Part 2 - Luganda Scientific Terminologies Research
Part 2 - Luganda Scientific Terminologies Research
Part 2 - Luganda Scientific Terminologies Research
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1) pend-, pens- = okwesuuba, okuleebeeta<br />
2) penetra- = okusensela, okuyingila<br />
3) pen(i)- = oluwasiso<br />
4) penicill- = penisilini<br />
5) penn- = ekiwawa, ekyoya<br />
6) peps- = okufumba<br />
7) per- = egguniya<br />
8) perd- = okwonoona<br />
9) peregrine- = omugwila, okusenguka<br />
10) periss- = okusuusuuba<br />
11) peristaltic- = okusindika<br />
12) person- = omuntu, akakookoolo, okwefuusa<br />
13) perth- = okutta<br />
14) pet- = okweyunila<br />
15) petal- = olulagala<br />
16) petr- = olwazi<br />
17) pez- = ekigele<br />
18) pi- = -gonvu, -wombeefu<br />
19) picr- = okukaawa, okufumita<br />
20) pict- = eggondo<br />
21) pig- = eggondo, ebbala<br />
22) pil- 1<br />
= oluviili<br />
23) pil- 2<br />
= okuluka, okusona<br />
24) pil- 3<br />
= omupiila<br />
25) pile- = enkuufiila<br />
26) pin- = okunyuunyunta, okuwuuta<br />
27) pingui- = amasavu<br />
28) pinn- = ekyoya, eggindu<br />
29) pio(n)- = amasavu<br />
30) piper(-) = kaamulali<br />
31) pisc- = ekyennyanja<br />
32) pistil- = okusotta, okugotta<br />
33) pithec- = enkobe, enkima<br />
34) pituit- = eminyila<br />
35) placent- = ekisungwa<br />
36) plagi- = okukiika<br />
37) plan- 1<br />
= omuseetwe<br />
38) plan- 2<br />
= okwetaaya<br />
39) plant- 1<br />
= amala<br />
40) plant- 2<br />
= okusimbuliza<br />
41) plas-, plasm(at)-,<br />
plas-, plast- = okuzimba<br />
42) plec(t)- = okuluka<br />
43) plei-, pli- = okusingako<br />
44) pleist- = okusinga<br />
45) pleo(n)- = okuwuga<br />
39
46) pler- = okujjula, -jjuvu<br />
47) plesi- = okulilaana<br />
48) pleur- = olubiliizi<br />
49) plex- = okuluka, okubaza<br />
50) plic- = okufunya<br />
51) plumb- = essasi, empulumbo<br />
52) plur- = -ngi<br />
53) pluvi- = enkuba<br />
54) pneum(at)- = omukka, okussa<br />
55) pneumon- = eliwuggwe<br />
56) pneust-, pno- = okussa<br />
57) po- = omuddo<br />
58) pod- = ekigele<br />
59) poe- = okuleetela<br />
60) poecil- = eggondo<br />
61) pogon- = ekilevu<br />
62) pol- = empagi<br />
63) poli- 1<br />
= okuwoola<br />
64) poli- 2 = okweluukilila<br />
65) pollen- = enfuufu<br />
66) pollec-, pollic- = ekinkumu<br />
67) poly- = -ngi<br />
68) pom(at)- = ekisaanikizo<br />
69) pon- = okuteeka<br />
70) pont- 1 = okuwoola<br />
71) pont- 2<br />
= okweluukilila<br />
72) popul- = abantu<br />
73) por- = okuyitamu, ekyangwe<br />
74) porc- = embizzi<br />
75) porphyry- = kakobe<br />
76) port- = omulyango<br />
77) portio(n)- = ekiwumi, ekitundu<br />
78) posit- = okuteeka<br />
79) poster- = okuddilila<br />
80) postul- = okusaba, okupeeka<br />
81) pot- = okunywa, okunyuunyunta<br />
82) potam- = omugga<br />
83) potent- = okusobola, amaanyi<br />
84) praecox- = okweyanguyiliza<br />
85) praegn- = okuwasa, okuba olubuto<br />
86) press- = okunyiga<br />
87) prim- 1 = okusooka, -kulu<br />
88) prim- 2 = okunyigiliza<br />
89) princip- = okusooka, omusingi<br />
90) pri(on)- = omusumeeno<br />
91) prior(-) = okusooka, okusoosa<br />
40
92) prisma(t)- = empulizima<br />
93) prist- = omusumeeno<br />
94) probosc- = omukono gw’enjovu, ekigalabi<br />
95) proct- = ekinyo<br />
96) profund- = eddubi<br />
97) prol- = ezzadde, okuzaala<br />
98) propaga- = okwaza, okuzaala<br />
99) propri- = nnannyini<br />
100) prote- = Mukasa<br />
101) prot(er)- = okusooka<br />
102) proxim- = okumpi<br />
103) psalid- = makansi<br />
104) psamm- = omusenyu<br />
105) pselaph- = okukomako, okukwatako<br />
106) pseudo- = okulimba<br />
107) psil- = -eleele, okukunama<br />
108) psittac- = enkisu<br />
109) psych- = omwoyo<br />
110) psychr- = okuwola<br />
111) psyll- = enkukunyi<br />
112) pten- = okubuuka<br />
113) pter- = okubuuka, ekiwawa<br />
114) pteryg- = ekiwawa<br />
115) ptil- = okugwa, omutulumbi<br />
116) pto- = okuwanda<br />
117) pty- = okuwanda<br />
118) ptych- = okufunyila<br />
119) pub-, puber(-) = obusajja, okusajjakula, okusonyiwala,<br />
ensonyi<br />
120) pud- = okusonyiwala, ensonyi<br />
121) pugn- = ekikonde, okulwana<br />
122) pulch(r)- = -lungi<br />
123) pulic- = enkunkunyi<br />
124) pulmo(n)- = eliwuggwe<br />
125) plup- = ennyama<br />
126) puls- = okubobba, okukoona<br />
127) pulver- = enfuufu<br />
128) pulvin- = omutto<br />
129) pumil- = omumbuti<br />
130) punct-, pung- = okufumita, okutonnyeza<br />
131) purpur- = kakobe<br />
132) -pus = ekigele, okugulu<br />
133) pusill- = akatinniinya<br />
134) pustul- = okuvulula<br />
135) put(r)- = okuwunya<br />
136) py- = amasila<br />
41
137) pycn- = -ziyivu<br />
138) pyg- = ekinyo<br />
139) pygmae- = omumbuti<br />
140) pyl- = omulyango<br />
141) pyr- = omulilo<br />
142) pyramid- = entuumu<br />
143) pyren- = omulamwa<br />
144) pyrrh- = omulilo<br />
145) phag- = okulya<br />
146) phaen- = okulaga, okwelaga, okulabika<br />
147) phalacr- = ekiwalata<br />
148) phalang- = ennyingo<br />
149) phall- = oluwasiso*<br />
150) phan-, phaner- = okulabisa, okwolesa<br />
151) pharyng- = omumilo<br />
152) phas- = okulabisa, okwolesa<br />
153) phascol- = endyanga<br />
154) phell- = ekizibikizo<br />
155) phil- = ekwagala<br />
156) phleb- = ensuwa<br />
157) phob- = okutya, okukyawa<br />
158) pholid- = eggalagamba, eggamba<br />
159) phon- 1<br />
= eddoboozi<br />
160) phon- 2<br />
= ettemu<br />
161) phor- = okutwala, okukongojja<br />
162) phos-, phot- = ekitangaala<br />
163) phragm(a)- = olukomela<br />
164) phryn- = ekikele<br />
165) phthor- = okwonoona<br />
166) phy- = okukula<br />
167) phyg- = okudduka<br />
168) phyl- = eggwanga<br />
169) phylact-, phylax- = okukuuma, okwelinda<br />
170) phyll- = olulagala, ekikoola<br />
171) phys- 1 = okutonda<br />
172) phys- 2<br />
= okufuuwa<br />
173) phyt- = ekimela<br />
