />

second dose <strong>of</strong> Enoxaparin.<br />

Referral to GP or other service as required.<br />

Maintaining accurate records.<br />

Planning education, training <strong>and</strong> continuing pr<strong>of</strong>essional development.<br />

Ensuring that all staff using this policy act within The NMC Code <strong>and</strong> in accordance with<br />

the St<strong>and</strong>ards for Medicines management.<br />

Liaising with the Clinical Governance team for the purpose <strong>of</strong> research <strong>and</strong> audit.<br />

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Haematology Consultants will be responsible for:<br />

The medical care <strong>of</strong> the patients once they have commenced the DVT pathway.<br />

Informing <strong>and</strong> developing appropriate treatment <strong>and</strong> care pathways in collaboration with<br />

nursing staff.<br />

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS<br />

The PCT will ensure that all members <strong>of</strong> the Walk-In Centre staff providing this service will<br />

receive the necessary level <strong>of</strong> training for them to fulfil their individual responsibilities as<br />

identified in this policy. Training for the team regarding Wells assessment <strong>and</strong> the management<br />

<strong>of</strong> the patient on a care pathway is provided in house. Only those members <strong>of</strong> staff detailed in<br />

this Policy who have had specific training to deliver this service can undertake an assessment<br />

<strong>of</strong> patients presenting with a suspected DVT.<br />

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES<br />

Duties within the Organisation<br />

Duties <strong>and</strong> accountabilities <strong>of</strong> directors, committees, specialist staff, <strong>and</strong> authors with<br />

responsibility for procedural documents must be included within the document.<br />

Chief Executive<br />

The Chief Executive is responsible for ensuring compliance with the Hospital/PCT Policies <strong>and</strong><br />

Guidelines, legislation, NHS guidance <strong>and</strong> for ensuring the policy is effective.<br />

Trust Board<br />

The Trust board is responsible for has overall responsibility for ensuring the provision <strong>of</strong><br />

effective clinical services within the organisation, <strong>and</strong> to ensure that the Trust complies with its<br />

statutory obligations.<br />

All Halton & St Helens Staff<br />

All Staff are responsible for adhering to <strong>and</strong> complying with the requirements <strong>of</strong> the policies,<br />

guidelines, protocols <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ard operating procedures (SOPs) contained within <strong>and</strong><br />

applicable to their area <strong>of</strong> operation.<br />

Temporary <strong>and</strong> Agency Staff, Contractors <strong>and</strong> Subcontractors<br />

All Staff are responsible for adhering to <strong>and</strong> complying with the requirements <strong>of</strong> the policies,<br />

guidelines, protocols <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ard operating procedures (SOPs) contained within <strong>and</strong><br />

applicable to their area <strong>of</strong> operation.<br />

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DOCUMENT STORAGE AND FILING<br />

The approved <strong>and</strong> ratified policy document will be uploaded to the document portal. Follow the<br />

link below to view the policy document <strong>and</strong> its related pages:<br />

http://sharepointcompliance/default.aspx<br />

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REFERENCES<br />

Reference<br />

Michiels JJ, Gadisseur, Van der Planken M,<br />

Schroynes W, Berneman Z et al<br />

<strong>Diagnosis</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Deep</strong> <strong>Vein</strong> <strong>Thrombosis</strong>: How many tests<br />

Do We Need?<br />

Acta chir belg 2005, 105, 16-25<br />

Patient Group Direction :Enoxaparin 2009; Halton <strong>and</strong><br />

St Helens PCT, NHS Minor Injuries Walk in Centre.<br />

Wells PS Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al. Evaluation <strong>of</strong><br />

d-Dimer in the diagnosis <strong>of</strong> suspected deep-vein<br />

thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:1227 - 1235<br />

Wells PS Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al. Excluding<br />

pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic<br />

imaging: management <strong>of</strong> patients with suspected<br />

pulmonary embolism presenting to the emergency<br />

department by using a simple clinical model <strong>and</strong> d –<br />

dimmer . Ann Intern med. 2001;135: 98-107.<br />

Wells PS Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al. Wells score<br />

for <strong>Deep</strong> <strong>Vein</strong> <strong>Thrombosis</strong>. Lancet 1997; 350: 1795 -<br />

