An Introduction to Phylogenetic Analysis - Association for Biology ...

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Amino Acid Phylogenetic Analysis 59 Table 2. The first 60 amino acids in the beta chain of hemoglobin in eight species. Human Rhesus Monkey Mouse Rat Domestic Duck Canada Goose Nile Crocodile Alligator 1 V V V V V V A A 2 H H H H H H S S 3 L L L L W W F F 4 T T T T T T D D 5 P P D D A A P A 6 E E A A E E H H 8 K K K K K K K R 9 S N A A Q Q Q K 10 A A A A L L L F 11 V V V V I I I I 12 T T S N T T G V 13 A T C G G G D D 16 G G G G G G H A 19 N N N N N N D D 20 V V S P V V V V 21 D D D D A A A A 22 E E E D D D H Q 23 V V V V C C C C 25 G G G G A A G A 26 E E E E E E E D 29 G G G G A A S S 31 L L L L L L M M 33 V L V V I I I I 38 T T T T T T K K 39 Q Q Q Q Q Q R R 41 F F Y Y F F Y Y 43 E E D D A S E E 44 S S S S S S N H 47 D D D D N N D K 48 L L L L L L I M 49 S S S S S S S C 50 T S S S S S N N 51 P P A A P P A A 52 D D S S T T Q H 53 A A A A A A A D 54 V V I I I I I I 55 M M M M L L M L 56 G G G G G G H H 57 P P A P P P E S 59 K K K K M M K K
60 ABLE 2005 Proceedings Vol. 27 Kosinski Procedure A 1. The first step is a laborious one: working in groups of four, you must find the number of differences in amino acid sequence between each pair of species. There are 28 pairs to be analyzed, as shown by the unshaded cells in Table 3 below: Table 3. Differences in beta chain amino acid sequences between 28 pairs of species. Human Monkey Mouse Rat Duck Goose Croc Monkey Mouse Rat Duck Goose Croc. Allig. You should divide the comparisons up among your group members so that each person is responsible for certain comparisons. To make sure you’re doing the comparisons correctly, the human-rhesus monkey number should be 4 , and the crocodile-alligator number should be 17. 2. According to the data, which two species in Table 3 are most closely related? Why do we think these two lineages diverged the shortest time ago? 3. Which species is most closely related to humans? Which is most distantly related to humans? 4. To humans, alligators and crocodiles look very similar. However, which species difference in Table 3 comes closest to the difference between alligators and crocodiles? How can we explain this?
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