174) quadr- = nnya, -na<br />
175) qual- = engeli<br />
176) quant- = obungi<br />
177) quart- = ekyokuna<br />
178) quinque- = -taano<br />
179) racem- = ekibala<br />
180) rad- = okukeketa, omulandila<br />
181) radi- = akagulu<br />
182) radic- = ekikolo, omulandila<br />
42
183) ram- 1<br />
= ettabi<br />
184) ram- 2<br />
= ekikele<br />
185) raph-, rhaph- = okutunga, okutabila<br />
186) rap(t)- = okunyakula<br />
187) recent- = jjuuzi<br />
188) rect- = -tuufu, okutuuka, -golokofu, okufuga<br />
189) reg- = kabaka, okufuga<br />
190) regn- = obwakabaka<br />
191) regul- = -a bulijjo, okufuga<br />
192) relict = okuleka<br />
193) rem- = enkasi<br />
194) ren- = ensigo<br />
195) rep(t)- = okwewalula<br />
196) rest(i)- = omuguwa<br />
197) ret-, retin- = akatimba<br />
198) rib- = ekimela<br />
199) rid-, ris- = okuseka<br />
200) rip- = olubalama<br />
201) rim- = okwatika<br />
202) riv- = omugga<br />
203) rod-, ros- = okukeketa<br />
204) rostell-, rostr- = ekigalabi<br />
205) rot- = nnamuziga<br />
206) rub- = okumyuka<br />
207) rud- = ekitanafiibwako<br />
208) ruf- = -myufu<br />
209) rug- = omutaafu<br />
210) rumin- = okuzza obwenkulumu<br />
211) rup- = olwazi<br />
212) rur- = ettale<br />
213) rutil- = -myukilivu<br />
214) rhabd- = oluti<br />
215) rhach(i)- = omugongo<br />
216) rhe- = okukulukuta<br />
217) rhin- 1 = ennyindo<br />
218) rhin- 2<br />
= eddiba<br />
219) rhiz- = ekikolo<br />
220) rho- = okukulukuta<br />
221) rhomb- = rombus<br />
222) rhynch- = ekigalabi<br />
223) rhytid- = omutaafu<br />
224) sabell-, sabul- = enkokoto<br />
225) sacc- = ensawo<br />
226) sacchar-, sachar- = ssukaali<br />
227) sacr- = -tukuvu<br />
228) sagitt- = akasaale<br />
43
229) sal- = omunnyo<br />
230) saliv- = amalusu<br />
231) salpingo- = omulele<br />
232) salt- = okuzina<br />
233) scav- = okutakula<br />
234) scal- = eddagala<br />
235) scand-, scans- = okulinnya<br />
236) scaph- = elyato<br />
237) scapul- = enkwakwa<br />
238) scat- = amazi<br />
239) scel- 1<br />
= okugulu<br />
240) scel- 2<br />
= okukala<br />
241) schis-, schist-, schiz = okubajjuka, okwasa<br />
242) sci- = ekisiikilize<br />
243) scind- = okubajjula<br />
244) sciur- = ekisiikilize<br />
245) scler- = okukala, okukakanyala<br />
246) scop- 1<br />
= okuluubilila<br />
247) scop- 2<br />
= okwela<br />
248) scorpi- = enjaba<br />
249) scot- = okuzikiza, okuziba<br />
250) scrib-, script- = okuwandiika<br />
251) scrob(i) = olukonko, ekinnya<br />
252) sculpt- = okuwoola<br />
253) scut- = okuwoola<br />
254) scyph- = engabo, empaawo<br />
255) secal- = omulaayi<br />
256) sec(t)- = okusala<br />
257) second- = okugobelela, -okubili<br />
258) secure(i) = embazzi<br />
259) sed- = okutuula<br />
260) seget- = ennimilo<br />
261) segment- = okusula<br />
262) seism- = musisi<br />
263) selen- = omwezi<br />
264) sell- = entebe<br />
265) sem(at)- = akabonelo, amakulu<br />
266) semin- = ensibo<br />
267) simper- = bulijjo, olubeelela<br />
268) sen- = -kadde, omuzeeyi<br />
269) sens- = okukenga<br />
270) sent(i)- = eliggwa<br />
271) sep- 1 = olukomela, okukomela<br />
272) sep- 2 = okuvunda<br />
273) sept- = okutana<br />
274) septem- = omusanvu<br />
44
275) septentrion- = obukiikakkono<br />
276) seri- = okugatta<br />
277) seric- = liili<br />
278) serotin- = okukyelewa<br />
279) serp- = okwewalula<br />
280) serr- = omusumeeno<br />
281) sert- = okugatta<br />
282) sess- = okutuula<br />
283) set- = oluviili<br />
284) sex- = omukaaga<br />
285) sexu- = engabano<br />
286) sial- = amalusu<br />
287) sicc- = okukala, -kalu<br />
288) sid- = okutuula<br />
289) sider- 1 = ekyuma<br />
290) sider- 2 = emmunyeenye<br />
291) sign- = akabonelo<br />
292) silic- = olwazi<br />
293) silv- = ekibila<br />
294) simi- = enkima<br />
295) simil- = okufaanana<br />
296) simul- = okufaanana<br />
297) sin- = akabi<br />
298) simplic- = -mu, -angu<br />
299) sinister- = kkono<br />
300) sinu- = okugota<br />
301) siphon(n)- = oluseke, omulenge<br />
302) –sisti- = okunyweza<br />
303) sit- = emmere<br />
304) situ- = ekifo<br />
305) soci- = ekinywi<br />
306) sol- 1<br />
= enjuba<br />
307) sol- 2<br />
= obwomu<br />
308) solen(-) = omulenge, oluseke<br />
309) solid- = -gumu<br />
310) som(at)- = omubili<br />
311) son- = eddoboozi<br />
312) sorb-, sorpt- = okunywa<br />
313) spars- = okumansa, okumansila, okusansa<br />
314) spat(h)- = omulawo<br />
315) speci- = okulaba, okulabika<br />
316) spect- = okulaba, okwekkaliliza, okwekkaanya<br />
317) spel- = empuku<br />
318) sper- = okusiga<br />
319) sperm(at)- = ensigo<br />
320) sphaer- = omupiila, enkulungo<br />
45
321) sphen- = empano, olubanda<br />
322) sphinct- = ewuzi<br />
323) spic- = akasongezo, akasaale<br />
324) spil- = ekko<br />
325) spin- = eliggwa<br />
326) spir- = okunyoola<br />
327) spira- = okussa (omukka)<br />
328) splanch- = enda<br />
329) splen- = akataago<br />
330) spend- = okwaka<br />
331) spondyl- = olugongo, enkizi<br />
332) spong(i)- = ekyangwe<br />
333) spontan- = -kka<br />
334) spor- = ensigo<br />
335) spu- = amalusu, okuwanda<br />
336) spum- = ekyovu, okubimba<br />
337) spuri- = okukondoba<br />
338) squal- = okukalabula<br />
339) squam- = eggamba<br />
340) sta- = okuyimilila<br />
341) stabil- = okutebenkela<br />
342) stabul- = ekilaalo, ekisibo<br />
343) stachy- = ekilimba<br />
344) stagn- = okuyimilila, ekidiba<br />
345) stas- = okuyimilila<br />
346) stat- = okuyimilila<br />
347) staur = empagi, omusaalaba<br />
348) steat- = omuzigo<br />
349) steg-, stegan- = okubikka<br />
350) stel- = empagi<br />
351) stell- = emmunyeenye<br />
352) stemm(at)- = engule<br />
353) sten- = -funda<br />
354) steph-, stephan- = empeta, engule<br />
355) stereor- = empitambi<br />
356) stere- = -kalambavu<br />
357) steril- = -gumba<br />
358) stern- = ekifuba<br />
359) sterr- = -kalambavu<br />
