An Assessment of the SRTM Topographic Products - Jet Propulsion ...

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List of Figures 1.1 Scatter plot of kinematic GPS height measurements and interpolated SRTM height values near St. Louis, MO, versus longitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.2 Post-calibration height error residuals for a long ocean data take . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.3 Long term drift of the SRTM phase for beam 4, estimated using ocean crossings over the lifetime of the mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.4 Height errors for ocean and land GCPs, prior to along-track and dynamic calibration and mosaic least-squares adjustments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.5 Height errors for ocean and land GCPs, after along-track and dynamic calibration and mosaic least-squares adjustments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.6 Histogram of the SRTM height error measured over the continent of Africa . . . . . 22 2.1 Africa kinematic GPS height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.2 Australia kinematic GPS height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.3 Eurasia kinematic GPS height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.4 North America kinematic GPS height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.5 New Zealand kinematic GPS height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.6 South America kinematic GPS height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.7 Histogram of the 90% error values for the comparison of the SRTM height data against the DTED Level-2 data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.8 90% Height errors plotted against height difference median and standard deviations for the SRTM to DTED Level-2 comparisons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.9 Histogram of the 90% error values for the comparison of the SRTM height data against the height patch data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.10 90% Height errors plotted against height difference median and standard deviations for the SRTM to patch height data comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.11 Africa ocean and land GCP height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 2.12 Australia ocean and land GCP height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 2.13 Eurasia ocean and land GCP height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 2.14 North America ocean and land GCP height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 2.15 South America ocean and land GCP height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2.16 Africa land GCP height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2.17 Australia land GCP height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.18 Eurasia land GCP height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 2.19 North America land GCP height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4
LIST OF FIGURES 5 2.20 South America land GCP height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 3.1 SRTM minus kinematic GPS height differences averaged over 0.5 ◦ of latitude and longitude for Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 3.2 SRTM minus kinematic GPS height differences averaged over 0.5 ◦ of latitude and longitude for Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 3.3 SRTM minus kinematic GPS height differences averaged over 0.5 ◦ of latitude and longitude for Eurasia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3.4 SRTM minus kinematic GPS height differences averaged over 0.5 ◦ of latitude and longitude for North America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3.5 SRTM minus kinematic GPS height differences averaged over 0.5 ◦ of latitude and longitude for New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3.6 SRTM minus kinematic GPS height differences averaged over 0.5 ◦ of latitude and longitude for South America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3.7 Africa residual long-wavelength errors for land and ocean GCPs after mosaic corrections are applied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 3.8 Australia residual long-wavelength errors for land and ocean GCPs after mosaic corrections are applied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 3.9 North America residual long-wavelength errors for land and ocean GCPs after mosaic corrections are applied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 3.10 South America residual long-wavelength errors for land and ocean GCPs after mosaic corrections are applied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 3.11 Structure function for the Kinematic GPS GCP errors for Africa . . . . . . . . . . . 64 3.12 Structure function for the Kinematic GPS GCP errors for Australia . . . . . . . . . 65 3.13 Structure function for the Kinematic GPS GCP errors for Eurasia . . . . . . . . . . 66 3.14 Structure function for the Kinematic GPS GCP errors for North America . . . . . . 67 3.15 Structure function for the Kinematic GPS GCP errors for South America . . . . . . 68 3.16 Correlation function for all continents over the scale of two SRTM swaths. . . . . . . 69 3.17 Zoom on the correlation function presented in Figure 3.16 for small distances from the origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 3.18 Variability of the structure function for different kinematic GPS tracks. . . . . . . . 71 4.1 Topography for the 29 Palms DTED 2 cell used to illustrate random errors . . . . . 73 4.2 Height RMS calculated using an 11 pixel averaging window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 4.3 THED values computed for the 29 Palms cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 4.4 Statistical relationship between the THED values and the estimated random error . 76 4.5 Africa random error map at 1/8 ◦ resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 4.6 Australia random error map at 1/8 ◦ resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 4.7 Eurasia random error map at 1/8 ◦ resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 4.8 North America random error map at 1/8 ◦ resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 4.9 South America random error map at 1/8 ◦ resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 4.10 Africa estimated absolute 90% vertical error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4.11 Australia estimated absolute 90% vertical error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4.12 Eurasia estimated absolute 90% vertical error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 4.13 North America estimated absolute 90% vertical error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 4.14 South America estimated absolute 90% vertical error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Page 1 and 2: An Assessment of the SRTM Topograph
Page 3: CONTENTS 3 4 Random Errors and the
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURES 7 5.29 Best fit geo
Page 9 and 10: Summary The NASA/NIMA (now NGA) Shu
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW 11 1.1 SRTM Per
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW 13 1.2.2 DTED L
Page 15 and 16: CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW 15 filtering an
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW 17 Figure 1.3:
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW 19 Latitude 60N
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW 21 (δh(x) −
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW 23 the error mo
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 2 Absolute Height Error In
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 2. ABSOLUTE HEIGHT ERROR 27
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CHAPTER 2. ABSOLUTE HEIGHT ERROR 55
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CHAPTER 3. SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE
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CHAPTER 4. RANDOM ERRORS AND THE TE
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Chapter 5 Geolocation Error In cont
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CHAPTER 5. GEOLOCATION ERROR 85 Fig
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CHAPTER 5. GEOLOCATION ERROR 87 Tab
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CHAPTER 5. GEOLOCATION ERROR 89 to
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CHAPTER 5. GEOLOCATION ERROR 95 Con
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CHAPTER 5. GEOLOCATION ERROR 101 Fi
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Chapter 6 Comparison Against GeoSAR
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CHAPTER 6. COMPARISON AGAINST GEOSA
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Bibliography [1] J. van Zyl, “The
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APPENDIX A. SRTM ERROR CHARACTERIST
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