STRENGTHENING OF STONE MASONRY ARCH BRIDGES THREE ...

INDEX
CHAPTER 1
HISTORY
CHAPTER 2
1.1 – R OMAN BRIDGES 7
1.2 – M EDIEVAL BRIDGES 11
MASONRY ARCH BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION 15
CHAPTER 3
2.1 – GENERAL 15
2.2 – FOUNDATIONS 17
2.3 – PIERS 18
2.4 – ARCH 19
2.5 – SPANDREL WALLS AND PARAPETS 21
2.6 – FILL MATERIAL 21
STRUCTURAL SCHEME AND PRINCIPLES 23
CHAPTER 4
COMMON PROBLEMS 27
4.1 – SCOUR OF FOUNDATIONS 27
4.2 – ARCH RING 29
4.2.1 – SPLITTING BENEATH OF SPANDREL WALLS 29
4.2.2 – PROBLEMS DUE TO MOVEMENT OF ABUTTMENTS 30
4.3 – SPANDREL WALLS 31
4.4 – FILL MATERIAL 32
4.5 – NATURAL STONE 32
CHAPTER 5
REPAIR AND STRENGTHENING TECHNIQUES 37
5.1 – IDENTIFICATION OF DEFECTS 38
5.2 – PRESSURE POINTING AND GROUTING 38
5.3 – TIE BARS 39
5.4 – REBUILDING 40
5.5 – SADDLING 40
5.6 – INVERT SLABS 41
5.7 – STITCHING LONGITUDINAL CRACKS 42
5.8 – GUNITTING OF SOFFIT 42
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