Trotsky - The Revolution Betrayed.pdf - Mehring Books

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286 Biographical & Historical Glossary RSDLP in 1901, emigrating as a Bolshevik in 1903. While abroad, he formed, along with Lenin and Zinoviev, the central leadership of the party. Kamenev was arrested in 1915, sent to Siberia and freed after the February 1917 revolution. He led the Bolsheviks until Lenin's return, editing Pravda and taking a position of critical support for the bourgeois Provisional Government. He opposed the insurrection of October 1917 as an adventure doomed to failure. Other principal innerparty opponents of the seizure of power included Zinoviev, Rykov, Nogin, Miliutin, Shlyapnikov, Ryazanov, Larin and Lozovsky. Kamenev held various leading posts in the first workers' state: chairman of the Second Congress of Soviets, chairman of the Central Executive Committee, deputy chairman of the Council of People's Commissars. He was nominated by Lenin to execute his will. Kamenev sided with Zinoviev and Stalin (the "Triumvirate") against the Left Opposition from 1923-1925. In 1926, he and Zinoviev broke with Stalin and joined Trotsky's faction, forming the Joint Opposition. After the bureaucracy counterattacked, expelling the leaders of the Opposition from the party, Kamenev, along with Zinoviev, rapidly capitulated to the Thermidorean reaction. Trotsky commented: "As in 1917, on the eve of October, they had become frightened of a break with the petty-bourgeois democracy, so ten years later they [Zinoviev and Kamenev] became frightened of a break with the Soviet bureaucracy." Despite abasing himself before the bureaucracy, Kamenev was never restored to a position of authority. He was arrested in 1935, made a defendant in the first Moscow Trial in 1936 and shot. Kamenev was rehabilitated in 1988. KATHEDER-SOZIALISMUS. "Socialism of the [professorial] chair." A trend in bourgeois ideology between 1870 and 1890, represented primarily by economics professors in Germany. They claimed that socialism could be achieved only through the gradual extension of state ownership and the introduction of factory acts to regulate working
Biographical & Historical Glossary 287 conditions, i.e., without infringing on the rights of the capitalists. KELLOGG PACT. A worthless international agreement signed by fifteen countries in 1928 renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy. It was later ratified by sixty-three nations, including the USSR. It drew its name from Frank Kellogg (1856-1937), US Secretary of State. KERENSKY, ALEKSANDER FEDOROVICH (1881-1970). A Russian petty-bourgeois politician who became the leader of the bourgeois Provisional Government which was overthrown by the October Revolution. Kerensky originally gained fame as a defense lawyer in political cases. A member of the Duma, leader of the Trudovik (Labor) group, Kerensky officially joined the Social Revolutionary Party in March 1917. After the February Revolution, Kerensky became the deputy head of the Provisional Committee of the Duma (precursor to the Provisional Government) and deputy chairman of the Petrograd Soviet. He served as minister of justice (March-May 1917), minister of defense (May-September 1917) and prime minister from July 21 until the October Revolution. Kerensky's administration held power as long as the masses had illusions in the petty-bourgeois democracy. He edited the Social Revolutionary newspaper in Berlin and Paris, 1922-1932, moving to the US in 1940. He died in New York City. KHINCHUK, LEV MIKHAILOVICH (1868- ?). One of a group of Soviet diplomats appointed by Stalin (others included Alexander Troyanovsky, Ivan Maisky, Vladimir Potemkin, Yakov Suritz), who had been open enemies of the October Revolution. These former opponents of Bolshevism joined the Communist Party as part of an enormous influx of petty-bourgeois and careerist elements after the consolidation of the Soviet state. Khinchuk himself was a Menshevik from 1903 and opposed the insurrection of 1917. He became a member of the counterrevolutionary "Committee for the Salvation of the Fatherland
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The Revolution Betrayed
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Originally published in 1937 © 199
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Contents Introduction ix Author's I
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Introduction In the annals of polit
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Introduction xi society whose chara
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Introduction xi society whose chara
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Introduction xiii machinations of t
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Introduction xv Just as internation
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Introduction xvii The prolongation
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Introduction xix forces — permitt
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Introduction xxi country, his decla
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Introduction xxiii Opposition in th
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Introduction XXV the Second Interna
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Introduction xxvii cally substantia
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Introduction xxix The turn by the U
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Introduction xxxi piece of soothsay
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Introduction xxxiii The Revolution
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Introduction XXXV imperialism and t
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Introduction xxxvii downfall depend
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Introduction xxxvn downfall depende
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Introduction xxxix victorious revol
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Introduction xii of housing, workin
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Introduction xliii incapable of bec
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Introduction xiv Involution and the
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Introduction xlvii Stalinists' expr
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Introduction xlix of an informal be
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Introduction li jng West Germany),
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Introduction liii admiration for th
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Introduction lv tion of Marxism by
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2 Author's Introduction The writing
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4 Author's Introduction with it. We
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6 What Has Been Achieve consequentl
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8 What Has Been Achieved firmly hop
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10 What Has Been Achiei The struggl
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12 What Has Been Achieved speckled
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14 What Has Been Achiei blast furna
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16 What Has Been Achieved States, t
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CHAPTER TWO Economic Development an
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fl/ar Communism, NEP and the Course
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War Communism, NEP and the Course t
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yjar Communism, NEP and the Course
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Communism, NEP and the Course towar
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4 Sharp Turn 29 aiitry was denounce
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A Sharp Turn 31 empirics now decide
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^ Sharp Tarn ain only "islands in a
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n 35 ASharp1u 48 million poods, tha
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A Sharp Turn tries w a s there an a
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CHAPTER THREE Socialism and the Sta
