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J Indian Acad Forensic Med. October- December 2011, Vol. 33, No. 4 ISSN 0971-0973 Med, 30(3); p136-140. The Medical Profession and Law 1992 pp 14. 7. The Consumer Protection Act, 1998. 342 8. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy act 1971. 9. The PC & PNDT act 1994 amd 2003. 10. The MCI Act 1956; Amended in 1997-2000 & 2002. Table- 1: Awareness status regarding medico-legal Case Management Sr. No. Particular of subject matter/ issues Awareness Response Total number of cases 119 Aware Partly Aware Not Aware No response 1. Medico-legal Cases 66 (55.46%) 49 (41.18%) 01 (0.84%) 03 (2.52%) 2. Promptness in examination of victim of sexual assaults 45 (37.82%) 31 (26.05%) 33 (27.73%) 10 (8.40%) 3. Death certification in MLC 43 (36.13%) 31 (26.05%) 37 (31.09%) 08 (6.72%) 4. Evidence Preservation in MLC 39 (32.77%) 37 (31.09%) 24 (20.17%) 19 (15.97%) 5. Medico-legal severity of injury 36 (30.25%) 43 (36.13%) 28 (23.53%) 12 (10.08%) 6. Importance of Identity in MLC 33 (27.73%) 39 (32.77%) 31 (26.05%) 16 (13.45%) 7. Criminal Abortion Cases 27 (22.69%) 31 (26.05%) 49 (41.18%) 12 (10.08%) 8. Awareness of Law related to medical Practice 44 (36.97%) 23 (19.33%) 38 (31.93%) 14 (11.77%) 9. Real causes of Negligence complaints 46 (38.66%) 39 (32.77%) 23 (19.33%) 11 (9.24%) 10. Awareness regarding the provisions of PCPNDT Act 45 (37.82%) 37 (31.09%) 24 (20.17%) 13 (10.92%) 11. Importance of good medical record 32 (26.89%) 42 (35.29%) 29 (24.37%) 16 (13.45%) 12. Rights of the patients 25 (21.08%) 41 (34.45%) 39 (32.77%) 14 (11.77%) Average percentage 33.69% 31.02% 24.93% 10.36% Table-2: Status of various medico-legal procedures of medico-legal Case Management Sr. No. Particular of subject matter/ issue Awareness Response /Total number of cases 119 Aware Partly Aware Not Aware No response 1. Injury report/ Register/MLC Register 67 (56.30%) 36 (30.25%) 11 (9.24%) 05 (4.20%) 2. Ideal Medico-legal record Keeping 25 (21.01%) 41 (34.45%) 34 (28.57%) 19 (15.97%) 3. Recording of Dying Declaration/ Deposition. 34 (28.57%) 39 (32.77%) 35 (29.41%) 11 (9.24%) 4. MLC Investigation 38 (31.93%) 44 (36.98%) 29 (24.37%) 08 (6.72%) 5. Poisoning cases 37 (31.09%) 33 (27.73%) 36 (30.25%) 13 (10.92%) 6. Negligence in MLC Cases 41 (34.45%) 29 (24.37%) 32 (26.89%) 17 (14.29%) Average percentage 33.89% 31.09% 24.79% 10.22% Table-3: Awareness Status about various documentation proceude in MLC Management Sr. No. Particular of subject matter/ issue Awareness Response Total number of cases 119 Aware Partly Aware Not Aware No Response 1. MLC Cases File? 36 (30.25%) 39 (32.77%) 29 (24.37%) 15 (12.61%) 2. MLC Record Keeping? 25 (21.01%) 41 (34.45%) 34 (28.57%) 19 (15.97%) 3. MLC Investigations? 38 (31.93%) 44 (36.98%) 29 (24.37%) 08 (6.72%) 4. Asses of Medical Records? 34 (28.57%) 26 (21.85%) 46 (38.66%) 13 (10.92%) 5. Safety of Medical records? 33 (27.73%) 29 (24.37%) 43 (36.13%) 14 (11.77%) Average percentage 27.90% 30.08% 30.42% 11.60% Table-4: Status of specific problem medico-legal Case Management Sr. No. Particular of subject matter/ issue Problemin (%) 1. No significant History of MLC? 76% 2. Household Accidents? 67% 3. Illegal pregnancy/criminal abortion? 63% 4. Patient of MLC case absconds? 59% 5. Attendant absconds? 57% 6. Cases in which Dying Declaration/Deposition required? 51% 7. Financial Crisis of patient? 50% 8. Non-cooperation of IO? 43% 9. Problem related to preservation evidence material? 43% 10. Attitude and behavior of IO/Agency? 41% 11. Patient insisting/refusing for MLC Cases? 39% 12. Forensic medicine/Autopsy? 29% 13. Court/Witness? 27% 14. MLC Patient died at higher center? 23%
