08-0415 LECTURE.pdf
08-0415 LECTURE.pdf
08-0415 LECTURE.pdf
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Basal archosaurs that aren’t dinosaurs (“thecodonts”)<br />
Herbivores<br />
Rhynchosaurs<br />
Carnivores<br />
Rauisuchians<br />
Aetosaurs Phytosaurs<br />
DERIVED TRAITS<br />
1. Bilateral, notochord + nerve cord, segmented muscles<br />
2. Big head with brain, bony skeleton<br />
3. True jaws<br />
4. Four weight-bearing limbs, neck, loss of gills, lungs<br />
5. Amniotic egg, thick skin, distinctive skulls<br />
6. One temporal fenestra, low<br />
7. Distinctive skull roof and neck vertebrae<br />
8. Two temporal fenestrae<br />
9. Teeth in sockets, antorbital and mandibular fenestrae, rotating<br />
ankles<br />
10. Erect stance (90° angle at hip, knee in line with hip and foot),<br />
advanced metatarsal ankle<br />
11. Elongate digit IV + many flight specializations<br />
12. Three or more sacral vertebrae, perforate acetabulum, weight on<br />
middle toe, walk on toes<br />
2
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