360) steth- = ekifuba<br />
361) stich- = okugenda<br />
362) stict-, stigma(at) = okufumita<br />
363) stimul- = okukyamula<br />
364) stom(at)- = omumwa, omulyango, ekituli<br />
365) stramin- = essubi<br />
366) streph- = okunyoola<br />
46
367) streps- = okunyoola<br />
368) strobil- = okubonga<br />
369) stroph- = okunyoola<br />
370) stru-, struct- = okuzimba<br />
371) styl- = empagi<br />
372) suav- = akaloosa, obuwoomu<br />
373) suber(-) = okuzibikila<br />
374) subit- = embagilawo<br />
375) sud- = okutuuyana<br />
376) sug- = okunywa<br />
377) sulfur(-) sulphur(-) = ekibiliiti<br />
378) sum(pt)- = okutwala<br />
379) sut- = okutunga, okutaba<br />
380) syc- = omutuba<br />
381) syring- = endele<br />
382) system(at) - = okuzimba, omugala, okuwunda<br />
383) tabul- = olubaawo<br />
384) tach(y)- = okwanguwa<br />
385) tact- 1 = okukwatako<br />
386) tact- 2<br />
= okusaggula<br />
387) taeni- = ekiwelo<br />
388) tal- = eggumba<br />
389) tang- = okukwatako<br />
390) tapet- = ekiwempe<br />
391) tard- = olulembe<br />
392) tars- = ekigele<br />
393) taur- = ente<br />
394) tax- = okutegeka, okusaggula<br />
395) tect- = okukkweka, okubikka<br />
396) teg- = okukweka, okubikka<br />
397) tel- 1<br />
= enkomelelo, okuluubilila<br />
398) tel- 2<br />
= akatimba, okuluka<br />
399) tele- = ewala<br />
400) tempor- 1<br />
= ekiseela<br />
401) tempor- 2<br />
= okwebakila<br />
402) ten- = okunywela<br />
403) tend- = okuleega<br />
404) tenebr- = enzikiza<br />
405) tent- 1<br />
= weema<br />
406) tent- 2<br />
= okuwagamila<br />
407) tenta- = okukwatako<br />
408) tenu- = okuweweela<br />
409) terebr- = okuwummula<br />
410) terg- = omugongo<br />
411) term- = enkomelelo<br />
412) termin- = enkomelelo, ensalo<br />
47
413) terr- 1<br />
= ensi, ettaka.<br />
414) terr- 2<br />
= okukanga<br />
415) terti- = -a kusatu<br />
416) test- = ettegula<br />
417) test(i)- = ekinege<br />
418) testudin- = enfundu<br />
419) tetr(a)- = -na<br />
420) text- = okuluka, okulanga<br />
421) tigr- = tigra<br />
422) toc- = okuzaala<br />
423) tom- = okusala<br />
424) ton- = okulega<br />
425) top- = ekifo<br />
426) tormin- = obulumi<br />
427) torp- = okulemala<br />
428) torque-, tort- = okunyoola<br />
429) tot- = -onna, -nna<br />
430) tox- = omutego<br />
431) tox(ic)- = obutwa<br />
432) tracheo- = omumilo, okussa<br />
433) trachel- = ensingo<br />
434) tract- = okukalabula<br />
435) trag- = embuzi<br />
436) trah- = okusika<br />
437) trapez- = emmeeza<br />
438) traum(at)- = ekiwundu<br />
439) trem- = okuyuuguuma, okuyuuya, okusukunda<br />
440) trem(at)- = ekituli<br />
441) trep- = okunyoola<br />
442) tres-, tret- = okubotola<br />
443) tri- = -satu<br />
444) tribu- = eggwanga<br />
445) trich- = oluviili, ejjoba<br />
446) trin- = -satu<br />
447) trist- = okunyiikaala<br />
448) trit- 1<br />
= -satu<br />
449) trit- 2<br />
= okukuuba<br />
450) tri- = -satu<br />
451) tritic- = eηηaano<br />
452) troch- = okwetogoonyola<br />
453) trochle- = okwetogoonyola<br />
454) trog- = okumeketa<br />
455) trogl- = empuku<br />
456) trop- = okukyukila, okweyunila<br />
457) troph- = okuliisa<br />
458) trunk- = enduli<br />
48
459) tryp- 1<br />
= okubotola<br />
460) tryp- 2<br />
= okubetenta<br />
461) tub- = omulenge<br />
462) tum- = okuzimbilila<br />
463) tunic = okwambala<br />
464) turb- = okubonga<br />
465) turg- = okuzimba, okuwulubala<br />
466) turr(i)- = omunaala<br />
467) -tus- = okuggunda, okukuba<br />
468) tyl- = omusumaali<br />
469) tympan- = enngoma<br />
470) typhl- = muzibe<br />
471) thalam- = ekibeelo<br />
472) thalass- = ennyanja<br />
473) thall- = ettabi, okututunuka<br />
474) thamn- = ekisaka<br />
475) thaum(at) = ekyewunyo<br />
476) the- = okuteeka<br />
477) thec- = ensawo, etterekero<br />
478) thei- = ekibiliiti<br />
479) thel- = ennywanto<br />
480) thely- = omukazi, okuyonsa<br />
481) ther- 1<br />
= ensolo, okuyonsa<br />
482) ther- 2<br />
= ekyeya<br />
483) therm- = ebbugumu<br />
484) thigm- = okukwatako<br />
485) thorac- = ekifuba<br />
486) thix- = enviili<br />
487) thromb- = ekibembe, okubemba<br />
488) thylac- = ensawo<br />
489) thym- = okwoteza<br />
490) thyre- = engabo<br />
491) ubi- = -onna, wonna<br />
492) uligin- = okutoba<br />
493) umbel- = ekisiikilize<br />
494) umbilic- = ekkundi<br />
495) umbo- = engabo<br />
496) umbr- = ekisiikilize<br />
497) un- = -mu, emu<br />
498) unc(in)- = eddobo<br />
499) und- = ejjengo<br />
500) ungu- = olwala<br />
501) ur- 1 = omukila<br />
502) ur- 2 = enkali, okunyaala<br />
503) ur- 3<br />
= okwokya<br />
504) urb- = ekibuga<br />
49
505) urs- = eddubu<br />
506) urtic- = okwokya<br />
507) ust- = okwokelela, okubabula<br />
508) us-, ut- = okukozesa<br />
509) uter- = nnabaana<br />
510) vacc- = ente<br />
511) vacu- = -eleele<br />
512) vag- = okukyukakyuka<br />
513) vagin- = olulaato*<br />
514) vapor(-) = omukka<br />
515) vegeta- = okulama<br />
516) veh- = okusika<br />
517) veller- = ekyoya<br />
518) veloc- = okwanguwa<br />
519) ven- = omusuwa<br />
520) vena- = okuyigga<br />
521) vent- 1<br />
= okujja<br />
522) vent- 2<br />
= kibuyaga<br />
523) ventr- = olubuto<br />
524) verg- = okwolekela<br />
525) verruc- = ensundo<br />
526) ver- = amazima<br />
527) vers-, vert- = okutabika, okukyuka<br />
528) vertebr- = olugongo<br />
529) vertic- = okwesimba<br />
530) vesc- = okuliika<br />
531) vesic- = ekyovu<br />
532) vesper(-) = -a ggulo<br />
533) vest(i)- = olugoye, okwambala<br />
534) veterin- = ensolo<br />
535) vexill- = ebbendela<br />
536) vi- = ekkubo<br />
537) vibr- = okukankana<br />
538) vid- = okulaba<br />
539) viginti(-) = abili<br />
540) vimin- = okuluka<br />
541) vin- = evviino<br />
542) vir- 1 = omusajja<br />
543) vir- 2 = obutwa, virus<br />
544) virg- = ettabi<br />
545) virgo- = omubiikila<br />
546) vis- 1<br />
= okulaba<br />
