Body Condition Scoring - the American Miniature Zebu Asssoication

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Toxicity signs may appear at 50 to 200 ppm. Symptoms include excess salivation, watery nasal discharge, and coughing. Iodine (I) Synthesis of thyroxine. Big neck in calves; goitrogenic substances may cause deficiency. Nutritional anemia. Iron concentration exceeding 1,000ppm is characterized by diarrhea, hyperthermia, metabolic acidosis, and reduced feed intake and daily gain. Iron (Fe) Part of hemoglobin; part of many enzyme systems Toxicity symptoms include jaundice, liver damage, and death. Upper limit is considered 80 ppm. Severe diarrhea; abnormal appetite; poor growth; coarse, bleached, or graying of hair coat; osteomalcia. Copper (Cu) Needed for the manufacture of hemoglobin; coenzyme. Upper limit is 10 to 20 ppm. Signs of toxicity include reduced feed intake and body weight; emaciation; weakness; anemia. Reduced appetite; anemia; decreased milk production; rough hair coat. Cobalt (Co) Part of vitamin B12; needed for growth of rumen microorganisms. Maximum safe level is 1000 ppm. Excess interferes with iron metabolism and Delayed or decreased signs of estrus; poor conception. Growth; bone formation; enzyme activator. Manganese (Mn) induces hypomagnesia. Maximum safe level is not more than 500 ppm. Decreased weight gains; lowered feed efficiency; skin problems; slow wound healing; listlessness. Zinc (Zn) Enzyme activator; wound healing.
TOXICITY SYMPTOMS AND PROBLEMS MINERAL FUNCTION DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS, AS- SOCIATED PROBLEMS (LEVELS LOWER THAN NRC, Maximum safe level is 3 to 5 ppm.Toxicity shown by “alkali disease” or “blind stag- 1989) White muscle disease in calves; retained plcenta. gers”; lameness; sloughed hooves. Maximum safe level is 6 ppm.Symptoms include emaciation; intense liquid diarrhea; weakness; stiffness; hair color changes. Loss of weight; emaciation; diarrhea. Selenium (Se) Functions with certain enzymes; associated with vitamin E. Molybdenum (Mo) Part of the enzyme xanthine oxidase. Sources: Compiled from Jurgens, M. H. Animal Feeding and Nutrition, 5th ed. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1982, and National Research Council (NRC), 1989. 32
Page 1 and 2: AMERICAN MINIATURE AMZA ZEBU ASSOCI
Page 3: Letter from the President Hello aga
Page 6 and 7: Body condition or changes in body c
Page 8 and 9: 4 Borderline Foreribs not noticeabl
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Page 12 and 13: for 1.5 to two months. Producers sh
Page 14 and 15: Feeder Design Makes a Difference by
Page 16 and 17: Results and Discussion The effect o
Page 18 and 19: Grazing Management for Spring Pastu
Page 20 and 21: The Esophageal Groove, or Where Doe
Page 22 and 23: Why Does Closure Make a Difference?
Page 24 and 25: Calf Nutrition: Proper Rumen Develo
Page 26 and 27: Diet: Milk Only Diet: Milk and Grai
Page 28 and 29: Diet: Milk, Hay, and Grain Diet: Mi
Page 30 and 31: Types of Feeds and Feed Nutrients F
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Page 36 and 37: or production. High molybdenum may
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Page 40 and 41: A Albert, Devin 4590 Ruby Lee Lane
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Page 46: Letter from the Editor Hi, everybod

Body Condition Scoring - the American Miniature Zebu Asssoication

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