Fundamentals of Modern Belarusian - Pravapis.org

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Nouns with the genitive singular endings –у or –ю are typically words that are used in the partitive sense. In other words, some portion of a whole is implied. Typically, such words represent more abstract ideas. They can usually be described in English with the word “much.” If a word in English cannot have an article like “the” applied to it, it will have the –у or -ю genitive ending in Belarusian. 18 • Nouns that denote a group, gathering, or collection of other things • Natural phenomena, characteristics, actions, and spatial directions • Substances and other nouns that can be described in English by the word “much” выгляду of the glance роду of the type дажджу of rain сну of sleep колеру of color усходу of the east набору of the collection холаду of the cold натоўпу of the crowd цукру of sugar 3.3 Genitive plural endings It is often very difficult to predict the genitive plural endings of nouns. The genitive plural form must be memorized for every feminine noun, and for masculine nouns ending in –ь. Feminine nouns ending in –а or -я are the most problematic. вежа вежаў of the spires зямля земляў of the lands галава галоў of the heads крама крамаў of the shops галіна галін of the branches лінія ліній of the lines зорка зорак of the stars сям'я сем'яў of the families Masculine nouns ending in –ь also have this issue. госць гасцей of the guests локаць локцяў of the elbows конь коней of the horses пень пнёў of the stumps Some nouns can have either ending. мяжа меж or межаў of the boundaries сасна сосен or соснаў of the pine-trees хата хат or хатаў of the cottages
3.4 Irregular prepositional endings Many maculine and neuter nouns with unaccented endings whose final consonant г or х, have irregular prepositional singular endings. The final consonant morphs into з or с respectively. бераг на беразе on the shore верх на версе on top кажух у кажусе* in the leather jacket луг на лузе in the field начлег на начлезе in the lodgings парог на парозе at the threshold снег на снезе on the snow стог на стозе on the haystack *The form у кажуху is equally common. The following masculine and neuter nouns have irregular prepositional forms. брат аб брату about the brother горб на гарбу on the hump меч на мячы on the sword пост на пасту at the watch-post ход на хаду in motion гняздо у гняздзе in the nest малако у малацэ in milk рэха у рэсе in the echo 3.5 Feminine Instrumental Ending Variation There exists a variation of the instrumental ending for feminine nouns ending in –а or –я. This alternate ending is created by replacing the final -й with a -ю. This variation is common, but is non-standard and should be avoided by the non-native speaker. This variation extends to adjectives and pronouns as well. абуля толькі галавою паківала. The old lady just shook her head. Я пайду з табою разам. I will go together with you. пэўнаю перасцярогаю ў душы, ураў With definite caution in his soul, Burau пераступіў і другі парог. crossed the second doorway also. 19
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Page 3 and 4: Chapter 1 Spelling Rules It is impo
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Page 9 and 10: Masculine nouns with unaccented end
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за- Verbs with this prefix have t
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Chapter 20 Gerunds and Participles
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Chapter 21 The Nominative Case 21.1
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на on 76 to дні. аставі
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23.1 Use of the genitive case Chapt
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звыш [used to mean a surpassing
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Chapter 25 The Instrumental Case 25
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Chapter 26 The Prepositional Case 2
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27.1 Preposition variation Chapter
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28.1 Real conditional sentences Cha
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29.3 The adverbs болей, мен
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30.1 Coordinating conjuctions Chapt
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трэба it is necessary а ко
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GNU Free Documentation License Vers
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The Document may include Warranty D
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unaltered in their text and in thei
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its Title (section 1) will typicall
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