Wind Turbine Visibility and Visual Impact Threshold Distances in ...

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Wind Turbine Visibility and Visual Impact Threshold Distances in Western Landscapes Robert G. Sullivan Program Manager/Coordinator Environmental Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, IL (p)630-252-6182 (f)630-252-6090 sullivan@anl.gov Leslie B. Kirchler Landscape Specialist Environmental Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, IL Tom Lahti State Landscape Architect (retired) Wyoming State Office U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management Cheyenne, WY Sherry Roché NLCS Wilderness Program Lead Visual Resource Program Lead Wyoming State Office U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management Cheyenne, WY Kevin Beckman Programmer Analyst Environmental Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, IL Brian Cantwell Senior GIS Programmer/Analyst Environmental Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, IL Pamela Richmond Programmer/Analyst Environmental Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, IL 2
Acknowledgments Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management under interagency agreement, through U.S. Department of Energy contract DEAC02-06CH11357. 3
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Page 7 and 8: evaluating potential impacts on the
Page 9 and 10: to the naked eye in conditions of v
Page 11 and 12: Subsequent evaluations of the visua
Page 13 and 14: weather, or when conditions of stro
Page 15 and 16: turbines, built in two phases (66 i
Page 17 and 18: Table 2. Visibility rating form ins
Page 19 and 20: 2) Solar Azimuth: The solar azimuth
Page 21 and 22: Wind Turbine Blade Motion Maximum V
Page 23 and 24: observation of the Cedar Creek wind
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2. Cedar Creek wind facility
Page 27 and 28: Figure 6. Westernmost Seven Mile Hi
Page 29 and 30: viewpoint, and could distort the di
Page 31 and 32: Figure 9. Average visibility rating
Page 33 and 34: Reported Factors Contributing to Vi
Page 35 and 36: trails. It is reasonable and approp
Page 37 and 38: It should be noted that average vis
Page 39 and 40: Figure 13. Dunlap wind energy facil
Page 41 and 42: Using the conservative estimates ba
Page 43 and 44: several times in the course of the
Page 45 and 46: VI. References Apex Wind Energy. 20
Page 47: Scottish Government. 2011. Onshore

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