- Page 1 and 2: Survival in the Sahel An ecological
- Page 3 and 4: Survival in the Sahel An ecological
- Page 5 and 6: Contents Foreword ix Introduction 3
- Page 7 and 8: ,j The Political Situation 125 4 En
- Page 9 and 10: Appendix Lessons Learned: A Private
- Page 11 and 12: deemed to have a better chance of s
- Page 13: of this book is to encourage intere
- Page 17 and 18: the obstacles are becoming almost i
- Page 19 and 20: tion is inappropriate, for progress
- Page 21 and 22: Figure 1 The Sahel zone Mauritania
- Page 23 and 24: 2 Historical Overview The history o
- Page 25 and 26: Trade also demanded a division of l
- Page 27 and 28: 3 Population 3.1 Demographic develo
- Page 29 and 30: However, only a small portion of th
- Page 31 and 32: Table 2 Urbanization in the Sahel (
- Page 33 and 34: Table 3 Economic and social develop
- Page 35 and 36: increase in food imports in 30 year
- Page 37 and 38: esult that already scarce resources
- Page 39 and 40: At the height of summer the sun is
- Page 41 and 42: Figure 3 Climate and the environmen
- Page 43 and 44: half of what it had been ft) 1983,
- Page 45 and 46: 5.4 Vegetation As precipitation inc
- Page 47 and 48: Overuse of the remaining forest and
- Page 49 and 50: degradation has at least had simila
- Page 51 and 52: Biological and natural resources (i
- Page 53 and 54: In some cases Sahelian governments
- Page 55 and 56: in the Sahel. At least, this is the
- Page 57 and 58: that rainfall was becoming more sca
- Page 59 and 60: good thanks to abundant rainfall in
- Page 61 and 62: for combating desertification6 and
- Page 63 and 64: per sq km under present land-use pr
- Page 65 and 66:
which allowed soil fertility tobe r
- Page 67 and 68:
ists in the Sahel regard cattle as
- Page 69 and 70:
in the Sahel by 30 ;ercent. This me
- Page 71 and 72:
7 Women and the Struggle for Surviv
- Page 73 and 74:
harvest, even if there wasn't much
- Page 75 and 76:
absent for brief or prolonged perio
- Page 77 and 78:
care if women and children suffer."
- Page 79 and 80:
the process. Hopefully, this new as
- Page 81 and 82:
Women have gained self-respect and
- Page 83 and 84:
8 Sustainable Development Although
- Page 85 and 86:
with the drought of 1968-73, which
- Page 87 and 88:
The agroforestry example clearly il
- Page 89 and 90:
factor is that NGOs are less bureau
- Page 91 and 92:
Conservation effects • less water
- Page 93 and 94:
zations will also be required to ac
- Page 95 and 96:
series of drought-related famines t
- Page 97 and 98:
years-not always consistently over
- Page 99 and 100:
cooking or preparation time. High y
- Page 101 and 102:
People and resources.As discussed i
- Page 103 and 104:
important) problems thai: remain to
- Page 105 and 106:
in Agricultural Research (SACCAR),
- Page 107 and 108:
majority of the varieties and techn
- Page 109 and 110:
mation sciences, as well as on the
- Page 111 and 112:
Notes I Economic Commission for Afr
- Page 113 and 114:
Entwicklung." Hoffmann und Campe. H
- Page 115 and 116:
and international aid organizations
- Page 117 and 118:
83 See Baldwin, S. et al., "Improve
- Page 119 and 120:
Rural Development in Subsaharan Afr
- Page 121 and 122:
I Mali: A Typical Sahelian Country
- Page 123 and 124:
1 Geography and Ethnic Composition
- Page 125 and 126:
Today pirogues (traditional wooden
- Page 127 and 128:
a "caste" system, is disintegrating
- Page 129 and 130:
Cotton is Mali's most important exp
- Page 131 and 132:
Table 7 (cont'd) Foreign Trade' Exp
- Page 133 and 134:
zations such as the United Nations
- Page 135 and 136:
een dismissed by the previous gover
- Page 137 and 138:
of charcoal and wood-burning stoves
- Page 139 and 140:
impossible to avoid. Infrastructura
- Page 141 and 142:
5 Agriculture The performance of Ma
- Page 143 and 144:
Figure 6 Mali's desert zone, ened w
- Page 145 and 146:
In the area around Gao 1,750,000 he
- Page 147 and 148:
f.ig 4 re 8 Mali's river basins Nig
- Page 149 and 150:
Figure 9 Mali's savanna zones dry s
- Page 151 and 152:
variability. Maize also requires ce
- Page 153 and 154:
was obliged to sell it at the low o
- Page 155 and 156:
spite of this important development
- Page 157 and 158:
ally not suited to the new environm
- Page 159 and 160:
most important cereal crop in the w
- Page 161 and 162:
5.7 Millet and sorghum: supply and
- Page 163 and 164:
cities are employed outside the hom
- Page 165 and 166:
Small farmers in Mali want to minim
- Page 167 and 168:
istles and husk,, and dark husks an
- Page 169 and 170:
just to keep up with current and fu
- Page 171 and 172:
production of millet and sorghum in
- Page 173 and 174:
Swiss CIBA-GEIGY Foundation for Coo
- Page 175 and 176:
station produces basic Toroniou see
- Page 177 and 178:
als, and trace elements. Such defic
- Page 179 and 180:
" During planting and after harvest
- Page 181 and 182:
Notes I All figures used in this ch
- Page 183 and 184:
35 See Chinsman, B., Op. cit. 36 37
- Page 185 and 186:
II Conclusion
- Page 187 and 188:
moved, first to guarantee survival
- Page 189 and 190:
agricultural development. Examples
- Page 191 and 192:
Notes 1 See also McNamara, R., Afri
- Page 193 and 194:
LESSONS LEARNED: A PRIVATE-SECTOR F
- Page 195 and 196:
internal review of the situation, t
- Page 197 and 198:
Repeatable Lesson: The creation and
- Page 199 and 200:
station. Animal traction training t
- Page 201 and 202:
farm and 3tation fields On-station
- Page 203 and 204:
Table 1.Blueprintof the technology
- Page 205 and 206:
Repeatable lessons: The definition
- Page 207 and 208:
ochure and poster (in both the Fren
- Page 209 and 210:
Rational use of manure and compost.
- Page 211 and 212:
Over the long run it is likely that