Action Plan Peach Fruit Fly Bactrocera zonata - Nuclear Sciences ...

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I. GENERAL INFORMATION A. Action Statement The information contained in this document is intended for use only when a peach fruit fly (PFF) infestation is known to exist. This Action Plan is to be used for guidance in implementing eradication procedures and in preventing spread to other locations. It provides technical and general information needed to implement any phase of a PFF eradication program. Specific emergency program action is to be based on information available at the time of infestation. B. Background Information The PFF is native to Asia. This tephritid fly occurs in Southeast Asia, Egypt, India, Mauritius, Moluccas Islands, Pakistan, Reunion Island, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. An infestation in California in 1984 was eradicated. The PFF has been recorded worldwide on 42 different fruit hosts. Injury to fruit occurs through oviposition punctures and subsequent larval feeding. C. Life Cycle Application Insect development is temperature dependent. Egg, larval, and adult reproductive development are influenced by air temperatures. Pupal development is influenced by soil temperatures. In both environments, there is a minimum temperature threshold below which no measurable development takes place. A model can be designed to use air temperature data for all insect stages and to predict the entire life cycle. Temperature data area available from the National, private, State, university, or industry sources or are generated by strategically placed soil probes and thermometers. If available, electronic temperature recording equipment, such as a HP4CI or Biophenometer TA51, should be used. Many of the critical parameters for PFF have yet to be determined. In the absence of other reliable data, the developmental threshold (taken from Oriental fruit fly (OFF)) is assumed to be 12.2 ºC in air and 9.4 ºC in soil. The number of degrees accumulated above the developmental threshold for a life stage for 1 day are called day degrees (DD). For the air model depicted in the table below, 344 DD must be accumulated before own life cycle has been completed. Note: Since PFF pupae can be reportedly overwinter for periods of up to 46 days, these formulas must be used with extreme caution. 1
Formula: Minimum Maximum Total Average Threshold Day Daily Daily Daily Degrees Temp ºC + Temp ºC = Temp ºC 2 = Temp ºC - Temp ºC = Temp ºC Example: (Air Model 12.2 C Threshold) Minimum Maximum Total Average Threshold Day Daily Daily Daily Degrees 12 2 ºC + 23.3 ºC = 35.5 ºC 2 = 17.75 ºC - 12.2 ºC = 5.6 DD Program actions are guided in part by insect life cycle data. Eradication treatments, length of trapping activities, and regulatory functions are affected primarily by the length of time it takes to complete each phase of the life cycle. Unforeseen delays in completion of the life cycle must be anticipated. 2
Page 1 and 2: Food & Agriculture ACTION PLAN Orga
Page 3 and 4: COMMENTS This Action Plan was origi
Page 5: NOTICE Recommendations in this Acti
Page 9 and 10: G. Survey Records noting the areas
Page 11 and 12: Notifications and/or comparable not
Page 13 and 14: treatments of regulated articles. 3
Page 15 and 16: C. Approved Eradication Treatments
Page 17 and 18: dropped or rolled. Take particular
Page 19 and 20: which the emergency programme is be
Page 21 and 22: VI. ADDENDA
Page 23 and 24: Urban/Residential Area An area cont
Page 25 and 26: Addendum C - Hosts The following ho
Page 27 and 28: Scientific Name Common Name Pyrus p
Page 29 and 30: II. The McPhail Trap blocks. In add
Page 31 and 32: The trap should be placed in a host
Page 33 and 34: 2. Preparation The field supervisor
Page 35 and 36: hatch into larvae within 2 days. Th
Page 37 and 38: Sources: a.) CABI. 1996. Distributi
Page 39 and 40: INFORMATION FLOW FOR THE IDENTIFICA
Page 41 and 42: 2) Elan Chemical 268 Doremus Avenue
Page 43 and 44: Addendum H - Suppliers of Protein B
Page 45 and 46: Addendum I - Fruit Flies That Respo
Page 47 and 48: SPECIES THAT RESPOND TO CUELURE (co
Page 49 and 50: Bactrocera (Afrodacus) biguttulus (
Page 51 and 52: Dacus (Dacus) clinophlebs Hendel Da
Page 53 and 54: Addendum J - Additional References
Page 55: Qureshi, Z.A., et al, 1976. Efficac

Action Plan Peach Fruit Fly Bactrocera zonata - Nuclear Sciences ...

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