547) vis- 2<br />
= amaanyi<br />
548) viscer- = ebyomunda<br />
549) vit- = obulamu<br />
550) viv- = -lamu<br />
50
551) voc- = eddoboozi<br />
552) vol- = okubuuka<br />
553) vor- = okulya<br />
554) vulp- = ekibe<br />
555) xanth- = kyenvu<br />
556) xen- = omugenyi, omugwila<br />
557) xer- = -kalu<br />
558) xiph- = ekitala<br />
559) xyl- = omuti<br />
560) zo- = ensolo<br />
1547 zon- = bbunwe, olubunwe<br />
XIV. LEXICOGRAPHICAL ANISOMORPHISM<br />
At the back of a definer’s mind should be the lexicographical anisomorphism with<br />
respect to:<br />
Material culture<br />
Language<br />
Ecology<br />
Social culture<br />
Ideational culture, ie A = f (Cm, L, E, Cs, Ci)<br />
XV. LEXICOGRAPHICAL OPTIMIZATION<br />
This STYLE MANUAL accords with the lexicographical optimization function O = f (L,<br />
U, D, A, S, I, E), where:<br />
Layout (L): citation and prominence: ordering (of dictionary parts, dictionary article<br />
parts, senses and usage labels)<br />
User (U): as part of the scope of the dictionary<br />
Definition (D): criteria for a good definition; introductory defining phrases; a segment of<br />
the defining vocabulary<br />
Accessibility (A): user’s grammatical knowledge; provision of useful stems<br />
Space (S): space conservation by means of abbreviations and symbols; see also variable<br />
A.<br />
Intensity of Information (I): number of parts of a dictionary article<br />
Entry Count (E): entry count to be maximized in the light of variable S.<br />
51
XVI. MODULARITY OF LANGUAGE<br />
Besides lexicographical anisomorphism (cf. Sec VII) the lexicographer is obliged to<br />
always think in terms of the modules of language. Nine modules may be identified as:<br />
• morphological<br />
• lexicological<br />
• syntactic<br />
• semantic<br />
• pragmatical<br />
• textological<br />
• phonetic<br />
• phonological<br />
• graphological<br />
If the lexicographer can utilise intralinguistic interfaces like morphophonology,<br />
morphosyntax, morphosemantics, phonographonology, semanticopragmatics, and<br />
syntacticosemantics on the one hand, and extralinguistic interfaces such as<br />
sociolinguistics, gender linguistics, and psycholinguistics on the other hand, then his/her<br />
mindset is said to be finetuned to undertake lexicographical work.<br />
XVII. MORPHEMES AND ENGLISH MORPHS<br />
1. PROCESS, ACTION<br />
-ation, -ion; -ing; -ment; -al; -ance, -ence; -ure<br />
enkwajja y’okuTa, ekikolwa ky’okuTa<br />
2. RESULT or INSTANCE OF PROCESS/ACTION<br />
-ation; -ion; -ing; -ment; -al; -age; -ance; -hood; -ure<br />
ekiva mu kuTa, ekyeyoleko ky’okuTa<br />
3. MUTATION, CAUSATION<br />
-en; -ent; -ize; -(i)fy; -ate; be-; en-<br />
okuDwala, okuDwaza<br />
4. CAUSER/AGENT<br />
52
-ar, -er, -or; -(i)an; -ent, -ant; -ist; -ite<br />
omu-, eki-, …<br />
5. STATE, QUALITY<br />
-ing; -ity; -dom; -y; -ed; -age, -hood; -ate; -ness; -ship; -tude; -ure; -ance, -ence<br />
obu-, obuTe, obuTu<br />
6. PERTINENCE<br />
-(i)al; -ic, -ical; -(i)sh, -ar, -ary; -man, -woman, -person; -ous; -(i)an<br />
nna-, -nna-,<br />
okw.ekuus.a ku<br />
knt. oku.f.a L<br />
oku.b.a ekya<br />
7. BEHAVIOUR, MENTALITY, DOCTRINE (TEACHING)<br />
-ery, -ory; -ism; -ly; -ship; -tude; -arian<br />
obu-, eki-<br />
8. POTENTIALITY<br />
-able, -ible<br />
oku.T e<br />
obu.T i k.a<br />
9. COMPOSITION<br />
-en<br />
knt. oku.b.a. ekya L<br />
10. MEMBERSHIP, ORIGIN<br />
-er, -or; -(i)an; -ese; -(i)sh; -i; -ist; -ite<br />
omuD<br />
omunnaL<br />
11. DISPOSITION, TENDENCY<br />
-ive; -some; -y<br />
knt. oku.tel.a okuTa, obu.Ti<br />
12. INSTRUMENT<br />
-er, -or; -ment; -ent, -ant<br />
eki-, olu-<br />
13. POSSESSION (HAVING), PLENITUDE (ABUNDANCE), MEASURE<br />
-ful; -y; -ed; -ous<br />
knt. oku.b.a ne L; nnaL; obu.nnaL<br />
14. LACK<br />
53
-less; a(n)-<br />
knt. obu.tab.a na L<br />
15. APPROXIMATION, RESEMBLANCE<br />
-ish; -oid; -like; -style; -fashion; -shaped; -iform; -ic<br />
okw.eyis.a<br />
eki-; knt. oku.faanan.a nga L.<br />
oku.kul.a<br />
16. COLLECTION (GROUP)<br />
-age; -ism; -some; -ure; -ery; -ware<br />
omuD<br />
17. LOCATION<br />
-ary, -ery, -ory<br />
W’WTo<br />
18. PURPOSE – SERVING<br />
-ory; -ing<br />
obu.D<br />
19. REVERSING, DEPRIVATION<br />
de-; dis-; un-<br />
o<br />
oku.T u l.a<br />
20. REPETITION, REPEATEDNESS, BACK<br />
re-<br />
oku.T.a nate<br />
oku.dd.amu okuTa<br />
21. NEGATION<br />
non-; un-; in-; im-; ir-, il-; dis-; counter-, contra-; a(n)-; anti-<br />
22. OPPOSITION<br />
anti-; counter-, contra-; re-<br />
23. MODE<br />
-ly; -wise; -ism<br />
24. RECIPIENT, BENEFICIARY, AFFECTED<br />
-ee<br />
25. GRADATION<br />
54
arch-; co-; extra-; out; super-; sur-; ultra-; macro-; mega-; -ette; -let; -kin; -<br />
-ling; sub-; infra-; under-; micro-; ante-; pre-; post-; meta-; after-; fore-; ex-;<br />
neo-; paleo-; proto-; vice-; pro-<br />
26. NUMBER<br />
bi-; uni-; di-; mono-; -teen; -ty; poly-; multi-; semi-; demi-; hemi-; omni-; all-;<br />
pan-; tri-; quadri-; -(t)et; -some; -fold; du(o)-<br />
27. ACADEMIC STUDY<br />
-(o)logy; -ic(s); -nomy; -graphy<br />
28. REFLEXIVITY<br />
self-, auto-<br />
29. RECIPROCITY, BETWEENNESS<br />
inter-<br />
30. SEX<br />
-or, -er, he-, she-, -ine, -trix, -ette<br />
31. EQUATIVITY<br />
iso-, equ-<br />
32. SIMILATIVITY<br />
-(o)id, -like, -y, -shaped, homo-<br />
-iform, -morphic, -fashion, -ly, -style, -wise<br />
33. ORIGIN<br />
-ese, -(i)an, -i<br />
34. ACROSS<br />
trans-. dia-, per-, ultra-<br />
35. ORNATION<br />
-ate, -ize, Ø, be-<br />
36. (EXCESSIVE) LIKING, ENTHUSIASM<br />
-aholic, -crazy, -hungry, -loving<br />
-mad, -mania, -phile, -seeking<br />
37. APPROXIMATIION: NOT QUITE<br />
crypto-, demi-, half-, mock-, near-, neo-, part-, pseudo-, quasi-, semi-<br />
38. LARGE DEGREE<br />
all-, arch-, ever-, extra-, hyper-, mega-, multi-, oft-, pan-, poly-, -rich, -super-,<br />