1798<br />

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Relevance (whole<br />

document or<br />

section, please<br />

state)<br />

Whole 1a<br />

Whole 1v<br />

Whole 1b<br />

Whole 11b<br />

Whole 1b<br />

Evidence<br />

Grade


APPENDIX 1<br />

Glossary <strong>of</strong> Terms<br />

St Helens Minor injuries/Walk-In Centre – refers to the Millennium Centre where patients can<br />

self present or be referred without appointment for treatment <strong>of</strong> minor ailments <strong>and</strong> injuries.<br />

Widnes Walk-in Centre – refers to the Health Care Resource Centre where patients can self<br />

present or be referred without appointment for treatment <strong>of</strong> minor ailments <strong>and</strong> injuries.<br />

WIC- refers to St Helens Minor injuries / walk in centre or Widnes walk in centre<br />

DVT – refers to deep vein thrombosis.<br />

D-Dimer test – refers to the test carried out in the laboratory (or an onsite near patient testing<br />

machine) to confirm or exclude DVT. D-Dimer is a fibrin degradation product generated during<br />

fibrinolysis. D-Dimer concentrations are raised in the setting <strong>of</strong> acute deep vein thrombosis, <strong>and</strong><br />

normal concentrations are expected in the absence <strong>of</strong> acute venous thrombosis unless other,<br />

coexistent conditions that activate the coagulant system are present.<br />

Wells score – refers to a clinical probability tool developed by Wells et al, (1995) which uses a<br />

structured assessment <strong>of</strong> explicit historical <strong>and</strong> physical assessment to stratify patients into low,<br />

moderate <strong>and</strong> high risk <strong>of</strong> deep vein thrombosis.<br />

Nurse Practitioner - refers to a nurse at the Walk-In Centre who have undergone specific<br />

training to assess patients <strong>and</strong> administer where appropriate Enoxaparin via a Patient Group<br />

Direction.<br />

Operational Policy – refers to the document, which guides the clinical pr<strong>of</strong>essional through the<br />

DVT pathway (Appendix B).<br />

Patient Group Direction (PGD) is a written instruction to enable a healthcare pr<strong>of</strong>essional to<br />

supply <strong>and</strong> / or administer a licensed medicine to groups <strong>of</strong> patients how may not be individually<br />

identified before presentation for treatment.( the majority <strong>of</strong> clinical care should be provided on<br />

an individual, patient-specific basis).This must be approved by a team, which includes, a<br />

Director, a Senior Doctor, a Senior Pharmacist<br />

PCT- refers to NHS Halton <strong>and</strong> St Helens Primary Care Trust<br />

ED – refers to Emergency Department Whiston Hospital<br />

GP- refers to General practitioner<br />

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GPAU- refers to the GP assessment unit at Whiston hospital<br />

Single point access refers to out <strong>of</strong> hours GP that covers Halton <strong>and</strong> St Helens<br />

LFT,s refers to Liver Function Tests<br />

U+E,s refers to Urea <strong>and</strong> Electrolytes<br />

FBC refers to Full Blood Count<br />

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APPENDIX 2<br />

REFERRAL FORM TO ANTICOAGULANT NURSES<br />

WHISTON HOSPITAL FROM THE WALK-IN CENTRES<br />

NAME…………………………………………….<br />

ADDRESS………………………………………...<br />

…………………………………………………….<br />

…………………………………………………….<br />

POST CODE……………………………………...<br />

DATE OF BIRTH ….../……../……..<br />

TEL NO…………………………………………...<br />

NEXT OF KIN<br />

TEL NO…………………………………………...<br />

DATE OF REFERAL …../……/……….<br />

GP…………………………………………………<br />

ADDRESS………………………………………..<br />

……………………………………………………<br />

…………………………………………………….<br />

TEL NO…………………………………………...<br />

PATIENT’S WEIGHT………………Kgs<br />

PREVIOUS DVT YES/NO<br />

FAMILY HISTORY YES/NO<br />

EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR WALK-IN CENTRE TREATMENT<br />