J Indian Acad Forensic Med. October- December 2011, Vol. 33, No. 4 ISSN 0971-0973 Original Research Paper Finger Print Pattern in Different Blood Groups *Muralidhar Reddy Sangam, **A. Ramesh Babu, ***K. Krupadanam, ***K. Anasuya Abstract: Dermatoglyphics is study of pattern of fine ridges on fingers, palms and soles. The term dermatoglyphics was coined by Cummins. The type of finger print is unique and is based on genetic characters of each individual. They develop between 2 nd and 3 rd months of intra uterine life and remain unchanged in an individual through out life. Finger prints are regarded as the most reliable tool for personal identification. Due to their immence potential particularly in forensic medicine, the study of finger print pattern was carried out in relation to various ABO blood groups. The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, NRI medical college, Chinakakani, Guntur. 506 students of known blood group were selected for the study. The finger prints were collected, studied and analyzed statistically. Thumbs presented high frequency of whorls in A+ves. Index and ring fingers were associated with high frequency of whorls in A-ves and AB+ves. Key Words: Finger Print, Blood Group, Commins, Intra Uterine Life Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is study of pattern of fine ridges on fingers, palms and soles. The term dermatoglyphics was coined by Cummins. [1] The type of finger print is unique and is based on genetic characters of each individual. They develop between 2 nd and 3 rd months of intra uterine life and remain unchanged in an individual through out life. They form the most reliable criteria for personal identification. Forest reported that dermatoglyphics from a part of structural constitution [2]. Blotegrel and Blotegrel expressed the correlation between the physical characters and blood groups [2]. An attempt is made to study the distribution of finger print pattern in different ABO blood groups and to find the correlation between them. Material and Methods: The study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, NRI Medical College, Chinakakani, Guntur during the period of 2009- 2011. 506 students of known blood group were randomly selected for the study. For taking the finger prints, Cummins ink method was used. Printer‘s ink was uniformly spread on a glass slab with the help of a roller. Finger prints were taken after washing the hands with soap water and after complete drying. The pattern of finger print, total and absolute ridge counts were observed with the help of hand lens. Corresponding Author: *Asst. Prof. Anatomy, NRI Medical College Chinakakani, Guntur **Professor of Forensic Medicine, NRIMC ***Professor of Anatomy, NRIMC 343 The finger print patterns were classified into loops (ulnar and radial), whorls and arches according to Henry‘s system of classification. According to Holt [3], the ridge count consists of number of ridges which touch the straight line running from the triradius to the centre of the pattern. Total and absolute finger ridge counts were studied. The distribution of finger print pattern in both hands of individuals with different ABO blood groups was evaluated and analyzed statistically. Observations: We studied 506 individuals with known blood groups. Male: Female ratio is 1.12: 1. Majority of individuals belongs to O group, followed by B, A and AB respectively. Pattern: Loops are most common pattern (56.2%), followed by whorls (39.4%) and arches (4.4%) respectively. Frequency of loops and arches were more in females compared to males. Frequency of whorls is more in males. Chi-Square is 15.3145 and P-value
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