ultra-, -infested, -intensive, -ridden<br />
55
39. HAVING, WITH<br />
-boned, -cheeked, -chested, -clad, -coated, -eyed, -faced, -haired, -handed,<br />
-hatted, -headed, -hearted, -legged, -limbed, -lipped, -minded, -necked, -skinned,<br />
-sleeved, -tongued<br />
40. (a) SI AFFIXES<br />
yotta-, zeta-, exa-, peta-, tera-, giga-, mega-, kilo-, hecto-, deca-<br />
deci-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-, pico-, femto-, atto-, zepto, yocto-<br />
(b) SI-RELATED AFFIXES<br />
macromacro-, ultramacro-, macro-, maxi-, hyper-, super-, epi-<br />
hypo-, sub-, infra-, mini-, micro-, ultramicro-, micromicro-<br />
XVIII. MORPHOLOGY<br />
Derivational morphology generates lexemes while inflectional morphology results in<br />
word-forms. Hence,<br />
[ L ] Lxm + [ M ] Mfm → [ Z ] Lxm<br />
[ L ] Lxm + [ M ] Mfm → < Z > Wdf<br />
<strong>Luganda</strong> attests to the following inflectional categories :<br />
• Tense<br />
• Aspect<br />
• Mood<br />
• Number<br />
• Gender<br />
• Case<br />
• Person<br />
XIX. MORPHOSYNTACTICAL INFORMATION<br />
56
As far as the provision of morphosyntactical information is concerned, definers are to<br />
consider the following grammatical categories:<br />
1) Case; Gender; Number including countability for nouns and pronouns<br />
2) Tense; Aspect; Mood; Number for verbs<br />
3) Degree for adjectives and adverbs<br />
XX. NUMBERS<br />
10 1 ten (e)kkumi 10 54 nonillion waluwumbu<br />
10 2 hundred (e)kikumi 10 60 decillion nnaggumbu<br />
10 3 thousand (o)lukumi 10 66 undecillion nnakawumbu<br />
10 6 million (a)kakadde 10 72 duodecillion ssekiwumbu<br />
10 12 billion wakikadde 10 78 tredecillion ssekawumbu<br />
10 18 trillion wakakadde 10 84 quattuordecillion wattiiliitu<br />
10 24 quadrillion nnakikadde 10 90 quindecillion walutiiliitu<br />
10 30 quintillion nnakakadde 10 96 sexdecillion nnattiiliitu<br />
10 36 sextillion ssekikadde 10 102 septendecillion nnalutiiliitu<br />
10 42 septillion ssekakadde 10 108 octodecillion ssettiiliitu<br />
10 48 octillion waggumbu 10 114 novemdecillion sselutiiliitu<br />
10 120 vigintillion (a)kafuufu<br />
XXI. ORDERING CRITERION<br />
In order to order homonyms, subentries or senses, a bundle of criteria can be selected<br />
from the following list :<br />
Frequency<br />
Etymology<br />
Derivativity<br />
Usage<br />
Conceptuality<br />
Homography<br />
Lexical categoricity<br />
Alphabeticity<br />
Graphicity<br />
Special mode<br />
XXII. ORTHOGRAPHY<br />
57
For the purpose of fully modernizing <strong>Luganda</strong> in the scientific and technological<br />
domains, I urge scientifically versed <strong>Luganda</strong> speakers to adopt the entire Roman<br />
alphabet, i.e. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z.<br />
Note that the already-established additions NY, NΫand η remain intact.<br />
In future, foreign diphthongs, triphthongs, consonants, and consonant clusters should be<br />
more readily assimilated to <strong>Luganda</strong> both phonemically and graphemically, for example:<br />
ae oa<br />
/ aı / ai oe<br />
ao / ƆI / oi<br />
/ aƱ / au ou<br />
ea<br />
ei ua<br />
eo ue<br />
eu ui<br />
uo<br />
/ IƏ / ia / еI / ee<br />
/ƏƱƏ / aua<br />
/ƏIƏ / aia<br />
/ θ / th<br />
/ Ỗ / dh<br />
/ ∫ / sh<br />
/ Ʒ / zh<br />
/ Х / kh<br />
/ ɣ / gh<br />
/ Ϛ / ch<br />
ie / ƆƱ / oo<br />
io<br />
iu<br />
XXIII. PARTS OF THE LUGANDA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY<br />
1. Front Cover<br />
2. Inside Front Cover (for tone symbols)<br />
3. Title Page<br />
4. Copyright Page<br />
5. Lexicographical Team<br />
6. Language Teaching Consultants (optional)<br />
58
7. Subject Advisers (optional)<br />
8. Table of Contents<br />
9. Foreword (optional)<br />
10. Introduction by the Editor<br />
11. Labels<br />
11.1 Grammar Labels<br />
12.2 Usage Labels<br />
12. Symbols used in the Dictionary<br />
13. How to find Words and their Senses<br />
13.1 Single Words<br />
13.2 Words in Groups<br />
14. Language Portrait Index<br />
14.1 Age<br />
14.2 Calendar<br />
14.3 Colours<br />
14.4 Days of the Week<br />
14.5 Family Free<br />
14.6 Holidays<br />
14.7 Sentence Patterns<br />
14.8 Language and its Geographical Spread<br />
14.9 Letter Writing<br />
14.10 Months of the Year<br />
14.11 Morphology<br />
14.12 Numbers<br />
14.13 Periods of Time<br />
14.14 Punctuation<br />
14.15 Sound Change<br />
14.16 Special Greeting Formulae<br />
14.17 Spelling<br />
14.18 Titles and Forms of Address<br />
15. Dictionary Proper<br />
59
16. Appendixes<br />
16.1 Animal Names<br />
16.2 Plant Names<br />
16.3 Proper Nouns<br />
16.3.1 Deities<br />
16.3.2 Geographical Names<br />
16.3.3 Martyrs of Uganda<br />
16.3.4 Personal Names<br />
17. Pictorial Illustrations<br />
XXIV. PEGITOSCA<br />
16.3.5 Socio – Political Names<br />
The meaning of X is the sense, reference, and speech – act content of X.<br />
X is a term if and only if X is an expression and the PEGITOSCA Criterion is<br />
fulfilled; P = precision, E = economy, G = generativity, I = internationality,<br />
T = transparency, O = objectivity, S = systemicity, C = consistency, and A<br />
= acceptability.<br />
The PEGITOSCA Criterion is to be weighted as follows:<br />
I (X) = 4<br />
P(X) = O (X) = 3<br />
G(X) = S(X) = C(X) = 2<br />
E (X) = T (X) = 1<br />
A(X) = P(X) + E(X) + G(X) + I(X) + T(X) + O(X) + S(X) +<br />
C(X)<br />
XXV. PRONUNCIATION<br />
Only RP and GenAm variants will be indicated.<br />
60
XXVI. SENSE SEARCH FRAMEWORK<br />
(1) Identify the primary sense of the entry according to its (associated) basic<br />
sentence pattern ( [ I ], [ L c ], [ La ], [ To ], [ Toc ], [Toa], or [Too] ).<br />
(2) Grade the senses, hypo-, sub–, infra-, mini-, micro-, ultramicro–, and<br />
micromicrosenses clockwise.<br />
h j z f h = human<br />
j = institution<br />
z = fauna<br />