PATIENTS UNDER 16 YEARS OF AGE<br />

KNOWN ACTIVE CANCER<br />

SUSPECTED OR PREVIOUS PULMONARY EMBOLUS<br />

SOCIAL REASONS eg NOT INDEPENDENT, NO SUITABLE CARER<br />

NO ACCESS TO A TELEPHONE<br />

IV DRUG USER<br />

ALCOHOL DEPENDENT<br />

PREGNANCY & PATIENTS LESS THAN 6/52 POST PARTUM<br />

HISTORY AND RECORD OF BLOODS TAKEN<br />

D-DIMER RESULT……………………………………<br />

CLINICAL STRATIFICATION LOW RISK MED RISK HIGH RISK<br />

Page 12 <strong>of</strong> 40<br />

YES/NO<br />

YES/NO<br />

YES/NO<br />

YES/NO<br />

YES/NO<br />

YES/NO<br />

YES/NO<br />

YES/NO


ENOXAPARIN (CLEXANE)<br />

DATE DOSE PRESCRIBED BY TIME GIVEN GIVEN BY<br />

DOPPLER REQUEST RIGHT LEG LEFT LEG<br />

DATE AND TIME ……………………………………………………………………..<br />

SIGNATURE………………………………… PRINT NAME……………………………………..<br />

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APPENDIX 3<br />

Click here to view <strong>and</strong> print the document<br />

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APPENDIX 4<br />

GP<br />

Referral with letter <strong>and</strong><br />

phone call<br />

Low *<br />

Clinical assessment<br />

inc. Wells criteria<br />

Risk<br />

stratification<br />

Medium *<br />

Halton <strong>and</strong> St Helens<br />

St. Helens NHS Minor Injuries/ Walk in Centre<br />

Widnes Walk in Centre<br />

Pathway for patients presenting with<br />

<strong>Deep</strong> <strong>Vein</strong> <strong>Thrombosis</strong><br />

At the Walk-in Centre<br />

High *<br />

*Refer to separate pathways overleaf<br />

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? DVT<br />

Self referral<br />

Clinical assessment<br />

Differential<br />

diagnosis<br />

Discharge


APPENDIX 5<br />

Negative D Dimer<br />

500 ng/ml<br />

Give 1 st dose Enoxaparin<br />

Prior to 2 nd dose<br />

Enoxaparin ensure:<br />

Refer to Anti Coagulation<br />

Nurse (ACN) for follow<br />

up.<br />

Blood results have been<br />

checked by practitioner


APPENDIX 6<br />

Negative D Dimer<br />

500ng/ml<br />

Give 1 st dose Enoxaparin<br />

Prior to 2 nd dose Enoxaparin ensure:<br />

Refer to Anti Coagulation Nurse (ACN)<br />

for follow up.<br />

Blood results have been checked by<br />

practitioner<br />

Arrange Doppler<br />

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APPENDIX 7<br />

Negative D Dimer<br />

< 500 ng/ml<br />

Arrange:<br />

Referral to Anti Coagulation<br />

nurse (ACN) for follow up.<br />

Doppler<br />

Halton <strong>and</strong> St Helens<br />

St. Helens NHS Minor injuries / Walk-in Centre<br />

Widnes Walk in Centre<br />

Medium Risk<br />

Well’s score 1-2<br />

D-Dimer FBC, U&E, LFT, Coagulation<br />

screen, Glucose (if diabetic).<br />

D Dimer result<br />

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Positive D Dimer<br />

>500 ng/ml<br />

Recall patient for 1 st dose<br />

Enoxaparin<br />

Prior to 2 nd dose Enoxaparin ensure:<br />

Referral to Anti Coagulation<br />

Nurse (ACN) for follow up.<br />

Blood results have been checked<br />

by practitioner


APPENDIX 8<br />

Negative D Dimer<br />

< 500ng/ml<br />

Arrange:<br />

Referral to Anti<br />

Coagulation nurse<br />

(ACN) for follow<br />

up.<br />

Halton <strong>and</strong> St Helens<br />

St. Helens NHS Minor injuries / Walk-in Centre<br />

Widnes Walk in Centre<br />

Medium Risk<br />

Well’s score 1-2<br />

D-Dimer<br />

FBC, U&E, LFT, Coagulation<br />

screen, Glucose (if diabetic).<br />

Send to Whiston<br />

Lab<br />

Results within 2 hrs<br />

Positive D Dimer<br />

>500ng/ml<br />

Recall patient for 1 st<br />