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f he Transitional Regime 41 fllarx
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Program and Reality 43 only a dying
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fhe Dual Character of the Workers'
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fhe Dual Character of the Workers'
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"Generalized Want" and the Gendarme
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The "Complete Triumph of Socialism"
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fhe "Complete Triumph of Socialism"
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The "Complete Triumph of Socialism"
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58 The Struggle for Productivity of
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CHAPTER FIVE The Soviet Thermidor W
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Why Stalin Triumphed 77 the head of
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Why Stalin Triumphed 79 the install
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Why Stalin Triumphed 79 the install
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fhe Degeneration of the Bolshevik P
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The Degeneration of the Bolshevik P
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The Degeneration of the Bolshevik P
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fhe Social Roots of Thermidor 91 Th
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fhe Social Roots of Thermidor 93 gu
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fhe Social Roots of Thermidor 95 co
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The Social Roots of Thermidor 97 co
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CHAPTER SIX The Growth of Inequalit
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Want, Luxury and Speculation 101 In
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Want, Luxury and Speculation 103 ar
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The Differentiation of the Proletar
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fhe Differentiation of the Proletar
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The Differentiation of the Proletar
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Social Contradictions in the Collec
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Social Contradictions in the Collec
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The Social Physiognomy of the Rulin
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CHAPTER SEVEN Family, Youth and Cul
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Thermidor in the Family 125 shamefa
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Thermidor in the Family 127 who can
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Thermidor in the Family 129 These g
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Thermidor in the Family 131 iron ec
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Thermidor in the Family 133 mere st
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The Struggle against the Youth 135
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Nationality and Culture 145 The cul
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Nationality and Culture 147 If we l
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Nationality and Culture 149 it has
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Nationality and Culture 151 that, d
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Nationality and Culture 153 ing dep
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Nationality and Culture 155 his rea
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Nationality and Culture 157 creativ
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160 Foreign Policy and the Army tus
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162 Foreign Policy and the Army In
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164 Foreign Policy and the Army far
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166 Foreign Policy and the Army Sov
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168 Foreign Policy and the Army to
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170 Foreign Policy and the Army mor
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172 Foreign Policy and the Army ary
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174 Foreign Policy and the Army imp
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176 Foreign Policy and the Army stu
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178 Foreign Policy and the Army Wes
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180 Foreign Policy and the Army cir
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182 Foreign Policy and the Army cul
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184 Foreign Policy and the Army con
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186 Foreign Policy and the Army bou
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188 Foreign Policy and the Army cha
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190 Foreign Policy and the Army the
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192 Foreign Policy and the Army Sov
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194 Foreign Policy and the Army Dip
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196 Foreign Policy and the Army was
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198 Foreign Policy and the Army esp
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200 What Is the USSR? peasants and
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202 What Is the USSR? Soviet state
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204 What Is the USSR? homeless cons
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206 What Is the USSR? collective fa
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208 What Is the USSR? grow indefini
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210 What Is the USSR? which, given
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212 What Is the USSR? dominion in t
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214 What Is the USSR? of the prolet
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216 What Is the USSR? us back to th
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CHAPTER TEN The USSR in the Mirror
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Work "According to One's Abilities"
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The Soviets and Democracy 223 To be
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The Soviets and Democracy 225 hundr
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Democracy and the Party 227 with po
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Democracy and the Party 229 In tryi
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Democracy and the Party 231 nonpart
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CHAPTER ELEVEN Whither the Soviet U
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Page 303 and 304: The Struggle of the Bureaucracy wit
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Page 307 and 308: The Inevitability of a New Revoluti
Page 309 and 310: The Inevitability of a New Revoluti
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Page 314 and 315: 250 Appendix suggested to Stalin, i
Page 316 and 317: 252 Appendix remains a long histori
Page 318 and 319: 254 Appendix tortoise tempo had fal
Page 320 and 321: 256 Appendix The spokesman at the c
Page 322 and 323: 258 Appendix "friends," preferring
Page 324 and 325: 260 Appendix bureaucracy, receiving
Page 326 and 327: 262 Appendix who yearn for the past
Page 329 and 330: Notes Chapter One. What Has Been Ac
Page 331 and 332: Notes 267 bureaucracy through the A
Page 333 and 334: Notes 269 counterrevolution" (Probl
Page 335: Notes 271 governments came to power
Page 338 and 339: 274 Biographical & Historical Gloss
Page 378 and 379: 314 Index Executive Committee; Demo
Page 380 and 381: 316 Index Education, 40, 131, 137,1
Page 382 and 383: 318 Index ists, 64,84,155,223-24,25
Page 384 and 385: 320 Index Property, personal, 221-2
Page 386: 322 Index White guards, 140-41, 239
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