320 Index Property, personal, 221-22 Prostitution, 126-27,130,134,207 Protectionism, 6 Quality, 12,235-36 Radek, Karl, 52 Railroads, 11,15,101,184, 252 Rakovsky, Christian, 77, 86-88, 120, 230 Rapallo, treaty of, 160-61 Red Army, 10-11, 36, 44, 78, 100, 148,160,166,173-91,197,199, 231 Reformism (reformists), 8,43,163, 247, 261-62 Religion, 39,131-32,139 Restoration, capitalist, 38, 92, 94, 168,207, 213-16, 228,243, 257 <strong>Revolution</strong>, 76; of 1905,149 <strong>Revolution</strong>ary party,, See Bolshevik Party <strong>Revolution</strong>ary vanguard. See Proletarian vanguard <strong>Revolution</strong>ary wars, 162,173,179 Rhineland, 165,170 Riga, peace of, 160,165 Right Opposition, 29-30,85,239 Robespierre, Maximilien, 76 Rolland, Romain, 2 Romania, 186 Roosevelt, Franklin, 49, 209 Ruble, 13, 60, 62, 65-70,129, 234 See also Money system Russification, 151 Rykov, Aleksei, 25-26, 29-30, 85 Sabotage, accusations of, 28, 62, 73,95; kulak, 36 Schmidt, Otto, 136 Schools, See Education Schussnigg, Kurt von, 262 Science, 153-54, 202, 224, 235,247 "Scissors, the," 22 Scripps-Howard, 169 Second International, 172 Secret ballot, 225-26,230, 237 Serafimovich, Aleksandr, 156 Serge, Victor, 230, 242 Servants, domestic, 100, 133-34, 207 Social antagonisms, 42-43,53,203, 216, 231, 237, 240 Social Democratic, 8, 21, 50, 161, 193,228 Social patriotism, 172, 262 Social revolution, 40, 176, 178-79, 209-10,216,245-46 Social <strong>Revolution</strong>aries, 141 Social Sciences, 154 "Socialism in one country," theory of, 28, 50, 84, 151, 159, 173, 180,182,191,197, 249-63 Socialism, 62, 66, 68, 71-72, 92-93, 103,149,152,216,253,255; the kulak and, 23, 42, 252; principles of, 3,40,52-53,57, 71,132, 139, 205, 223, 249; and the state, 39-55,136-37 Socialism achieved in USSR?, 2, 7,24,38,53,70,105,249; claim by bureaucracy, 39, 51-55, 61, 70, 94,125, 200, 207, 220, 226; proof against, 39-42, 54, 70, 94, 122, 127, 147, 200, 207, 216, 220 Socialist oath, 179 Socialist revolution. See Proletarian revolution Socialist society, 224, 255, 258 Socialist United States of Europe, 198 Solntsev, Eleazar, 250 Soltz, Aron, 128-29 Sosnovsky, Lev, 88-89,130 Soviet Communism, 258 Soviet economy, 6-38, 96-97, 117; claim as socialist, 255 Soviet farms, 108, 112-13,199 Soviet industry. See Industry Soviet of People's Commissars, 179 249 Soviets, 44, 51, 53-54, 78, 83, 92, 94,117, 214, 220-26, 230, 242 Spain, 14,167,194, 247 Stakhanov movement, 54, 68-73, 92, 106-10, 115, 118, 136, 139, 205,234, 255 Stalin, Joseph, 2, 44, 82, 180-81, 219; and bureaucratism, 48, 75, 80-81, 84-86, 92-93, 121, 143- 44, 236-38, 241; and culture,
Index 137, 152, 154, 156, 182; economic policies of, 24-27, 29-30, 32,61-62,65,109; foreign policy of, 169-70,172,174,179; interviewed by Roy Howard, 54, 169-70, 172-74, 219; and Red Army, 180-81, 190; socialism achieved, claim, 51,54,71,104, 107, 256; and "socialism in one country," 28, 50, 249-50, 252- 53; and Soviet constitution, 219, 225-26, 228 Stalinism, 237, 250, 254 Standard of living, Soviet, 17, 69, 99, 255, 257 State: dying away of the, 42-45, 47-48, 51, 58, 91, 136-37, 236, 242, 246; the fascist, 209-10; Marxist view of the, 42-48, 57, 96-97, 137, 225; the Soviet, 3, 26, 44-45, 50, 88, 93, 95-97, 202, 211-12, 220, 241, 243-44, 257, 261. See also Bourgeois state State and <strong>Revolution</strong>, 43,49 State Bank, 67 "State capitalism," 207-10, 212, 216 State Planning Commission, 12, 28, 63, 66, 70 State property, 105, 201, 203, 212-13, 216 State-ism, 209-10 Students, 137,174-76,199 Suritz, Yakov, 81 Suvorov, Aleksandr, 174 Technique, productive, 14, 39, 99, 152, 256; capitalist, 8-10, 41, 49, 68, 209; need to catch up with capitalist, 6, 8-10, 41,148, 185, 235, 255; socialism and, 41, 49, 52, 204, 220; under the Stalinist bureaucracy, 51, 54, 71-72, 101, 174, 202, 205, 235, 243,256 Terrorism, 4,140-41, 239, 244 <strong>The</strong>rmidor, 81, 85, 90-91, 97, 130, 134, 140, 157, 173, 188; roots and development of, 75-98 321 Third International. See Communist International Third Republic (Prance), 160 Times, London, 172 Tomsky, Mikhail, 25-26, 30, 85 Totalitarian regime, 86, 93, 155, 235, 238 Trade unions, Soviet, 86,109,120, 167, 175, 205, 214, 229, 234, 246 Transitional regime, 39-42,52,59, 91, 96, 153, 216-17; definition of the Soviet Union as, 216 <strong>Trotsky</strong>, Leon, 85,143,242 <strong>Trotsky</strong>ism" (<strong>Trotsky</strong>ists"), 24, 27, 31, 239-41, 256, 261 <strong>Trotsky</strong>ist-Zinovievist," 239 Troyanovsky, Aleksandr, 81 Tsarist regime, 5, 13, 17, 28, 48, 61, 77, 89, 102, 122, 146-47, 174, 177, 244, 260; army of, 175,178,187,190 Tseretelli, Iraklii, 76 Tukhachevsky, Mikhail, 176-77, 180-81,189 Ukraine, 9,102,196 Uneven development, law of. See Law United States, 5,11,13-16, 45, 49, 68,161,170, 209, 254 Vollmar, Georg, 250-52 Voroshilov, Klimenti, 11,177,181, 188 Wage payment, system of, 21, 40, 46, 57, 70, 97, 204, 221 Wages: in USSR, 96, 105-9, 113, 132, 204-5,214, 234 "War communism," 19-20, 62, 99, 124 War Department, 10, 177, 179-80, 182,184, 189 War, 36, 165, 169-71, 174, 178, 192-93, 195-97; the Soviet Union in, 191-98 Water transport, 11-12,15 Webb, Sidney and Beatrice, 2, 28, 42,116, 225, 254, 258-60
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The Revolution Betrayed
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Originally published in 1937 © 199
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Contents Introduction ix Author's I
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Introduction In the annals of polit
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Introduction xi society whose chara
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Introduction xi society whose chara
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Introduction xiii machinations of t
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Introduction xv Just as internation
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Introduction xvii The prolongation
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Introduction xix forces — permitt
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Introduction xxi country, his decla
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Introduction xxiii Opposition in th
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Introduction XXV the Second Interna