dose Enoxaparin<br />

Prior to 2 nd dose Enoxaparin ensure:<br />

Referral to Anti Coagulation Nurse<br />

(ACN) for follow up.<br />

Blood results have been checked<br />

by practitioner<br />

Doppler arranged<br />

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APPENDIX 9<br />

Negative D-Dimer<br />

500ng/ml<br />

Halton <strong>and</strong> St Helens<br />

St. Helens NHS Walk-in Centre<br />

Widnes Walk in Centre<br />

Prior to 2 nd dose Enoxaparin ensure:<br />

Refer to Anti Coagulation Nurse<br />

(ACN) for follow up.<br />

Blood results have been<br />

checked by ACN<br />

Arrange Doppler<br />

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APPENDIX 10<br />

Negative D-Dimer<br />

190ng/ml<br />

Halton <strong>and</strong> St Helens<br />

St. Helens NHS Walk-in Centre<br />

Widnes Walk in Centre<br />

Prior to 2 nd dose Enoxaparin<br />

ensure:<br />

Refer to Anti Coagulation<br />

Nurse (ACN) for follow up.<br />

Blood results have been<br />

checked by ACN<br />

Arrange Doppler


APPENDIX 11<br />

Halton <strong>and</strong> St Helens<br />

St. Helens NHS Minor injuries /Walk-in Centre<br />

Widnes Walk in Centre<br />

High Risk<br />

Well’s score >3<br />

D- Dimer<br />

FBC, U&E, LFT, Coagulation<br />

screen, Glucose (if diabetic).<br />

Administer 1 st dose Enoxaparin<br />

Arrange:<br />

Referral to Anti Coagulation<br />

nurse (ACN) for follow up.<br />

Doppler<br />

Prior to 2 nd dose Enoxaparin<br />

ensure:<br />

Blood results have been<br />

checked by practitioner<br />

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APPENDIX 12<br />

Halton <strong>and</strong> St Helens<br />

St. Helens NHS Minor injuries /Walk-in Centre<br />

Widnes Walk in Centre<br />

High Risk<br />

Well’s score >3<br />

D- Dimer FBC, U&E, LFT,<br />

Coagulation screen, Glucose (if<br />

diabetic).<br />

Administer 1 st dose Enoxaparin<br />

Arrange:<br />

Referral to Anti Coagulation<br />

nurse (ACN) for follow up.<br />

Doppler<br />

Prior to 2<br />

Blood results have been<br />

checked by practitioner<br />

nd dose Enoxaparin<br />

ensure:<br />

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APPENDIX 13<br />

Information for patients attending with<br />

<strong>Suspected</strong> <strong>Deep</strong> <strong>Vein</strong> <strong>Thrombosis</strong><br />

Halton <strong>and</strong> St Helens<br />

St Helens MIU/WIC <strong>and</strong> Widnes WIC<br />

Your Doctor has referred you to the Walk-In centre because there is the possibility that you<br />

may have a blood clot in your leg. To find out if this is the case we will discuss with you how to<br />

diagnose your condition. This may include a physical examination, a blood test <strong>and</strong> possibly a<br />

scan <strong>of</strong> your leg at Whiston hospital.<br />

If we believe a blood clot is a strong possibility you may be <strong>of</strong>fered an injection <strong>of</strong> a “blood<br />

thinning” drug called Enoxaparin. If a clot is present this helps to stop it from getting any larger.<br />

If you receive a scan <strong>of</strong> your leg, but we do not find a clot, an anticoagulant nurse will discuss<br />

with you your risk factors <strong>of</strong> having a clot. If you are felt to have risk factors the scan would<br />

usually be repeated in one week.<br />

If the scan finds a clot you would usually be started on Warfarin, another type <strong>of</strong> “blood<br />

thinning” drug. You would be <strong>of</strong>fered education <strong>and</strong> information through the Anticoagulation<br />