f = flora<br />
r = material object<br />
i= nonmaterial object<br />
s e i r e = energy form<br />
s = situation type<br />
(3) In order to include quantity (u), number (n) space (l) and time (t), consider<br />
the taxonomy of nouns:<br />
[ + COMMON ]<br />
[ + PLUR ]<br />
[ + COUNT ]<br />
[ + CONCRETE ]<br />
[ + COLLECTIVE ]<br />
[ + ANIMATE ]<br />
[ + HUMAN ]<br />
[ + MALE ]<br />
61
XXVII. SI PREFIXES<br />
10 24 Y yotta- wamujja<br />
10 21 Z zetta- wakijja<br />
10 18 E exa- kajja<br />
10 15 P peta- ssejja<br />
10 12 T tera- macromacro- nnajja nnajja<br />
10 9 G giga- ultramacro- wajja wajja<br />
10 6 M mega- macro- lijja lijja<br />
10 3 k kilo- maxi- mujja mujja<br />
10 2 h hecto- hyper- kijja kijja<br />
10 1 da deca- super- jja jja<br />
epi- jjako<br />
10 0<br />
hypo- kkako<br />
10 -1 d deci- sub- kka kka<br />
10 -2 c centi- infra- kikka kikka<br />
10 -3 m milli- mini- mukka mukka<br />
10 -6 µ micro- micro- likka likka<br />
10 -9 n nano- ultramicro- wakka wakka<br />
10 -12 p pico- micromicro- nnakka nnakka<br />
10 -15 f femto- ssekka<br />
10 -18 a atto- kakka<br />
10 -21 z zepto- wakikka<br />
10 -24 y yocto- wamukka<br />
XXVIII. STANDARDIZED RENDITION OF SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH<br />
AFFIXES INTO LUGANDA<br />
a-, an - “not , without , lacking” = (e) bbulwa (-) < [ (e) li + [ oku . bulwa ]] (-)<br />
ab - , abs -, a- “away, away from, from” = -wIlUk < [ -wIl + uk ]<br />
-able, -ible, -uble = - Ik, -IkIk<br />
acro - “at the tip, topmost terminal” = (e)ssongola(-) < [ (e)li + [oku.songola]<br />
ad - “to, towards, at, at, near to” = -wIl (Il) < [ -wIl + (Il) ]<br />
-ad 1 “collective numeral” = -S + wano, where S is a numeral stem < [ -S + wan + o ]<br />
62
-ad 2 “to, towards” = -S + wIlIle < [ -S + wIlIl + e ]<br />
-aesthesia “perception, feeling” = (e)ggulila(-) < [ (e) li + [oku.wulila] (-)<br />
after - “after” = vvannyuma < [ li + [ oku.va + ennyuma ]<br />
-al = - nna –<br />
-algia , -algesia “pain” = (e)ddumwa (-) < [(e)li + [oku.lumwa ]] (-)<br />
all - “all” = (e)bbuna(-) < [ (e)li + [oku.buna]] (-)<br />
all(o) –, allel- “other, another” = -wan; –nnandala < [-nna + ndala]<br />
ambi -, amphi- “on both sides, in both ways” = -nna + N+ - bilye<br />
amphi - See ambi -<br />
-an = -nna-<br />
anchi - = (e)ssegela(-) < [(e)li + [ oku.segela]] (-)<br />
anchylo – “bent, crooked” = (e)ggeta(-)<br />
ante -, antero- “before (in position or time)” = (e)ssaala(-)<br />
anti- “against, acting against opposite to” = (e)kkontana(-)<br />
ap(o) – “from, away, away from, separate, detached = -wIlUk<br />
archeo - “ancient” = -nnabukuku < [-nna + obukuku ]<br />
archi-, arche-, arch- “first, original, primitive, chief” = sse-<br />
asthen-, asthenia “lack of strength” = (e)nnafuwa + N<br />
-asis = (e)ddwala + N<br />
auto- “self, by itself” = -nnakwe +R+a<br />
bi-, bini- “two, twice, having two, two by two, in twos” = (1) –nna + N + - bilye<br />
(2) -biliwanyi < [[-bili + wan] + I ]<br />
-biosis “a state of living together” = (e)ddamila + N<br />
63
i-, bio-, -be “life” = -lamu<br />
brady - “slow” = (e)ssooba (-)<br />
by(e)- “beside” = (e)ssegela(-)<br />
cata-, cath- “down” = (e)ssa-<br />
-cele “hernia, hence a swelling out” = (e)kizimba + N<br />
circum – “round, around” = (e)bbugila(-)<br />
cis- “on this side of” = (e)ddaalila(-)<br />
-clast, -clase, -clasis “the breaking of, broken” = (e)kizikiliza(-)<br />
co- “with, together” + -AGan, -wan<br />
com -, con, col-, cor-<br />
(1) “with, together” = -AGan, -wan<br />
(2) “very, completely” = -wIlIl, -wUlUl, -wUkUk, …<br />
coeno - “held in common, shared” = (e)ggabana(-)<br />
contra - = anti- (q.v.)<br />
cross - = (e)ssomoka (-) (e)kkiika(-), (e)ssala(-)<br />
crypto – “hidden” = (e)kkisa(-)<br />
-cula, -cule, -culus, -culum, -cle = (a)ka -<br />
de- (1) “down, away” = (e)ssa(-)<br />
(2) “to take away, to cause not to be” = -wUlUl<br />
deca -, “ten” = -nna + N + kkumi<br />
deci -, decim - “tenth” = (e)kinnakyakkumi<br />
demi - “half” = (e)kinnakyakubili<br />
dextro - “right hand” = -nnaddyo<br />
di - (1) = bi -, bini- (1) (q.v.)<br />
(2) = dis - (q.v.)<br />
64
(3) = dia – (q.v.)<br />
dia - “through, right through, across” = cross – (q.v.)<br />
dipl -, diplo - “double, twofold” = -biliwanyi<br />
dis-, dif-, di- = de – (2) (q.v.)<br />
dupl- = dipl - (q.v.)<br />
-dynia, -dynia, -odyne “pain” = (e)ddumwa + N<br />
dys - “bad, ill, out of order, difficult” = (e)ssoba(-)<br />
-ectasis “extension” = (e)ggaziwa + N<br />
-ectomy “cutting out, or removal of a part of the body” = (e)ssalibwamu + N<br />
en -, em-, endo -, ento - “within” -nnamunda<br />
epi-, ep- “upon, over” = jjako (SI), -nnakungulu<br />
equ-, equat-, equi- “equal” = iso - (q.v.)<br />
-escent, -escence “becoming growing into” = -wal, -w<br />
eu- “well, good” = (e)ddungiya(-), -nnabulungi<br />
ex-, e -, ec-, ef-, exo-, ecto - “outside” = -nnabwelu, -nnabwelukila<br />
extra – outside a thing, not within its scope” = (e)ssukka (-), -nnabwelu<br />
-facient “making” = -waz , -wazi; -kola + N<br />
final = -nnakkomya<br />
fore - = ante - (q.v.)<br />
-fuge, -fugal, fugit - “to flee, to run away” = (e)dduka(-)<br />
future = -nnamaaso<br />
-gen, -genic, -genous = -tonda + N, -kola + N<br />
-genesis, genet-, -geny = (e)zzaala + N<br />
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-gram = (e)kilojja + N<br />
-graph, graph, -graphy “a drawing, a writing = -lojja + N<br />
half - = demi - (q.v.)<br />
haplo -, hapl- “one, single” = (e)ppekeya(-)<br />
hemi- = demi - (q.v.)<br />
hept - “seven” = -nna + N + musanvu<br />
hetero - “other, different” = -nnakwawuka<br />
hexa - “six” = -nna + N + mukaaga<br />
holo - “whole, complete” = (e)ddambaya (-)<br />
homeo -, homo - “same, -like, similar” = -nnabutayawuka<br />
-iatrics, -iatry, iatro “medical treatment” = -nnajjanjaba + N<br />