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Introduction xxvii cally substantia
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Introduction xxix The turn by the U
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Introduction xxxi piece of soothsay
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Introduction xxxiii The Revolution
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Introduction XXXV imperialism and t
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Introduction xxxvii downfall depend
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Introduction xxxvn downfall depende
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Introduction xxxix victorious revol
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Introduction xii of housing, workin
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Introduction xliii incapable of bec
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Introduction xiv Involution and the
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Introduction xlvii Stalinists' expr
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Introduction xlix of an informal be
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Introduction li jng West Germany),
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Introduction liii admiration for th
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Introduction lv tion of Marxism by
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2 Author's Introduction The writing
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4 Author's Introduction with it. We
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6 What Has Been Achieve consequentl
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8 What Has Been Achieved firmly hop
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10 What Has Been Achiei The struggl
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12 What Has Been Achieved speckled
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14 What Has Been Achiei blast furna
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16 What Has Been Achieved States, t
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CHAPTER TWO Economic Development an
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fl/ar Communism, NEP and the Course
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War Communism, NEP and the Course t
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yjar Communism, NEP and the Course
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Communism, NEP and the Course towar
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4 Sharp Turn 29 aiitry was denounce
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A Sharp Turn 31 empirics now decide
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^ Sharp Tarn ain only "islands in a
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n 35 ASharp1u 48 million poods, tha
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A Sharp Turn tries w a s there an a
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CHAPTER THREE Socialism and the Sta
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f he Transitional Regime 41 fllarx
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Program and Reality 43 only a dying
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fhe Dual Character of the Workers'
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fhe Dual Character of the Workers'
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"Generalized Want" and the Gendarme
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The "Complete Triumph of Socialism"
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fhe "Complete Triumph of Socialism"
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The "Complete Triumph of Socialism"
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58 The Struggle for Productivity of
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60 The Struggle for Productivity of
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62 The Struggle for Productivity of
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64 The Struggle for Productivity of
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66 The Struggle for Productivity of
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68 The Struggle for Productivity of
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70 The Struggle for Productivity of
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72 The Struggle for Productivity of
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CHAPTER FIVE The Soviet Thermidor W
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Why Stalin Triumphed 77 the head of
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Why Stalin Triumphed 79 the install
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Why Stalin Triumphed 79 the install
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fhe Degeneration of the Bolshevik P
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fhe Degeneration of the Bolshevik P
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The Degeneration of the Bolshevik P
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The Degeneration of the Bolshevik P
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fhe Degeneration of the Bolshevik P
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fhe Social Roots of Thermidor 91 Th
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fhe Social Roots of Thermidor 93 gu
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fhe Social Roots of Thermidor 95 co
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The Social Roots of Thermidor 97 co
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CHAPTER SIX The Growth of Inequalit
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Want, Luxury and Speculation 101 In
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Want, Luxury and Speculation 103 ar
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The Differentiation of the Proletar
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fhe Differentiation of the Proletar
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The Differentiation of the Proletar
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Social Contradictions in the Collec
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Social Contradictions in the Collec