Nurse at Whiston Hospital, <strong>and</strong> provide follow up by a consultant regarding your care <strong>and</strong> drug<br />

treatment.<br />

The risk factors <strong>of</strong> having a clot are:<br />

Previous clots<br />

Recent long haul flights<br />

Recent surgery<br />

Immobility<br />

Family history <strong>of</strong> clots<br />

Pregnancy (If you have a positive scan Warfarin will not be started, you will remain on<br />

Clexane).<br />

Please note that it is advised you do not drive until we have a diagnosis or you are pain free.<br />

We recommend you elevate your legs whilst sitting <strong>and</strong> gently mobilise – but if pain increases<br />

on exercise please rest. You are advised to refrain from sporting activities <strong>and</strong> may find it<br />

necessary to take time <strong>of</strong>f work.<br />

Contact numbers for:<br />

Anticoagulant nurse, Whiston 0151 430 1845<br />

St Helen’s Minor injuries/ Walk-In Centre 01744 627400<br />

Widnes Walk in Centre Reception 0151 495 5000<br />

Page 32 <strong>of</strong> 40


APPENDIX 14<br />

Halton <strong>and</strong> St Helens<br />

St. Helens Minor Injuries Unit/NHS Walk-in Centre<br />

Widnes Walk in Centre<br />

Information for patients receiving Enoxoparin (Clexane)<br />

What is Enoxoparin?<br />

Enoxoparin belongs to a group <strong>of</strong> medicines called Low Molecular Weight Heparins.<br />

What is Enoxoparin used for?<br />

Enoxoparin is used to prevent unwanted blood clots from forming in veins <strong>and</strong> to break up blood<br />

clots that have already developed in veins.<br />

How is Enoxoparin given?<br />

Enoxoparin is injected under your skin. The nurse in the Walk-In Centre will administer<br />

your injection.<br />

The nurse will tell you when to attend for your next injection.<br />

It is important that you attend on the time <strong>and</strong> date arranged for any follow-up injections.<br />

Does Enoxoparin have side-effects?<br />

As well as benefits, a medicine may occasionally cause some unwanted effects in some<br />

patients. These are called side-effects.<br />

Side effects <strong>of</strong> Enoxoparin may include:<br />

Pain, bruising <strong>and</strong> mild local irritation at the site <strong>of</strong> injection.<br />

Rarely, hard nodules or lumps at the site <strong>of</strong> the injection, these usually resolve after a<br />

few days.<br />

Skin rashes<br />

Itching<br />

Bleeding disorders, bruising, pain or tenderness in your abdomen, joint pains.<br />

Rarely, hair loss.<br />

If you experience any unusual bleeding, develop any abdominal pain or feel unwell with any<br />

allergic skin rashes or difficulty breathing, attend Accident <strong>and</strong> Emergency immediately. If<br />

you have any questions or concerns regarding your treatment with Enoxoparin please ask<br />

the nurse at the St Helens Minor Injuries Unit/ NHS Walk-In Centre.<br />

OR<br />

Page 33 <strong>of</strong> 40


Telephone:<br />

Anti-Coagulant Nurses on 0151 430 1845 (9am-5pm Mon-Fri)<br />

St Helens Minor Injuries Unit/NHS Walk-In Centre 01744 627400<br />

Widnes Walk in Centre 0151 495 500<br />

NHS Direct 08454647<br />

Page 34 <strong>of</strong> 40


APPENDIX 15<br />

Click here to view <strong>and</strong> print the form<br />

NEW REFERRAL FORM<br />

FOR DIRECT ACCESS OF PATIENT WITH SUSPECTED DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS<br />

St Helens MIU/WIC <strong>and</strong> Widnes WIC<br />

This form is an integral part <strong>of</strong> the DVT pathway <strong>and</strong> therefore should be completed in full.<br />

Failure to do so may result in the patient being referred back to original source depending on<br />

patient’s clinical need.<br />

PATIENTS DETAILS<br />

SURNAME FIRST NAME<br />

………………………………………. ……………………………………<br />

ADDRESS<br />

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………<br />

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………<br />

…………………………………………………………<br />

TEL NUMBER DATE OF BIRTH<br />

…………………………………… ………………………………….<br />

GP NAME / PRACTICE<br />

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………<br />

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………<br />

…………………………………………………………<br />

TEL NUMBER ………………………………………<br />

Brief history <strong>of</strong> presenting complaint /problem<br />

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………<br />

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………<br />

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………<br />

…………………………<br />

Are there any social factors that would prevent the patients frequent return ie mobility or<br />

transport<br />

issues………………………………………………………………………………………………………<br />

Page 35 <strong>of</strong> 40


………………………………………………………………………………………………………………<br />

…………………………………………………………<br />

WELLS SCORE = …………..<br />

Paralysis/paresis/plaster immobilisation <strong>of</strong> lower limbs +1<br />