-(i)cide “the killing of, the killer of” = (e)kitta + N<br />
-ic(s) = kanna-<br />
-id = -wIlIvu<br />
-iferous = igerous (q.v.)<br />
-igerous “bearing, producing = - weeka + N, -nyini + N<br />
in-, il-, im- = a(n)- (q.v.)<br />
in-, il-, im- = en- (q.v.)<br />
inter- “between, among, affecting both” = (e)ttaba+N, - AGan, -wan<br />
intra - “inside, within” = (1) -nnamunda (2) -nnakumunda<br />
intro - “to the inside “ = (e)jjingila(-), (e)jjingiza(-)<br />
-(i)parous “bring forth young to bring forth, to create” = -zaala + N<br />
iso- “equal” = nnakwenkana + N, -nnakwenkanya + N<br />
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-itis “inflammation” = (e)jjakililwa + N<br />
-ivorous, -ivore “eating” = -kavvula + N<br />
juxta - = anchi - (q.v.)<br />
kin-, kinemat(o)-, -kinesia, -kinesis, kinet(o)- “movement” = -nnakujjululwa<br />
< [ -nna + [ okujjululwa ]]<br />
longi- “long, lengthwise” = (e)bbalama(-) < [ (e)li + [ oku.balama]] (-)<br />
-lysis, -lytic, -lyst, -lyte “loosening, breaking down setting free” = (e)zzimbulula(-)<br />
mal- “bad, slight” = -nnabubi<br />
-malacia, malac-, malaco - “soft, a softening” = (e)ggonzebwa + N<br />
-mania “madness” = (e)jjoya (-) < [(e)li + [oku.yoya]] (-)<br />
medi - = meso - (q.v.)<br />
-megaly, megalo- “large, great” = (e)ggaziyizibwa + N<br />
mer -, meri -, mero- “ a part” = (e)ttunduya (-) < [(e) li + [ -tundu + w + y + a ]] (-)<br />
meso - “middle, intermediate” = -nnawakati<br />
meta -, met- “after, next after, behind, following” = (e)ggobelela(-)<br />
-meter, -metric, -metrics, -metry “ a measure “ = (e)kipima + N, (e)ppima + N,<br />
kapima + N<br />
mid- = meso - (q.v.)<br />
mono-, mon- “one, single, alone” = -nna + N + -mwe<br />
-morphous “of a certain form or shape” = -wIlIvu<br />
multi - “many” = -nna + N + -ngi, (e)bbungiya (-) < [(e)li + [bungi + w + y + a]] (-)<br />
myria-, myrio - “many, innumerable” = -yala + N, -yaza + N<br />
neo - “ new” = -nnabuggya<br />
non - “not” = -nnabuta+R+a+N, -nnabutali + N<br />
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nona -, non - “ nine “ = -nna+N+mwende<br />
ob-, oc-, of-, op- = anti - (q.v.)<br />
octo -, oct-, octo- “eight” = -nna + N + munnaane<br />
-oid, -oidal, -oidea “(thing) having the form of, resembling, like” = -id (q.v.)<br />
oligo- “little, few” = (e)kkeeya + N, (e)kkeewa + N<br />
-(o)logy “study, branch of science” = kanna - [ 1/-], kayiga - [ 1 - ]<br />
-oma “tummour” = (e)kizimba + N<br />
omni - = all- ( q.v.)<br />
ortho - “straight, upright, at right-angles, correct” = (e)ssimba(-)<br />
-osis = -asis (q.v.)<br />
-ostomy = (e)ggula + N<br />
-otomy “a cutting” = (e)ssala + N<br />
out - = (e)ssinga (-), (e)ssoolooba(-)<br />
over - = sse -, (e)ssukka (-)<br />
pan - = all - (q.v.)<br />
para – (1) “by the side, at the side oif, to one side” = (e)ssegela (-) (2) “wrong, faulty,<br />
amiss, disordered” = (e)ssukka(-)<br />
partial = -nnakitundu<br />
past = -nnakyayita<br />
-pathy = (e)jjanjaba (-)<br />
pel - = per - (q.v.)<br />
-penia “poverty, lack of, less than usual” = (e)bbulwa + N<br />
penta - “five” = -nna + N + -taanwe<br />
per - “through, by means of, all over, completely” = (e)kkiika(-), (e)ssala(-)<br />
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peri - = circum - (q.v.)<br />
-petal “seeking” = - noonya + N<br />
-pexy “a fixing , a making firm or solid” = (e)ggwangibwa + N<br />
-phage, phago -, -phagia, -phagous, -phagy “to eat, to swallow” = - lya + N<br />
-phasia “speech” = (e)njogela, (o)kwogela<br />
-philia, philo -, -philic, -philous “loving, liking preferring, seeking” = (e)njagala,<br />
(o)kwagala<br />
-phobia, phobo -, -phobe “fear, fright, dislike” = (e)nkyawa, (o)kukyawa<br />
-phoresis “the act of bearing or carrying” = (e)kkongojja (-)<br />
-phylaxis, phylact - “guarding against” = (e)zziyiza (-)<br />
plagio - “oblique, slanting, at an angle” = (e)bbunduka (-)<br />
-plasia, plasma, plasm -, plasti -, -plasty, “to mould to form, to shape” = (e)kkula(-),<br />
(e)kkuza(-)<br />
pluri - “more, several” = (e)ggwelako (-)<br />
-poeia, -poiesis “making, the making of” = (o)ku + S + waza<br />
poly - = multi - (q.v.)<br />
post - = meta - ( q.v.)<br />
pre - = ante - (q.v.)<br />
primary = -nnakasooka<br />
pro - “in front of, for forth” = (e)ssaala (-), -myuka- (e)ggwagila(-), (o)munna-<br />
proto -, prot- “first, original, chief” = -nnansibuko<br />
pseudo - “false, imitating, as if but not really” = (e)ddyeka(-)<br />
psych -, psycho - “the mind” = (o)mulowooza<br />
-ptosis “a falling, a downward displacement” = (o)kugwa, (e)ngwa, (e)ggwa (-)<br />
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quadri-, quadru - “four” = -nna + N + - ne<br />
quasi- “as if, seemingly but not really” = -nnalinga<br />
quinque -, quinqui - “five” = -nna + N + - taanwe<br />
re- “again, against, in return, on each other, opposing, acting against, back, backwards,<br />
back again returning to an original state, repetition of an action = (1) -AGan,<br />
(2) -nnakuguguba, (3) (a) kaddannyuma,<br />
(4) -nnakuddamu, (5) IlIz<br />
retro - (1) “backwards” = (e)ddannyuma (-) (2) “behind” = -begawaze<br />
-rhage “a breaking, to break, to burst” = (e)jjabika (-)<br />
-rhaphy “the sewing up of a wound” = (e)ttunga(-)<br />
-rhoea, rheo -, -rhea “a flow, a stream, a current = ( e)kkulukusa(-)<br />
-scope, -scopic, -scopy “to wtch” = (e)kilabisa(-), (e)ddabisa (-)<br />
semi - = demi - (q.v.)<br />
sinistro - “left, left –handed” = -nnakkono<br />
-stasis, -stasy “a standing, a standing still, a state or position” = (e)jjimiliza (-),<br />
(e)ggwela(-)<br />
sym -, syn-, syl-, sys -, sy- “with, together” = -AGan -wan<br />
taxi -, taxo, -taxis, = taxy “arrangement, a setting up in order” = (e)ttegekebwa (-)<br />
(e)ssengekwa (-)<br />
tele - “far off, at a distance” -nnawala<br />