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The Social Physiognomy of the Rulin
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The Social Physiognomy of the Rulin
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The Social Physiognomy of the Rulin
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The Social Physiognomy of the Rulin
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CHAPTER SEVEN Family, Youth and Cul
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Thermidor in the Family 125 shamefa
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Thermidor in the Family 127 who can
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Thermidor in the Family 129 These g
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Thermidor in the Family 131 iron ec
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Thermidor in the Family 133 mere st
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The Struggle against the Youth 135
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The Struggle against the Youth 137
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The Struggle against the Youth 143
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Nationality and Culture 145 The cul
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Nationality and Culture 147 If we l
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Nationality and Culture 149 it has
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Nationality and Culture 151 that, d
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Nationality and Culture 153 ing dep
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Nationality and Culture 155 his rea
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160 Foreign Policy and the Army tus
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162 Foreign Policy and the Army In
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164 Foreign Policy and the Army far
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166 Foreign Policy and the Army Sov
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168 Foreign Policy and the Army to
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170 Foreign Policy and the Army mor
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172 Foreign Policy and the Army ary
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174 Foreign Policy and the Army imp
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176 Foreign Policy and the Army stu
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178 Foreign Policy and the Army Wes
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180 Foreign Policy and the Army cir
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182 Foreign Policy and the Army cul
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184 Foreign Policy and the Army con
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186 Foreign Policy and the Army bou
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188 Foreign Policy and the Army cha
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190 Foreign Policy and the Army the
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192 Foreign Policy and the Army Sov
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194 Foreign Policy and the Army Dip
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196 Foreign Policy and the Army was
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198 Foreign Policy and the Army esp
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200 What Is the USSR? peasants and
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202 What Is the USSR? Soviet state
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204 What Is the USSR? homeless cons
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206 What Is the USSR? collective fa
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208 What Is the USSR? grow indefini
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210 What Is the USSR? which, given
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212 What Is the USSR? dominion in t
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214 What Is the USSR? of the prolet
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216 What Is the USSR? us back to th
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CHAPTER TEN The USSR in the Mirror
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Work "According to One's Abilities"
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The Soviets and Democracy 223 To be
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The Soviets and Democracy 225 hundr
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Democracy and the Party 227 with po
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Democracy and the Party 229 In tryi
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Democracy and the Party 231 nonpart
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CHAPTER ELEVEN Whither the Soviet U
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Bonapartism as a Regime of Crisis 2
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Bonapartism as a Regime of Crisis 2
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The Struggle of the Bureaucracy wit
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The Struggle of the Bureaucracy wit
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The Inevitability of a New Revoluti
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The Inevitability of a New Revoluti
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The Inevitability of a New Revoluti
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250 Appendix suggested to Stalin, i
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252 Appendix remains a long histori
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254 Appendix tortoise tempo had fal
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256 Appendix The spokesman at the c
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258 Appendix "friends," preferring
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260 Appendix bureaucracy, receiving
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262 Appendix who yearn for the past
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Notes Chapter One. What Has Been Ac
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Notes 267 bureaucracy through the A
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