Bedridden >3 days, major surgery in 4 hrs +1<br />

Active cancer – treatment in previous 6/12 or on palliative treatment +1<br />

Entire leg swollen +1<br />

Calf swollen >3cm (measure 10cm below tibial tuberoscity) +1<br />

L= ……….cm R = ………..cm<br />

Tenderness along deep veins +1<br />

Pitting oedema worse in symptomatic leg +1<br />

Collateral superficial vein ( non varicose) +1<br />

Alternative diagnosis more likely than DVT -2<br />

If a DVT is excluded, what management plan would you advise<br />

Home care Own Analgesia Review with GP in 24hrs<br />

Review with GP in 48 hrs ---------------------please circle<br />

Page 36 <strong>of</strong> 40


APPENDIX 16<br />

Patients excluded from this service<br />

Surgery within the last 4 weeks yes<br />

Children under 16 years old yes<br />

Currently suspected <strong>of</strong> / previous pulmonary embolus yes<br />

Intravenous Drug user yes<br />

Alcohol Dependence yes<br />

Known diagnoses <strong>of</strong> malignant disease yes<br />

Pregnant <strong>and</strong> < 6 weeks post partum yes<br />

Known renal impairment yes<br />

Known hepatic impairment/ severe liver disease yes<br />

known bleeding disorder<br />

(haemophilia/thrombocytopenia)<br />

yes<br />

Pt who have had any type <strong>of</strong> stroke in the last 12 mths yes<br />

Pt who have had neuro or ophthalmic surgery after<br />

major trauma within the past 12 mths<br />

yes<br />

Pt who have diabetic retinopathy yes<br />

Pt with prosthetic heart valves yes<br />

Pt who have had an active oesophageal , gastric,<br />

duodenal ulceration in the last 12 mths<br />

Patients taking the following drugs area also excluded from the PGD <strong>and</strong> should be<br />

referred through usual channels (single point access/GPAU).<br />

Dipyridamole<br />

Dextran<br />

Thrombolytics<br />

Anti coagulation<br />

Drotrecogin alfa<br />

Iioprost<br />

Sibutramine<br />

Systemic glucocorticoids<br />

If you are unsure <strong>of</strong> whether the patient meets the criteria, please ring <strong>and</strong> speak to a member<br />

<strong>of</strong> MIU/WIC Team 01744 627403/627426<br />

Page 37 <strong>of</strong> 40<br />

yes


APPENDIX 17<br />

Patients excluded from community DVT service<br />

to be used in conjunction with PGD<br />

Surgery within the last 4 weeks yes<br />

Children under 16 years old yes<br />

Currently suspected <strong>of</strong> / previous pulmonary embolus yes<br />

Intravenous Drug user yes<br />

Alcohol Dependence yes<br />

Known diagnoses <strong>of</strong> malignant disease yes<br />

Pregnant <strong>and</strong> < 6 weeks post partum yes<br />

Known renal impairment yes<br />

Known hepatic impairment/ severe liver disease yes<br />

known bleeding disorder<br />

(haemophilia/thrombocytopenia)<br />

yes<br />

Pt who have had any type <strong>of</strong> stroke in the last 12 mths yes<br />