ter-, tern-, terti- “thrice, thrid” = -satuwanye, -nna+N+-satwe, -nnakyakusatu<br />
tertiary = -nnakasatwe<br />
tetr -, tetra - “four” = -nyawanye, -nna+N+ -ne<br />
trans - = cross - (q.v.)<br />
tri -, triplo - “three, threefold” = -nna + N + -satwe, -satuwanye<br />
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-trophy, troph(o) - “food, nourishment, nutrition” = (e)ddiisa(-), (e)ndiisa<br />
-tropic, -tropism, tropo-, -trope “a turning, direction” + (e)kkyukilila(-)<br />
ultra- “beyond, on the other side, very, exceedingly” = (e)ssukka(-)<br />
uni- = mono - (q.v.)<br />
vice - = omumyuka(-)<br />
XXIX. STYLES OF TYPE<br />
(1) Entry : in bold type with slight protrusion to the left; subentries also in<br />
bold type<br />
(2) Guide phrase : in plain small capitals<br />
(3) Pronunciation : tones marked on the entry<br />
(4) Morphological information : in italic type<br />
Morphosyntactic information : in plain type<br />
(5) Variant(s) : in bold type<br />
(6) Etymology : in italic type<br />
(7) Systematic name : bold type for the biological name<br />
(8) Menu : in plain type ; and boxed<br />
(9) Menu word : in plain type<br />
(10) Sense number : Arabic numeral in bold type<br />
(11) Morphosyntactic information : See (4) above.<br />
(12) Usage label : in italic type<br />
(13) Sense : in plain type<br />
(14) Sense exemplification : in italic type<br />
(15) Translation of example sentence or phrase : in plain type<br />
(16) Idiom or phrase : in bold type<br />
(17) Translation of idiom or phrase : as (15) above<br />
(18) Idiom or phrase exemplification : in bold type<br />
(19) Proverb : in bold type<br />
(20) Proverb equivalent and/or translation : in plain type<br />
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(21) Undefined run-ons : in bold type<br />
XXX. SYMBOLS<br />
& “and”<br />
“variant of”<br />
/ (a) “correlative to”<br />
(b) “or”<br />
: (colon for) introduction<br />
(vertical stroke for) demarcation<br />
( ) (a) occasionality<br />
(b) contextualization<br />
[ ] (a) morphological information<br />
(b) morphosyntactic information<br />
> “ given rise to”<br />
< “from”<br />
* (asterisk for) prompting entry with prefix (e)ki - or (e) bi -<br />
. (dot for) segmentation<br />
( dash for ) zero affix<br />
- (hyphen for) affix<br />
/ “alternatively”<br />
→ cross - referencing<br />
/ ∧ \ tone marks<br />
1, 2, 3, … numerical superscripts e.g.<br />
(1) (o)muzila 1<br />
(o)muzila 2<br />
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(2) (o)muganda 1<br />
= “is a synonym of”<br />
≠ “is an antonym of”<br />
(O)muganda 2<br />
“is approximately equal to”<br />
∴ “therefore”<br />
∵ “because”<br />
XXXI. TERMINOLOGICAL MODERNIZATION OF LUGANDA<br />
There will be two strands of terminological modernization of <strong>Luganda</strong>: systematic<br />
Lugandization and systematic extrapolation of affixes. Systematic Lugandization will<br />
consist in adopting and adapting a Greco-Latin mode of spelling and pronunciation. For<br />
example,<br />
“conchology” konkologia<br />
“Australia” Australia<br />
“microbiology” mikrobiologia<br />
“aeronautics” aeronautika<br />
“anthropology” anthropologia<br />
“helium” heliumu<br />
“hahnium” hahniumu<br />
“econometrics” ekonometrika<br />
“psychiatry” syikiatria<br />
“cyanide” syianiidi<br />
Systematic extrapolation of affixes will consist in inventory augmentation e.g. (-)kka-,<br />
(-)jja- which lead to the articulation of SI affixes in <strong>Luganda</strong>; and affix extension e.g.<br />
–wan, -wUk, -wIl which lead to the formation of denominal verbs. The use of ka-, sse-,<br />
(-)nna- will be standardized. A disyllabic noun PS will be treated like a stem for the<br />
purpose of terminological modernization e.g. (o)mubantuwano “society”.<br />
It is assumed that both alternative strands will meet with approval of <strong>Luganda</strong> speakers of<br />
both parochial and international mindsets. For example, it will be interesting to see who<br />
will accept kannabantuwano or sosiologia “sociology” in the light of the PEGITOSCA<br />
and CLECC criteria.<br />
XXXII. TYPES OF DICTIONARY<br />
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The criteria for classifying a dictionary are as follows:<br />
1. Language(s) : - monolingual<br />
- bilingual*<br />
- trilingual<br />
- quadrilingual<br />
- multilingual<br />
2. Users : - children’s / young persons’ dictionary<br />
- learner’s dictionary<br />
- special – field dictionary<br />
3. Tone : - prescriptive<br />
- special – purpose dictionary<br />
- general – purpose dictionary*<br />
- proscriptive<br />
- descriptive*<br />
- advisory*<br />
4. Arrangement - alphabetical*<br />
- conceptual (or thematic)<br />
- morphic*<br />
- haphazard<br />
- pictorial<br />
- n – letter - word<br />
- frequency<br />
- rhyming<br />
- reverse - order<br />
- date – of – first occurrence<br />
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5. Size : entry count<br />
6. Coverage: - lexical*<br />
- encyclopaedic<br />
7. Entry : - morphic*<br />
- lexemic*<br />
- phrasal<br />
- idiomatic<br />
- proverbial<br />
- sentential<br />
8. Time : - synchronic*<br />
- diachronic<br />
The type of the projected English-<strong>Luganda</strong> – English Dictionary is asterisked (*).<br />
XXXIII. USAGE LABELLING<br />
The senses of an entry should be arranged in accordance with the following usage<br />
sequence:<br />
Status : standard, non-standard<br />
Medium : spoken, written<br />
Origin : regional, dialectal, temporal, foreign language<br />
Attitude : very informal, familiar, colloquial, informal, formal, very<br />
formal, elevated, euphemistic, meliorative, jocular.<br />
pejorative, impolite, offensive.<br />
Restrictedness : slang, field, trademark, private, literary, poetic<br />
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