Pt who have had neuro or ophthalmic surgery after<br />

major trauma within the past 12 mths<br />

yes<br />

Pt who have diabetic retinopathy yes<br />

Pt with prosthetic heart valves yes<br />

Pt who have had an active oesophageal , gastric,<br />

duodenal ulceration in the last 12 mths<br />

yes<br />

Halton <strong>and</strong> St Helens<br />

Patients taking the following drugs area also excluded from the PGD <strong>and</strong> should be<br />

referred through usual channels (single point access/GPAU).<br />

Dipyridamole<br />

Dextran<br />

Thrombolytics<br />

Anti coagulation<br />

Drotrecogin alfa<br />

Iioprost<br />

Sibutramine<br />

Systemic glucocorticoids<br />

Page 38 <strong>of</strong> 40


APPENDIX 18<br />

EQUALITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT TOOL<br />

To be completed with the policy document when submitted to the appropriate committee for<br />

consideration, approval <strong>and</strong> ratification.<br />

1. Does the policy/guidance affect one group less or<br />

more favourably than another on the basis <strong>of</strong>:<br />

Race NO<br />

Ethnic origins (including gypsies <strong>and</strong> travellers) NO<br />

Nationality NO<br />

Gender NO<br />

Culture NO<br />

Religion or belief NO<br />

Sexual orientation including lesbian, gay <strong>and</strong><br />

bisexual people<br />

Yes/No Comments<br />

NO<br />

Age NO<br />

Disability - learning disabilities, physical disability,<br />

sensory impairment <strong>and</strong> mental health problems<br />

2. Is there any evidence that some groups are<br />

affected differently?<br />

3. If you have identified potential discrimination, are<br />

there any exceptions valid, legal <strong>and</strong>/or<br />

justifiable?<br />

4. Is the impact <strong>of</strong> the policy/guidance likely to be<br />

negative?<br />

5. If so can the impact be avoided? NA<br />

6. What alternative are there to achieving the<br />

policy/guidance without the impact?<br />

7. Can we reduce the impact by taking different<br />

action?<br />

If you have identified a potential discriminatory impact <strong>of</strong> this policy document, please refer it to<br />

Jenny Murphy, together with any suggestions as to the action required to avoid/reduce this<br />

impact. For advice in respect <strong>of</strong> answering the above questions, please contact Jenny Murphy.<br />

Page 39 <strong>of</strong> 40<br />

NO<br />

NO<br />

NA<br />

NA<br />

NA<br />

NA


APPENDIX 19<br />

DISSEMINATION AND TRAINING PLAN<br />

To be completed with the policy document when submitted to the appropriate committee for<br />

consideration, approval <strong>and</strong> ratification.<br />

The status column must be given a Red, Amber or Green rating with evidence to demonstrate<br />

an action has been completed.<br />

DISSEMINATION PLAN<br />

Title <strong>of</strong> document:<br />

<strong>Diagnosis</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Treatment</strong> <strong>of</strong> Patients with<br />

a <strong>Suspected</strong> <strong>Deep</strong> <strong>Vein</strong> <strong>Thrombosis</strong><br />

Policy<br />

Dissemination Lead: (Print name <strong>and</strong><br />

contact details)<br />

Jenny Murphy<br />

Proposed action to retrieve out-<strong>of</strong>-date<br />

copies <strong>of</strong> the document:<br />

Date finalised:<br />

February 2010<br />

To be disseminated to: Disseminated<br />

by whom?<br />

TRAINING PLAN<br />

Previous document already being used? Yes (Please delete as<br />

appropriate)<br />

If yes, in what format <strong>and</strong> where?<br />

Paper Copy St Helens MIU/WIC<br />

Jenny<br />

Murphy<br />

Event (Please provide details <strong>of</strong> available training venues/dates to<br />

educate staff about this policy document)<br />

Page 40 <strong>of</strong> 40<br />

Timescale<br />

(Date)<br />

Within a<br />

month<br />

Training for staff will be provided in the MIU/WIC ( St Helens <strong>and</strong> Widnes )<br />

in scheduled sessions<br />

Training Plan Lead (Please provide details <strong>of</strong> staff who will be<br />

responsible for overseeing this training)<br />

Jenny Murphy Advanced Practitioner<br />

Elaine McDowell Clinical Service Manager<br />

Additional information (Please provide details <strong>of</strong> any processes in place<br />

to support implementation)<br />

Status<br />

R A G<br />

Paper<br />

or<br />

Electronic<br />

Comments<br />

Timescale Owner Status<br />

R A G<br />

Denotes: Action not yet taken or deadline for action not met. Action plan to address this must be provided.<br />

Denotes: Action partially implemented.<br />

Denotes: Action complete.

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